Travel
As an example, this section explains the forward travel operation.
The travel motor 2-stage tilting angle is a large tilting side.
Even if the travel switch is set to the high-speed side, switching the key switch OFF and then ON again always returns the system to this state.
By operating the travel remote control valve to the forward side, the pilot pressure oil is fed to the control valve 5a1 port and switches the left travel spool to the forward side.
At the same time, the oil is also fed to the 4a1 port and switches the right travel spool to the forward side. The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A1 enters the control valve PR (P1) port and the discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port. Switching the left and right travel spools lets each oil flow to the respective travel motor, and causes forward travel.
The return oil from the travel motor returns to the hydraulic tank through the left and right travel spools.
As an example, this section explains the forward travel operation.
For high-speed travel, the travel motor 2-stage tilting angle is set to a small tilting side to increase the speed.
The travel motor has an automatic switchover function that switches the speed to low speed according to the load pressure on the travel motor only during high-speed travel conditions.
By operating the travel remote control valve to the forward side, the pilot pressure oil is fed to the control valve 5a1 port and switches the left travel spool to the forward side.
At the same time, the oil is also fed to the 4a1 port and switches the right travel spool to the forward side. The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A1 enters the control valve PR (P1) port and the discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port. Switching the left and right travel spools lets each oil flow to the respective travel motor, and causes forward travel.
The return oil from the travel motor returns to the hydraulic tank through the left and right travel spools. Electrical signals are sent to the main computer by operation of the travel high-speed select switch and the main computer sends electrical signals to the travel high-speed solenoid valve.
Switching the travel high-speed solenoid valve lets the pilot pressure [3.9 MPa (565.709 psi)] from the C1 port enter the left and right travel motor P ports through the center joint and sets the travel motor tilting angle to a small angle to raise the speed.
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As an example, this section explains the case in which forward travel and boom-up operations are carried out simultaneously.
By operating the travel remote control valve to the forward side, the pilot pressure oil is fed to the control valve 5a1 port and switches the left travel spool to the forward side.
In the same way, the oil is also fed to the 4a1 port and switches the right travel spool to the forward side. The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A1 enters the control valve PR (P1) port and the discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port. Switching the left and right travel spools lets each oil flow to the respective travel motor, and causes forward travel.
If a boom-up operation is carried out during travel, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the control valve 4b2 and 5a3 ports and switches the boom (1) (2) spools to the up side.
When a compound operation (it is a boom-up operation and travel left/right operation this time) are detected by the sensor, the pilot pressure oil is fed from the proportional valve to the straight travel valve and switches the straight travel spool.
The amount of switching of the straight travel spool varies with the upper pilot pressure. (The pilot pressure is low for slight upper operation, so the amount of switching of the straight travel spool is slight to prevent sharp reduction in the travel speed.)
Switching the straight travel makes it possible for the PR (P1) port pressure oil to drive travel and for the PL (P2) port pressure oil to drive the upper.
Since the left and right motors are driven by 1 pump for travel, the left and right motors have the same pressure and straight travel is possible.
Furthermore, the PL (P2) port excess oil is fed to the travel side via the check with travel merge orifice to minimize the drop in speed.
The same operations are carried out when travel and an upper actuator other than for the boom are operated simultaneously.
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This control aims for an energy-saving effect by controlling the pump in such a way as to minimize the excess oil drained from the swing motor relief valve for the starting pressure boost for an independent sharp swing operation.
When a swing operation starts, due to the swing pilot pressure sensor and P1 pressure sensor electrical input signals, the main computer outputs a signal to the P1 flow control proportional valve.
The discharge oil from the hydraulic pump A3 is fed to the P1 flow control proportional valve.
The output signal from the main computer to the P1 flow control proportional valve controls the pilot pressure to reduce the hydraulic pump A1 side discharge flow.
Also, the input signal from hydraulic pump P1 pressure sensor controls the pilot pressure to gradually increase the discharge flow.
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Swing relief cut-off control is executed when all the conditions below are satisfied.
Travel non-operation
Independent sharp swing operation or swing + boom-down operation
Swing relief cut-off control ends when a condition below is satisfied.
When swing operation is stopped
Travel, boom-up, arm-out/in, or bucket-open/close operation
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The swing pilot pressure oil is fed to the 5b2 port via the cushion valve and holds the swing spool to the right side. The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A1 enters the control valve PR (P1) port and is fed via the parallel oil path to the swing spool and arm (1) spool.
By metering the parallel oil path to arm (1), for arm and swing simultaneous operations, the swing pressure is boosted to secure the swing force for pressing digging.
As an example, this section explains the case in which right-swing and arm-in operations are carried out.
By operating the remote control valve to the right swing side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the control valve 5b2 port and switches the spool to the right swing side.
At this time, by operating the remote control valve to the arm-in side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the control valve 5b52 port and switches the spool to the arm-in side.
The pilot pressure oil from the control valve 5b52 port separated internally is fed from the 5b51 port to the 4a4 port and switches the arm (2) spool to the in side.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A1 enters the control valve PR (P1) port and is fed via the parallel oil path to the swing spool.
Switching the spool lets the oil flow into the swing motor B port, and the right swing operation is carried out. The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port, is fed via the center bypass oil path to the arm (2) spool, and merges upstream of the arm (1) spool.
Switching the spool lets the oil flow into the arm cylinder bottom side, and the arm-in operation is carried out. When the right swing and arm-in operations are carried out at the same time, the orifice on the control valve PR (P1) port parallel oil path meters, so the pressure is boosted to secure the swing force for pressing digging.
The arm cylinder with HBCV holds its stop position even when the arm stops and the engine stops.
As an example, this section explains the brake circuit after the end of a right swing operation. When the remote control valve is returned to neutral from a right swing operation, the pilot pressure oil is cut off and the control valve swing spool returns to neutral.
The pressure oil fed to the swing motor B port from the control valve 5B2 port is cut.
At the same time, the destination location is eliminated for the pressure oil flowing from the swing motor A port to the control valve 5A2 port, so the pressure rises to the swing motor relief valve set pressure. The pressure generated here becomes a brake force and stops the motor. When the swing is stopped, the swing motor continues to rotate for a while due to inertial force. In order to make up the shortfall in the oil volume, oil is supplied from the make-up line connected to the swing motor Mu port from the control valve R2 port to open the make-up check and oil is suctioned in to prevent cavitation.
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When the key is switched ON, the swing brake solenoid valve is switched by the electrical signal from the main computer.
The swing motor P port oil returns to the hydraulic tank from the 4 stack solenoid valve C2 port through the swing brake solenoid to hold the swing parking brake.
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When the engine is started and the swing lever is in neutral, the swing brake solenoid valve comes ON (24 V input), the pressure to the swing motor P port is cut, and the swing parking brake works.
When the lever operation raises the reading to higher than the specified pressure value at the pressure sensor in the swing pilot line, the output from the main computer to the swing brake solenoid valve goes OFF, the swing motor P port pressure rises, the swing parking brake is released, and swing becomes possible.
As an example, this section explains the case in which the right swing operation is carried out.
By carrying out the right swing operation on the remote control valve, the pilot pressure oil is fed to the control valve 5b2 port via the cushion valve and switches the swing spool to the right swing side.
At the same time, the main computer detects the swing pilot pressure sensor signal, judges that there is a swing operation, the electrical signal output from the main computer goes OFF, and switches the swing brake solenoid valve.
The pilot pressure oil is fed to the swing motor P port from the swing brake solenoid valve C2 port to release the swing parking brake.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A1 enters the control valve PR (P1) port and is fed via the parallel oil path to the swing spool. Switching the spool lets the oil flow into the swing motor B port and the right swing operation is carried out.
The pressure oil from the swing motor A port returns to the hydraulic tank through the swing spool.
When this is followed by an attachment operation, the pilot pressure is detected by respective port pressure sensors and the swing parking brake continues to be released.
After the swing operation ends, if about 5 sec. pass with no upper operation, the swing brake solenoid valve output from the main computer comes ON and the swing parking brake works again.
After the swing ends, if this is followed by an upper operation, when about 1 sec. passes after the end of the upper operation, the swing parking brake works again.
The swing parking brake is also released for independent upper operations and when about 1 sec. passes after the end of the upper operation, the swing parking brake works again. Key switch Swing pilot pressure sensor Attachment pilot pressure sensors Swing brake solenoid valve Swing motor mechanical brake OFF OFF OFF OFF ON ON OFF OFF ON ON ON Specified pressure OFF OFF OFF ON OFF Specified pressure OFF OFF ON Specified pressure Specified pressure OFF OFF
When the machine is stopped (the key is switched OFF), the swing motor P port oil goes from the 4 stack solenoid valve C2 port through the swing brake solenoid, and returns to the hydraulic tank to hold the swing parking brake.
Boom-up Circuit (independent operation) (with HBCV)
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By operating the remote control valve to the boom-up side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the control valve 4b2 and 5a3 ports and switches the boom (1) (2) spools.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A1 enters the control valve PR (P1) port, is fed via the parallel oil path to the boom (2) spool and merges downstream of the boom (1) spool.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 is fed to the boom (1) spool via the center bypass oil path, merges with the discharge oil from the boom (2), pushes open the boom load holding valve check, pushes open the holding control valve (HBCV) poppet, flows into the bottom side, and the boom-up operation is carried out.
The boom cylinder rod side return oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the boom (1) spool.
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Control
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As an example, this section explains the case in which the boom-up + arm-in compound operation (digging work) is carried out.
The purpose is to increase the oil amount fed to the arm by pushing back the boom (2) spool during digging operation.
By operating the remote control valve to the boom-up side and arm-in side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the control valve 4b2, 5a3 ports and 5b52, 4a4 ports and switches the boom (1) (2) and arm (1) (2) spools.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A1 enters the control valve PR (P1) port and is fed via the parallel oil path to the boom (2) and arm (1) spools.
At this time, the boom (2) spool is pushed back by the boom-up proportional valve, making arm-in operation movement smooth.
The arm cylinder rod side return oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the load holding valve check and the arm (1) spool.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port and is fed via the parallel oil path to the boom (1) spool.
This oil merges with the discharge oil from the boom (2) downstream of the boom (1) spool. Switching the spool lets the oil flow through the load holding valve check and into the boom cylinder bottom side and the boom-up operation is carried out.
The boom cylinder rod side return oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the boom (1) spool.
Boom-up Circuit (compound boom-up + arm-in) (with HBCV)
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As an example, this section explains the case in which the boom-up + arm-in compound operation (leveling work) is carried out.
For leveling work, the pilot pressure oil from the arm subspool control is fed to the Pi1 port, the arm subspool is moved to the left side and the restriction on the flow to the arm is ended to smooth the arm movement. By operating the remote control valve to the boom-up side and arm-in side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the control valve 4b2, 5a3 ports and 5b52, 4a4 ports and switches the boom (1) (2) and arm (1) (2) spools.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A1 enters the control valve PR (P1) port and is fed via the parallel oil path to the boom (2) and arm (1) spools.
Moving the arm subspool in the parallel oil path releases the restriction on flow to the arm and lets the oil flow through the arm (1) spool and into the arm cylinder bottom side.
At this time, it merges with the discharge oil from the arm (2) spool downstream of the arm (1) spool.
This makes arm-in operation movement smooth.
The arm cylinder rod side return oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the HBCV poppet, load holding valve poppet and the arm (1) spool.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port and is fed via the parallel oil path to the boom (1) spool.
This oil merges with the discharge oil from the boom (2) downstream of the boom (1) spool. Switching the spool lets the oil flow through the load holding valve poppet and into the boom cylinder bottom side and the boom-up operation is carried out.
The boom cylinder rod side return oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the boom (1) spool.
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By operating the remote control valve to the boom-down side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the control valve 4a2 port and switches the boom (1) spool to the down side.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port and is fed via the center bypass oil path to the boom (1) spool.
Switching the spool lets the oil flow into the boom cylinder rod side, and the boom-down operation is carried out.
The pilot pressure oil from the Ps2 port is fed to the load holding valve check. This opens the load holding valve poppet.
The pilot pressure oil flows into the HBCV PL port and switches the HBCV spool. This opens the HBCV poppet.
The pressure oil at the boom cylinder bottom side passes through the HBCV poppet, load holding valve poppet, and boom (1) spool and pushes open check A through the back pressure check valve and is regenerated on the cylinder rod side.
The lower the cylinder rod side load pressure, the greater the volume of regeneration. When the cylinder rod side load pressure becomes high, the check is closed and the cylinder bottom side return oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the boom (1) spool without regeneration. Because the circuit is configured in such a way that, even if the boom (1) spool is at full stroke, negative control pressure is generated by the center bypass bleed-off oil path and the pump does not discharge full flow, the shortfall is made up for with regeneration, and engine output can be used effectively.
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By operating the remote control valve all the way to the boom-down side at once, even if the boom spool goes its full stroke, negative control pressure is generated by the center bypass bleed-off oil path. Therefore, the circuit becomes such that the hydraulic pump does not discharge full flow and the generation of high pressure is restrained and main unit tilt is reduced. Since the shortfall in the oil volume is made up for with the regenerative circuit, the engine output can be used effectively.
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When the remote control valve boom operation lever is in neutral, the oil at the boom cylinder bottom side is sealed by the load holding valve check, reducing internal leakage from the main spool and reducing the natural drop of the boom.
By operating the remote control valve to the boom-down side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the control valve 4a2 port and switches the boom spool to the down side.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port and is fed via the parallel oil path to the boom (1).
Switching the spool lets the oil flow into the boom cylinder rod side, and the boom-down operation is carried out.
The boom cylinder bottom side pressure oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the load holding valve check and the boom (1) spool.
When the circuit has an HBCV, the pilot pressure is fed to the holding control valve (HBCV) and moves the HBCV spool.
In this way, the HBCV poppet spring chamber oil is connected to the tank line through the spool, the spring chamber pressure drops, and the HBCV poppet is opened.
The boom cylinder bottom side pressure oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the HBCV poppet, load holding valve poppet and the boom (1) spool.
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By operating the remote control valve to the arm-out side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the control valve 5a5 port and 4b4 port and switches the arm (1) (2) spools to the open side.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A1 enters the control valve PR (P1) port and is fed via the center bypass oil path to the arm (1) spool.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port, flows via the center bypass oil path and the arm (2) spool and merges downstream of the arm (1) spool.
Switching the arm spool lets the oil flow through the load holding valve check and into the arm cylinder rod side, the arm-out operation is carried out.
When the circuit has an HBCV, switching the arm spool lets the oil flow through the load holding valve check to push open the holding control valve (HBCV) poppet and flow into the rod side, the arm-out operation is carried out.
The arm cylinder bottom side return oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the arm (1) (2) spools.
Arm-in Load Holding Valve Circuit (with
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When the remote control valve arm operation lever is in neutral, the oil at the arm cylinder rod side is sealed by the load holding valve check, reducing internal leakage from the main spool and reducing the natural drop of the arm.
By operating the remote control valve to the arm-in side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the control valve 5b52 port and 4a4 port and switches the arm (1) (2) spools to the in side.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A1 enters the control valve PR (P1) port and is fed via the center bypass oil path to the arm (1) spool.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port, flows via the center bypass oil path and arm (2) downstream arm merge oil path, and merges downstream of the arm (1) spool.
Switching the arm spool lets the oil flow into the arm cylinder bottom side, and the arm-in operation is carried out.
At the same time, the pilot pressure oil from the Ps2 port operates on the load holding valve poppet and the poppet opens.
In this way, the load holding valve check spring chamber oil is connected to the tank line through the load holding valve poppet, the spring chamber pressure drops, and the load holding valve check is opened.
The pilot pressure oil separated from the 5b52 port is fed to the holding control valve (HBCV) PL port and moves the HBCV spool.
In this way, the HBCV poppet spring chamber oil is connected to the tank line through the HBCV spool, the spring chamber pressure drops, and the HBCV poppet is opened.
The arm cylinder rod side pressure oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the HBCV poppet, load holding valve poppet and the arm (1) spool.
By operating the remote control valve to the bucket-open side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the control valve 4b3 port and switches the bucket spool to the open side.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port and is fed via the center bypass oil path to the bucket spool.
Switching the spool lets the oil flow into the bucket cylinder rod side, and the bucket-open operation is carried out.
The bucket cylinder bottom side pressure oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the bucket spool.
By operating the remote control valve to the bucket-close side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve and 3 stack electromagnetic proportional valve to the control valve 4a3 port and switches the bucket spool to the close side.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port and is fed via the parallel oil path to the bucket spool.
Switching the spool lets the oil flow into the bucket cylinder bottom side and the bucket-close operation is carried out.
The bucket cylinder rod side pressure oil is metered by the bucket spool regeneration orifice. Through this, the return oil pushes open the check in the spool and is regenerated on the cylinder bottom side.
The lower the cylinder rod side load pressure, the greater the volume of regeneration. When the cylinder rod side load pressure becomes high, the check is closed and the cylinder bottom side return oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the bucket spool without regeneration.
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Purpose
Reduces back pressure while digging.
During a non-digging operation or compound operation, controls the system to secure pressure required for a compound operation.
Independent operation
By operating the remote control valve to the bucket-close side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the bucket spool control.
The oil is fed from the bucket spool control to the control valve 4a3 port and switches the bucket spool to the close side.
The bucket spool control operates according to the digging operation conditions.
→ The opening of the bucket spool changes according to the digging operation conditions.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port and flows via the center bypass oil path to the bucket spool.
Switching the bucket spool lets the oil flow into the bucket cylinder bottom side, and the bucket-close operation is carried out.
The bucket cylinder rod side return oil returns to the hydraulic tank through the bucket spool.
Compound operation (bucket close + boom up)
By operating the remote control valve to the bucket-close side, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the bucket spool control.
The oil is fed from the bucket spool control to the control valve 4a3 port and switches the bucket spool to the close side.
By operating the remote control valve to the boom-up side at the same time, the pilot pressure oil is fed via the cushion valve to the control valve 4b2 (5a3) port and switches the boom (1) (2) spools.
The discharge oil from the hydraulic pump A1 enters the control valve PR (P1) port and is fed via the parallel oil path to the boom (2) spool.
The discharge oil from hydraulic pump A2 enters the control valve PL (P2) port and is fed via the parallel oil path to the bucket spool.
The pressure oil that passes through the parallel oil path is fed to the boom (1) spool.
The pressure oil from the boom (2) spool merges downstream of the boom (1) spool. During a digging operation (compound operation), the bucket spool control operates.
→ The opening of the bucket spool changes according to the digging operation conditions.
Switching the bucket spool lets the oil flow into the bucket cylinder bottom side, and the bucket-close operation is carried out.
Switching the boom spool lets the oil flow into the boom cylinder rod side, and the boom-up operation is carried out.