The Mediterranean Diet in Egypt: its Socio-economic Impact Presented by Mr. Mohamed Badry Heritage Management Professional
Founder of HeritageForAll Initiative Ms. Azza Abd El Maqsoud Assistant Curator & Educator at NMEC
The Mediterranean Diet “MedDiet” Cyprus
Morocco
Croatia
MedDiet UNESCOICH 2013
Portugal
(UNESCO-ICH: The Mediterranean Diet, n.d. [accessed 6 Nov. 2017]) 2
MedDiet EG: Socio-economic Impact
Italy
Spain
Greece
Tuesday, 18 June, 2019
MedDiet: Multidisciplinary • Nutritional ingredients: fats, herbs, spices, cereals, wheat, beans, chickpeas, and lentils; meat, fish, vegetables and fruits.
• Culinary typologies: pickling, roasting, cooking, breading, frying, and baking • The consumption level of food and crops • The architectural maintenance and conservation; • The traditional craftsmanship, such as fishing, cultivating, grazing, and harvesting, including its oral expressions, stories, and folk songs. (Dernini, 2008; Petrillo, 2014; Rennaa, et. al., 2015; Scepi & Petrillo, 2015; Scovazzi, 2015) 3
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MedDiet’s Concept
Tradit. Food
Art & Constr.
MD
Crafts
“Life Style”
Social Practices
https://youtu.be/SwoFKU4gRqA
©Authors (2017)
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MedDiet: Beni Culturali the complex historical, intellectual and
material products of human society (‌.) the wide range of values related to the natural function and the broad economic utility of products, including art" - that to be represented in the cultural landscape viewing a multi historical layers of such civilization.
Sassi di Matera Living Culture Landscape, Basilicata, Italy
(Montella, 2015) 5
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Traditional Food: Beni Culturali Traditional food refers easily the daily lifestyle of such community in various destinations and periods through their selection, production, distribution and consumption ways according to a group of factors
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(Montella, 2015; Padilla, et. al. 2005; Scepi & Petrillo, 2015)
• • • • • •
income, prices, preferences, beliefs, cultural traditions, the geographical, social and economic contexts.
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MedDiet: a Way of Life Spanish file (2007) to the European Union
Council of Ministers of Agriculture and Fisheries
“a very important component of the
cultural, social, territorial, environmental and gastronomic heritage of the countries and peoples in the region, historically forming part of a way of life� (Scepi & Petrillo, 2015) 7
www.consilium.europa.eu/media/36986/1811_cap_reform_objectives_4_thumb.jpg
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MedDiet: UNESCO ICH Criteria The first criterion "Transmitted from generation to generation, particularly through families, MedDiet provides a sense of belonging and sharing and constitutes for those who live in Med. basin a marker of identity and a space for sharing and dialogue". UNESCO ICH. (2003, 2013) 8
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MedDiet: UNESCO ICH Criteria The second criterion “Inscription of the element on the Representative List could contribute to raising awareness of the significance of healthy and sustainable food related practices in other parts of the world, while encouraging intercultural dialogue, promoting
testifying respect
to
creativity for
and
cultural,
environmental and biological diversity". UNESCO ICH. (2003, 2013) 9
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MedDiet: UNESCO ICH Criteria The third criterion "Safeguarding measures are elaborated that may protect and promote the element." that "Safeguarding measures focus on raising awareness, transmission, documentation,
revitalization as well as legislative actions; emphasis is placed on strengthening cooperation mechanisms between and among the communities and States
concerned". UNESCO ICH. (2003, 2013) 10
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MedDiet: UNESCO ICH Criteria The fourth criterion "The element has been nominated following the widest possible participation of the community, group or, if applicable, individuals concerned and with their free, prior and informed consent." that "Through several meetings, the communities concerned in
seven countries participated in the preparation of the nomination and gave their free, prior and informed consent". UNESCO ICH. (2003, 2013)
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MedDiet: UNESCO ICH Criteria The fifth criterion "The element is included in an inventory of [ICH] present in the territory(ies) of
the submitting State(s) Party(ies), as defined in Article 11 and Article 12 of the Convention." that "The Mediterranean diet and its local manifestations have been the subject of research and documentation in each of the States Parties concerned and figure into one or more inventories in each State." UNESCO ICH. (2003, 2013) 12
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MedDiet: Sustainable Development & National Economy in EG 13
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Ingredients of MedDiet’s Cuisine The traditional nutritional Egyptian system • the Egyptian meal is mainly based on bread as Ghomous.
• The Egyptian kitchen is majorly depended on oil more than diarydivided fats. FAO FAOSTAT Nutrition Country Profile [Egypt, 2003] (Padilla, Ahmed, & Wassef, 2005)
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Fundaciรณ Dieta Mediterrรกnea (2010)
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SDGs and National Economic • Sustainable lifestyle (Bio-culture) • Preserving the neighborhood relationships between the coastal countries • Upgrading the sense of conviviality and social peace • Enhancing the socio-environmental sustainability. • Farmers or fishers can preserve in-situ their genetic resources following the traditional lifestyles and safeguarding the food resources for the present and future generations. • a result of consuming the common fresh, and natural products … the respective territories
(Barcelona Declaration 2007; Dernini, 2008; FAO, 2009 ; Petrillo, 2014) 16
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MedDiet: Socio-economic Impacts Estimating the economics of the consumption perspectives “the
nutritional system” in the Mediterranean countries, • the prices of the traditional products
• the cost of the suitable lifestyle • the quality and availability of Med. food for various socio-
economic categories. (Lacirignola et al., 2005) 17
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Socio-economic Intercultural Consequences of Implementing MedDiet System Curating the heritage characteristics of EG cities and reviving the national cultural identity at each EG city.
Decreasing the national debt via operationalizing the national export and import process among MedDiet State Parties, regarding MedDiet ingredients.
Upgrading the national income via to save the level of foreign currencies.
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Socio-economic Intercultural Consequences of Implementing MedDiet System Activating the national and international "cultural" tourism. In diplomatic collaboration with MedDiet State Parties, EG cultural tourism obtains new distribution channels.
Delivering the "cultural" tourism among the whole EG cities.
Creating a new type of heritage tourism "Social Exchange Tourism" with MedDiet State Parties. Egypt can deliver its Med. culture with these state parties creating events, festivals, and fairs presenting our MedDiet– divided traditional foods, crafts, and so on.
Transforming practically the heritage knowledge from generation to generation via to invest the role of women in EG society.
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Recommendations The heritage managerial objectives developing the qualified context of preserving and sustaining MedDiet in Egypt Applying effectively the criteria of inscribing UNESCO ICH representatives from criterion no. 3 to criterion no. 5 Developing a legislative action the international conventions of safeguarding an intangible cultural heritage
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Recommendations Creating a research and documentation project, in collaboration with MedDiet Foundation, to preserve MedDiet-derived practices in EG
Viewing the popular dishes at the menu of the local or popular restaurant as well as a tourism restaurant Cooperating with governmental and non-governmental entities to put directly ICH in general and MedDiet in particular at the action of the national plan of sustainable development
Promoting nationally and internationally the popular festive events
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MedDiet in Siwa Oasis 22
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MedDiet & Identity
Emblem Marsa Matrouh Governorate, http://bit.ly/2ySipVI
Siwa Oasis and Matrouh (Geographic Map) http://bit.ly/2zSl3Mu [accessed 17 Nov. 2017]
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Traditional Food Dal = Lentils Bhat = Rice
Roti = Bread Achar = Pickles
Sabji = Vegetables Siwan Traditional Cuisines (http://im.hunt.in/cg/Siwan/City-Guide/thalo.jpg) Siwan Cuisines www.siwanonline.in/city-guide/food-in-siwan 24
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[accessed 12 Nov. 2017] Tuesday, 18 June, 2019
Traditional Food Lentils + Chard
Makhmakh - Uncultivated Grass
Molokhia & Mutton http://bit.ly/2TjiNWM
http://bit.ly/2U2enbd
[accessed 12 Nov. 2017] 25
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Traditional Food El Boh Mardam
Cooking el boh mardam – Shali rice + mutton http://bit.ly/2CuktqU; http://bit.ly/2yTrTnU [accessed 12 Nov. 2017] 26
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Traditional Food Dessert during ceremonies “Puja” Pittha – Ghugni - Pua • Rice • Sugar • Milk
• Honey • Ghee Makhana (http://im.hunt.in/cg/Siwan/City-Guide/kheer.jpg) Siwan Cuisines www.siwanonline.in/city-guide/food-in-siwan [accessed 6 Nov. 2017] 27
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Traditional Food Tagellan Inteni
Tagellan inteni is a unique Siwan dish made from ground dates and wheat flour. ŠM. Hermann (FAO 2016) 28
Cooking Tagellan inteni ŠMohamed Badr (www.vetogate.com/upload/photo/gallery/125/1/61.jpg) [accessed 6 Nov. 2017]
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Traditional Food Tagellan Inteni
Nestle Cerelac – (Wheat + Dates) http://bit.ly/2OfLZgx
Biscuits filled with dates – BiscoMisr www.biscomisr.com/images/Products /Datto%20Big.png 29
[accessed 13 Nov. 2017] MedDiet EG: Socio-economic Impact
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Crafts
Olive Oil Factory - www.safiegypt.com/pluginAppObj_23_04/O000.jpg [accessed 4 Dec. 2017] 30
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Crafts
Date Factury - http://bit.ly/2TNFRlq; http://bit.ly/2um9E5O; http://bit.ly/2ujvjeL; http://bit.ly/2JsTkuj [accessed 4 Dec. 2017] 31
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Crafts
Curtains made of dates seeds ©Usama Ghazali (http://bit.ly/2zk0EQd; http://bit.ly/2zj8FEW) [accessed 6 Nov. 2017] 32
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Crafts
Chair made from leaf midribs 33
Farm worker producing rope from fibrous sheaths of petiole base MedDiet EG: Socio-economic Impact
ŠM. Hermann (FAO 2016) Tuesday, 18 June, 2019
Crafts
Baskets woven from palm, used to carry vegetables and other general items http://bit.ly/2izErpn 34
Basketry manufacturing http://bit.ly/2izEYHF MedDiet EG: Socio-economic Impact
Little girl is waving basketry – Siwa Oasis Community http://bit.ly/2y8oKMi [accessed 6 Nov. 2017] Tuesday, 18 June, 2019
Art & Embroidery
Traditional Clothes “Bride Dress” – Palm tree-inspired Embroidery National Museum of Egyptian Civilization– Cairo ©Author (2019) 35
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Art
Necklace from wood , palm seeds, and doum http://bit.ly/2uh9fS6 [accessed 6 Nov. 2017] 36
Ornament (Pendant – Bracelet) Tradition Crafts Center – Siwa Oasis ©Author (2017) MedDiet EG: Socio-economic Impact
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Art Traditional drying and processing of harvested dates in Siwa Oasis Painted by Siwan Artist Yussef Ibrahim
FAO (2016) 37
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Construction
Use of date palm trunks as floor beams
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Modern karshif building (CULTNAT Siwa) MedDiet EG: Socio-economic Impact
Fence made of date palm fronds ©M. Hermann (FAO 2016) Tuesday, 18 June, 2019
Social Practices
Date Festival (2017) - http://siwafestival.com/ [accessed 6 Nov. 2017] 39
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Social Practices
Siwa Date Festival (2015) & (2016) – (From left to right) http://bit.ly/2zQNVHN; http://bit.ly/2Ay0KTK; http://bit.ly/2zA98or; http://bit.ly/2zROHV0 [accessed 12 Nov. 2017]
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Social Practices
Egypt's first date palm festival in Siwa (http://bit.ly/2ulFT50) [accessed 12 Nov. 2017] 41
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Social Practices
Annual Siwa Date Festival - http://bit.ly/2U2tTUq [accessed 6 Nov. 2017] 42
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Siwan Traditional Dance ‘Tajo Tajo’
https://youtu.be/xQeg3WO4fKo 43
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MedDiet in Kafr el-Shiekh Governorate 44
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MedDiet & Identity
Kafr el Sheikh Geographical Map, http://bit.ly/2zxCZ13; https://upload.3dlat.net/u ploads/13788266361.png [accessed 12 Nov. 2017] 45
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Traditional Food • Fish • Rice
• Vegetables • Spices Traditional Cuisine in Kafr el Sheikh’s urban cities (http://bit.ly/2U2S2KD; http://bit.ly/2TTg9w7) [accessed 12 Nov. 2017]
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Traditional Food • Fish • Rice
• Vegetables • Species Traditional Cuisine in Kafr el Sheikh’s rural communities (http://bit.ly/2hmeE3K; http://bit.ly/2UKuWoZ) [accessed 12 Nov. 2017] 47
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Traditional Food
Fesekh Industry (http://bit.ly/2OkScaJ; http://bit.ly/2hof7md) [accessed 12 Nov. 2017]
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Traditional Food Salted Fish - Sardeen
Sardeen (http://bit.ly/2yUyz56) [accessed 12 Nov. 2017]
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Crafts
Fishing craft – (http://bit.ly/2ySunCF; http://bit.ly/2TRLSNW; http://bit.ly/2FrW8no) [accessed 12 Nov. 2017]
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Crafts
Fishing craft – (http://bit.ly/2JEVNlE; http://bit.ly/2Oj8sJw; http://bit.ly/2TWVPJv) [accessed 12 Nov. 2017]
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Crafts
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Fish Farming (http://bit.ly/2CvSB5L; http://bit.ly/2Fjvv2N; http://bit.ly/2OifFJP; http://bit.ly/2WeoQxG; http://bit.ly/2UNrPNn) [accessed 12 Nov. 2017] MedDiet EG: Socio-economic Impact
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Socio-Economic Practices
Fish Market– (http://bit.ly/2UPTXz9; http://bit.ly/2CuXsEg; http://bit.ly/2TWd3Xm) [accessed 12 Nov. 2017] 53
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Art & Construction
Fishing Community & Art – Via Amr Nabil photography (http://bit.ly/2ySVoWL; http://bit.ly/2i6FD48) [accessed 12 Nov. 2017]
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Art & Construction
Burullus murals. Courtesy: Walk Like an Egyptian Facebook page
By Ahmed Kafafi. Photos courtesy of Ibrahim Shalabi and Abdel Wahab Abdel El Mohsen Foundation for Culture, Arts and Development Fishing Community & Art – (http://bit.ly/2WlNhth; http://bit.ly/2Jtmr0p) [accessed 12 Nov. 2017]
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