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PART NO.

EDDE-EN-00

6HK1 TIER 2 ENGINE MANUAL

Engine Manual

6HK1

Tier 2

URL:http://www.hitachi-c-m.com

EDDE-EN-00

PRINTED IN JAPAN (K) 2012, 05

Service Manual consists of the following separate Part No. Technical Manual (Operational Principle) : Vol. No.TODDE-EN Technical Manual (Troubleshooting) : Vol. No.TTDDE-EN Workshop Manual : Vol. No.WDDE-EN Engine Manual : Vol. No.EDDE-EN

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 1

GENERAL INFORMATION

0A–1

GENERAL INFORMATION CONTENTS General Information. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A Service Information . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0B

GENERAL INFORMATION CONTENTS General Repair Instruction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-1 Illustration Arrows . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-2 Abbreviations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-3 Nut and Bolt Angular Tightening Method. . . . . . . . . 0A-4 Standard Bolt Torque Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-6 Recommended Thread Locking Agents . . . . . . . . . 0A-8 Main Data and Specifications. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-9 Performance Curve. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-11

External View Drawing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-12 Service Standard . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-13 Torque Specifications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-17 Special Tools. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-25 Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-26 Lubricant Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-36 Sealant Application . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0A-36

General Repair Instruction

12. When a service operation is completed, make a final check to be sure the service has been done properly and the problem has been corrected. 13. Allow the engine to cool before beginning any service procedure. This will eliminate the danger of fire and possible injury. 14. Hot steam under pressure may escape from the radiator if the coolant is drained while the engine is hot. This can result in serious burns. Allow the engine to cool before draining the coolant. 15. Hot engine oil can cause severe skin burns. Allow the engine to cool before draining the engine oil. 16. While working around a running engine, avoid contact with moving parts and hot surfaces to prevent injury. 17. Wear safety glasses when using compressed air. Flying particles may cause eye injury. 18. Always wear safety goggles when working with fuel to protect the eyes from fuel splash. 19. Test fluid from the injection nozzle tester will spray out of the injection nozzle under great pressure. It can easily puncture a person’s skin. Keep your hands away from the injection nozzle at all times. 20. Do not use your fingers to feel for fuel leaks at fittings. Fuel pressure is high enough to penetrate the skin. 21. Be careful when changing fuel system components: Diesel fuel is flammable. Be sure that the ignition key of OFF. Do not smoke or allow open flame in the area while changing fuel system components.

1. Before performing service operations, disconnect the ground cable from the battery to reduce the chance of cable damage and burning due to short circuiting. 2. Use a cover on body, seats and floor to protect them against damage and contamination. 3. Brake fluid and anti-freeze solution must be handled with care because they can cause paint damage. 4. The use of proper tools and special tools, where specified, is important for efficient and reliable performance of service repairs. 5. Use genuine Isuzu parts. 6. Used cotter pins, plastic clips, gaskets, O-rings oil seals, lock washers, and self-locking nuts should be discarded and new ones should be installed. Normal function of the parts cannot be maintained if these parts are reused. 7. To facilitate proper and smooth reassembly operation, keep disassembled parts neatly in groups. Keeping fixing nuts and bolts separate is very important, as they vary in hardness and design depending on position of installation. 8. Clean the parts before inspection or reassembly. Also clean oil ports, etc. using compressed air, and make certain they are free from restrictions. 9. Lubricate rotating and sliding faces of the parts with oil or grease before installation. 10. When necessary, use a sealer on gaskets to prevent leakage. 11. Carefully observe all specifications for nut and bolt torques.

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0A–2

GENERAL INFORMATION

Illustration Arrows Arrows help you to understand technical illustrations. Arrow Type

Application

Arrow Type

Application

Front of Engine

• Ambient/Clean air flow • Cool air flow

• Gas other than ambient air • Hot air flow

Task Related

• Ambient air mixed with another gas • Temperature change

View Detail

Direction

View Angle

Lubrication point (Oil or fluid)

Dimension (1:2)

Lubrication point (Grease)

Sectioning (1:3)

Lubrication point (Jelly)

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GENERAL INFORMATION

Abbreviations List of abbreviations which may be used in this manual A – Ampere(s) AC – Alternating Current ACL – Air Cleaner Adj – Adjust AMP – Ampere(s) ASM –Assembly ATDC – After Top Dead Center Auto – Automatic Bat – Battery B+ – Battery Positive Voltage BHP – Brake Horsepower BTDC – Before Top Dead Center °C – Degrees Celsius cc – Cubic Centimeter CID – Cubic Inch Displacement CO – Carbon Monoxide Conn – Connector Crank – Crankshaft Cu. In. – Cubic Inch Cyl – Cylinder(s) DOHC – Double Overhead Camshaft DTC – Diagnostic Trouble Code DTM – Diagnostic Test Mode DTT – Diagnostic Test Terminal ECM – Engine Control Module ECT – Engine Coolant Temperature EGR – Exhaust Gas Recirculation Exh – Exhaust °F – Degrees Fahrenheit FL – Fusible Link FLW – Fusible Link Wire FP – Fuel Pump FRT – Front ft – Foot Gal – Gallon GND – Ground Gov – Governor g – Gram Harn – Harness HC – Hydrocarbons HD – Heavy Duty Hg – Hydrargyrum (Mercury) IC – Integrated Circuit / Ignition Control ID – Identification / Inside Diameter IGN – Ignition INJ – Injection Int – Intake kg – Kilograms km – Kilometers km/h – Kilometer per Hour kPa – Kilopascals kV – Kilovolts (thousands of volts) kW – Kilowatts L – Liter lb ft – Foot Pounds

lb in – Inch Pounds LF – Left Front LH – Left Hand LR – Left Rear LS – Left Side L-4 – In-Line Four Cylinder Engine Max – Maximum Min – Minimum mm – Millimeter N – Newtons NA – Naturally Aspirated NC – Normally Closed N·m – Newton Meters NO – Normally Open NOX – Nitrogen oxides OD – Outside Diameter OHC – Overhead Camshaft PCV – Positive Crankcase Ventilation PRESS – Pressure PROM – Programmable Read Only Memory psi – Pounds per Square Inch PSP – Power Steering Pressure Pt. – Pint PWM – Pulse Width Modulate Qt. – Quart REF – Reference RF – Right Front RH – Right Hand RPM – Revolutions Per Minute RPM Sensor – Engine Speed Sensor RR – Right Rear RS – Right Side RTV –Room Temperature Vulcanizing SAE – Society of Automotive Engineers Sec – Secondary SI – System International SOHC – Single Overhead Camshaft Sol – Solenoid SPEC – Specification Speedo – Speedometer ST – Start / Scan Tool Sw – Switch SYN – Synchronize Tach – Tachometer TDC – Top Dead Center Term – Terminal TEMP – Temperature TURBO – Turbocharger V – Volt(s) VAC – Vacuum V-ref – ECM Reference Voltage VSS – Vehicle Speed Sensor VSV – Vacuum Switch Valve V-6 – Six Cylinder “Vee” Engine V-8 – Eight Cylinder “Vee” Engine W – Watt(s) w/ – With w/o – Without WOT – Wide Open Throttle

0A–3

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0A–4

GENERAL INFORMATION

Nut and Bolt Angular Tightening Method The angular tightening method uses the plastic region of high tensile steel nuts and bolts to precision tighten important engine fasteners. Because of the method's nature, there is a limit to the number of times a particular fastener may be reused. This limit is specified in this Manual where applicable. 1. Carefully wash the nuts and bolts to remove all oil and grease. 2. Apply a coat of molybdenum disulfide grease to the threads and setting faces of the nuts and bolts. 3. Tighten the nuts and bolts to the specified torque (snug torque) with a torque wrench. 4. Draw a line A–B across the center of each nut or bolt.

Line

F00EY00002

Center line

6. Draw another line F – G on the face of each of the parts to be clamped. This line will be in the direction of the specified angle Q across the center E of the nut or bolt.

Specified angle Q F F00EY00001

5. Draw another line C – D on the face of each of the parts to be clamped. This line should be an extension of the line A – B.

G Coincide line F00EY00003

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GENERAL INFORMATION 7. Use a socket wrench to tighten each nut or bolt to the point where the line A – B is aligned with the line F – G.

Tighten A

B F

F00EY00005

Example: Specified Angle and Tightening Rotation A B C D E

30° 60° 90° 180° 360°

1 / 12 of a turn 1 / 6 of a turn 1 / 4 of a turn 1 / 2 of a turn One full turn

A B C D E

F00EY00004

0A–5

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0A–6

GENERAL INFORMATION

Standard Bolt Torque Specifications The tightening torque values given in the table below are applicable to all bolts unless otherwise specified.

STANDARD BOLT

N·m (kgf·m/lb.ft)

Bolt Identification

Bolt Diameter × pitch (mm)

M6 × 1.0

4 – 8 (0.4 – 0.8/3 – 6)

5 – 10 (0.5 – 1.0/4 – 7)

M8 × 1.25

8 – 18 (0.8 – 1.8/6– 13)

12 – 23 (1.2 – 2.3/9 – 17)

17 – 30 (1.7 – 3.1/12 – 22)

M10 × 1.25

21 – 34 (2.1 – 3.5/5 – 25)

28 – 46 (2.8 – 4.7/20 – 33)

37 – 62 (3.8 – 6.4/28 – 46)

M10 × 1.5

20 – 33 (2.0 – 3.4/15 – 25)

28 – 45 (2.8 – 4.6/20 – 33)

36 – 60 (3.7 – 6.1/27– 44)

M12 × 1.25

49 – 74 (5.0 – 7.5/36 – 54)

61 – 91 (6.2 – 9.3/45 – 67)

76 – 114 (7.7 – 11.6/56 – 84)

M12 × 1.75

45 – 69 (4.6 – 7.0/33 – 51)

57 – 84 (5.8 – 8.6/42 – 62)

72 – 107 (7.3 – 10.9/53 – 79)

M14 × 1.5

77 – 115 (7.8 – 11.7/56 – 85)

93 – 139 (9.5 – 14.2/69 – 103)

114 – 171 (11.6 – 17.4/84 – 126)

M14 × 2.0

72 – 107 (7.3 – 10.9/53 – 79)

88 – 131 (9.0 – 13.4/65 – 97)

107 – 160 (10.9 – 16.3/79 – 118)

M16 × 1.5

104 – 157 (10.6 – 16.0/77 – 116)

135 – 204 (13.8 – 20.8/100 – 150)

160 – 240 (16.3 – 24.5/118 – 177)

M16 × 2.0

100 – 149 (10.2 – 15.2/74 – 110)

129 – 194 (13.2 – 19.8/96 – 143)

153 – 230 (15.6 – 23.4/113 – 169)

M18 × 1.5

151 – 226 (15.4 – 23.0/110 – 166)

195 – 293 (19.9 – 29.9/144 – 216)

230 – 345 (23.4 – 35.2/169 – 255)

M18 × 2.5

151 – 226 (15.4 – 23.0/110 – 166)

196 – 294 (20.0 – 30.0/145 – 217)

231 – 346 (23.6 – 35.5/171 – 255)

M20× 1.5

206 – 310 (21.0 – 31.6/152 – 229)

270 – 405 (27.5 – 41.3/199 – 299)

317 – 476 (32.3 – 48.5/234 – 351)

M20× 2.5

190 – 286 (19.4 – 29.2/140 – 211)

249 – 375 (25.4 – 38.2/184 – 276)

293 – 440 (29.9 – 44.9/216 – 325)

M22× 1.5

251 – 414 (25.6 – 42.2/185 – 305)

363 – 544 (37.0 – 55.5/268 – 401)

425 – 637 (43.3 – 64.9/313 – 469)

M22× 2.5

218 – 328 (22.2 – 23.4/161 – 242)

338 – 507 (34.5 – 51.7/250 – 374)

394 – 592 (40.2 – 60.4/291 – 437)

M24× 2.0

359 – 540 (36.6 – 55.0/265 – 398)

431 – 711 (43.9 – 72.5/318 – 524)

554 – 831 (56.5 – 84.7/409 – 613)

M24× 3.0

338 – 507 (34.5 – 51.7/250 – 374)

406 – 608 (41.4 – 62.0/299 – 448)

521 – 782 (53.1 – 79.7/384 – 576)

An asterisk (*) indicates that the bolts are used for female threaded parts that are made of soft materials such as cast iron.

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GENERAL INFORMATION

0A–7

The tightening torque values given in the table below are applicable to all bolts unless otherwise specified.

FLANGED HEAD BOLT

N·m (kgf·m/lb.ft)

Bolt Identification

Bolt Diameter × pitch (mm)

M6 × 1.0

5 – 9 (0.5 – 0.9/4 – 7)

6 – 12 (0.6 – 1.2/4 – 9)

M8 × 1.25

11 – 20 (1.1 – 2.0/8 – 15)

15 – 28 (1.6 – 2.9/12 – 21)

18 – 34 (2.1 – 3.4/15 – 25)

M10 × 1.25

23 – 39 (2.4 – 3.9/17 – 28)

35 – 59 (3.6 – 6.1/26 – 44)

42 – 71 (4.3 – 7.2/31 – 52)

M10 × 1.5

22 – 37 (2.3 – 3.8/17 – 28)

35 – 58 (3.5 – 5.8/25 – 42)

40 – 67 (4.1 – 6.8/30 – 49)

M12 × 1.25

55 – 82 (5.6 – 8.4/40 – 61)

77 – 117 (7.9 – 11.9/57 – 86)

85 – 128 (8.7 – 13.0/63 – 94)

M12 × 1.75

51 – 77 (5.2 – 7.8/38 – 56)

71 – 107 (7.3 – 10.9/53 – 79)

80 – 119 (8.1 – 12.2/59 – 88)

M14 × 1.5

83 – 125 (8.5 – 12.7/62 – 92)

115 – 172 (11.7 –17.6/85 – 127)

123 – 185 (12.6 – 18.9/91 – 137)

M14 × 2.0

77 – 116 (7.9 – 11.8/57 – 85)

108 – 162 (11.1 – 16.6/80 – 120)

116 – 173 (11.8 – 17.7/85 – 128)

M16 × 1.5

116 – 173 (11.8 – 17.7/85 – 128)

171 – 257 (17.4 – 26.2/126 – 190)

177 – 265 (18.0 – 17.1/130 – 196)

M16 × 2.0

109 – 164 (11.2 – 16.7/81 – 121)

163 – 244 (16.6 – 24.9/120 – 180)

169 – 253 (17.2 – 25.8/124 – 187)

A bolt with an asterisk (*) is used for female screws that are made of soft materials such as cast iron.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 8

0A–8

GENERAL INFORMATION

Recommended Thread Locking Agents LOCTITE Type

LOCTITE Color

LOCTITE 242

Blue

LOCTITE 262

Red

LOCTITE 271

Red

Application Steps 1. Completely remove all lubricant and moisture from the bolts and the female-threaded surfaces of the parts to be joined. The surfaces must be perfectly dry. 2. Apply LOCTITE to the bolts.

Apply LOCTITE to at least 1/3 of the bolt's threaded area

F00RW014

3. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. After tightening, be sure to keep the bolts free from vibration and torque for at least an hour until the LOCTITE hardens. NOTE: When the application procedures are specified in this manual, follow them.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 9

GENERAL INFORMATION

Main Data and Specifications ITEMS

6HK1

Engine type

Four cycle, water cooled, in-line, overhead camshaft direct injection

Combustion chamber

Open type in piston crown

Cylinder liner

Dry

Timing drive system

Gear drive

No. of cylinders – bore × stroke

mm (in)

No. of piston rings

6 – 115 × 125 (4.53 × 4.92) Four rings (Compression rings: 3, Oil ring: 1)

Total piston displacement

L (cid)

Compression ratio (to 1)

7.790 (475.4) 17.3

Compression pressure at 200 min–1 MPa (kg/cm2/psi)

3.24 (33/469) or more

Engine dimensions

mm (in)

1,332 × 995 × 1,143 (52.4 × 39.2 × 45.0)

Engine weight (Dry)

kg (lb)

650 (1,433)

Fuel injection order

1–5–3–6–2–4

Fuel injection timing (TDC)

deg

Specified fuel type

SAE No.2 diesel fuel min–1

1000

Intake

mm (in)

0.40 (0.016)

Exhaust

mm (in)

0.40 (0.016)

Idling speed Valve clearances Intake valves Exhaust valves

Open at (BTDC)

deg

Close at (ABDC)

deg

Open at (BBDC)

deg

Close at (ATDC)

deg

Injection pump

Bosch, in-line P-Type

Governor type

Mechanical

Injection nozzles

Multi-hole

Injection nozzle opening pressure MPa (kg/cm2/psi)

1st stage: 18.1 (185/2630) 2nd stage: 22.1 (225/3200)

Main fuel filter Lubrication system Lubrication method Specified engine oil (API grade) Oil pressure (at oil gallery) kPa (kg/cm2/psi)/min–1

Oil pump type

Paper element Full flow pressure circulation CD 290 – 490 (3.0 – 5.0/43–71)/2000 Condition: SAE 30 API CD grade engine oil at an oil temperature of 80°C (176°F) Gear (Timing gear drive)

0A–9

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0A–10

GENERAL INFORMATION ITEMS

6HK1

Relief valve opening pressure kPa (kg/cm2/psi) 780 (8.0/114) Oil pressure switch operating pressure kPa (kg/cm2/psi)

29 (0.3/4)

Main oil filter

Paper element

Bypass valve opening pressure kPa (kg/cm2/psi)

200 (2.0/28.4)

Oil volume

L (qts)

41 (43) with combined main and partial oil filter

Oil cooler

Plate type – Water cooled in water jacket

Cooling system

Pressured compulsory circulation water

Coolant volume

L (qts)

Water pump

14.5 (15.3) Centrifugal impeller, gear drive

Delivery volume Lit/min. (Imp. gal/US gal)

167 (37/44) Pump speed a 1,600 min-1

Thermostat

Wax pellet

Valve initial opening temperature

°C (°F)

AA-6HK1XQA AA-6HK1XQA-03

82 (180) 82 (180), with jiggle valve 76.5 (170), without jiggle valve

Valve lift

mm (in)

8 (0.315)

V–A

24 – 50

Air cleaner Alternator capacity Regulator

IC (Built-in)

Brush length

mm (in)

Brushless

Starter motor output

V – kW

24 – 5

Number of poles Turbocharger model Manufacturer

4 RHG 6 Ishikawajima-Harima Heavy Industries (IHI)

Note: Some values are different due to the difference of the models and the specifications.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 11

GENERAL INFORMATION

0A–11

Performance Curve 1. MODEL AA-6HK1XQA Condition Break-in period Cooling fan Alternator

Complete φ 850 No load

Air cleaner Exhaust silencer Ambient conditions

Not installed Not installed Standard

800

200

600 400

180

Torque (N·m)

1000

200

Power output (kW)

160

140

120

100

230 220

SFC (g/kWh)

240

210 40

1200

1400

1600

1800

2000

Engine speed (min-1) F06EY00111

Note: Some values are different due to the difference of the models and the specifications.

Crank pulley

Water pump

Injection pump

Oil level sensor

0 1 2 E Y 0 0 0 0 4

Oil port cover

Intake duct

DOM

Flywheel housing

Oil pan

Alternator

Inlet pipe

Owner's Manual

Oil drain plug

Turbocharger

Fan guide

210

Starter motor

Exhaust manifold

Fuel filter

F08EY00008 I/M 6HK1(H) 五面図

Oil dipstick

Flywheel

Cylinder head

300

Oil filler cap

Cooling fan

0A–12

Cylinder head cover

ENGINE EXTERNAL DRAWING MODEL AA-6HK1XQA

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 12

GENERAL INFORMATION

Note: Some components and shapes are different due to the difference of the models and the specifications.

012EY00004

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 13

GENERAL INFORMATION

0A–13

Service Standards ITEMS

SERVICE STANDARD

SERVICE LIMIT

mm (in)

0.05 (0.002) or less

0.20 (0.008) Do not regrind the lower face.

Intake

mm (in)

0.04 – 0.06 (0.0016 – 0.0024)

0.20 (0.008)

Exhaust

mm (in)

0.06 – 0.10 (0.0024 – 0.0039)

0.25 (0.010)

Intake

mm (in)

Exhaust

mm (in)

7.95 – 7.96 (0.3130 – 0.3134) 7.92 – 7.94 (0.3118 – 0.3126)

7.89 (0.3106) 7.89 (0.3106)

mm (in)

14.1 (0.56)

—

Intake

mm (in)

1.71 (0.067)

1.30 (0.051)

Exhaust

mm (in)

1.75 (0.069)

1.30 (0.051)

Intake

mm (in)

1.0 (0.039)

2.5 (0.098)

Exhaust

mm (in)

1.3 (0.051)

2.8 (0.110)

Intake

mm (in)

2.5 (0.098)

3.2 (0.126)

Exhaust

mm (in)

2.0 (0.079)

2.8 (0.110)

Cylinder Head Lower Face Warpage Valve Guide Valve Stem Clearance

Valve Stem Outside Diameter

Valve Guide Upper End Height Valve and Valve Seat Insert Valve Thickness

Valve Depression

Valve Contact Width

Valve Face Angle Intake

deg

—

Exhaust

deg

—

Valve Spring Spring Height Intake

mm (in)

65.9 (2.59)

64.6 (2.54)

Exhaust

mm (in)

68.1 (2.68)

66.7 (2.63)

Intake

mm (in)

2.9 (0.114)

3.4 (0.134)

Exhaust

mm (in)

3.0 (0.118)

3.4 (0.134)

N (kg / lb)

348 (35.5 / 78) / 46

Exhaust Valve Spring Tension / Compression Height N (kg / lb)

383 (39.0 / 86) / 46

Spring Squareness

Intake Valve Spring Tension / Compression Height

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 14

0A–14

GENERAL INFORMATION ITEMS

SERVICE STANDARD

SERVICE LIMIT

Rocker Arm Shaft and Rocker Arm Rocker Arm Shaft Run-Out

mm (in)

Rocker Arm Shaft Outside Diameter mm (in)

0.30 (0.012) 21.979 – 22.000 (0.865 – 0.866)

21.85 (0.860)

Rocker Arm Inside Diameter

mm (in)

22.010 – 22.035 (0.867 – 0.868)

Rocker Arm Shaft and Rocker Arm Clearance

mm (in)

0.010 – 0.056 (0.0004 – 0.0022)

0.20 (0.008)

0.068 – 0.099 (0.0027 – 0.0039)

0.50 (0.02)

Rocker Arm Pin and Roller Clearance mm (in) Valve Cap Worn

mm (in)

0.10 (0.004)

Camshaft Camshaft Journal Diameter

mm (in)

39.950 – 39.975 (1.5728 – 1.5738)

39.85 (1.5689)

Cam Lobe Height

Intake

mm (in)

7.851 (0.3091)

7.351 (0.2894)

Exhaust

mm (in)

9.540 (0.3756)

9.040 (0.3559)

mm (in)

0.025 (0.001)

0.05 (0.002)

mm (in)

40.00 – 40.037 (1.575 – 1.576)

mm (in)

0.025 – 0.087 (0.001 – 0.003)

0.15 (0.006)

Crankshaft End Play

mm (in)

0.040 – 0.205 (0.0026 – 0.008)

0.54 (0.021)

Crankshaft Run-Out

mm (in)

0.06 (0.002) or less

0.45 (0.016)

Camshaft Run-Out Camshaft Bearing Inside Diameter

Camshaft Bearing Clearance Crankshaft

Crankshaft Journal Diameter See section 6A crankshaft journal diameter in this manual. Crankshaft Journal and Bearing Clearance

mm (in)

No. 4 Bearing

0.093 – 0.124 (0.00366 – 0.00488)

0.14 (0.0055)

Other Bearings

0.063 – 0.094 (0.00248 – 0.00370)

0.14 (0.0055)

Crankshaft Journal and Crankpin Uneven Wear

mm (in)

0.05 (0.0020)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 15

GENERAL INFORMATION ITEMS

SERVICE STANDARD

SERVICE LIMIT

Piston and Piston Ring Piston Grade

Non

Cylinder Liner and Piston Clearance mm (in)

0.122 – 0.156

—

(0.0048 – 0.0061) Piston Ring and Piston Ring Groove Clearance

mm (in)

1st Compression Ring

0.057 – 0.097 (0.0022 – 0.0038)

0.20 (0.008)

2nd and 3rd Compression Ring

0.085 – 0.120 (0.0033 – 0.0047)

0.20 (0.008)

Oil Ring

0.02 – 0.06 (0.0008 – 0.0024)

0.15 (0.006)

1st Compression Ring

0.18 – 0.28 (0.0071 – 0.0110)

1.20 (0.047)

2nd and 3rd Compression Ring

0.35 – 0.50 (0.0138 – 0.0197)

1.20 (0.047)

Oil Ring

0.15 – 0.35 (0.0059 – 0.0138)

1.20 (0.047) 35.95 (1.4154)

Piston Ring Gap

mm (in)

Piston Pin Piston Pin Diameter

mm (in)

35.995 – 36.000 (1.4171 – 1.4173)

Piston Pin Hole Diameter

mm (in)

36.004 – 36.012 (1.4175 – 1.4178)

Piston Pin and Piston Pin Hole Clearance

mm (in)

0.004 – 0.017 (0.00016 – 0.00067)

Connecting Rod Alignment

mm (in)

0.05 (0.002) or less

Connecting Rod Small End Bushing Diameter

mm (in)

36.012 – 36.022 (1.4178 – 1.4182)

Piston Pin and Connecting Rod Small End Bushing Clearance

mm (in)

0.012 – 0.027 (0.00047 – 0.00106)

0.05 (0.002)

mm (in)

0.037 – 0.076 (0.0015 – 0.0030)

0.10 (0.004)

mm (in)

0.17 – 0.30 (0.0067 – 0.0118)

0.35 (0.014)

Connecting Rod 0.20 (0.008)

Crankpin and Bearing Clearance

Connecting Rod Big End and Crankpin Side Face Clearance

0A–15

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 16

0A–16

GENERAL INFORMATION ITEMS

SERVICE STANDARD

SERVICE LIMIT

Flywheel Flywheel Friction Surface Roughness mm (in)

Less than 0.05 (0.0020)

Idler Gear Idler Gear Shaft A Outside Diameter

mm (in)

49.950 – 49.975 (1.9665 – 1.9675)

49.90 (1.9646)

Idler Gear Shaft B and C Outside Diameter

mm (in)

29.959 – 29.980 (1.1795 – 1.1803)

29.9 (1.1772)

Idler Gear Shaft A and Idler Gear Clearance

mm (in)

0.025 – 0.075 (0.00098 – 0.00295)

Idler Gear Shaft B and C and Idler Gear Clearance

mm (in)

Idler Gear Backlash

mm (in)

0.020 – 0.062 (0.0008 – 0.0024) 0.10 – 0.17 (0.0039 – 0.0067)

0.20 (0.008) 0.30 (0.012)

Idler Gear End Play Gear A and B

mm (in)

0.08 – 0.140 (0.00315 – 0.0052) 0.07 – 0.135 (0.0027 – 0.0053)

0.20 (0.008) 0.20 (0.008)

0.125 – 0.221 (0.0049 – 0.0087) 0.064 – 0.109 (0.0025 – 0.0043) 15.989 – 16.000 (0.6295 – 0.6299)

0.221 (0.0087) 0.109 (0.0043) 15.9 (0.626) 0.07 (0.0028)

Gear C

mm (in)

Oil Pump Gear Teeth and Cover Inner Wall Clearance

mm (in)

Gear and Body Clearance

mm (in)

Gear Shaft Outside Diameter

mm (in)

Gear Shaft and Pump Body or Bushing Clearance

mm (in)

0.04 – 0.07 (0.0016 – 0.0028)

Drive Gear and Drive Gear Shaft Interference

mm (in)

0.015 – 0.044 (0.0006 – 0.0017)

Cylinder Block Cylinder Block Upper Face Warpage mm (in) Cylinder Liner Projection mm (in) Cylinder Block Bore and Cylinder Liner Outside Diameter Clearance

mm (in)

0.05 (0.002) or less 0.06 – 0.10 (0.0024 – 0.0039)

0.20 (0.008) —

0.001 – 0.029 (0.00004 – 0.0011)

—

Cylinder Liner Grade (Reference) See Section 6A (Cylinder liner grade selection & Clearance) in this manual.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 17

GENERAL INFORMATION

0A–17

Torque Specifications Auxiliary Parts

N·m (kgf·m/lb ft)

40(4.1/30) 97(9.9/72)

39(4.0/29) Cooling fan

40(4.1/30)

83(8.5/61)

40(4.1/30)

Starter

F06EY00104

Note: Some components and shapes are different due to the difference of the models and the specifications.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 18

0A–18

GENERAL INFORMATION

Engine External Parts

N·m (kgf·m/lb ft)

39(4.0/29)

19(1.9/14)

Fuel filter

Oil cooler

88(9.0/65) Coupling

39(4.0/29) Oil port cover

44(4.5/32) Injection pump 52(5.3/38) Turbocharger

F06EY00105

Note: Some components and shapes are different due to the difference of the models and the specifications.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 19

GENERAL INFORMATION

Cylinder Head

0A–19

N·m (kgf·m/lb ft)

13(1.3/9.4)

27(2.8/20)

56(5.7/41)

142(14.5/105)

27(2.8/20) 27(2.8/20)

12(1.2/8.7)

Apply engine oil 30(3.1/22)

M14: 98(10/72)}→147(15.0/108) →30°〜60° M10: 38(3.9/28)

Apply molybdenum disulfide grease

M14: Apply molybdenum disulfide grease M10: Apply engine oil

20(2.0/14)

Apply engine oil

Apply ThreeBond No1207B

Apply ThreeBond No1207C

52168A 01/01/10 一般輸 Workshop

F06EY00143

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 20

0A–20

GENERAL INFORMATION

Cylinder Head

N·m (kgf·m/lb ft)

Apply engine oil Apply engine oil

95(9.7/70)

48(4.9/35) 48(4.9/35)

15(1.5/11)

20(2.0/14) 19(1.9/14)

Apply engine oil 20(2.0/14)

52(5.3/38) 34(3.5/25)

54416A 01/6/28 DOM W k F06E100074 h M

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 21

GENERAL INFORMATION

Oil Pan

0A–21

N·m (kgf·m/lb ft)

24(2.4/17)

48(4.9/35)

25(2.5/18)

52168A

粟田

01/01/10

01/01/12 FS 一般輸出

Workshop ManualF06EY00144

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 22

0A–22

GENERAL INFORMATION

Timing Gears

N·m (kgf·m/lb ft)

Apply engine oil

Apply engine oil 29(3.0/22)→60-90° Apply molybdenum disulfide grease

Apply engine oil

24(2.4/17)

Apply engine oil

95(9.7/70)

Apply ThreeBond No.TB1201

Apply ThreeBond No TB1201

31(3.2/23)

Apply engine oil

78(8.0/58)→60°→60-90° Apply molybdenum disulfide grease 119(12.1/88)

54416A 01/6/28 DOM Workshop F 0 6 E 1 0 F06E100075

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 23

GENERAL INFORMATION

Water Pump

0A–23

N·m (kgf·m/lb ft)

39(4.0/29)

20(2.0/14) 240(24/174)

20(2.0/14)

52(5.3/38)

54416A

F06E100076

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 24

0A–24

GENERAL INFORMATION

Piston, Connecting Rod and Crankshaft

N·m (kgf·m/lb ft)

Apply ThreeBond No1207C

Apply molybdenum disulfide grease Apply engine oil

19(1.9/14) 39(4.0/29)→60 →30-60 Apply molybdenum 21(2.1/15)

disulfide grease

48(4.9/35)

200(20.4/148)

Apply engine oil

M14: 98(10.0/72)→132(13.5/98)→30-60° M10: 37(3.8/27) M14: Apply molybdenum disulfide grease

Apply ThreeBond No1207B

PAW0Z0LF001601

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 25

GENERAL INFORMATION

0A–25

Special Tools TOOL NO. TOOL NAME

ILLUSTRATION

TOOL NO. TOOL NAME

ILLUSTRATION

8-94396-858-0 Replacer; Slinger

8-94396-819-0 Installer; Crankshaft gear

901LX049

8-94396-856-0 Setting tool; Oil seal

5-88402-627-0 Installer; Cylinder head oil seal

5-8840-2621-0 Remover; Valve spring

5-8840-2623-0 Remover; Nozzle sleeve

5-8840-2628-0 Remover/Installer; Valve guide

5-8840-2624-0 Installer; Nozzle sleeve

1-85221-029-0 Setting tool; Piston ring

5-8840-2626-0 Installer; Bridge guide

8-94396-818-0 Remover; Crankshaft gear

5-8840-2625-0 Installer; Valve guide oil seal

901MW002

011EY00037

901MX007

901LX048

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 26

0A–26

GENERAL INFORMATION

Troubleshooting 1. Hard starting Condition

Possible Cause

Starter motor does not turn over Loose battery cable terminals Poor battery connections due to rusting

Starter motor operates but engine does not turn over

Engine turns over but does not start

Battery discharged or weak Fusible link shorted Defective starter switch or starter relay Defective magnetic switch of starter motor or starter relay Defective starter motor Loose battery cable terminals Poor battery connections due to rusting Battery discharged or weak Loose fan belt Defective starter motor pinion gear Defective magnetic switch of the starter motor Worn starter motor Weak brush spring Piston,crank bearing seizure,or other damage Air in the fuel system Defective engine stop mechanism Control wire improperly adjusted Fuel tank is empty Clogged or damaged fuel lines Loose fuel line connections Clogged fuel filter element Fuel feed pump strainer is clogged Defective feed pump Poor return of the engine stop button Use of the wrong fuel Water particles in the fuel Air in the injection pump Injection nozzle sticking Injection nozzle starting pressure too low Improper spray condition Improper injection pump control rack operation Injection pump plunger worn or stuck Injection pump camshaft seizure or other damage

Correction Clean and/or retighten the battery cable terminals Recharge or replace the battery Replace the fusible link Replace the starter switch or starter relay Repair or replace the magnetic switch or starter relay Repair or replace the starter motor Clean and/or retighten the battery cable terminals Recharge or replace the battery Adjust the fan belt tension Replace pinion gear Repair or replace the magnetic switch Replace the brush and /or brush spring Repair or replace the related parts Bleed air from the fuel system Replace the engine stop mechanism Adjust the control wire Fill the fuel tank Repair or replace the fuel lines Retighten the fuel line connections Replace the fuel filter element or cartridge Clean the fuel pump strainer Repair or replace the feed pump Completely return the engine stop button Use the recommended fuel Change fuel Bleed air from the fuel system Replace the injection nozzle Adjust or replace the injection nozzle

Repair or replace the injection pump control rack Replace the injection pump plunger assembly Replace the injection pump camshaft

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 27

GENERAL INFORMATION

0A–27

2. Unstable Idling Condition

Possible Cause

Trouble in the engine stop Poor return of the engine stop button mechanism Trouble in the fuel system

Correction Completely return the engine stop button

Fuel system leakage or blockage

Repair or replace the fuel system

Air in the fuel system

Bleed the air from the fuel system

Water particles in the fuel

Replace fuel

Clogged fuel filter element

Replace the fuel filter element or cartridge

Injection nozzle sticking

Replace the injection nozzle

Injection nozzle starting pressure too low

Adjust or replace the injection nozzle

Improper spray condition

Trouble in the valve gear train Low compression pressure

Defective delivery valve resulting in fuel drippage after fuel injection

Replace the delivery valve

Injection timing improperly adjusted

Adjust the injection timing

Insufficient injection volume

Adjust the injection volume

Broken plunger spring of the injection pump

Replace the plunger spring

Worn plunger of the injection pump

Replace the plunger assembly

Worn camshaft of the injection pump

Replace the camshaft

Worn roller tappet of the injection pump

Replace the roller tappet

Valve clearance improperly adjusted

Adjust the valve clearance

Worn camshaft

Replace the camshaft

Blown out cylinder head gasket

Replace the related parts

Worn cylinder liner Piston ring sticking or broken Improper seating between the valve and valve seat

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 28

0A–28

GENERAL INFORMATION

3. Insufficient Power Condition

Possible Cause

Correction

Trouble in the air intake system

Clogged air cleaner element

Clean or replace the air cleaner element

Trouble in the fuel system

Water particles in fuel system

Replace fuel

Clogged fuel filter element

Replace the fuel filter element or cartridge

Clogged strainer or defective fuel feed pump

Repair or replace the feed pump

Injection nozzle sticking

Replace the injection nozzle

Injection nozzle starting pressure too low

Adjust or replace the injection nozzle

Improper spray condition

Adjust or replace the injection nozzle

Fuel injection pipes damaged or obstructed

Replace the injection pipes

Defective delivery valve

Replace the delivery valve

Injection timing improperly adjusted

Adjust the injection timing Repair or replace the timing advancer

Worn plunger of the injection pump

Replace the plunger assembly

Worn camshaft of the injection pump

Replace the camshaft

Trouble in the turbocharger Exhaust gas leakage from the exhaust system system Air leakage from the intake system Low compression pressure

Repair or replace the related parts Repair or replace the related parts

Defective turbocharger assembly

Replace the turbocharger assembly

Blown out cylinder head gasket

Replace the related parts

Worn cylinder liner Piston ring sticking or broken Improper seating between the valve and valve seat Trouble in the valve gear train

Trouble in the intercooler

Valve clearance improperly adjusted

Adjust the valve clearance

Worn camshaft lobe

Replace the camshaft

Valve spring weak or broken

Replace the valve spring

Clogged intercooler

Clean the intercooler

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 29

GENERAL INFORMATION

0A–29

4. Excessive Fuel Consumption Condition

Possible Cause

Correction

Fuel leakage

Repair or replace the fuel system related parts

Injection nozzle starting pressure too low

Adjust or replace the injection nozzle

Improper spray condition

Adjust or replace the injection nozzle

Injection timing improperly adjusted

Adjust the injection timing

Trouble in the air intake system

Clogged air cleaner element

Clean or replace air cleaner element

Improper idle speed

Poorly adjusted idling speed

Adjust idling speed

Trouble in the cooling system

Defective thermostat

Replace

Trouble in the fuel system

Trouble in the lubricating system Improper engine oil viscosity Trouble in turbocharger system

Low compression pressure

Replace engine oil

Air leakage from the turbocharger intake Repair the turbocharger intake side side Defective turbocharger assembly

Replace the turbocharger assembly

Blown out cylinder head gasket

Replace the related parts

Worn cylinder liner Piston ring sticking or broken Improper seating between the valve and valve seat. Trouble in the valve gear train

Valve clearance improperly adjusted

Adjust the camshaft

Worn camshaft lobe

Replace the camshaft

Valve spring weak or broken

Replace the valve spring

5. Excessive Oil Consumption Condition

Possible Cause

Trouble in the lubricating system Engine oil unsuitable

Correction Replace engine oil

Too much engine oil

Correct engine oil volume

Leakage

Oil leakage from the oil seal and/or gasket

Replace the oil seal and/or gasket

Oil leaking into the combustion chamber due to poor seal in the valve system

Worn valve stems and valve guides

Replace the intake and exhaust valves and valve guides

Worn valve stem oil seal

Replace the oil seal

Improper sealing

Worn or broken seal ring in the turbocharger

Replace the seal ring

Low compression pressure

Blown out cylinder head gasket

Replace the related parts

Worn cylinder liner Piston ring sticking or broken Improper seating between the valve and valve seat. Poor engine ventilation

Clogged air breather

Clean the air breather

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 30

0A–30

GENERAL INFORMATION

6. Engine Cooling Trouble Condition Overheating

Possible Cause

Correction

Insufficient coolant

Replenish coolant

Defective pressure cap or clogged radiator core

Replace the radiator pressure cap or clean radiator core

Defective water pump

Repair or replace the water pump

Defective sealing cap resulting in the cooling water leakage

Replace the sealing cap

Defective thermostat

Replace the thermostat

Cooling system clogged by foreign material

Remove foreign material from the cooling system

Fuel injection timing improperly adjusted

Adjust the fuel injection timing

7. White Exhaust Smoke Condition Trouble in the fuel system Low compression pressure

Possible Cause

Correction

Water particles in fuel

Replace the fuel

Retarded fuel injection timing

Adjust the fuel injection timing

Blown out cylinder head gasket

Replace the related parts

Worn cylinder liner Piston ring sticking or broken Improper seating between the valve and valve seat. Trouble in the cooling system

Defective thermostat

Replace the thermostat

Trouble in the turbocharger system

Defective turbocharger

Repair or replace

8. Black Exhaust Smoke Condition

Possible Cause

Correction

Trouble in the fuel system

Clogged air cleaner element

Clean or replace the air cleaner element

Trouble in the fuel injection system

Injection nozzle starting pressure tool low

Adjust or replace the injection nozzle

Improper spray condition

Trouble in the valve train

Advanced fuel injection timing

Adjust the fuel injection timing

Excessive injection volume

Adjust the injection volume

Worn camshaft lobe

Replace the camshaft

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 31

GENERAL INFORMATION

0A–31

9. Lubrication Problems Condition Oil pressure does not rise

Possible Cause

Correction

Improper engine oil viscosity

Replace the engine oil

Insufficient engine oil

Add engine oil

Defective oil pressure gauge or unit

Repair or replace the oil pressure gauge or unit

Clogged oil filter element

Replace the oil filter element or cartridge

Relief valve sticking and/or weak bypass valve spring

Replace the relief valve and/or by-pass valve spring

Clogged oil pump strainer

Clean the oil pump strainer

Worn oil pump related parts

Replace the oil pump related parts

Worn rocker arm bushing

Replace the rocker arm bushing

Worn camshaft and camshaft bearing

Replace the camshaft and camshaft bearing

Worn crankshaft and bearings

Replace the crankshaft and/or bearing

Oiling jet valve does not close

Replace the oiling jet

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 32

0A–32

GENERAL INFORMATION

10. Abnormal Engine Noise Start the engine and allow it to warm up before beginning the troubleshooting procedure. Condition Engine knocking

Possible Cause

Correction

Use of wrong fuel

Use correct fuel

Fuel injection timing improperly adjusted

Adjust the injection timing

Improper injection nozzle starting pressure

Adjust or replace the injection nozzle

Improper spray condition

Gas leakage noise

Broken piston ring resulting in low compression pressure

Replace the piston ring

Defective fuel injection nozzle resulting in fuel drippage after fuel injection

Replace the fuel injection nozzle

Loosely connected exhaust pipes

Tighten the exhaust pipe connections

Broken exhaust pipes

Replace the exhaust pipes

Loose injection nozzles and/or glow plugs

Tighten the injection nozzles and/or glow plugs Replace the washers

Continuous noise

Slapping noise

Loosely connected exhaust manifold

Tighten the exhaust manifold connections

Damaged cylinder head gasket

Replace the cylinder head gasket

Loose fan belt

Readjust the belt tension

Loose cooling fan

Retighten cooling fan

Worn or damaged water pump bearing

Replace the water pump bearing

Worn or damaged alternator bearing

Replace the alternator bearing

Valve clearance improperly adjusted

Adjust the valve clearance

Valve clearance improperly adjusted

Adjust the valve clearance

Damaged rocker arm

Replace the rocker arm

Worn or damaged crankshaft and/or thrust bearings

Replace the crankshaft and/or thrust bearings

Worn or damaged crankshaft and/or connecting rod bearings

Replace the crankshaft and/or connecting rod bearings

Worn or damaged connecting rod bushing and piston pin

Replace the connecting rod bushing and/or piston pin

Worn or damaged piston and cylinder liner

Replace the piston and cylinder liner

Foreign material in the cylinder

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 33

GENERAL INFORMATION

0A–33

11. Alternator Condition Battery dead

Battery overcharged

Flashing charge light or fluctuating ammeter indication

Charge light on but dim during operation

Alternator noise

Charge circuit fuse blown

Possible Cause

Correction

Loose alternator drive belt

Adjust

Low battery fluid

Replenish

Defective battery terminals

Replace

Blown fuse

Replace

Poor contact between the fuse holder and fuse

Repair

Low battery fluid specific gravity

Adjust

Broken or poorly connected starter switch and regulator terminal wire

Repair

Broken or poorly connected regulator terminal and alternator terminal wire

Repair

Defective alternator ground circuit

Repair

Defective voltage regulator

Replace

Defective diode

Replace

Grounded or broken alternator stator coil

Repair or replace

Broken rotor coil

Replace

Excessive electrical load

Check the alternator output at normal operating speed

Poor connections or open circuit

Correct

Poor ground connection of voltage regulator

Correct

Voltage set of regulator too high

Replace

Defective voltage regulator

Replace

Loose belt

Adjust

Defective starter switch contacts

Replace

Broken or poorly connected wiring

Replace or reconnect

Loose starter switch terminal wiring

Retighten

Excessive resistance of alternator and fuse holder terminal wire

Replace the wire with a larger one

Defective starter switch contacts

Replace

Defective alternator bearing

Replace or regrease

Exposed stator coil wires

Replace

Short circuit of the stator coil

Replace

Grounded terminal wiring

Repair

Defective alternator end flame diode

Replace the end flame assembly

Out of voltage regulator adjustment

Replace

Reversed battery connections

Correct

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 34

0A–34

GENERAL INFORMATION

12. Starter Motor Condition Starter and magnetic switch does not operate

Magnetic switch operates but the starter does not turn

Starter runs slowly

Starter operates but the engine does not start

Abnormal operating noise

Possible Cause

Correction

Low battery fluid level

Replenish

Low battery specific gravity

Recharge or replace

Poor battery switch contacts

Replace

Defective starter switch

Replace

Defective magnetic switch pull-in coil and plunger

Replace

Broken armature coil

Replace

Broken field coil

Replace

Broken magnetic switch

Replace

Broken holding coil

Replace

Low battery fluid level

Replenish

Low battery specific gravity

Recharge or replace

Poor starting circuit contacts

Repair

Poor contacts of magnetic switch terminal

Replace

Worn brushes

Replace

Shorted armature

Repair or replace

Bad contact of magnetic terminal circuit switches

Repair

Excessive brush wear

Replace

Shorted starter motor armature

Repair or replace

Pinion and ring gear not engaged

Repair or replace the running clutch and driving lever

Overrunning clutch slippage

Replace

Excessive brush wear

Replace

Excessive bushing wear

Replace

Excessive pinion gear wear

Replace overrunning clutch and pinion gear

Rough sliding action pinion gear

Lubricate or replace the overrunning clutch

Excessive ring gear wear

Replace overrunning clutch and ring gear

Excessive brush wear

Replace

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 35

GENERAL INFORMATION

13. Turbocharger Condition Engine has less than normal power

Blue or black smoke

Excessive oil consumption

Excessive turbocharger noise

Excessive rotating part wear

Possible Cause Restricted air cleaner Restricted intake pipe and hose Loose connection of the turbocharger inlet and outlet Restricted exhaust and silencers Restricted air breather Compressor wheel damage Turbine wheel damage Carbon build-up on the turbine wheel Dragging or seized rotating assembly Restricted air cleaner Leakage from turbocharger oil seal Restricted turbocharger oil drain pipe Restricted air breather Compressor wheel damage Turbine wheel damage Restricted center housing oil drain passage Restricted air breather Leakage from turbocharger oil seal Compressor wheel damage Turbine wheel damage Excessive oil pressure Restricted center housing oil drain passage Restricted intake and exhaust system joints Damaged intake and exhaust system gaskets Rough rotation of turbocharger parts Compressor wheel rubbing against housing Damaged compressor wheel Turbine wheel rubbing against housing Damaged turbine wheel Carbon build-up on the turbine wheel Low engine oil level Contaminated oil Restricted turbocharger oil feed pipe Carbon build-up on the turbine housing Dirty compressor housing Worn turbine shaft bearings Contaminated engine oil Wrong grade or type of engine oil Restricted turbocharger oil feed pipe Defective turbocharger oil seal Restricted center housing oil drain passage Turbine shaft sludge and/or coking Inadequate oil supply

Correction Clean or replace Clean or replace Repair Repair Clean or replace Replace Replace Replace Replace Clean or replace Replace Repair or replace Clean Replace Replace Clean or replace Clean Replace Replace Replace Repair Clean or replace Repair Repair Replace Replace Replace Replace Replace Clean or replace Correct Replace oil Repair or replace Clean Clean Replace Change Change Clean or replace Replace Clean or replace Replace Correct

0A–35

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0A 2011.8.10 1:37 PM ページ 36

0A–36

GENERAL INFORMATION

Lubricant Application Name of Lubricant Engine Oil

Lubrication area Turbocharger bearings Cylinder head bolts (M10 bolt) Rocker arm rollers Camshaft cam nose and journal Camshaft fixing bolts and stud bolts Valve ends Oil seal lips Idle gear shaft & fixing bolts Cylinder liner bores Connecting rod bearing sliding surfaces Crank bearing sliding surfaces Thrust bearings Piston rings

Molybdenum disulfide grease

Cylinder head bolts Crankcase fixing bolts Flywheel bolts Connecting rod bolts Piston skirts

Sealant Application Location Name of part

Name of mating part

Rubber plug

Cylinder head & cover

Crankcase

Cylinder block

Oil cooler

Cylinder block

Flywheel housing

Cylinder block

Front cover

Water pump

Front cover

Oil pump

Cylinder block

Name of sealant ThreeBond No. 1207B

ThreeBond No. 1207C or No.1216C

ThreeBond No. 1207C or TB1141E

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0B 2011.8.5 2:53 PM ページ 1

SERVICE INFORMATION

0B–1

GENERAL INFORMATION SERVICE INFORMATION CONTENTS Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0B-1 Lubrication System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0B-2 Fuel System. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0B-2 Cooling System . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0B-6

Valve Clearance Adjustment . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0B-6 Compression Pressure Measurement . . . . . . . . . . . 0B-8 Recommended Lubricants . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0B-9 Engine Oil Viscosity Chart . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 0B-9

Identification Engine Serial Number The engine serial number is stamped on the front of the cylinder block.

Engine model & serial No.

Engine model

Serial number

6HK1

000000

F06EY00016

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0B 2011.8.5 2:53 PM ページ 2

0B–2

SERVICE INFORMATION

Lubrication System Oil filter replacement The oil filter is mounted on the equipment side. 1. Set a filter wrench to the cartridge and remove the oil filter. Discard the used cartridge. 2. Before installing the new oil filter, apply engine oil to the gasket of the cartridge. 3. Turn the oil filter until the filter gasket comes in contact with its sealed face. 4. Use the filter wrench to turn in the oil filter an additional one full turn.

2. Before installing a new fuel filter, apply fuel to the gasket of the cartridge. 3. Turn the fuel filter until the filter gasket comes in contact with the sealed face. 4. Use the filter wrench to turn in the fuel filter an additional 2/3 of a turn.

Cartridge

Set the filter wrench here

NOTE: Be careful not to spill the fuel remaining in the fuel filter when the filter is removed. After changing the fuel filter element, conduct fuel air bleeding and check for fuel leaks.

Injection Timing Adjustment 050EY00063

Injection Timing Inspection

Fuel System

1. Disconnect the negative battery cable. 2. Rotate the crankshaft in the normal direction of engine rotation to align the injection timing mark on the damper with the timing pointer on the front cover. • Injection Timing (Static-TDC): 9 degree

Fuel filter replacement procedure 1. Use a filter wrench to remove the cartridge. Discard the used cartridge.

Cartridge

Pointer Set the filter wrench here

Drain plug

041EY00019

020EY00006

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0B 2011.8.5 2:53 PM ページ 3

SERVICE INFORMATION

0B–3

3. Check that the timing advancer notched line is aligned with the injection pump notched line. If the notched lines are out of alignment, the injection timing must be adjusted.

040EY00013

040EY00016

Injection Timing Adjustment 1. Rotate the crankshaft in the normal direction of engine rotation until the timing mark on the timing advancer can be seen. 2. Align the injection timing mark on the damper with the pointer on the front cover.

4. Move the timing advancer to the correct timing. 5. Tighten the two coupling bolts. Torque: 88 N·m (9.0 kgm) 6. Rotate the crankshaft two turns in the normal direction of engine rotation. 7. Verify the new setting is the correct injection timing. 8. Connect the negative battery cable.

Pointer

040EY00016

020EY00006

3. Loosen the two coupling bolts.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0B 2011.8.5 2:53 PM ページ 4

0B–4

SERVICE INFORMATION

Injection Nozzle Opening Pressure and Spray Condition Check 1. Use an injection nozzle tester to check the nozzle opening pressure. If the opening pressure is above or below the specified value, the injection nozzle must be replaced or adjusted. Refer to “Adjustment of Injection Nozzle Opening Pressure.” Injection Nozzle Opening Pressure: 1st stage: 18.1 MPa (185 kg/cm2 / 2630 psi) 2nd stage: 22.1 MPa (225 kg/cm2 / 3200 psi)

040EY00030

Nozzle holder

Nozzle tester

Injection Nozzle Adjustment Refer to “Injection Nozzle” in this manual.

040MV030

WARNING: Test fluid from the injection nozzle tester will spray out of the injection nozzle under great pressure. It can easily puncture a person’s skin. Keep your hands away from the injection nozzle at all times. 2. Check the spray condition. If the spray condition is bad, the injection nozzle must be replaced or reconditioned. (1) Correct (2) Incorrect (Restrictions in orifice) (3) Incorrect (Dripping)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0B 2011.8.5 2:53 PM ページ 5

SERVICE INFORMATION

0B–5

Air Bleeding

Feed pump strainer

When the fuel filters are serviced or the fuel tank emptied, air enters the fuel system. The air will block the smooth flow of fuel to the engine. It must be removed by bleeding the fuel system. 1. Loosen the priming pump cap. 2. Manually operate the priming pump (1) to force fuel into the injection pump.

1. Remove the joint bolt (feed pump intake side). 2. Remove the strainer by turning it counterclockwise. 3. Clean the strainer. 4. Reinstall the strainer and joint bolt. 5. Bleed the fuel system (refer to the previous item).

040EY00011

1 042EY00016

3. Use a wrench to loosen the air plug (2) on the fuel filter. 4. Operate the priming pump until there are no bubbles in the fuel being discharged from the air plug (the fuel is discharged in a solid stream). 5. Tighten the priming pump cap and the air plug.

Fuel tank draining 1. Remove the drain plug at the bottom of the fuel tank. 2. Allow sufficient time for the sediment and water to drain completely. 3. Reinstall the drain plug.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0B 2011.8.5 2:53 PM ページ 6

0B–6

SERVICE INFORMATION

Cooling System

Valve Clearance Adjustment

Fan Belt Inspection

The following instructions assume that valve clearance is adjusted beginning with the No. 1 piston at top dead center (TDC) on the compression stroke. Check the alignment timing mark between the timing advancer and the mark line on the injection pump body. If the timing marks are aligned, the No. 1 piston is at TDC on the compression stroke. Valve clearance must be adjusted when the engine is cold. When removing the head cover, wipe off spilled oil with a rag. 1. Bring the piston in the No. 1 or No. 6 cylinder to the top dead center on the compression stroke by turning the crankshaft until the T.D.C. line on the damper is aligned with the timing pointer on the front cover. Check the rocker arm shaft bracket nuts for looseness and retighten as necessary before adjusting the valve clearance.

Check the drive belt tension. Depress the drive belt mid-portion with a 100 N (10kg/22 lb) force. Drive Belt Deflection Single belt: 8 – 11 mm (0.31 – 0.43 in) Scrum belt: 6 – 8 mm (0.23 – 0.31 in)

Water pump Alternator

Crankshaft

Pointer 033EY00004

Check the drive belts for cracking and other damage.

020EY00006

033EY00009

2. Check that the No. 1 intake and exhaust rocker arms have play. If they have play, it indicates that the No. 1 piston is at TDC (Top Dead Center) on the compression stroke. If the No. 1 exhaust valves are depressed, the No. 6 piston is at TDC on the compression stroke. 3. Adjust valve clearances for the No. 1 or No. 6 cylinder which its piston is at TDC on compression stroke. 1. Loosen each adjusting screw on the bridge and rocker arm.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0B 2011.8.5 2:53 PM ページ 7

SERVICE INFORMATION Valve Clearance: 0.4 mm (0.0016 in) 2. Insert a feeler gauge between the rocker arm and the bridge and adjust the valve clearance by turning the adjusting screw on the rocker arm until there is a sight drag on the feeler gauge. Tighten the lock nut securely.

0B–7

4. In this condition, the opposite end of the bridge is raised. Readjust by loosening the adjusting screw on the bridge until there is a slight drag on the feeler gauge. Tighten the lock nut securely.

No.1 cylinder T. D. C. (compression stroke)

1 I

2 E

3 E

4 E

5 E

6 E

Front

014EY00178

014MV001

4. Rotate the crankshaft 360 degrees and realign the T.C. mark on the flywheel with the pointer. Adjust clearance for remaining valves. The “●” mark in the illustration indicates the cylinders and valves to be adjusted.

Gauge

No.6 cylinder T. D. C. (compression stroke)

1 I

2 E

3 E

4 E

5 E

6 E

Front 014MX032

3. With a feeler gauge inserted, screw in the adjusting screw on the bridge gradually until it touches the end of the valve stem. Make sure that the movement of the feeler gauge becomes stiff.

014EY00179

NOTE: Be sure to move the No. 1 cylinder to TDC on the compression stroke after completing the valve clearance adjustment procedure. Torque: 22 N·m (2.2 kg·m/16 lb·ft) Rocker Arm Adjusting Screw Nut Torque: 22 N·m (2.2 kg·m/16 lb·ft) Bridge Adjusting Screw Nut

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0B 2011.8.5 2:53 PM ページ 8

0B–8

SERVICE INFORMATION

Intake and Exhaust Valve Arrangement Cylinder No.

Valve Names

No. 1 cyl. at TDC on compression

●

E ●

No. 6 cyl. at TDC on compression I : Intake valve.

E: Exhaust valve

Compression Pressure Measure To measure the compression pressure, the engine must be cold. Engine coolant temperature should be at 20°C. Battery and starter motor condition must be normal. 1. Remove the glow plug and the injection fuel pipe from each cylinder. 2. Install the compression gauge adapter 5-8840-26220 to the glow plug installation hole. 3. Install the compression gauge to the compression gauge adapter.

040EY00003

4. Crank the engine with starter motor (about 200 min–1) and take the compression gauge reading. 5. Repeat the procedure (Steps 2 to 4) for the remaining cylinders. Compression Pressure Standard : 3.24 MPa (33 kg/cm2 / 470 psi) Limit : 2.26 MPa (23.0 kg/cm2 / 327 psi) Compression pressure should be approximately the same for each cylinder. A variation exceeding 200 kPa (2.0 kg/cm2 / 28 psi) is unacceptable.

I ●

4 E

●

5 E

6 E

●

● ●

●

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0B 2011.8.5 2:53 PM ページ 9

SERVICE INFORMATION

0B–9

Recommended Lubricants ENGINE TYPE

TYPE OF LUBRICANT (API)

With or without turbocharger

Diesel engine oil CD grade

Engine Oil Viscosity Chart

ENGINE OIL VISCOSITY GRADE-AMBIENT TEMPERATURE [Single grade]

SAE 20,20W SAE 30

SAE 10W Ambient temperature [Multi-grade]

-30ºC (-22ºF)

-15ºC (0ºF)

SAE 40,50

-0ºC (32ºF)

15ºC (60ºF)

25ºC 30ºC (80ºF) (90ºF)

SAE 10W-30 SAE 15W-40,20W-40,20W-50

F00EY00006

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC0B 2011.8.5 2:53 PM ページ 10

MEMO

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 1

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–1

ENGINE CONTENTS Engine Mechanical . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A Engine Cooling . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6B Engine Fuel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C

Starting and Charging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6D3 Engine Lubrication. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G Engine Induction. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6J

ENGINE MECHANICAL CONTENTS Service Precautions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-2 General Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-2 Engine Cleanliness and Care . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-2 Engine Service . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-2 Engine Components . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-2 Turbocharger . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-4 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-4 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-4 Exhaust Manifold . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-5 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-5 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-5 Intake Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-7 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-7 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-7 Water Pump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-9 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-9 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-11 Alternator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-13 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-13 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-13 Injection Pump. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-14 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-14 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-16 Bearing Case. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-18 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-18 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-18 Oil Cooler. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-20 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-20 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-20 Rocker Arm and Shaft Assembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-23 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-23 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-24 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-27 Inspection and Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-28 Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-31 Camshaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-32 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-32 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-33 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-36 Inspection and Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-37 Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-38 Cylinder Head . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-39 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-39

Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-41 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-45 Inspection and Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-48 Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-54 Crank Pulley and Flywheel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-62 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-62 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-63 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-64 Inspection and Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-64 Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-64 Timing Gears . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-66 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-66 Inspection and Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-67 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-68 Flywheel Housing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-71 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-71 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-72 Oil Pan. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-76 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-76 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-77 Front Cover . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-78 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-78 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-79 Piston. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-82 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-82 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-83 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-85 Inspection and Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-86 Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-91 Crankshaft . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-94 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-94 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-96 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-100 Inspection and Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-101 Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-104 Cylinder Block . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-106 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-106 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-107 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-108 Inspection and Repair. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-109 Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6A-112

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 2

6A–2

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Service Precautions • Be sure to use the correct fastener in the proper location. If a used fastener is replaced with a new one, the new fastener must be identical to the previous one. • Some fasteners must always be replaced with new ones following removal. These fasteners are specified in this Manual. • Some fasteners require thread locker or thread sealant. These fasteners are specified in this Manual. • Supplemental fastener coatings (paint, grease, or corrosion inhibitor) affect fastener torque and clamping force. They may damage the fastener. Do not use them unless specifically called for. • Tighten all fasteners to the specified torque. If there is a tightening sequence, follow it exactly.

General Description Engine Cleanliness and Care An industrial engine is a combination of many machines that have been honed and polished. Tolerances are measured in 1,000ths of millimeters (10,000ths of inches). When servicing engine assemblies and parts, care and cleanliness are extremely important. Proper cleaning and the protection of friction areas and delicate parts are part of the service procedure. • Apply engine oil to all friction areas during reassembly to provide protection and lubrication when the engine is started. • When valve train components, pistons, piston rings, connecting rods, connecting rod bearings, and crankshaft bearings are removed, they must be reinstalled to their original positions. To ensure this, mark the parts at disassembly and store them neatly. • Disconnect battery cables before working on the engine. This prevents damage to wire harnesses and other electrical parts. • Engine cylinders are numbered 1-2-3-4-5-6 from the front of the engine (crankshaft pulley) to the rear (flywheel).

• After removing the intake air duct or air cleaner, immediately cover the intake opening with a clean cloth. This prevents the entry of foreign material capable of causing serious engine damage.

Engine Components The 6HK1 engine is a 4-cycle, 6-cylinder in-line, diesel engine with direct fuel injection. Engine displacement is 7.79 liters (475 cubic inches). The engine uses a gear-driven overhead camshaft timing train. The engine is quiet, economical, and durable.

Cylinder Head The cross-flow cylinder head is constructed of cast iron. The intake system is at the left side of the engine and the exhaust system is at the right side. This configuration reduces resistance in the two systems. A laminated cylinder head gasket is used to minimize fatigue. The head and gasket are secured to the block using the angular tightening method. This provides a reliable seal against gas and water leakage.

Cylinder Block and Cylinder Liners The cast iron cylinder block has 7 bearings. Bearing caps have a ladder frame construction to integrate them with the crankcase and increase engine rigidity. Cylinder liners are constructed of very thin, special-use iron alloys. In combination with the chrome-plated 1st and 3rd piston rings, they provide excellent wear resistance.

Pistons The aluminum alloy pistons have a ring trigger cast into the 1st ring groove. The outer sliding surface of the 1st and 3rd piston rings are chrome plated to provide strength and wear resistance.

Crankshaft The forged steel crankshaft is soft nitride treated for additional strength. The 7 bearings together with the 4 counterweights result in reduced bearing rotational load.

Gear Train Engine Service (General information) Read the following carefully to avoid engine damage and ensure reliable engine performance and a long service life. • The electrical system is capable of damaging delicate electrical circuits. Be absolutely certain that the ground cable is disconnected at the battery when servicing the engine.

The gear train is at the rear of the engine (flywheel side). This minimizes torsion vibration from the crankshaft and reduces noise. To further reduce noise, the crankshaft gear is shrinkfitted to the crankshaft. Precise gear arrangement, gear ratio, backlash, and bearing rigidity also contribute to a quieter engine.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 3

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Combustion Chambers Isuzu’s unique combustion chamber design provides easy starting, maximum power output, and operating economy. Direct fuel injection is used. Each cylinder has an injection nozzle placed precisely at the center of the cylinder. Intake ports generate maximum swirl effect for the airfuel mixture. Exhaust ports provide minimum exhaust resistance.

Valve Arrangement Each cylinder has 2 intake valves and 2 exhaust valves. The intake valves use Isuzu’s unique inlet ports to provide high efficiency and complete combustion. The exhaust valves are connected to a single exhaust port.

Lubricating System All moving engine parts are lubricated by a gear pump pressure circulation system. Oil is pumped from the crankcase through the oil filter to the oil cooler where it is cleaned. From the oil cooler, the oil travels to the cylinder block main oil gallery from where it circulates to lubricate the engine parts. Oil jets in the oil gallery spray oil to the inside surfaces of the pistons to provide optimum lubrication and cooling.

Oil Pump and Oil Filter The gear-type oil pump with relief valve is driven by the timing gear. A full-flow oil filter with a highly efficient paper element is used. If the oil filter element becomes clogged, a by-pass valve opens to route the oil directly to the oil gallery.

Oil Cooler Oil temperature rises as the engine warms up with a resulting decrease in lubricating efficiency. The oil cooler operates to maintain low oil temperature and high lubricating efficiency.The oil cooler consists of a body and cooling element.

6A–3

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 4

6A–4

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Turbocharger Removal 1. Remove the oil feed pipe. • Discard the gaskets. 2. Remove the oil drain pipe. • Discard the gaskets. 3. Remove the turbocharger. NOTE: Plug the turbocharger body oil ports and openings to prevent the entry of foreign material.

Installation 1. Install the turbocharger assembly with the new gasket to the exhaust manifold and tighten the nuts to the specified torque. Torque: 52 N·m (5.3 kgm) NOTE: Lubricate the turbine shaft. Pour oil into the oil feed hole while rotating the turbine wheel with your hand.

036EY00002

2. Install the oil drain pipe (2) to the turbocharger and tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 34 N·m (3.5 kgm) 3. Install the oil feed pipe (1) to the turbocharger and tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 34 N·m (3.5 kgm)

052EY00007

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 5

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–5

Exhaust Manifold Removal 1. Remove the turbocharger oil feed pipe. 2. Remove the turbocharger oil drain pipe. 3. Remove the turbocharger. Refer to “Turbocharger Removal” in this manual. 4. Remove the exhaust manifold. Clean the sealing surfaces of the exhaust manifold.

Tighten the nuts to the specified torque in the order shown in the illustration below. Torque: 34 N·m (3.5 kgm)

11 8

2 3 1

6 9

027EY00024

2. Install the turbocharger assembly with the new gasket to the exhaust manifold. Refer to “Turbocharger Installation” in this manual. 027EY00010

Installation 1. Install the exhaust manifold assembly with the new gasket to the cylinder head. • Install the distance tube (1), plain washer (2), and spring washer (3). • Install the distance tube (1) and distance nut (4) to the front stud of No. 5 cylinder (indicated by arrow A).

1 2

036EY00002

3. Install the oil drain pipe to the turbocharger. 4. Install the oil feed pipe to the turbocharger.

3 1

027EY00023

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 6

6A–6

ENGINE MECHANICAL

052EY00007

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 7

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–7

Intake Cover Removal 1. Remove the fuel pipes. 2. Remove the booster air pipe. 3. Remove the injection pipes. 4. Remove the fuel filter and bracket. 5. Remove the intake pipe. 6. Remove the intake cover. 7. Clean the sealing surfaces of the intake cover.

Installation 1. Install the intake cover with new gaskets. • Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 15 N·m (1.5 kgm) 025EY00017

3. Install the fuel filter and bracket to the intake cover. Tighten the fixing bolts to the specified torque. Torque: Fuel Filter: 39 N·m (4.0 kgm) Bracket : 20 N·m (2.0 kgm)

025EY00016

2. Install the intake pipe with new gasket. Tighten the fixing nuts to the specified torque. Torque: 20 N·m (2.0 kgm)

041EY00003

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 8

6A–8

ENGINE MECHANICAL

4. Install the injection pipes and tighten the sleeve nuts to the specified torque. Torque: 29 N·m (3.0 kgm)

6. Install the fuel leak off pipe (1) with new gasket. Tighten the eye bolts to the specified torque. Torque: Cylinder head side: 29 N·m (3.0 kgm) Fuel filter side: 25 N·m (2.5 kgm)

040EY00009

5. Install the fuel pipe and tighten the bolts to the specified torque as follows. Torque: Fuel return pipe: 37 N·m (3.2 kgm) Fuel pipe (Fuel filter to Injection pump): 39 N·m (4.0 kgm) Fuel pipe (Feed pump to fuel filter): 39 N·m (4.0 kgm)

041EY00011

041EY00015

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 9

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–9

Water Pump Removal

1. Loosen the fan fixing nuts to remove the cooling fan.

3 2 1 5

033EY00029

033EY00003

2. Remove the fan guard and fan guide.

Legend (1) Bolt (2) Washer (3) Rubber mount (4) Rubber mount (5) Guide tube (6) Fan guide 3. Loosen the fan pulley fixing bolts. 4. Remove the fan belt. • Loosen the mounting bolt (2) and the sliding piece nut (1). • Pivot the alternator at the mounting bolt toward the center of the engine.

3 1 033EY00007

066EY00003

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 10

6A–10

ENGINE MECHANICAL

5. Remove the adapter and fan pulley.

2 6

5 4 030EY00023

Legend (1) Adapter (2) Fan pulley (3) Water pump

6. Disconnect the bypass hose. 7. Loosen the fixing nuts and bolts from the water pump. 8. Remove the water pump from the front plate. 9. Discard the gaskets.

(4) Bypass hose (5) Water duct (6) Water duct

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 11

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Installation 1. Install the water pump with new gaskets to the front plate. Use the locating pin. 2. Tighten the fixing nuts and bolts to the specified torque. Torque: Nut A: 39 N·m (4.0 kgm) Bolt: 20 N·m (2.0 kgm)

6A–11

4. Install the water duct with new gasket to the oil cooler and water pump. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 20 N·m (2.0 kgm) 5. Connect the bypass hose. 6. Clamp the bypass hose. 7. Install the fan pulley and adaptor to the water pump. Tighten the fixing bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 52 N·m (5.3 kgm)

030EY00003 030EY00025

3. Install the water duct with new gasket to the cylinder head. Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: Bolt (1) : 240 N·m (24 kgm) Bolt (2) : 20 N·m (2.0 kgm)

8. Install the fan belt. 9. Adjust the fan belt tension. • Depress the drive belt midway between the alternator and fan pulley. Drive Belt Deflection Single belt: 8 – 11 mm (0.31 – 0.43 in) Scrum belt: 6 – 8 mm (0.23 – 0.31 in)

Water pump Alternator 1

2 Crankshaft

032EY00011

033EY00004

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 12

6A–12

ENGINE MECHANICAL

10. Install the cooling fan. Tighten the fixing nuts to the specified torque. Torque: 39 N·m (4.0 kgm)

12. Install the fan guard. Tighten the fixing bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 40 N·m (4.1 kgm)

033EY00007

033EY00003

11. Install the fan guide. Tighten the fixing bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 30 N·m (3.1 kgm)

13. Adjust the fan tip clearance. Clearance: 7 - 13 mm (0.28 - 0.51 in)

4 3 2 1 5

033EY00029

Legend (1) Bolt (2) Washer (3) Rubber mount (4) Rubber mount (5) Guide tube (6) Fan guide

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 13

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–13

Alternator Removal 1. Remove the sliding piece nut (1). 2. Remove the alternator mounting bolt (2). 3. Remove the fan belt. 4. Remove the alternator. 3 1

3 1

066EY00003

Water pump 066EY00003

Alternator

Installation 1. Install the alternator. 2. Install the adjusting plate. 3. Install the fan belt. 4. Adjust the belt tension by turning bolt (3). • Depress the fan belt midway between the alternator and the water pump. Belt Deflection: Single belt: 8 – 11 mm (0.31 – 0.43 in) Scrum belt: 6 – 8 mm (0.23 – 0.31 in) 5. Tighten the adjusting plate fixing bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 49 N·m (5.0 kgm) 6. Tighten the alternator mounting bolt (2) to the specified torque. Torque: 127 N·m (12.9 kgm) 7. Tighten the slide piece nut (1) to the specified torque. Torque: 76 N·m (7.7 kgm)

Crankshaft

033EY00004

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 14

6A–14

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Injection Pump 3. Remove the injection pipe.

Removal 1. Remove the leak off pipe (1).

040EY00009

041EY00015

NOTE: Protect the joint openings of the injection pipe to prevent the entry of foreign material.

2. Remove the fuel pipes (1), (2) and (3). 4. Remove the fuel filter. 2 1

042EY00013

Legend (1) Fuel Pipe: Feed Pump to filter (2) Fuel Pipe: Filter to Injection Pump (3) Fuel Pipe: Return

041EY00003

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 15

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–15

5. Remove the oil feed pipe (1) from the injection pump. 6. Remove the oil return pipe (2).

1 2 040EY00057

052EY00005

10. Remove the injection pump. 11. Remove the injection pump bracket.

7. Loosen the coupling bolts (1).

1 2

040EY00001

040EY00055

8. Remove the booster air pipe (injection pump governor to intake cover). 9. Loosen the injection pump fixing bolts (1).

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 16

6A–16

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Installation 1. Install the injection pump bracket to the cylinder block. Use the locating pin. • Tighten the fixing bolts in the numerical order shown in the illustration. Torque: 50 N·m (5.1 kgm)

2 2

040EY00006

040EY00048

2. Align the injection timing mark on the damper with the pointer on the front cover. Injection Timing : 9° BTDC

• Install the injection pump to the injection pump bracket. Use the locating dowel pin. • Tighten the injection pump fixing bolts to the specified torque. Torque : 44 N·m (4.5 kgm) 4. Loosen the adjusting bolt (2) and fasten the coupling bolt (3) to the timing advancer. Tighten the adjusting bolt (2) and fixing bolt (1). Torque : 88 N·m (9.0 kgm) • Verify that the injection timing is correct by turning the crankshaft two turns in the normal direction of engine rotation. 3

Pointer

1 020EY00006

3. Install the injection pump . • Bring No. 1 cylinder to top dead center on the compression stroke. • Align the injection timing mark on the timing advancer with the injection pump body pointer.

040EY00058

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 17

ENGINE MECHANICAL 5. Install the oil feed pipe (1) to the injection pump. Torque: 27 N·m (2.8 kgm) 6. Install the oil return pipe (2). Torque: 34 N·m (3.5 kgm)

6A–17

10. Install the fuel return pipe. • Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 37 N·m (3.8 kgm) 11. Install the fuel pipe (fuel filter to injection pump). 12. Install the fuel pipe (fuel pump to fuel filter). • Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 39 N·m (4 kgm)

052EY00005

7. Install the air boost pipe (injection pump governor to intake cover). 8. Install the fuel filter to the bracket. • Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 39 N·m ( 4.0 kgm) 9. Install the injection pipes. • Tighten the sleeve nuts to the specified torque. Torque: 29 N·m (3.0 kgm)

041EY00011

13. Install the fuel leak off pipe (1). • Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: Cylinder head side: 29 N·m (3.0 kgm) Filter side: 25 N·m (2.5 kgm)

040EY00009

041EY00015

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 18

6A–18

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Bearing Case Removal

Installation

1. Remove the injection pump . Refer to “Injection Pump Removal” in this manual. 2. Remove the coupling. • Loosen the bolt (1).

1. Bring No. 1 piston compression stroke.

to top dead center on the

Pointer

1 020EY00006

040EY00059

3. Remove the oil feed pipe from the bearing case. 4. Remove the bearing case.

2. Install the bearing case with new gasket to the cylinder block. • Apply Three Bond No. 1208 or equivalent to the gasket. This will hold the gasket in place during installation. • Install the gasket to the bearing case groove. • Install the coupling to the bearing case shaft. • Align the S mark on the coupling with the pointer as shown in the illustration. • Install the bearing case to the cylinder block. • Confirm S mark position after installation.

S 039EY00004

Before installation

S After installation

F06EY00146

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 19

ENGINE MECHANICAL • Tighten the fixing nuts and bolts to the specified torque: Torque: Bolt (1): 73 N·m (7.4 kgm) Nut (2): 73 N·m (7.4 kgm) Nut (3), (4) : 40 N·m (4.1 kgm)

3 1

POINTER

2 4

039EY00006

3. Install the injection pump. Refer to “Injection Pump Installation” in this manual. 4. Install the oil feed pipe to the bearing case.

6A–19

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 20

6A–20

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Oil Cooler Removal 1. Remove the fuel leak off pipe. 2. Remove the fuel pipes. 3. Remove the injection pipe. 4. Remove the fuel filter. 5. Remove the oil feed pipe from the injection pump. 6. Remove the oil return pipe. 7. Loosen the coupling bolts 8. Remove the boost air pipe (intake cover to injection pump governor). 9. Loosen the injection pump fixing bolts. 10. Remove the injection pump. Refer to “Injection Pump Removal” in this manual. 11. Remove the stay for the fan guide. 12. Loosen the oil cooler fixing bolts evenly from the outside to inside. 13. Remove the oil cooler assembly from the cylinder block. • Install the removed bolts to the replacer hole and remove the oil cooler. • Clean the sealing surface of the block and remove sealant residue.

Gasket

050EY00055

• Tighten the oil cooler fixing bolts to the specified torque in the numerical order shown in the illustration. Torque: 19 N·m (1.9 kgm)

21 17 13 9

12 16

22 26 27

25 28

24 18 14 10 6 23

11 15 19

050EY00001

050MX003

Installation 1. Install the oil cooler assembly with new gaskets to the cylinder block. • Clean the sealing surface of the oil cooler . • Apply ThreeBond No. 1207C/1216C or equivalent to the groove of the oil cooler assembly. NOTE: Install the oil cooler within 15 minutes of applying sealant.

2. Install the stay for the fan guide. 3. Install the injection pump. Refer to “Injection Pump Installation” in this manual. 4. Install the oil feed pipe (1) to the injection pump. Torque: 27 N·m (2.8 kgm) 5. Install the oil return pipe (2). Torque: 34 N·m (3.5 kgm)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 21

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–21

052EY00005

6. Install the air boost pipe (injection pump governor to the intake cover). 7. Install the fuel filter to the bracket. • Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 39 N·m (4.0 kgm)

040EY00009

9. Install the fuel return pipe. • Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 37 N·m (3.8 kgm) 10. Install the fuel pipe (fuel filter to injection pump). 11. Install the fuel pipe (fuel pump to fuel filter). • Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 39 N·m (4.0 kgm)

041EY00003

8. Install the injection pipes. • Tighten the sleeve nuts to the specified torque. Torque: 29 N·m (3.0 kgm)

041EY00011

12. Install the fuel leak off pipe (1). • Tighten the bolts to the specified torque. Torque: Cylinder head side: 29 N·m (3.0 kgm) Filter side: 25 N·m (2.5 kgm)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 22

6A–22

ENGINE MECHANICAL

041EY00015

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 23

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–23

Rocker Arm Assembly Removal 1

2 3

6 4 5

7 8

011EY00060

Legend (1) Cylinder head cover (2) Gasket (3) Rocker arm assembly (4) Cam bearing cap

(5) (6) (7) (8)

Bearing Camshaft Rubber plug Cylinder head

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 24

6A–24

ENGINE MECHANICAL

1. Remove the head cover. 2. Remove the cylinder head cover gasket. Discard the gasket. NOTE : Be careful not to lose the collars inserted into the cylinder head cover assembly.

014EY00051

Installation 1. Apply engine oil to the bridge cap. 010EY00001

3. Remove the rocker arm shaft assembly. Loosen the camshaft bracket fixing nuts on both sides. Loosen the rocker arm shaft bracket fixing bolts evenly from the outside to the inside.

011MX042

014EY00156

NOTE :Do not remove the rocker arm fixing bolts (indicated by an arrow).

2. Install the rocker arm assembly. 1. Apply engine oil to the front and rear camshaft bracket sliding surfaces. 2. Apply engine oil to the camshaft bracket stud threads and nut setting faces. 3. Install the rocker arm shaft assembly to the cylinder head.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 25

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–25

Sealant

014MX016

015EY00171

4. Tighten the rocker arm bracket nuts and bolts to the specified torque in the numerical order shown in the illustration. After tightening the camshaft cap nuts, tighten the rocker arm shaft bracket bolts. Torque: Bolts 1 through 4: 27 N·m (2.8 kgm) Bolts 5 through 13 : 56 N·m (5.7 kgm)

5. Install the cylinder head cover with new gasket. 1. Clean the head cover gasket groove and the head cover gasket. 2. Install the new head cover gasket and collar to the head cover. 3. Install the cylinder head cover to the cylinder head.

010EY00001

011MX014

3. Adjust the valve clearance. Refer to “Valve Clearance Adjustment” in this manual. 4. Apply ThreeBond 1207B or equivalent to the rubber plug surfaces. NOTE : Immediately (within ten (10) minutes of applying the sealant) install the cylinder head cover to the cylinder head.

4.Tighten the cylinder head cover bolts to the specified torque a little at a time in the numerical order shown in the illustration. Torque : 13 N·m (1.3 kgm)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 26

6A–26

ENGINE MECHANICAL

11 7

010EY00008

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 27

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–27

Disassembly 4

014EY00157

Legend (1) Camshaft bracket (2) Rocker arm

(3) Spring washer (4) Bracket (5) Rocker arm shaft

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 28

6A–28

ENGINE MECHANICAL

1. Disassemble the rocker arm and shaft assembly. • Loosen the rocker arm shaft fixing bolts (1). • Disassemble the bracket, rocker arm, washer and rocker arm shaft. NOTE: Keep each rocker arm and bracket in order so that they can be reinstalled to their original positions.

2 014EY00073

Rocker Arm Shaft Outside Diameter

014EY00158

Inspection and Repair Make the necessary adjustments, repairs, and part replacements if excessive wear or damage is discovered during inspection.

Use a micrometer to measure the rocker arm fitting portion outside diameter. If the measured value is less than the specified limit, the rocker arm shaft must be replaced. Rocker arm shaft outside diameter Standard: 21.979 – 22.000 mm (0.865 – 0.866 in.) Limit: 21.85 mm (1.0860 in.)

Rocker Arm Shaft Run-Out 1. Place the rocker arm shaft on V-blocks. 2. Use a dial indicator to measure the rocker arm shaft central portion run-out. If the run-out is very slight, correct the rocker arm shaft run-out with a bench press. The rocker arm must be at cold condition. If the measured rocker arm shaft run-out exceeds the specified limit, the rocker arm shaft must be replaced. Rocker arm shaft run-out Limit: 0.3 mm (0.012 in.)

014EY00074

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 29

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–29

Rocker Arm Bushing Inside Diameter Use either a vernier caliper or a dial indicator to measure the rocker arm bushing inside diameter. Rocker arm bushing inside diameter Standard: 22.010 – 22.035 mm (0.867 – 0.868 in.) Rocker arm and rocker arm shaft clearance Standard: 0.01 – 0.056 mm (0.0004 – 0.0022 in.) Limit: 0.2 mm (0.0079 in.)

014EY00097

014EY00098

Rocker arm shaft and rocker arm clearance Standard: 0.010 – 0.056 mm (0.0004 – 0.0022 in) Limit: 0.20 mm (0.008 in) Check that the rocker arm and rocker arm shaft oil port are free of obstructions. If necessary, use compressed air to clean the rocker arm and rocker arm shaft oil port. 014EY00159

WARNING: Compressed air can cause personal injury when using for cleaning. Wear safety glasses and protective clothing.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 30

6A–30

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Rocker arm roller and rocker arm pin 1. Pass a piece of string between the rocker arm and the rocker arm roller. 2. Pull on either end of the string in the directions shown in the illustration. 3. Measure the rocker arm protrusion (1). 4. Mark the measuring point and remove the string. 5. Press the rocker arm roller against the rocker arm with your fingers. Measure the rocker arm protrusion again. 6. Calculate the difference between the 2 protrusions (roller out and roller in). This is the roller and pin clearance.

7. Check the rocker arm roller and camshaft contact surfaces for excessive wear and damage.

If the clearance exceeds the limit, the rocker arm must be replaced. Rocker arm roller and pin clearance Standard: 0.068 – 0.099 mm (0.0027 – 0.0039 in) Limit: 0.5 mm (0.02 in)

014EY00096

Rocker arm bracket Check that the oil hole in the rocker arm shaft bracket is free of obstructions.

014EY00076

014EY00095

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 31

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–31

Bridge gap Check the valve cap and rocker arm contact surfaces for excessive wear and damage. If the wear exceeds the limit, the valve cap must be replaced. Valve cap wear Limit: 0.1 mm (0.004 in)

Front

014MX028

5. Install the rocker arm. • Apply engine oil to the rocker arm roller and pin. 6. Install the spring washer and camshaft bracket.

014EY00160

Reassembly 1. Apply engine oil to the rocker arm shaft. 2. Install the camshaft bracket to the rocker arm shaft. 3. Temporarily tighten the camshaft bracket bolt (1).

014EY00162

014EY00161

4. Install the rocker arm shaft bracket as shown in the installation.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 32

6A–32

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Camshaft Removal 1

2 3

6 4 5

7 8

011EY00060

Legend (1) Cylinder head cover (2) Gasket (3) Rocker arm assembly (4) Cam bearing cap

(5) (6) (7) (8)

Bearing Camshaft Rubber plug Cylinder head

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 33

ENGINE MECHANICAL 1. Remove the head cover. 2. Remove the cylinder head cover gasket. Discard the gasket. NOTE : Be careful not to lose the collars inserted into the cylinder head cover assembly.

6A–33

Installation 1. Install the camshaft with camshaft gear to the cylinder head. 1. Align the crankshaft damper pulley TDC mark with the pointer by rotating the crankshaft in the normal direction of engine rotation. Check the position of the alignment timing mark on the injection pump for No. 1 piston of TDC.

Pointer

010MX004

3. Remove the rubber plug. 4. Remove the rocker arm shaft assembly. Refer to “Rocker Arm Assembly Removal” in this manual. 5. Remove the camshaft bearing caps. • Loosen the camshaft bearing cap nuts and bolts evenly from the outside to the inside. NOTE : If the camshaft bearings are to be reinstalled, keep them in order for installation to their original location.

020EY00006

2. Install the camshaft bearings to the cylinder head bearing grooves and bearing caps. 3. Apply engine oil to the camshaft bearing sliding surfaces before installing the camshaft. 4. Install the camshaft with camshaft gear to the cylinder head. 5. Carefully align the camshaft gear “B” mark and the upper cylinder head face as shown in the illustration.

011MV009-1

6. Remove the camshaft with camshaft gear. 014EY00060

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 34

6A–34

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6. If the “B” mark and upper cylinder head face are not aligned, No.1 piston is not on the compression stroke. Remove the camshaft. Rotate the crankshaft one full turn and realign the crankshaft damper pulley TDC mark with the pointer by rotating the crankshaft in the normal direction of engine rotation. 7. Reinstall the camshaft assembly repeating steps 3 to 5. 2. Install the camshaft bearing caps. 1. Apply engine oil to the camshaft bearing sliding surfaces. 2. Install the camshaft bearing caps with the bearings in numerical order with the cap stamped mark facing forward. 015EY00077

3. Apply ThreeBond 1207B or equivalent to the rubber plug surfaces. NOTE : Immediately (within ten (10) minutes of applying the sealant) install the cylinder head cover to the cylinder head.

Sealant

011MV009-1

3. Apply engine oil to the bearing cap bolt threads and setting faces. 4. Tighten the bearing cap bolts to the specified torque. Work from the center of the cylinder head toward the outside. Torque: 27 N·m (2.8 kgm) 3. Apply engine oil to the bridge cap. 4. Install the rocker arm assembly. Refer to “Rocker Arm Assembly Installation” in this manual. 5. Adjust the valve clearance. Refer to “Valve Clearance Adjustment” in this manual. 6. Install the rubber plug to the cylinder head. 1. Apply ThreeBond 1207B or equivalent to the rubber plug as shown in the illustration. 2. Install the rubber plug to the cylinder head. NOTE : Clean the cylinder head and remove sealant residue.

015EY00171

7. Install the cylinder head cover with new gasket. 1. Clean the head cover gasket groove and the head cover gasket. 2. Install the new head cover gasket and collar to the head cover. 3. Install the cylinder head cover to the cylinder head.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 35

ENGINE MECHANICAL

010MX004

4. Tighten the cylinder head cover bolts to the specified torque a little at a time in the numerical order shown in the illustration. Torque : 13 N·m (1.3 kgm)

11 7

010MX003

6A–35

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 36

6A–36

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Disassembly

014EY00102

Legend (1) Camshaft gear (2) Knock pin (3) Camshaft

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 37

ENGINE MECHANICAL 1. Remove the camshaft gear. • Check the gear for excessive wear or damage. • Use an universal puller to pull out the camshaft gear.

6A–37

2. Use a micrometer to measure each camshaft journal diameter in two directions ((1) and (2)). If the measured value is less than the specified limit, the camshaft must be replaced. Camshaft journal diameter Standard: 39.950 – 39.975 mm (1.5728 – 1.5738 in.) Limit: 39.85 mm (1.5689 in.)

2 1

014EY00174

Inspection and Repair Make the necessary adjustments, repairs, and part replacements if excessive wear or damage is discovered during inspection. 1. Measure the dimension between the camshaft thrust surface and the camshaft gear. Camshaft and camshaft gear dimension Standard: 25.015 – 28.055 mm (1.103 – 1.105 in)

014EY00078

3. Measure the cam height A and B with a micrometer. If the measured value is less than the specified limit, the camshaft must be replaced. Cam height (A – B) Inlet Standard: 7.851 mm (0.3091 in.) Limit: 7.351 mm (0.2894 in.) Exhaust Standard: 9.540 mm (0.3756 in.) Limit: 9.040 mm (0.3559 in.)

014EY00105

014EY00079

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-1 2011.8.11 11:21 AM ページ 38

6A–38

ENGINE MECHANICAL

4. Mount the camshaft on V-blocks. Measure the run-out with a dial indicator at the No. 4 camshaft journal. If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the camshaft must be replaced. Camshaft run-out Standard: 0.025 mm (0.0010 in.) Limit: 0.05 mm (0.0020 in.)

5. Use an inside dial indicator to measure the camshaft bearing inside diameter. Camshaft bearing inside diameter Standard: 40.0 – 40.037 mm (1.575 – 1.576 in.) If the clearance between the camshaft bearing inside diameter and the journal exceeds the specified limit, the camshaft bearing must be replaced. Camshaft bearing clearance Standard: 0.025 – 0.087 mm (0.00098 – 0.00342 in.) Limit: 0.15 mm (0.0059 in.)

014EY00163

Reassembly 1. Install the gear alignment pin to the camshaft. 2. Install the camshaft gear to the camshaft. 1. The gear hub large side must be facing the camshaft. 2. Apply engine oil to the camshaft bolt threads and the setting faces. 3. Tighten the camshaft gear bolt to the specified torque. Torque : 142 N·m (14.5 kgm)

014EY00164

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 39

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–39

Cylinder Head Removal 1

4 13

6 11

5 9

011EY00001

Legend (1) Cylinder head cover (2) Gasket (3) Rubber plug (4) Leak off pipe (5) Injection nozzle bracket (6) Injection nozzle (7) Gasket

(8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)

Glow plug connector Glow plug Rocker arm assembly Bridge cap Bridge Camshaft Cylinder head Head gasket

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 40

6A–40

ENGINE MECHANICAL

1. Remove the head cover. 2. Remove the cylinder head cover gasket. Discard the gasket. NOTE: Be careful not to lose the collars inserted into the cylinder head cover assembly.

10. Remove the bridge. NOTE: Keep the bridges in order for reassembly to their original positions. 11. Remove the cylinder head. • Loosen the cylinder head bolts a little at a time in the numerical order shown in the illustration. • Clean the cylinder head surfaces and remove the sealant residue. CAUTION: Failure to loosen the cylinder head bolts in numerical order a little at a time will damage the cylinder head lower surfaces.

010MX004

3. Remove the rubber plug. 4. Remove the rocker arm shaft assembly. Refer to “Rocker Arm Assembly Removal” in this manual. 5. Remove the camshaft with the gear. Refer to “Camshaft Removal” in this manual. 6. Remove the leak off pipe. 7. Remove the injection nozzle holder.

4 8

11 15 19 23 27 26 22 18 14 10

12 16 20 24 28 25 21 17 13 9

6 2

011EY00064

CAUTION: The idle gear C (1) projects from the cylinder head lower side and is easily damaged. Great care must be taken to avoid damaging the idle gear C when the cylinder head is removed from the engine.

040MX042 011EY00061

8. Remove the glow plug connector. • Remove the injection nozzles and glow plugs before removing the cylinder head. 9. Remove the bridge cap.

13. Remove the cylinder head gasket. Discard the gasket.

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

Installation 1. Install the new cylinder head gasket. • Clean the cylinder block surface and remove sealant residue. • Apply ThreeBond No. 1207C or equivalent to the cylinder block and the timing gearcase fitting faces. The sealant must be 2.0 mm (0.08 in) thick and 3.0 mm (0.12 in.) wide. The sealant must not obstruct the cylinder oil port.

6A–41

• Apply molybdenum disulfide grease to the cylinder head bolts (M14) threads and setting faces. • Apply engine oil to the cylinder head bolts (M10) (Number (1) to (26)) threads and setting faces. • Tighten the M14 cylinder head bolts in three steps using the angular tightening method. Follow the tightening order shown in the illustration. • Tighten the M10 (Number (27) to (28)) cylinder head bolts to the specified torque. NOTE: Cylinder head bolts may be reused 6 times before replacement. Replace if any doubt exists. M14 bolt Torque: 1st step 98 N·m (10 kgm) 2nd step 147 N·m (15 kgm) 3rd step 30 – 60 deg. M10 bolt Torque: 38 N·m (3.9 kgm) NOTE: Cover the timing gear hole with a clear cloth to prevent the entry of foreign material.

012MV001

• Install the new cylinder head gasket to the cylinder block. 2. Install the cylinder head assembly over the locating dowel pins. • Carefully place the cylinder head on the cylinder head gasket.

26 22 18 14 10 6

2 3

7 11 15 19 23 27

M10 Bolt 25 21 17 13

9 5

1 4

8 12 16 20 24 28

011EY00065

011EY00024

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 42

6A–42

ENGINE MECHANICAL

3. Install the camshaft with gear to the cylinder head. Refer to “Camshaft Installation” in this manual.

5. Install the bridge cap. 1. Apply engine oil to the bridge cap. 2. Install the bridge cap to the bridge,

014EY00060 011MX042

4. Install the camshaft bearing cap

6. Install the rocker arm assembly. Refer to “Rocker Arm Assembly Installation” in this manual.

011MV009-1

014MX016

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 43

ENGINE MECHANICAL 7. Install the glow plugs to the cylinder head. Tighten the glow plugs to the specified torque. Torque: 20 N·m (2.0 kgm) 8. Install the glow plug connector.

6A–43

10. Adjust the valve clearance. Refer to “Valve Clearance Adjustment” in this manual. 11. Install the rubber plug. 1. Apply Threebond 1207B or equivalent to the rubber plug as shown in the illustration. 2. Install the rubber plug to the cylinder head. NOTE: If the cylinder head is to be reinstalled, be sure to remove, clean, and reseal the rubber plug.

011MX041

9. Install the injection nozzle holders. 1. Install the injection nozzle holders with the new gaskets to the cylinder head. CAUTION: Take care not to damage the injection nozzle and gasket during nozzle holder installation. 2. Install the nozzle holder flange to the nozzle holder bolts. 3. Temporarily tighten the nozzle holder bolts. The bolts will be finally tightened after injection pipe and leak off pipe installation.

015EY00077

3. Apply ThreeBond 1207B or equivalent to the rubber plug surfaces. NOTE: Immediately (within 10 minutes of applying the sealant) install the cylinder head cover to the cylinder head.

6HH1 Sealant

015EY00171 040MX041

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6A–44

ENGINE MECHANICAL

12. Install the cylinder head cover and gasket. 1. Clean the head cover gasket groove and the head cover gasket. 2. Install the new head cover gasket and collar to the head cover. 3. Install the cylinder head cover to the cylinder head.

010MX004

4. Tighten the cylinder head cover bolts to the specified torque a little at a time in the numerical order shown in the illustration. Torque: 13 N·m (1.3 kgm)

11 7

010MX003

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–45

Disassembly

25 24 12 11

4 13

10 3

8 6 7

19 2

9 16

20 21

011EY00062

Legend (1) Cylinder head cover (2) Oil seal (3) Bridge guide (4) Nozzle sleeve (5) Valve seat insert (6) Valve guide (7) Lower spring seat (8) Valve stem seal (9) Valve (10) Valve spring (11) Upper spring seat (12) Split collar

(13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25)

Idler gear C Idler gear cover Gasket Thermostat Water outlet pipe Overheat warning switch Hanger Gasket Exhaust manifold Gasket Inlet cover Bridge Bridge cap

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 46

6A–46

ENGINE MECHANICAL

1. Remove the bridge cap and bridge. NOTE: Keep the bridges and caps in order for reassembly to their original positions. 2. Remove the intake cover and gasket. Discard the gasket. 3. Remove the exhaust manifold and gasket. Discard the gasket. 4. Remove the overheat warning switch. 5. Remove the water outlet pipe. 6. Remove the thermostat and gasket. Discard the gasket. 7. Remove the idle gear cover. • Tap the outside of the cover with a screwdriver (1) to deform one end of it and pull it free with pliers. NOTE : Do not scratch the sealing surfaces of the cylinder head. 011MX017

10. Remove the spring seat, spring, valve stem seal, and lower spring seat.

011EY00063

8. Remove the idler gear C. 9. Remove the split collar. 1. Place the cylinder head on a flat wooden surface. 2. Use the valve spring compressor 5-8840-2621-0 to remove the split collar. Do not allow the valves to fall from the cylinder head.

011MX027

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 47

ENGINE MECHANICAL 11. Remove the valve guide. • Use the valve guide remover 5-8840-2628-0 to remove the valve guide.

6A–47

13. Remove the injection nozzle sleeve. Use the nozzle sleeve remover 5-8840-2623-0 to drive the nozzle sleeve from the lower side cylinder head.

011MX015

12. Remove the valve seat insert. 1. Heat (about 600 – 700°C) two points on the valve seat insert with a gas torch and then allow the valve seat insert to cool for a few minutes. 2. This will invite contraction and make removal of the valve seat insert easier. 3. Use a screwdriver to pry the valve seat insert free. Take care not to damage the cylinder head. 4. Carefully remove carbon built-up and other foreign materials from the cylinder head insert bore.

040MX038

14. Remove the bridge guide. The bolt is electrically welded to the bridge guide. Use a sliding hammer to remove it.

Electric welding

011EY00075

011MX016

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 48

6A–48

ENGINE MECHANICAL

15. Remove the injection pipe oil seal.

011EY00066

011MX026

Inspection and Repair Make the necessary adjustments, repairs, and part replacements if excessive wear or damage is discovered during inspection. A

Cylinder Head Cylinder Head Lower Face Warpage Use a straight edge and a feeler gauge to measure the four sides and the two diagonals of the cylinder head lower face. If the measured values exceed the specified limit, the cylinder head must be replaced. Cylinder Head Lower Face Warpage Standard: 0.05 mm (0.002 in) or less Limit: 0.20 mm (0.008 in) NOTE: Do not attempt to regrind the cylinder head lower face. Check the cylinder head lower face for cracking and other damage.

011EY00067

Valve Guide Valve Stem and Valve Guide Clearance Measuring method-I 1. Insert the valve to the cylinder head. 2. Set the dial indicator to the valve stem at measuring point as shown in the illustration. Measuring Point: 10 mm (0.4 in) 3. Set the dial indicator needle to “0”. 4. Move the valve head from side to side. Read the dial indicator. Note the highest dial indication. If the measured values exceed the specified limit, the valve and the valve guide must be replaced as a set. Valve Stem Clearance Intake Valve Standard: 0.04 – 0.06 mm (0.0016 – 0.0024 in) Limit: 0.20 (0.008 in)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 49

ENGINE MECHANICAL Exhaust Valve Standard: 0.06 – 0.10 mm (0.0024 – 0.0039 in) Limit: 0.25 mm (0.010 in)

10mm(0.4in)

6A–49

Valve Stem Outside Diameter Measure the valve stem diameter at three points. If the measured value is less than the specified limit, the valve and the valve guide must be replaced as a set. Valve Stem Outside Diameter Intake Valve Standard: 7.95 – 7.96 mm (0.3130 – 0.3134 in) Limit: 7.89 mm (0.3106 in) Exhaust Valve Standard 7.92 – 7.94 mm (0.3118 – 0.3126 in) Limit: 7.89 mm (0.3106 in)

014EY00062

Measuring Method-II 1. Measure the valve stem outside diameter. 2. Use a caliper calibrator or a telescoping gauge to measure the valve guide inside diameter. 3. Calculate the clearance between the valve guide inside diameter and the valve stem outside diameter. If the clearance exceeds the specified limit, the valve and the valve guide must be replaced as a set.

014EY00165

Valve Guide Replacement Valve Guide Removal Use a hammer and the valve guide replacer to drive the valve guide from the cylinder head lower 5-8840-2623-0 face.

011EY00068

011MX015

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6A–50

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Valve Guide Installation

Valve and Valve Seat Insert

1. Apply engine oil to the valve guide outer circumference. 2. Set the ring to the valve guide replacer 5-8840-26280. 3. Attach the valve guide replacer with ring to the valve guide. 4. Use a hammer to drive the valve guide into position from the cylinder head upper face.

Valve Thickness Measure the valve thickness. If the measured value is less than the specified limit, the valve and the valve guide must be replaced as a set. Intake and Exhaust Valve Thickness Intake Valve Standard: 1.71 mm (0.067 in) Limit: 1.30 mm (0.051 in) Exhaust Valve Standard: 1.75 mm (0.069 in) Limit: 1.30 mm (0.051 in)

011MX024

5. Measure the height of the valve guide upper end from the upper face of the cylinder head. Valve Guide Upper End Height (Reference): 14.1 mm (0.56 in) NOTE: If the valve guide has been removed, both the valve and the valve guide must be replaced as a set.

Valve Depression 1. Install the new valve (1) to the cylinder head (2). 2. Use a depth gauge or a straight edge with steel rule to measure the valve depression from the cylinder head lower surface. If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the valve seat insert must be replaced. Valve Depression Intake Valve Standard: 1.0 mm (0.039 in) Limit: 2.5 mm (0.098 in) Exhaust Valve Standard: 1.3 mm (0.051 in) Limit: 2.8 mm (0.110 in)

011EY00069

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–51

3. Use a screwdriver (3) to pry the valve seat insert free. Take care not to damage the cylinder head (4). 2

2 1

1 4 014EY00064

Valve Contact Width 1. Check the valve contact faces for roughness and unevenness. Make smooth the valve contact surfaces. 2. Measure the valve contact width. If the measured value exceeds the specified valve contact width, the valve seat insert must be replaced. Valve Contact Width Intake Valve Standard: 2.5 mm (0.098 in) Exhaust Valve Standard: 2.0 mm (0.079 in)

011EY00070

Valve Seat Insert Installation 1. Carefully place the attachment (1) (having a smaller outside diameter than the valve seat insert) on the valve seat insert (2). CAUTION: The smooth side of the attachment must contact the valve seat insert. Carefully remove carbon built-up and other foreign material from the cylinder head insert bore. 2. Use a bench press (3) to gradually apply pressure to the attachment and press the valve seat insert into place. CAUTION: Do not apply an excessive amount of pressure with the bench press. Damage to the valve seat insert will result.

3 1

014EY00065

Valve Seat Insert Removal 1. Arc weld the entire inside circumference (1) of the valve seat insert (2). 2. Allow the valve seat insert to cool for a few minutes. This will invite contraction and make removal of the valve seat insert easier.

011EY00071

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6A–52

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Valve Seat Insert Correction 1. Remove the carbon from the valve seat insert surface.

150°

Valve Face Angle Intake: 30 degree Exhaust: 45 degree NOTE: Use an adjustable valve cutter pilot. Do not allow the valve cutter pilot to wobble inside the valve guide. Check that valve depression is within the specified limit after valve seat insert correction.

90° 30°

011EY00032

2. Use a valve cutter (14, 45, 60 and 75 degree blades) to minimize scratches and other rough areas. This will bring the contact width back to the standard value. Remove only the scratches and rough areas. Do not cut away too much. Take care not to cut away unblemished areas of the valve seat surface.

014E100069

3. Apply abrasive compound to the valve seat insert surface. 4. Insert the valve into the valve guide. 5. Turn the valve while tapping it to fit the valve seat insert. 6. Check that the valve contact width is correct. 7. Check that the valve seat insert surface is in contact with the entire circumference of the valve.

011EY00072

011MX018

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–53

Valve Spring Valve Spring Free Height Use a vernier caliper to measure the valve spring free height. If the measured value is less than the specified limit, the valve spring must be replaced. Spring Free Height Intake Standard: 65.9 mm (2.59 in) Limit: 64.6 mm (2.54 in) Exhaust Standard: 68.1 mm (2.68 in) Limit: 66.7 mm (2.63 in)

Valve Spring Tension Use a spring tester to measure the valve spring tension. If the measured value is less than the specified limit, the valve spring must be replaced. Valve Spring Tension / Compression Height Intake Standard: 348 N (35.5 kg / 78 lb / 46 mm) Exhaust Standard: 383 N (39.0 kg / 86 lb / 46 mm)

Valve Spring Squareness Use a surface plate and a square to measure the valve spring squareness. If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the valve spring must be replaced. Spring Squareness Intake Standard: 2.9 mm (0.114 in) Limit: 3.4 mm (0.134 in) Exhaust Standard: 3.0 mm (0.118 in) Limit: 3.4 mm (0.134 in)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 54

6A–54

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Reassembly

25 24 12 11

4 13

10 3

8 6 7

19 2

9 16

20 21

011EY00062

(13) (14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25)

Idler gear C Idler gear cover Gasket Thermostat Water outlet pipe Overheat warning switch Hanger Gasket Exhaust manifold Gasket Inlet cover Bridge Bridge cap

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 55

ENGINE MECHANICAL 1. Use the oil seal installer 5-8840-2627-0 to install the oil seals to the cylinder head.

6A–55

2. Tighten the engine hangers to the specified torque. Torque: 48 N·m (4.9 kgm)

011MX026

011MX044

37.5

122.5±0.5

3. Install the bridge guides to the cylinder head. 1. Apply engine oil to the valve bridge guide outer circumference. 2. Attach the valve bridge guide installer 5-88402626-0 to the bridge guide. 3. Use a brass hammer to tap the guide into position from the cylinder head upper face.

011MX036

011MX012

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6A–56

ENGINE MECHANICAL

4. Install the injection nozzle sleeves to the cylinder head. 1. Install the gasket (2) to the nozzle sleeve and apply engine oil. 2. Apply sealer to the tapered part (1) of the nozzle sleeve. LOCTITE No. TL290

040MX039

040MV040-1

3. Install the nozzle sleeve to the cylinder head and insert the guide sleeve. 4. Push in the nozzle sleeve with the guide sleeve installer 5-8840-2624-0 so that the bottom surface of the cylinder head is reached. 5. Insert the nozzle sleeve and fix it with the clamp and bolt. 6. Press a 9.525 mm steel ball into the guide sleeve 5-8840-2624-0. Use a hammer and punch bar to drive the ball through the sleeve. NOTE: • Remove chips from the threaded part of the cylinder head. • Keep the cylinder head raised so that the ball can escape from the bottom surface.

5. Install the valve seat inserts into the cylinder head. 1. Carefully place the attachment (1) (having a smaller outside diameter than the valve seat insert) on the valve seat insert (2). NOTE: The smooth side of the attachment must contact the valve seat insert. 2. Use a bench press (3) to gradually apply pressure to the attachment and press the valve seat insert into place. CAUTION: Do not apply an excessive amount of pressure with the bench press. Damage to the valve seat insert will result.

3 1

011EY00071

3. The valve should be lapped before final assembly to ensure a good valve seal. Refer to “Valve Seat Insert Correction” in this section. 6. Install the valve guides into the cylinder head. 1. Apply engine oil to the valve guide outer circumference.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 57

ENGINE MECHANICAL 2. Attach the valve guide replacer 5-8840-2628-0 to the valve guide. 3. Use a hammer to drive the valve guide into position from the cylinder head upper face. 4. Measure the height of the valve guide upper end from the upper face of the cylinder head. Valve Guide Upper End Height (Reference): 19 mm (0.748 in)

6A–57

2. Install the valve springs with their fine pitched end (painted) facing down. Colored Intake Valve: Light blue Exhaust Valve: Yellow

014EY00067

011MX024

7. Install the spring seats. 8. Install the valve stem seals on the valve guide. 1. Apply engine oil to the oil seal inner face. 2. Use the oil seal installer 5-8840-2625-0 to install the oil seal to the valve guide.

11. Install the valve spring upper seats. 12. Install the split collars. 1. Use the spring compressor 5-8840-2621-0 to compress the valve spring. 2. Install the split collars to the valve stem. Do not allow the valve to fall from the cylinder head. 3.Set the split collars by tapping around the head of each collar with a rubber hammer.

011MX020

9. Install the valves. Apply engine oil to the intake valves and exhaust valves. 10. Install the valve springs. 1. Place the cylinder head on a flat wooden surface.

011MX017

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 58

6A–58

ENGINE MECHANICAL

13. Install the idler gear C. 1. Apply engine oil to the idler gear shaft and idler gear C bushing before installation. 2. Install the idler gear C with the boss side facing the front of the engine as shown in the illustration. Torque: 95 N·m (9.7 kgm)

2 3

Front

031EY00023

BOSS

16. Install the water outlet pipe to the cylinder head. Tighten the water outlet pipe bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 19 N·m (1.9 kgm) 011EY00074

14. Install the sealing cup to the cylinder head. 1. Apply LOCTITE No. 962T or equivalent to the sealing cup hole circumference. 2. Drive the sealing cup into position from the cylinder head side as shown in the illustration.

0.5〜1.5 031EY00024

011EY00034

15. Install the thermostats to the cylinder head. 1. Install the thermostat gaskets (1) to the flange of thermostats. 2. Install the thermostat (without jiggle valve) (2) and thermostat (with jiggle valve) (3) to the cylinder head. NOTE: The jiggle valves of the thermostat must be facing the rear of the engine.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 59

ENGINE MECHANICAL 17. Install the exhaust manifold gaskets. Install the gasket with the protruding part of the gasket facing down. NOTE: Check and see that the gasket is correctly installed to the cylinder head. The gasket, if installed in the wrong way, can overlap the casting skin of the cylinder head.

6A–59

18. Install the exhaust manifold to the cylinder head. 1. Install the three gas seal rings to the rear exhaust manifold. Position the ring gaps 120 degrees apart from each other.

027EY00010

011MX021

027EY00027

Note: Be absolutely sure that the gaskets are correctly installed to the cylinder head. An incorrectly installed gasket will result in engine damage. 2. Install the front exhaust manifold to the rear exhaust manifold. 3. Install the exhaust manifold to the cylinder head. 4. Install the distance tube (1) and washer (2) to the stud bolts. 5. Install the distance tube (1), washer (2), and distance nut to the stud bolt at the front side of No. 5 cylinder (arrow “A” mark). 6. Tighten the exhaust manifold nuts to the specified torque. Torque: 34 N·m (3.5 kg·m)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 60

6A–60

ENGINE MECHANICAL

1 2

Intake cover 10

3 1

4 13 9

027EY0023

025MX016

20. Install the intake pipe with new gasket to the intake cover. Tighten the intake pipe bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 20 N·m (2.0 kg·m)

11 8

2 3 1

6 9

027EY0024

19. Install the intake cover with new gasket to the cylinder head. 1. Install the intake cover bolts with the distance pipe and the mounting rubber. 2. Tighten the intake cover bolts to the specified torque a little at a time in the numerical order shown in the illustration. Torque: 15 N·m (1.5 kg·m)

025EY00018

22. Install the bridge to the bridge guide. Apply engine oil to the bridge. 26. Install the bridge cap to the bridge. Apply engine oil to the bridge cap.

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

011MX014

6A–61

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 62

6A–62

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Crank Pulley and Flywheel Removal

4 015EY00193

Legend (1) Crank pulley (2) Damper (3) Crankshaft

(4) Ring gear (5) Flywheel (6) Washer

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 63

ENGINE MECHANICAL 1. Remove the cooling fan. 2. Remove the fan belts. 3. Remove the crankshaft damper pulley from the crankshaft. • Block the crankshaft with a piece of hard wood to prevent the damper pulley from turning. • Diagonally loosen the damper pulley bolts. 4. Remove the flywheel from the crankshaft.

6A–63

Installation 1. Install the crankshaft damper pulley to the crankshaft. 1. Apply engine oil to the threads and setting faces of the crankshaft damper pulley bolts. 2. Block the crankshaft with a piece of hard wood to prevent the damper pulley from turning. 3. Install the crankshaft damper pulley. Use the locating dowel pin. 4. Tighten the crankshaft damper pulley bolts to the specified torque a little at a time in the numerical order shown in the illustration. Torque: 200 N·m (20.4 kgm)

015EY00174

2. Install the flywheel and washer to the crankshaft. 1. Block the crankshaft with a piece of hard wood to prevent the flywheel from turning. 2. Apply molybdenum disulfide grease to the flywheel bolt threads. 3. Install the flywheel. Use the locating pin. 4. Tighten the fixing bolts to the specified torque in three steps. Follow the numerical order shown in the illustration. Torque : 1st step : 78 N·m (8.0 kgm) 2nd step : 60 deg. 3rd step : 60 – 90 deg. NOTE : The flywheel housing bolts can be reused 6 times.

015EY00006

6 3 8

4 7

015EY00079

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 64

6A–64

ENGINE MECHANICAL

3. Install the fan belts. 4. Adjust the fan belt tension. Refer to “Fan Belt Inspection” in this manual.

2. Inspect the crankshaft damper for cracking or separation. If any abnormality on the crankshaft damper is found, inspect the crankshaft and the flywheel fixing bolts.

Disassembly Ring Gear 1. Strike around the edges of the ring gear with a hammer and brass bar to remove it.

014EY00117

Reassembly Ring Gear

1. Inspect the ring gear for damage or excessive wear. If the ring gear teeth are broken or excessively worn the ring gear must be replaced.

1. Install the ring gear to the flywheel. 1. Heat the ring gear evenly with a gas burner to invite thermal expansion. Do not allow the temperature of the gas burner to exceed 200°C (390°F). WARNING: Take care not to burn yourself on the heated ring gear. 2. Install the ring gear when it is sufficiently heated. The ring gear must be installed with the chamfer facing outside.

014EY00116

015LX103

015EY00075

Damper 1. Remove the damper from the crankshaft pulley.

Inspection and Repair

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 65

ENGINE MECHANICAL 3. Install the damper to the crankshaft pulley.

015EY00074

Diagonally tighten the damper fixing bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 48 N·m (4.9 kgm)

6A–65

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 66

6A–66

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Timing Gear Removal

14 13

12 6

7 5

020EY00004

Legend (1) Washer (2) Flywheel (3) Cover (4) Idler gear D (5) Idler gear shaft D (6) Flywheel housing (7) Oil seal

(8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14)

Slinger Idler gear shaft A Idler gear A Thrust collar Oil pump Idler gear B Idler gear shaft B

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–67

1. Remove the flywheel housing. Refer to “Flywheel Housing Removal” in this manual. 2. Measure the idler gear backlash. 1. Set a dial indicator to the idler gear. Hold both the gear to be checked and the adjoining gear stationary. Move the gear to be checked as far as possible both to the right and to the left. Take the dial indicator reading. If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the idler gear must be replaced. Idler Gear Backlash Standard : 0.10 – 0.17 mm (0.0039 - 0.0067 in) Limit : 0.30 mm (0. 12 in) 014EY00053

4. Remove the idler gear A, shaft, and thrust collar. Inspect the idler gear for damage or wear. Inspect the thrust collar for wear. 5. Remove the oil pump from the cylinder block. Inspect the gear shaft for abnormal play. Clean the fitting surfaces of the oil pump and remove the sealant residue. 6. Remove the idler gear B, shaft, and thrust collar. Inspect the idler gear for damage or wear. Inspect the shaft and thrust collar for wear. Clean the front surfaces of the cylinder block and remove the sealant residue.

Inspection and Repair 014EY00052

3. Measure the gear end play. Insert a feeler gauge between the idler gear and the thrust collar to measure the gap and determine the idler gear end play. If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the idler gear must be replaced. Idler Gear End Play Gear A and B Standard : 0.08 - 0.14 mm (0.0032 - 0.0055 in) Limit : 0.20 mm (0.008 in) Gear C Standard : 0.07 - 0.135 mm (0.0027 - 0.0053 in) Limit : 0.20 mm (0.008 in)

Make the necessary adjustments, repairs, and part replacements if excessive wear or damage is discovered during inspection. 1. Use a micrometer to measure the idler gear shaft outside diameter. If the measured value is less than the specified limit, the idler gear shaft and/or shaft must be replaced. Idler gear shaft outside diameter Shaft A Standard: 49.950 – 49.975 mm (1.9665 – 1.9675 in) Limit: 49.90 mm (1.9646 in) Shaft B and C Standard: 29.959 – 29.980 mm (1.1795 – 1.1803 in) Limit: 29.9 mm (1.1772 in)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 68

6A–68

ENGINE MECHANICAL 2. Tighten the idler gear shaft bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 31 N·m (3.2 kgm)

014EY00175

2. Use an inside dial indicator or an inside micrometer to measure the idler gear inside diameter. If the clearance between the idler gear shaft outside diameter and the idler gear inside diameter exceeds the limit, the idler gear and/or shaft must be replaced. Idler gear shaft and Idler gear clearance Shaft A Standard: 0.025 – 0.075 mm (0.00098 – 0.00295 in) Limit: 0.2 mm (0.008 in) Shaft B and C Standard: 0.020 – 0.062 mm (0.0008 – 0.0024 in) Limit: 0.2 mm (0.008 in)

014EY00054

2. Install the idler gear B to the idle gear shaft. 1. Apply engine oil to the idler gear B inside and thrust areas. 2. Install the idler gear to the idler gear shaft. 3. Tighten the idler gear bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 95 N·m (9.7 kgm)

014EY00055

014EY00176

Installation 1. Install the idler gear B shaft. 1. Install the idler gear B shaft to the cylinder body. The idler gear shaft oil port must be facing the cylinder head.

3. Install the oil pump to the cylinder block. 1. Carefully wipe any foreign material from the cylinder body rear surface. 2. Apply engine oil to the cylinder body inside bushing.

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–69

051EY00010

014EY00056

3. Apply ThreeBond TB1201 (or 1141E) or equivalent to the shaded areas shown in the illustration. CAUTION: The sealant must not obstruct the gear and oil ports (indicated by arrows).

4. Install the idler gear A and Idler gear shaft to the cylinder block. 1. Install the idler gear shaft (1) to the cylinder body. The idler gear shaft oil port must be facing the cylinder head. 2. Apply engine oil to the idler gear A inside and thrust areas.

1 051EY00011

4. Install the oil pump to the cylinder body within 15 minutes of sealant application. 5. Tighten the oil pump bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 24 N·m (2.4 kgm)

014EY00168

3. Install the idler gear A (1) to the idler gear shaft. 4. Align the crankshaft gear (2) L mark and the idler gear (1) 0 marks. 5. Tighten the idler gear bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 29 N·m (3.0 kgm) → 60 – 90°

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-2 2011.8.10 1:43 PM ページ 70

6A–70

ENGINE MECHANICAL

2 1

1 2

014EY00169

014EY00170

5. Install the flywheel housing. 1. Apply ThreeBond No. TB1201 (or TB1207C) or equivalent to the flywheel housing fitting faces and the area marked with an arrow in the illustration.

7. Install the cover with new gasket to the flywheel housing.

Do not apply sealant

020MX008

020EY00063

2. Install the flywheel housing to the cylinder block. Refer to “Flywheel Housing Installation” in this manual. 6. Install the idle gear D to the cylinder block. 1. Apply engine oil to the idler gear shaft (2). 2. Apply engine oil to the idler gear (1) inside and thrust areas. 3. Install the gear to the gear shaft. 4. Install the gear and shaft to the cylinder block. 5. Tighten the bolts over the thrust collar to the specified torque. Torque: 119 N·m (12.1 kgm)

8. Install the rear oil seal. Refer to “Flywheel Housing Installation” in this manual. 9. Install the flywheel to the crankshaft. Refer to “Flywheel Installation” in this manual.

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–71

Flywheel Housing Removal

7 5

020EY00060

Legend (1) Washer (2) Flywheel (3) Cover (4) Idler gear D

(5) (6) (7) (8)

Idler gear shaft D Flywheel housing Oil seal Oil slinger

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6A–72

ENGINE MECHANICAL

1. Remove the oil pan. Refer to “Oil Pan Removal” in this manual. 2. Loosen the flywheel fixing bolts to remove the flywheel. 1. Block the crankshaft with a piece of hard wood to prevent the flywheel from turning. 2. Loosen the flywheel bolts a little at a time in the numerical order shown in the illustration.

9. Use the slinger remover 894396-8580 to remove the slinger. Take care not to damage the crankshaft. CAUTION : Be careful not to damage the crankshaft oil seal contact surface during the removal procedure. NOTE : If the oil seal has been removed, both the oil seal and slinger must be replaced as a set.

6 3 8

2 4 7

015EY00079

020EY00061

3. Remove the cover for the idler gear D and the gasket. Discard the gasket 4. Loosen the idler gear shaft bolt. 5. Remove the idler gear and shaft. Inspect the idler gear for damage or wear. 6. Remove the idler gear shaft supporting bolts. 7. Loosen the flywheel housing fixing bolts to remove the flywheel housing. 8. Remove the rear oil seal.

020EY00021

Installation 1 Install the flywheel housing to the cylinder block. 1. Apply ThreeBond No. TB1201 or TB1207C or equivalent to the flywheel housing fitting faces and the area marked with an arrow in the illustration. 2. Tighten the flywheel housing bolts to the specified torque. 020MX011

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ENGINE MECHANICAL Torque : Bolt A : 73 N·m (7.4 kgm/54 lbft) Bolt B : 96 N·m (9.8 kgm/71 lbft) Bolt C : 73 N·m (7.4 kgm/54 lbft) Bolt D : 87 N·m (8.9 kgm/64 lbft) Bolt E : 119 N·m (12.1 kgm/88 lbft) Bolt F : 26 N·m (2.7 kgm/20 lbft) NOTE: 1. Mark B and D : Tighten the bolts together with the washers. 2 Mark G : Tighten from the cylinder block side.

6A–73

2 B

B D

014EY00170

3. Install the cover with new gasket. B F

A G

B B B

B B

020EY00057

2. Install the idler gear shaft to the cylinder block. 1. Apply engine oil to the idler gear shaft D. 2. Apply engine oil to the inside diameter and thrust portion of the idler gear D. 3. Install the idler gear with the shaft and the thrust collar. 4. Tighten the idler gear shaft bolts to the specified torque. Torque : 119 N·m (12.1 kgm)

020MX008

4. Install the rear slinger using the oil seal installer 894396-8560. 1. Install the slinger (1) to the end of adapter (2). Install the adapter to the crankshaft (3). NOTE : The rear slinger is gray and the front slinger is black. 2. Install the slinger sleeve (4) to the adapter. Tighten the center bolt (5) until the sleeve comes in contact with the adapter stopper.

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6A–74

ENGINE MECHANICAL 5. Use the oil seal installer 894396-8560 to install the oil seal.

1 4

020EY00058

3. After pressing in the slinger, make sure that the distance between crankshaft end surface and the slinger is A as specified. Distance (A) : 16.7 - 17.3mm (0.657 - 0.681 in) NOTE : Be sure to replace the slinger and oil seal as a set.

020EY00023

1. Apply engine oil to the oil seal lip. Do not allow engine oil to come in contact with the outside oil seal and felt ring. 2. Insert the oil seal (1) into the adapter (2) . 3. Insert the oil seal sleeve (3) to the adapter. 4. Tighten the center bolt until the sleeve comes into contact with the adapter stopper. 5. After pressing the oil seal, make sure that the distance between crankshaft end surface and the oil seal is B as specified. Distance (B) : 7.35 - 7.65 mm(0.289 - 0.301 in)

2 015MT002

020EY00064

6. Install the flywheel and washer to the crankshaft. 1. Block the crankshaft with a piece of hard wood to prevent the flywheel from turning .

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

015EY00175

2. Apply molybdenum disulfide grease to the flywheel bolt threads. 3. Install the flywheel. Use the locating pin. 4. Tighten the fixing bolts to the specified torque in three steps. Follow the numerical order shown in the illustration. Torque : 1st step : 78 N·m (8.0 kgm) 2nd step : 60 deg. 3rd step : 60 - 90 deg. NOTE : The flywheel housing bolts can be reused 6 times.

6 3 8

4 7

015EY00079

7. Install the oil pan with new gasket to the cylinder block. Refer to “Oil Pan Installation” in this manual.

6A–75

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 76

6A–76

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Oil Pan Removal

1 013EY00038

Legend (1) Clip (2) Oil pan

(3) Gasket (4) Oil strainer (5) Gasket

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 77

ENGINE MECHANICAL 1. Remove the breather hose clip. 2. Loosen the fixing nuts and bolts to remove the oil pan and gasket. Clean the lower cylinder block surfaces and remove the sealant residue.

6A–77

2. Apply a 3 mm bead of sealant (Three Bond No.1207B or equivalent) to the cylinder block and flywheel housing fitting faces (1) and the crankcase fitting faces (2).

013EY00040

013EY00002

3. Discard the oil pan gasket. 4. Remove the oil strainer from the cylinder block. Clean the oil strainer.

Installation 1. Install the oil strainer with new gasket. Tighten the fixing bolts to the specified torque. Torque: M8 Bolt : 24 N·m (2.4 kgm) M10 Bolt: 48 N·m (4.9 kgm)

013EY00039

NOTE: Do not damage the oil pan gasket as it is coated with rubber. 3. Install the oil pan with new gasket to the cylinder block. Tighten the oil pan nuts and bolts to the specified torque. Torque : 25 N·m (2.5 kgm)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 78

6A–78

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Front Cover Removal

2 1

015EY00177

Legend (1) Damper pulley (2) Oil seal (3) Adjusting plate (4) Front plate

(5) (6) (7) (8)

Gasket Slinger Crankshaft Crankcase

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 79

ENGINE MECHANICAL 1. Remove the water pump. Refer to “Water Pump Removal” in this manual. 2. Remove the alternator. Refer to “Alternator Removal” to this manual. 3. Remove the adjusting plate from the front cover. 4. Remove the crankshaft damper pulley from the crankshaft. • Block the crankshaft with a piece of hard wood to prevent the damper pulley from turning. • Diagonally loosen the damper pulley bolts.

6A–79

7. Use the slinger remover 8-94396-858-0 to remove the slinger. • Discard the removed oil seal and slinger. NOTE: If the oil seal has been removed, both the oil seal and slinger must be replaced as a set.

015MX018

Installation

015EY0006

5. Remove the front plate. • Insert bolts into the remover holes on the front plate to remove it.

1. Install the front cover to the cylinder block. 1. Apply a 2 - 3 mm bead of sealant ThreeBond 1207C or equivalent to the front cover grooves. 2. Install the gasket (1). 3. Immediately (within 10 minutes of applying the sealant) set the front cover to the cylinder block.

020EY00062 020MX020

6. Remove the front oil seal from the front plate. Use a screwdriver to pry the oil seal from the front plate. Take care not to damage the oil seal fitting faces.

4. Tighten the front cover bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 19 N·m (1.9 kgm)

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6A–80

ENGINE MECHANICAL

4 A 3 5 2

020EY00008

2. Install the adjusting plate to the front plate.

015EY00178

4. Install the front oil seal to the front plate. Use the oil seal installer kit 8-94396-856-0 to install the oil seal. 1. Apply engine oil to the oil seal lip. 2. Insert the oil seal (1) into the adapter (2). 3. Install the oil seal sleeve (3) to the adapter. 4. Tighten the center bolt until the sleeve comes into contact with the adapter stopper (marked with an arrow). 5. After pressing in the oil seal, make sure that the distance between the crankshaft end surface and oil seal (B) is the specified value. Distance (B): 8.35 - 8.65 mm (0.33 - 0.34 in)

020EY00007

3. Install the slinger to the crankshaft. • Use the oil seal installer 8-94396-856-0 to install the slinger. NOTE: The front slinger is black and the rear slinger is gray. 1. Insert the slinger (1) to the end of adapter (2), and install the adapter to the crankshaft. 2. Install the slinger sleeve (4) to the adapter and tighten the center bolt (5) until the sleeve comes into contact with the adapter stopper (marked with an arrow). 3. After pressing in the slinger, make sure that the distance between the crankshaft end surface and the slinger is the specified value.” Distance (A): 17.7 - 18.3 mm (0.70 - 18.3 in) NOTE: Be sure to replace the slinger and oil seal as a set.

1 2 B 3

015EY00179

5. Install the crankshaft damper pulley to the crankshaft. 1. Apply engine oil to the threads and setting faces of the crankshaft damper pulley bolts. 2. Block the crankshaft with a piece of hard wood to prevent the damper pulley from turning.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 81

ENGINE MECHANICAL 3. Install the crankshaft damper pulley. Use the locating dowel pin. 4. Tighten the crankshaft damper pulley bolts to the specified torque a little at a time in the numerical order shown in the illustration. Torque: 200 N·m (20.4 kgm)

015EY00006

015EY00174

6. Install the water pump to the front plate. Refer to “Water Pump Installation” in this manual. 7. Install the alternator. Refer to “Alternator Installation” in this manual. 8. Adjust the fan belt tension. Refer to “Fan Belt Inspection” in this manual.

6A–81

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6A–82

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Piston Removal

1 2

015EY00180

Legend (1) Bearing cap (2) Bolt

(3) Bearings (4) Piston with connecting rod

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 83

6A–83

Installation 1. Install the piston with connecting rod. 1. Clean the piston in solvent to remove all sludge. 2. Wipe away any foreign material in the cylinder bores and on the pistons and connecting rods. 3. Install the upper connecting rod bearings to the connecting rods. 4. Install the lower connecting rod bearings to the bearing caps.

012EY00018

2. Loosen the connecting rod cap bolts. 5. Apply engine oil to the cylinder wall, upper/lower bearing surfaces and crank pins of the crankshaft. Apply engine oil to the entire circumference of the piston rings. 6. Position the piston ring gap as shown in the illustration. Gap position: (1) 1st compression ring (2) 2nd compression ring (3) 3rd compression ring (4) Oil ring (5) Coil expander

015EY00083

3. Move the piston to the top of the cylinder and tap it with a hammer grip or similar object from the connecting rod lower side to drive it out. CAUTION : Take care not to damage the oil jets. 4. Remove the connecting rod bearings. • Keep the connecting rod bearings in order for reinstallation to their original positions. • Inspect the connecting rod bearings for damage and wear.

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6A–84

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Front mark 1

2,5

012HW002

015EY00095

7. Position the piston head front mark (1) so that it is facing the front of the engine. NOTE : The connecting rod forging mark (projecting) (2) must be facing the opposite direction.

11. Apply molybdenum disulfide grease to the threads and setting faces of each connecting rod bolt. 12. Install the connecting rod bearing cap. 13. Align the bearing cap cylinder number mark and the connecting rod cylinder number mark.

015EY00181

8. Apply engine oil or molybdenum disulfide grease to the piston skirt. 9. Bring the piston to which the crankpin is to be installed to top dead center. 10. Use a piston setting tool to install the piston with connecting rod to the cylinder block. At this time, rotate the crankshaft until the piston is at bottom dead center. CAUTION : Do not bend or damage the oil jet.

015EY00182

14. Tighten the connecting rod cap bolts in three steps using the angular tightening method. Torque: 1st step : 39 N·m (4.0 kgm) 2nd step : 60 deg. 3rd step : 30 - 60 deg. 1. Check that the crankshaft rotates smoothly. 2. Install the oil pan to the cylinder block. Refer to “Oil Pan Installation” in this manual. 3. Install the cylinder head to the cylinder block. Refer to “Cylinder Head Installation” in this manual.

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–85

Disassembly

1 2

5 7

015EY00119

Legend (1) Piston rings (2) Snap ring (3) Piston pin (4) Piston

(5) Connecting rod (6) Connecting rod cap (7) Bearings

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6A–86

ENGINE MECHANICAL

CAUTION: Do not bend or damage the oil jet. NOTE: When removing the piston and connection rod assembly, pull the connecting rod parallel to the cylinder bore. 1. Remove the connecting rod cap. 2. Remove the bearings. • Take out the connecting rod bearing cap bolts and disassemble the bearing cap with the lower bearing. • Keep the connecting rod bearings in order for reinstallation to their original position. 3. Remove the piston rings. • Clamp the connecting rod in a vise. Take care not to damage the connecting rod. • Use a piston ring replacer to remove the piston rings. Do not use some other tool to remove the piston rings. Piston ring stretching will result in reduced piston ring tension.

015EY00098

5. Remove the piston pin. 6. Remove the piston. 7. Remove the connecting rod. Tap out the piston pin with a hammer and a brass bar. Keep the piston and piston rings in order for installation to their original position.

Inspection and Repair Make the necessary adjustments, repairs, and part replacements if excessive wear or damage is discovered during inspection.

Piston Ring Gap

4. Remove the snap ring (1). Use a pair of snap ring pliers to remove the snap rings.

1. Insert the piston ring horizontally (in the position it would assume if it were installed to the piston) into the cylinder liner bore. 2. Push the piston ring into the cylinder liner bore until it reaches the point where the cylinder liner bore is the smallest. Do not allow the piston ring to slant to one side or the other. It must be perfectly horizontal.

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–87

Piston Ring and Piston Ring Groove Clearance 1. Visually inspect the piston ring grooves. If a piston ring groove is damaged or distorted, the piston must be replaced. 2. Use a feeler gauge (1) to measure the clearance between the piston ring and the piston ring groove at several points around the piston. 3. When measuring the clearance for the 1st piston ring, press the 1st piston ring with a straight gauge (2) as shown in the illustration.

015EY00099

3. Use a feeler gage to measure the piston ring gap. If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the piston ring must be replaced. Piston ring gap 1st ring: Standard: 0.18 – 0.28 mm (0.0071 – 0.0110 in.) Limit: 1.2 mm (0.047 in.) 2nd, 3rd ring: Standard: 0.35 – 0.50 mm (0.0138 – 0.0197 in.) Limit: 1.2 mm (0.047 in.) Oil ring: Standard: 0.15 – 0.35 mm (0.0059 – 0.0138 in.) Limit: 1.2 mm (0.047 in.)

015EY00100

015EY00101

Piston ring and piston ring groove clearance 1st ring: Standard: 0.057 – 0.097 mm (0.0022 – 0.0038 in.) Limit: 0.2 mm (0.0079 in.) 2nd, 3rd ring: Standard: 0.085 – 0.120 mm (0.0033 – 0.0047 in.) Limit: 0.20 mm (0.787 in.) Oil ring: Standard: 0.020 – 0.060 mm (0.0008 – 0.0024 in.) Limit: 0.15 mm (0.0059 in.)

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6A–88

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Piston Pin Diameter Use a micrometer to measure the piston pin outside diameter at several points If the measured value is less than the specified limit, the piston pin must be replaced. Piston pin diameter Standard: 35.995 – 36.000 mm (1.4171 – 1.4173 in.) Limit: 35.95 mm (1.4154 in.)

015HY00030

Piston Ring Expansion Force Use an expansion force gauge to measure the piston ring expansion force. Piston ring expansion force 1st ring: Standard: 22.7 – 30.7 N (2.31 – 3.13 kg) Limit: 12 N (1.2 kg) 2nd ring: Standard: 16.7 – 22.6 N (1.70 –2.30 kg) Limit: 5.9 N (0.6 kg) 3rd ring: Standard: 20.8 – 28.2 N (2.12 – 2.08 kg) Limit: 4.9 N (0.5 kg) Oil ring: Standard: 43.0 – 58.1 N (4.38 – 5.92 kg) Limit: 41 N (4.2 kg)

Piston Pin Hole and Piston Pin Clearance Use a inside dial indicator to measure the piston pin hole (in the piston). Piston pin hole and piston pin clearance Standard: 0.004 – 0.017 mm (0.0003 – 0.0008 in.)

Piston Pin and Connecting Rod Small End Bushing Clearance Use a caliper and dial indicator to measure the clearance between the piston pin and connecting rod small end bushing If the clearance between the piston pin and the connecting rod small end bushing exceeds the specified limit, replace the piston pin and/or the connecting rod assembly. Small end bushing clearance Standard: 0.012 – 0.027 mm (0.00047 – 0.0011 in.) Limit: 0.05 mm (0.0020 in.)

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–89

Crankshaft and Connecting Rod Bearing Clearance

015EY00102

Connecting Rod Alignment Use a connecting rod aligner to measure the distortion and the parallelism between the connecting rod big end hole and the connecting rod small end hole. If either the measured distortion or parallelism exceeds the specified limit, the connecting rod must be replaced. Connecting rod alignment Per length of 100 mm (3.94 in.) Standard: 0.05 mm (0.002 in.) or less Limit: 0.20 mm (0.008 in.)

1. Clean the crankshaft, connecting rod, bearing cap, and bearings. 2. Install the bearing to the connecting rod and bearing cap. 3. Apply a coat of molybdenum disulfide grease to the bearing cap bolt threads and setting faces. 4. Prevent the connecting rod from moving. 5. Tighten the bearing cap to the specified torque. Connecting rod bearing cap bolt torque 1st step: 39 N·m (4.0 kgm) 2nd step: 60 deg. 3rd step: 30 – 60 deg. 6. Use a dial indicator to measure the connecting rod bearing inside diameter. Crankpin and connecting rod bearing clearance Standard: 0.037 – 0.076 mm (0.0015 – 0.0030 in.) Limit: 0.1 mm (0.0034 in.)

A 1

7. If the clearance between the measured bearing inside diameter and the crankpin exceeds the specified limit, the bearing and/or crankshaft must be replaced.

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6A–90

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Piston and Liner Bore Clearance

1 2

A B

B A

If the cylinder liner has been replaced, install the piston using service parts. The cylinder liner bore and pistons have only one grade. It is not necessary to select the piston grade. 1. Measure the cylinder liner bore. (Reference) Refer to the “Cylinder Liner Bore Measurement.” Measuring Point 130 mm (5.118 in.) Cylinder liner bore Standard: 115.031 – 115.050 mm (4.5288 – 4.5295 in.)

Connecting Rod and Crankshaft Clearance 1. Fix the connecting rod assembly to the crankshaft using the specified torque. 2. Use a feeler gauge to measure the clearance between the connecting rod and crankshaft. If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the connecting rod must be replaced. Connecting rod and crankshaft clearance Standard: 0.17 – 0.30 mm (0.0067 – 0.0118 in.) Limit: 0.35 mm (0.0138 in.)

012EY00034

2. Measure the piston outside diameter (Reference). Piston Measuring Point: 80 mm (3.15 in.)

015EY00062

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–91

The grade mark is stamped on the top of the piston installed at the factory, but service part pistons do not have any grade (single grade). Piston outside diameter Standard: 114.894 – 114.909 mm (4.5233 – 4.5240 in.) Piston and Liner bore clearance Standard: 0.122 – 0156 mm (0.0048 – 0.0061 in.) If the piston and liner clearance exceeds the standard value, the piston and/or liner must be replaced. CAUTION: Cylinder liner kit clearances are preset. However, the cylinder liner installation procedure may result in slight decreases in cylinder liner clearances. Always measure the cylinder liner clearance after installation to be sure that its is correct. 015EY00183

Reassembly 1. Install the snap ring (1). Use a pair of snap ring pliers to reassemble the snap ring to the piston. 2. Install the connecting rod and piston pin. • Clamp the connecting rod in a vise. Take care not to damage the connecting rod. • Install the piston so that the piston head front mark and the connecting rod front mark face the opposite direction.

• Use the piston ring setting tool 1-85221-029-0 to reassemble the four piston rings according to the top mark on the piston ring. The oil ring does not have a top mark. NOTE: Insert the expander coil into the oil ring groove so that there is no gap on either side of the expander coil before installing the oil ring.

015EY00098

• Apply engine oil to the piston pin. • Insert the piston pin to the connecting rod through the piston pin hole in the piston. • Install the snap ring. 3. Install the piston ring. • Apply engine oil to the piston rings. • Install the compression rings with the stamped side facing up.

• Check that the piston rings rotate smoothly in the piston ring grooves. 4. Install the connecting rod bearing. Carefully wipe any oil or other foreign material from the connecting rod bearing back faces and the bearing fitting surfaces.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 92

6A–92

ENGINE MECHANICAL

5. Install the connecting rod cap. • Fit the lower connecting rod bearing to the connecting rod cap. • Apply engine oil to the circumference of each piston ring, piston and crankpin. • Position the piston ring gaps as shown in the illustration. Gap position (1) 1st compression ring (2) 2nd compression ring (3) 3rd compression ring (4) Oil ring (5) Coil expander

015EY00181

• Use a piston ring setting tool to compress the piston rings.

Front mark 1

2,5

012HW002

• Apply molybdenum disulfide grease to the two piston skirts. This will facilitate smooth break-in when the engine is first started after reassembly. • Apply engine oil to the upper connecting rod bearing. • Apply engine oil to the cylinder wall. • Position the front mark (1) on the piston head so that it is facing the front of the engine.

015EY00095

• Use a hummer grip to push the piston in until the connecting rod marks contact the crankpin. As the same time, rotate the crankshaft until the crankpin is at bottom dead center. CAUTION: Do not bend or damage the oil jet.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 93

ENGINE MECHANICAL • Align the connecting rod cap cylinder number marks and the connecting rod cylinder number marks.

015EY00182

• Install the connecting rod caps. • Apply molybdenum disulfide grease to the threads and setting faces of each connecting rod bolt. • Tighten the connecting rod bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 1st step: 39 N·m (4.0 kgm) 2nd step: 60 deg. 3rd step: 30 – 60 deg.

015EY00083

6A–93

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 94

6A–94

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Crankshaft Removal

2 1 6

10 8

015EY00184

Legend (1) Crank pulley (2) Oil seal (3) Adjusting plate (4) Front cover (5) Gasket (6) Piston with connecting rod

(7) (8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13)

Connecting rod bearing Thrust bearings Thrust bearings Crank bearings Crankshaft Slinger Crankcase

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 95

ENGINE MECHANICAL 1. Remove the cylinder head assembly. Refer to “Cylinder Head Removal” in this manual. 2. Remove the oil pan. Refer to “Oil Pan Removal” in this manual. 3. Remove the flywheel housing . Refer to “Flywheel Housing Removal” in this manual. 4. Remove the crank pulley. Refer to “Crank Pulley Removal” in this manual. 5. Remove the front cover. Refer to “Front Cover Removal” in this manual. 6. Remove the timing gears. Refer to “Timing Gear Removal “ in this manual. 7. Remove to the piston with the connecting rod. Refer to “Piston Removal “ in this manual. 8. Measure the crankshaft end play at No. 7 crankshaft journal before removing the crankshaft thrust bearing. Crankshaft end play Standard: 0.04 - 0.205 mm (0.0016 - 0. 81 in) Limit : 0.54 mm (0. 021 in) If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the crankshaft thrust bearing must be replaced.

6A–95

012EY00057

2. Loosen the crankcase bolts (M10/25 pieces) evenly from outside to inside. 3. Screw M10 bolts (crankcase bolts) into the four thread holes (marked with asterisks) and tighten them evenly. Separate the crankcase from the cylinder block.

＊

015EY00084 012MX006

9. Remove the crankcase. 1. Loosen the crankcase bolts (M14/14 pieces) a little at a time in the numerical order shown in the illustration.

4. Remove the thrust bearing . Clean the crankcase surfaces and remove the sealant residue. 10. Remove the crankshaft from the cylinder block. 11. Remove the upper crankshaft bearings. • Keep the crankshaft bearings in order for installation to their original position. • Clean the cylinder block surfaces and bores. Remove the sealant residue and carbon deposits. • Use compressed air to thoroughly clean the inside and outside surfaces of the cylinder block, the oil holes, and the water jackets.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 96

6A–96

ENGINE MECHANICAL

WARNING: Wear safety glasses when using compressed air as flying dirt particles may cause eye injury.

3. Install the upper bearings to their original position, if they are reused. CAUTION: Do not apply engine oil to the bearing back faces and cylinder block bearing surfaces.

Installation 1. Install the upper crankshaft bearings to the cylinder block . 1. Use compressed air to thoroughly clean the inside and outside surfaces of the cylinder block, the oil holes, and the water jackets. WARNING: Compressed air can cause personal injury when used for cleaning. Wear safety glasses and protective clothing.

012EY00059

2. Install the crankshaft thrust bearing to the cylinder block. 1. Apply engine oil to the thrust bearing oil grooves before installation. 2. Install the thrust bearing to the crankshaft No.7 journal. Thrust bearing oil grooves must face the sliding surface. 012EY00058

2. Carefully wipe any foreign material from the upper crankshaft bearings and the cylinder block bearing fitting surfaces. • The upper crankshaft bearings have an oil hole and oil groove. The lower crankshaft bearings have only a partial oil groove.

Upper

015EY00194

3. Install the crankshaft to the cylinder block. • Carefully wipe any foreign material from the crankshaft. • Apply engine oil to the crankshaft journal and the crankshaft bearing sliding surfaces before installing the crankshaft.

Lower

015EY00185

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–97

015EY00088

015EY00090

4. Install the upper side crankshaft thrust bearings. 1. Apply engine oil to the thrust bearing oil grooves before installation. 2. Install the thrust bearing to the crankshaft No.7 journal.

6. Install the lower crankcase to the cylinder block. 1. Carefully wipe any foreign material from the lower bearing back and sliding faces. 2. Install the lower bearings to their original position if they are reused.

015EY00089

015EY00189

5. Install the lower side crankshaft thrust bearings. 1. Apply engine oil to the thrust bearing oil grooves before installation. 2. Install the thrust bearings to the crankcase. Thrust bearing oil grooves must face the sliding surface.

3. Apply engine oil to the lower bearing sliding surfaces. 4. Apply unbroken strips of ThreeBond 1207B or equivalent to the lower face of the cylinder block as shown in the illustration. The sealant must be 3 - 4 mm (0.12 - 0.16 in) wide. NOTE: Immediately (within 10 minutes of applying the sealant) set the lower crankcase to the cylinder block. NOTE: Do not allow the lower crankshaft bearings and thrust bearing to fall free.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 98

6A–98

ENGINE MECHANICAL

012EY00014

012EY00015

5. Apply molybdenum disulfide grease to the lower crankcase bolt threads and setting faces.

7. Check that the crankshaft rotates smoothly. NOTE: Lower crankcase bolts can be reused six (6) times. 8. Tighten the lower crankcase M10 bolts a little at a time in the numerical order shown in the illustration. Torque: 37 N·m (3.8 kgm)

012EY00061

6. Tighten the crankcase M14 bolts in three steps using the angular tightening method. Torque: 1st Step: 98 N·m (10 kgm) 2nd Step: 132 N·m (13.5 km) 3rd Step: 30 - 60 deg.

19 15 11 7

13 17 21

20 16 12 8

6 10 14 18

012EY00062

CAUTION: The lower crankcase and the cylinder block are machined as a single unit. They can not be replaced separately. Always replace the lower crankcase and the cylinder block as a set. 7. Install the piston with the connecting rod. Refer to “Piston Installation” in this manual. 8. Install the timing gears to the cylinder block. Refer to “Timing Gear Installation” in this manual. 9. Install the flywheel housing to the cylinder block. Refer to “Flywheel Housing Installation” in this manual.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 99

ENGINE MECHANICAL 10. Install the flywheel to the crankshaft. Refer to “Flywheel Installation” in this manual. 11. Install the front cover to the cylinder block. Refer to “Front Cover Installation” in this manual. 12. Install the crankshaft damper pulley. Refer to “Crank Pulley and Flywheel Installation” in this manual. 13. Install the oil pan to the cylinder block. Refer to “Oil Pan Installation” in this manual. 14. Install the cylinder head to the cylinder block. Refer to “Cylinder Head Installation” in this manual. 15. Install the camshaft to the cylinder head. Refer to “Camshaft Installation” in this manual. 16. Install the rocker arm assembly to the cylinder head. Refer to “Rocker Arm Assembly Installation” in this manual. 17. Adjust the valve clearance. Refer to “Valve Clearance Adjustment” in this manual. 18. Install the cylinder head cover to the cylinder head. Refer to “Cylinder Head Installation” in this manual. 19. Install the water pump to the front cover. Refer to “Water Pump Installation” in this manual. 20. Install the alternator to the engine. Refer to “Alternator Installation” in this manual. 21. Adjust the fan belt tension. Refer to “Fan Belt Tension Adjustment” in this manual. 22. Install the turbocharger . Refer to “Turbocharger Installation” in this manual. 23. Install the cooling fan and fan guide. Refer to “Water Pump Installation” in this manual.

6A–99

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 100

6A–100

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Disassembly

3 2

015EY00191

Legend (1) Crankshaft (2) Pin

(3) Crankshaft gear

1. Use the crankshaft gear remover 8-94396-818-0 to remove the crankshaft gear. NOTE: Do not remove the crankshaft gear from the crankshaft unless the gear is damaged.

014EY00115

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

Inspection and Repair Make the necessary adjustments, repairs, and part replacements if excessive wear or damage is discovered during inspection. Crankshaft Inspect the surface of the crankshaft journals and crankpins for excessive wear and damage. Inspect the oil ports for obstructions.

6A–101

Crankshaft Run-Out 1. Set a dial indicator to the center of the No.4 crankshaft journal. 2. Gently turn the crankshaft in the normal direction of engine rotation. Read the dial indicator as you turn the crankshaft. If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the crankshaft must be replaced. Standard: 0.06 mm (0.0024 in) or less Limit: 0.45 mm (0.018 in)

014EY00118

Bearing Spread Check the bearing spread. Finger pressure should be sufficient to fit the bearing into position. If the bearing fits loosely, it must be replaced.

015EY00189

014EY00120

Crankshaft Journal and Crankpin Diameter 1. Use a micrometer to measure the crankshaft journal diameter across points (1) – (1) and (2) – (2). 2. Use the micrometer to measure the crankshaft journal diameter at the two points ((3) and (4)). 3. Repeat Steps 1 and 2 to measure the crankshaft pin diameter. Crankshaft journal diameter Standard: No. 4 journal: 81.875 – 81.895 mm (3.2234 – 3.2242 in) Others: 81.905 – 81.925 mm (3.2246 – 3.2254 in) Crankshaft pin diameter Standard: 65.902 – 65.922 mm (2.5946 – 2.5953 in) Crankshaft journal and crankpin uneven wear Limit: 0.05 mm (0.0020 in)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 102

6A–102

ENGINE MECHANICAL 5. Tighten the lower crankcase M10 bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 37 N·m (3.8 kgm) 1

3 4

19 15 11 7

13 17 21

20 16 12 8

6 10 14 18

015EY00195

Crankshaft Bearing Inside Diameter 1. Clean the cylinder body and lower crankcase bearing fitting surfaces. Clean the bearing inside and outside surfaces. 2. Install the lower crankcase with the bearings to the cylinder body. 3. Apply molybdenum disulfide grease to the lower crankcase bolt threads and setting faces. 4. Tighten the lower crankcase M14 bolts in three steps using the angular tightening method. Torque: 1st step : 98 N·m (10 kgm) 2nd step: 132 N·m (13.5 kgm) 3rd step: 30 – 60 deg. NOTE: Cylinder body lower crankcase M14 bolts can be reused 6 times.

012EY00062

6. Use an inside dial indicator to measure the crankshaft bearing inside diameter. Crankshaft Journal and Bearing Clearance If the clearance between the measured bearing inside diameter and the crankshaft journal diameter exceeds the specified limit, the crankshaft must be replaced. Crankshaft journal and Bearing clearance Standard: No.4 journal: 0.093 – 0.124 mm (0.00366 – 0.00488 in) Others: 0.063 – 0.094 mm (0.00248 – 0.00370 in) Limit: 0.14 mm (0.0055 in)

014EY00121

012EY00015

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 103

ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–103

Crankshaft Tufftriding Inspection

Crankshaft Tufftriding Judgment

• Use an organic cleaner to thoroughly clean the crankshaft. There must be no oil on the crankshaft. • Prepare a 5 – 10% solution of ammonium cuprous chloride (dissolved in distilled water). • Use a syringe to apply the solution to the crankshaft. Hold the surface perfectly horizontal to prevent the solution from running. NOTE: Do not allow the solution to come in contact with the oil ports and their surrounding area.

• Wait for 30 to 40 seconds. If there is no discoloration after 30 or 40 seconds, the crankshaft is usable. If discoloration appears (the surface being tested will become the color of copper), the crankshaft must be replaced. • Steam clean the crankshaft surface immediately after completing the test. NOTE: the ammonium cuprous chloride solution is highly corrosive. Because of this, it is imperative that the surfaces being tested by cleaned immediately after completing the test.

The portion to be tested must be held horizontally so as not to let the test solution flow. The sliding surface of the pin or journal.

Test liquid should not be applied to the area around the oil port.

Approximatery 10mm (0.4in)

015EY00113

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 104

6A–104

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Reassembly

3 2

015EY00191

Legend (1) Crankshaft (2) Pin

(3) Crankshaft gear

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-3 2011.8.10 1:55 PM ページ 105

ENGINE MECHANICAL 1. Install the crankshaft gear to the crankshaft (if necessary). 1. Install the crankshaft timing gear alignment pin. 2. Heat the crankshaft gear evenly with a gas burner to invite thermal expansion. Do not allow the temperature of the gas burner to exceed 180°C (356°F). If the crankshaft gear is not heated, it may break during installation. 3. Use the crankshaft gear installer 8-94396-819-0 to install the crankshaft gear.

015EY00131

The crankshaft gear timing mark L (1) must be facing out.

015EY00192

Take care not to damage the crankshaft and crankshaft gear. WARNING: TAKE CARE NOT TO BURN YOURSELF ON THE HEATED CRANKSHAFT GEAR.

6A–105

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-4 2011.8.10 1:57 PM ページ 106

6A–106

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Cylinder Block Removal

3 5

012EY00012

Legend (1) Oil pressure switch (2) Crankcase

(3) Oil jet (4) Cylinder liner (5) Cylinder block

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-4 2011.8.10 1:57 PM ページ 107

ENGINE MECHANICAL 1. Remove the turbocharger. Refer to “Turbocharger Removal” in this manual. 2. Remove the fan guide from the engine (If so equipped.) 3. Remove the water pump. Refer to “Water Pump” in this manual. 4. Remove the alternator. Refer to “Alternator Removal” in this manual. 5. Remove the injection pump. Refer to “Injection Pump Removal” in this manual. 6. Remove the bearing case. Refer to “Bearing Case Removal” in this manual. 7. Remove the oil cooler assembly. Refer to “Oil Cooler Removal” in this manual. 8. Remove the cylinder head cover Refer to “Cylinder Head Removal” in this manual. 9. Remove the cylinder head . Refer to “Cylinder Head Removal” in this manual. 10. Remove the oil pan. Refer to “Oil Pan Removal” in this manual. 11. Remove the crank pulley. Refer to “Crank Pulley Removal” in this manual. 12. Remove the front cover. Refer to “Front Cover Removal” in this manual. 13. Remove the flywheel housing. Refer to “Flywheel Housing Removal” in this manual. 14. Remove the timing gears. Refer to “Timing Gear Removal” in this manual. 15. Remove the piston from the cylinder block. Refer to “Piston Removal” in this manual. 16. Remove the crankshaft from the cylinder block. Refer to “Crankshaft Removal” in this manual. 17. Use compressed air to thoroughly clean the inside and outside surfaces of the cylinder block, the oil holes, and the water jackets. WARNING: Compressed air can cause personal injury when used for cleaning. Wear safety glasses and protective clothing.

Installation 1. Install the crankshaft to the cylinder block. Refer to “Crankshaft Installation” in this manual. 2. Install the piston into the cylinder block. Refer to “Piston Installation” in this manual. 3. Install the timing gears to the cylinder block. Refer to “Timing Gear Installation” in this manual. 4. Install the bearing case to the cylinder block. Refer to “Bearing Case Installation” in this manual. 5. Install the flywheel housing to the cylinder block. Refer to “Flywheel Housing Installation” in this manual.

6A–107

6. Install the flywheel to the crankshaft. Refer to “Crank Pulley and Flywheel Installation” in this manual. 7. Install the front cover to the cylinder block. Refer to “Front Cover Installation” in this manual. 8. Install the crank pulley to the crankshaft. Refer to “Crank Pulley and Flywheel Installation” in this manual. 9. Install the oil pan to the cylinder block. Refer to “Oil Pan Installation” in this manual. 10. Install the oil cooler to the cylinder block. Refer to “Oil Cooler Installation” in this manual. 11. Install the injection pump to the cylinder block. Refer to “Injection Pump Installation” in this manual. 12. Install the cylinder head to the cylinder block. Refer to “Cylinder Head Installation” in this manual. 13. Install the camshaft to the cylinder head. Refer to “Camshaft Installation” in this manual. 14. Install the rocker arm assembly to the cylinder head. Refer to “Rocker Arm Assembly Installation” in this manual. 15. Adjust the valve clearance. Refer to “Valve Clearance Adjustment” in this manual. 16. Install the cylinder head cover to the cylinder head. Refer to “Cylinder Head Installation” in this manual. 17. Install the cylinder head cover to the cylinder head. Refer to “Cylinder Head Installation” in this manual. 18. Install the water pump to the front plate. Refer to “Water Pump Installation” in this manual. 19. Install the alternator. Refer to “Alternator Installation” in this manual. 20. Adjust the fan belt tension. Refer to “Fan Belt Adjustment” in this manual. 21. Install the turbocharger . Refer to “Turbocharger Installation” in this manual. 22. Install the cooling fan and fan guide. Refer to “Water Pump Installation” in this manual.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-4 2011.8.10 1:57 PM ページ 108

6A–108

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Disassembly

3 5

012EY00012

Legend (1) Oil pressure switch (2) Crankcase

(3) Oil jet (4) Cylinder liner (5) Cylinder block

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-4 2011.8.10 1:57 PM ページ 109

ENGINE MECHANICAL 1. Remove the lower crankcase. • Loosen the fixing bolts to disassemble the lower crankcase. • Place the crankcase on a flat piece of wool. 2. Remove the oil jet. Loosen the bolt to remove the oil jet. NOTE: Take care not to bend or damage the oil jet. 3. Remove the cylinder liner. • Use a scraper to remove carbon deposits. • Use a cylinder bore dial indicator to measure the cylinder bore in the thrust and axial direction of the crankshaft before removing the cylinder liner. Measuring point: 20 – 25 mm (0.79 – 1.0 in.) If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the cylinder liner must be replaced. Cylinder liner bore Limit: 115.2 mm (4.5354 in.) NOTE: If the inside of the cylinder liner is scored or scratched, the cylinder liner must be replaced.

6A–109

Inspection and Repair Make the necessary adjustment, repairs, and part replacements if excessive wear or damage is discovered during inspection.

Cylinder Block Flatness • Remove the cylinder liners. • Inspect the cylinder block for cracks and other damage. Check the oil and water holes for clogging. If possible, use dye pendant flow detector.

012EY00043

• Use a straight edge (1) and a feeler gauge (2) to measure cylinder block upper face warpage (4 sides and 2 diagonals as shown in the illustration). Upper face warpage Limit: 0.2 mm (0.008 in.)

012EY00036

The cylinder liner is a loose fit type. The cylinder liner can be removed with hands. If the cylinder liner removal is difficult, press it from crankcase side. Visually inspect the cylinder block for damage.

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6A–110

ENGINE MECHANICAL

If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the cylinder block must be replaced.

Liner Outside Grade No.

2 012EY00065

012EY00064

• Apply water under pressure to the cylinder body water jacket to check for leakages. Water Pressure: 490 kPa (5 kg/cm2) If water leakage is found, the cylinder block must be replaced.

Grade No.

Cylinder Liner Grade Selection and Standard Fitting Interference Accurately measured fitting interference and proper cylinder liner grade selection are extremely important. If the cylinder liner fitting interference is too small, engine cooling efficiency will be adversely affected. If the cylinder liner fitting interference is too large, it will be difficult to insert the cylinder liner into the cylinder block. A mark was stamped on the left side of the cylinder block during production to indicate the correct liner. The liner grade (1, 2, 3) is indicated by a metal stamp. Cylinder liner grade Liner Grade

Cylinder Bore Service Diameter mm (in.) Grade

Liner Outside Diameter mm (in.)

1, 2

118.001 – 118.020 (4.64571 – 4.64646)

117.991 – 118.000 (4.64531 – 4.64567)

118.021 – 118.030 (4.64650 – 4.64685)

118.001 – 118.010 (4.64571 – 4.64606)

The cylinder liner grade is stamped on the outside of the cylinder liner.

012EY00066

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

Cylinder Bore Measurement

6A–111

Oil Jet

If the marking is not clear, measure the cylinder bore inside diameter. • Use a cylinder bore dial indicator to measure the cylinder bore in the thrust and axial direction of the crankshaft. Measuring points: 20 mm (0.79 in) 110 mm (4.33 in) 190 mm (7.18 in)

Check the oil port on the oil jet for clogging.

012EY00039

Cylinder Liner Projection

012EY00034

Lower Crankcase Visually inspect the lower crankcase for cracking and damage. If possible, use dye penetrant flaw detector.

012EY00038

• Use a dial indicator or a straight edge and feeler gauge to measure the cylinder liner projection. Cylinder liner projection Standard: 0.06 – 0.10 mm (0.0024 – 0.0039 in.) The difference in the cylinder liner projection height between any adjacent cylinders must not exceed the limit. Projection height between adjacent cylinders: 0.03 mm (0.0012 in.) or less

012EY00045

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6A-4 2011.8.10 1:57 PM ページ 112

6A–112

ENGINE MECHANICAL

Reassembly

3 5

012EY00012

Legend (1) Oil pressure switch (2) Crankcase

(3) Oil jet (4) Cylinder liner (5) Cylinder block

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ENGINE MECHANICAL

6A–113

1. Install the cylinder liner to the cylinder block. • Use new kerosene or diesel fuel to thoroughly clean the cylinder liner and bore. • Use compressed air to blow-dry the cylinder liner and bore surface. WARNING: Compressed air can cause personal injury when used for cleaning. Wear safety glasses and protective clothing. NOTE: All foreign materials must be carefully removed from the cylinder liner and the cylinder bore before installation. • Apply engine oil to the outside surface of the cylinder liner. • Install the cylinder liner to the cylinder block from the top of the cylinder block with your hand. • Check the cylinder liner projection. NOTE: 1) Do not apply excessive force or strike the cylinder liner during installing. 2) Take care to not drop the cylinder liner when the cylinder block turns over.

012EY00045

2. Install the oil jet to the cylinder block. Tighten to the specified torque. Torque: 21 N·m (2.1 kgm) Be sure that the oil jet tip is aligned with the piston cooling hole. Do not bend or damage the oil jet.

012EY00044

012EY00046

3. Install the crankshaft to the cylinder block. Refer to “Crankshaft Installation” in this manual. 4. Install the crankcase. Refer to “Crankshaft Installation” in this manual.

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6A–114

ENGINE MECHANICAL

5. Install the oil pressure switch. • Install the adapter (1) to the cylinder block and tighten to the specified torque. • Install the oil pressure switch (2). Torque: Adapter: 118 N·m (12.0 kgm) Oil pressure switch: 18 N·m (1.8 kgm)

2 Sealant

012EY00067

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6B 2011.8.10 1:58 PM ページ 1

ENGINE COOLING

6B–1

ENGINE COOLING CONTENTS Service Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6B-1 General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6B-2 Thermostat . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6B-3 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6B-4 Inspection and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6B-4 Reassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6B-5

Service precaution • Be sure to use the correct fastener in the proper location. If a used fastener is replaced with a new one, the new fastener must be identical to the previous one. • Some fasteners must always be replaced with new ones following removal. These fasteners are specified in this Manual. • Some fasteners require thread locker or thread sealant. These fasteners are specified in this Manual. • Supplemental fastener coatings (paint, grease, or corrosion inhibitor) affect fastener torque and clamping force. They may damage the fastener. Do not use them unless specifically called for. • Tighten all fasteners to the specified torque. If there is a tightening sequence, follow it exactly.

Water Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6B-6 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6B-6 Inspection and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6B-7 Reassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6B-8

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6B 2011.8.10 1:58 PM ページ 2

6B–2

ENGINE COOLING

General Description Coolant Flow

Reserve tank

Water outlet pipe Thermostat

Radiator

Water jacket, Cylinder head

Water jacket Cylinder body

Water pump Oil cooler

Water drain

F06EY00142

The engine cooling system consists of the radiator, the surge tank, the water pump, the cooling fan, and the thermostats. When the engine and coolant are cold, the thermostat with jiggle valve is completely closed. The water pump circulates the coolant through the radiator by-pass directly back to the cylinder body (coolant does not pass through the radiator). This provides a rapid increase in coolant temperature and smooth engine operation.

When the coolant temperature reaches 82°C (180°F), the thermostat begins to open. A gradually increasing amount of coolant passes through the radiator before returning to the cylinder block. When the coolant temperature reaches 95°C (203°F), the thermostat is fully open. All coolant now passes through the radiator before returning to the cylinder block. Effective engine cooling is ensured.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6B 2011.8.10 1:58 PM ページ 3

ENGINE COOLING

6B–3

Thermostat Removal

031EY00005

Legend (1) Water outlet pipe (2) Thermostats

(3) Gaskets

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6B 2011.8.10 1:58 PM ページ 4

6B–4

ENGINE COOLING

Disassembly 1. Loosen the fixing bolts to remove the water outlet pipe. Discard the gaskets. 2. Remove the thermostats.

Inspection and Repair Make necessary adjustment, repairs, and part replacements if excessive wear or damage is discovered during inspection. 1. Check the wax pellet for leakage. 2. Check the springs for damage and weakness. 3. Check the caulking for cracks.

Jiggle valve

Thermostat operation test 1. Prepare a container large enough to completely contain the thermostat. 2. Fill the container with cold water. 3. Completely immerse the thermostat in the cold water. 4. Place a piece of wood between the thermostat and the bottom of the container (see illustration). 5. Place a thermometer in the water. 6. Heat the water. Stir constantly to prevent direct heat application to the thermostat. 7. Note the temperature at which the thermostat begins to open. AA-6HK1XQA and AA-6HK1XQA-03 (With Jiggle Valve) Initial opening temperature: 82°C (180°F) AA-6HK1XQA-03 (Without Jiggle Valve) Initial opening temperature: 76.5°C (170°F) 8. Note the temperature at which the thermostat opens completely. AA-6HK1XQA and AA-6HK1XQA-03 (With Jiggle Valve) Full open temperature: 95°C (203°F) AA-6HK1XQA-03 (Without Jiggle Valve) Full open temperature: 90°C (194°F) 9. Measure the thermostat opening height at the fully open position. Opening height at full open: 8 mm(0.31 in)

031EY00026

Stirring rod

Piece of wood

031EY00027

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6B 2011.8.10 1:58 PM ページ 5

ENGINE COOLING

Reassembly 1. Install the thermostats to the cylinder head. The thermostat with the jiggle valve is installed to the left side (intake manifold side) of the engine. The jiggle valve faces the rear of the engine (flywheel side).

2 3

Front

031EY00023

2. Install new gaskets. 3. Install the water outlet pipe. 4. Tighten the fixing bolts to the specified torque. Water outlet pipe bolt torque: 19 N·m(1.9 kgm)

031EY00024

6B–5

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6B 2011.8.10 1:58 PM ページ 6

6B–6

ENGINE COOLING

Water Pump Disassembly

14 13 11 12

9 8 7

6 5 4 3 2 1

030EY00026

Legend (1) Center (2) Dust cover (3) Snap ring (4) Bearing (5) Bearing (6) Spacer (7) Bearing (8) Washer

(9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15) (16)

Shaft Water pump body Dowel pin Seal unit Impeller Gasket Cover Bolt

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6B 2011.8.10 1:58 PM ページ 7

ENGINE COOLING 1. Remove the rear cover from the water pump body. 2. Use a remover to remove the impeller from the water pump. 3. Use a puller to remove the water pump center. 4. Remove the dust cover and snap ring. 5. Remove the water pump shaft with ball bearings. • Use a plastic hammer to lightly tap on the water pump shaft from the impeller side.

6B–7

Inspection and Repair Make the necessary adjustments, repairs and part replacements if excessive wear or damage is discovered during inspection.

Water pump impeller 1. Check the impeller for corrosion.

030EY00027 030HY00027

6. Use a bench press to remove the bearing from the shaft.

Water pump shaft 1. Measure the water pump shaft and center or impeller interference. If the measured interference is less than the specified limit, the pump shaft and / or the center and impeller must be replaced. Pump shaft and center interference: Limit: 0.048 – 0.078 mm (0.0019 – 0.0031 in) Pump shaft and impeller interference: Limit: 0.022 – 0.062 mm (0.0009 – 0.0024 in)

030HY00028

7. Remove the seal unit.

030EY00036

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6B 2011.8.10 1:58 PM ページ 8

6B–8

ENGINE COOLING 4. Use a bench press to gradually press the water pump shaft down until the bearings are seated correctly.

2. Carefully wipe away any bearing grease. 3. Listen for excessive bearing operating noise.

030EY00029 030HY00033

Excessive bearing operating noise indicates severe bearing wear.

Reassembly

2. Install the water pump shaft with bearings to the water pump body. 1. Repack the bearings with multipurpose grease.

1. Install the ball bearing to the water pump shaft. 1. Apply engine oil to the water pump shaft. 2. Place the water pump shaft and the bearings on the base plates. 3. Install the washer (4), ball bearing (3), spacer (2), and bearings (1).

030EY00034

2. Place the water pump body on bench press base plate. NOTE : To prevent damage to the water pump shaft, place soft brass or copper sheets between the base plates and the water pump shaft.

030EY00030

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6B 2011.8.10 1:58 PM ページ 9

ENGINE COOLING 3. Position the pump shaft with bearings to the water pump body. 4. Use a bench press to gradually press the water pump shaft into the water pump body. NOTE : Do not drive the bearing into position with a hammer or similar object. Bearing damage will result.

6B–9

4. Install the seal unit to the water pump body. • Press in the seal unit to the specified position using a bench press and installer 1-85220-047-0. Seal unit installation position A: 11.0 – 11.6 mm (0.433 – 0.457 in)

030EY00035 030EY00031

3. Install the snap ring and dust cover. 1. Use pliers to install the snap ring into water pump body groove. 2. Install the dust cover with the flange facing out.

5. Install the water pump impeller to the water pump shaft. • Use a bench press to press in the impeller. • The impeller must be flush with the water pump shaft end. 6. Use a bench press to gradually press the water pump center onto the water pump shaft to the specified dimension.

030EY00032

A 030EY00033

Dimension A: 202.9 mm (7.988 in) 7. Install the rear cover with new gasket to the water pump body.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6B 2011.8.10 1:58 PM ページ 10

MEMO

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 1

ENGINE FUEL

6C–1

ENGINE FUEL CONTENTS Service Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-1 General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-2 Fuel Filter . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-5 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-5 Inspection and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-6 Reassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-6

Injection Nozzle Holder . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-7 Nozzle and Holder Specification . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-7 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-8 Reassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-9 Injection Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-18 Identification . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-18 Calibration Data. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6C-19

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 2

6C–2

ENGINE FUEL

General Description Fuel System Operation The fuel injection pump is driven by the crankshaft. The fuel injection pump drives the fuel feed pump. The fuel feed pump draws fuel from the fuel tank. The fuel is delivered to the injection pump through the fuel/water separator and the secondary fuel filter. The governor regulates the flow of fuel to the delivery valves. The plunger in the injection pump delivers fuel at high pressure through the delivery valves to the individual fuel injectors at precise intervals. The pressure generated by the fuel in the fuel injector forces open a needle valve. Fuel is injected from the injection nozzle holes into the cylinder as a very fine spray. Excess fuel is returned to the fuel tank through the fuel return line.

When working on the fuel system – • Disconnect the negative battery cable. • Have a dry chemical (Class B) fire extinguisher where it can be reached quickly. • Release the fuel line pressure before servicing system components. • Carefully read and understand the appropriate instructions.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 3

ENGINE FUEL

6C–3

Fuel Flow

040EY00060

Fuel system components The fuel system consists of the fuel tank, the fuel feed pump, the water sedimentor, the fuel filter, the injection pump, and the injection nozzles. Fuel is drawn from the fuel tank by the fuel feed pump. It passes through the water sedimentor (water particle removal) and the fuel filter (solid particle removal) before being delivered to the injection pump. Precisely metered amounts of fuel are forced into each of the injection nozzles at exact intervals to provide efficient engine operation. • Water sedimentor The water sedimentor has a clear plastic body. There is a warning line on the body. When the water level reaches the warning line, the sedimentor must be emptied.

Open the drain plug at the bottom of the sedimentor to drain the water. • Fuel filter The fuel filter removes solid particles from the fuel. These particles, if allowed to reach the injection nozzles, would cause serious abrasive damage. • Fuel feed pump The fuel feed pump draws fuel from the fuel tank and delivers it to the injection pump. It maintains a high pressure in the fuel line. An independent priming pump permits manual fuel feed when the engine is off.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 4

6C–4

ENGINE FUEL

• Injection pump Major injection pump components are the pump body, the plungers, the governor, and the timing advancer. The injection pump is the nucleus of the diesel engine fuel system. It pressurizes and delivers precisely timed and measured fuel charges to the engine cylinders. Timing and volume are determined by engine load and speed. Each plunger is raised to the top of its stroke by a cam lobe and forced to the bottom of its stroke by a return spring. Together, the plungers create a reciprocal motion. Fuel enters the plunger barrel through the inlet port when the plunger is at the bottom of its stroke. Excess fuel leaves the plunger barrel through the outlet port when the plunger is at the top of its stroke. The injection pump has an identification tab attached to its body. • Governor The fuel system uses an RSV variable speed governor. Engine speed and load vary widely during normal driving. If the engine speed is too low, the engine will be sluggish and may stall. If engine speed is too high, overrun occurs. The governor operates to maintain engine speed within acceptable limits thus preventing stalling and overrun.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 5

ENGINE FUEL

Fuel Filter Disassembly

Legend (1) Fuel filter (2) Overflow valve (3) Fuel filter body

6C–5

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 6

6C–6

ENGINE FUEL

1. Remove the fuel filter with a filter wrench. CAUTION: Be careful not to spill the fuel remaining in the fuel filter when removing the filter.

040EY00007

2. Remove the overflow valve. 3. Remove the fuel filter body.

Inspection and Repair Check the overflow valve for restrictions and/or leakage. Overflow valve opening pressure 230 – 260 kPa (33 – 38 psi).

Reassembly 1. Install the overflow valve to the fuel filter body. 2. Install the fuel filter. • Before install a new fuel filter, apply fuel to the gasket. • Turn in the new fuel filter until the filter gasket comes in contact with its sealed face. • Use a filter wrench to turn in the fuel filter an additional 1/2 – 3/4 of a turn.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 7

ENGINE FUEL

Injection Nozzle Holder Nozzle and Holder Specification ITEMS

6HK1

Injection nozzle & holder assembly type

KBL2.4/S, two-stage injection type

Injection nozzle type

Hole

Number of injection nozzle orifices

Five holes

Orifices diameter

mm (in)

Opening pressure

MPa (kg/cm2 / psi)

0.30 (0.0118) 1st stage 18.1 (185/2,630) 2nd stage 22.1 (225/3,200)

Nozzle needle valve full-lift

mm (in)

0.40 (0.0157)

Nozzle needle valve pre-lift

mm (in)

0.05 (0.0020)

6C–7

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 8

6C–8

ENGINE FUEL

Disassembly

10 9 7 5

15 6

13 1 12

040EY00026

Legend (1) Retaining nut (2) Nozzle (3) Pin (4) Spacer (5) Pin (6) Lift piece (7) Spring seat

(8) (9) (10) (11) (12) (13) (14) (15)

Push rod Adjusting shim 2nd spring Collar Spring seat 1st spring Adjusting shim Nozzle holder body

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 9

ENGINE FUEL The 2-stage injection nozzle reduces nitrogen oxide (NOx) and particulate exhaust gas emissions. 1. Use a wire brush to remove carbon deposits from the nozzle and nozzle holder (before disassembly). CAUTION : Do not touch the nozzle holes with the wire brush. 2. Wipe clean the outside surfaces of the nozzle holder assembly using a clean damp rag. 3. Place the nozzle holder in a vise. 4. Remove the retaining nut. 5. Remove the nozzle. 6. Remove the spacer, pin, lift piece, and spring seat. 7. Remove the push rod, adjusting shim, 1st spring, and collar (1st opening pressure control). 8. Remove the spring seat, 2nd spring, and adjusting shim (2nd opening pressure control). 9. Clean the parts thoroughly in diesel fuel to remove all dirt and other foreign materials. NOTE: Injection nozzle adjustments are made in very small steps (100ths of a millimeter). For this reason, it is extremely important that all parts be immaculate.

6C–9

2. Install the adjusting shim (1), first spring (2), and spring seat (3).

2 1

040EY00068

3. Install the collar (1), 2nd spring (2), adjusting shim (3), spring seat (4), and push rod (5).

Reassembly 1. Place the nozzle holder in a vise.

3 5 2 1 4

040EY00069

040E100055

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 10

6C–10

ENGINE FUEL

4. Install the pins (1), lift piece (2), and spacer (3).

7. Hand-tighten the adjustment retaining nut together with the gasket to the nozzle holder. Retaining nut: 157892-4000 (ZEXEL) Gasket: 157892-1500 (ZEXEL)

2 1 Retaining nut (Special tool)

Nozzle

Gasket

040EY00070

5. Install the pin (1). 6. Install the nozzle (2).

040MV010

8. Tighten the adjustment retaining nut (1) to the specified torque. Torque: 29 - 39 N·m (3.0 - 4.0 kg·m)

040EY00071

040EY00075

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 11

ENGINE FUEL 9. Set the nozzle holder to the nozzle tester. 10. Operate the nozzle tester. Measure the first nozzle opening pressure. 11. If the first nozzle opening pressure is not as specified, disassemble the nozzle holder and remove the shim. Replace the shim with a new shim that adjusts the opening pressure to the specified level. CAUTION: Use a micrometer to measure shim thickness.

6C–11

Full needle valve lift confirmation 1. Install the gasket (1) and plug (2) to the adjustment retaining nut. Gasket: 026508-1140 (ZEXEL) Plug: 157892-1600 (ZEXEL)

Nozzle holder

Nozzle tester

040EY00072

040MV030

• First nozzle opening pressure adjusting shims Thickness (mm) 0.40 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.70

Thickness

Part No. (ZEXEL) 150590-0600 150590-0700 150590-0800 150590-0900 150590-1000 150590-1100 150590-1200 150590-1300

2. Position the nozzle holder with the nozzle facing down. Install the dial gauge holder to the nozzle holder. Dial gauge holder: 157892-4400 (ZEXEL)

040EY00073

φ2.6 φ6.2

040LX010

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 12

6C–12

ENGINE FUEL

3. Install the nut (1) to the dial gauge holder (2). Nut: 157892-1000 (ZEXEL) 6

5 4

2 3

040EY00074

4. Install the pin to the dial gauge. Note: Pin lengths of the pins do not include the threaded portions. Pin (l=60 mm): 157892-5300 (ZEXEL) Dial gauge: 157892-3800 (ZEXEL) 040EY00076

Dial gauge

Legend (1) 1st spring seat (2) Nozzle holder (3) Pin (4) Holder (5) Nut (6) Dial gauge

040MV029

5. Secure the dial gauge to the nozzle holder using the nut so that the pin contacts the tip of the first spring seat.

CAUTION: • Secure the dial gauge so that a stroke of 2 mm can be measured. • Do not over-tighten the nut as the dial gauge shaft may jam. Confirm from the dial gauge that the shaft moves smoothly.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 13

ENGINE FUEL 6. Set the nozzle holder to the nozzle tester and zero the dial gauge. 7. Operate the nozzle tester to bleed any air from inside the retaining nut and to confirm that there is no fuel leakage.

Nozzle holder

6C–13

Pre-lift confirmation 1. With the needle valve at full lift, release the nozzle tester handle. Note: The in-line pressure will decrease and needle valve lift (as indicated on the dial gauge) will fall slightly.

Nozzle tester 200

300

100

400

kgf／cm2

500

Pressure gauge

040MV030 040MV007

L Needle Valve lift

8. Operate the nozzle tester to increase the in-line pressure to 34.3 - 44.1 MPa (350 - 450 kg/cm2). The nozzle’s needle valve should move through its full lift. Record full lift ‘L’. (Read dial gauge) Full lift: 0.40 mm (0.0157 in) Note: The above operation is used to determine whether the nozzle seat is worn and whether the nozzle assembly is in good condition.

In-line pressure

Needle Valve lift

040EY00079

1st nozzle opening pressure

34.3〜44.1MPa {350〜450kgf/cm 2}

2. Read the needle valve lift ‘l’ from the dial gauge indication (once the needle valve has descended when the second spring has stopped operating). Refer to the pre-lift measuring point for ‘l’.

In-line pressure

040EY00078

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 14

6C–14

ENGINE FUEL

Pre-lift measuring point: Read the dial gauge at first nozzle opening pressure (approx 1 MPa (10 kg/cm2). Note: This point can be determined while the pressure is falling.

3. Confirm that pre-lift ‘l’ is as specified. Pre-lift: 0.05 mm (0.0020 in) 4. If pre-lift is not as specified, replace the pin, lift piece, spacer, and nozzle assembly as a set with the service kit. Service kit: ZEXEL 105019-2200 Service kit: ISUZU 894392-1450

Needle valve lift

L Measuring point (pre-lift)

l 0

Lift piece

Pin Spacer

Capsule

1st nozzle opening pressure Nozzle assembly

In-line pressure

040EY00082

040MV031

Second nozzle opening pressure confirmation Push rod

Second spring

Spring seat

Adjusting shim

Spacer

1. After pre-lift confirmation, operate the nozzle tester to increase in-line pressure to 34.3 - 44.1 MPa (350 450 kg/cm2). The nozzle’s needle valve should move through its full lift.

Lift piece Nozzle holder

Needle valve

Nozzle tester

040EY00080

040MV030

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 15

ENGINE FUEL

6C–15

Needle valve lift (mm)

L 200

300

100

400

l+0.05 l 0

2nd nozzle opening pressure

500

34.3-44.1MPa (350-450kg/cm2) Pressure gauge

In-line pressure

040EY00081

2. Release the nozzle tester handle so that in-line pressure decreases. Note: The in-line pressure will decrease and needle valve lift (as indicated on the dial gauge) will fall slightly. 3. Read the pressure gauge indication (second nozzle opening pressure) the instant that the dial gauge indicates the specified needle valve lift (usually prelift l + 0.05 mm).

When needle valve lift is

l + 0.05mm

90 80

20 70 30 50

Second nozzle opening pressure adjustment If the second nozzle opening pressure is not as specified, disassemble the nozzle holder and remove the shim. Replace the shim with a new shim that adjusts the opening pressure to the specified level.

CAUTION: • The 2nd opening pressure changes when 1st opening pressure changes. Therefore, 2nd opening pressure adjustment is always required when the 1st opening pressure is adjusted. • Use a micrometer to measure shim thickness. • Second nozzle opening pressure adjusting shims Part No. (ZEXEL) 150590-0600 150590-0700 150590-0800 150590-0900 150590-1000 150590-1100 150590-1200 150590-1300

040MV026

40 Full needle valve lift

Dial gauge

040MV024

Thickness (mm) 0.40 0.50 0.52 0.54 0.56 0.58 0.60 0.70

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 16

6C–16

ENGINE FUEL Final inspection 3

1. Remove the dial gauge, nut, and dial gauge holder.

5 2 1 4

Dial gauge

Nut Dial gauge holder

040EY00069

Legend (1) Collar (2) 2nd spring (3) Adjusting shim (4) Spring seat (5) Push rod

040MV028

2. Remove the retaining nut and gasket.

Thickness

φ3.6 φ7.2

040EY00075

040LX009

3. Install but do not tighten the original retaining nut. 4. Check that the pins are fully inserted into the nozzle. 5. Hand-tighten the retaining nut. 6. Tighten the retaining nut to the specified torque. Retaining nut torque: 59 – 79 N·m (6 – 8 kg-m) 7. Set the nozzle holder to the nozzle tester. 8. Check the 1st nozzle opening pressure. 9. Check the spray condition. 10. Check for oil leakage.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 17

ENGINE FUEL CAUTION: The nozzle, lift piece, pins, and spacers must be replaced as a set (nozzle service kit). If only the nozzle is replaced, pre-lift specifications will not be applicable.

Nozzle holder

Nozzle tester

040MV030

6C–17

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 18

6C–18

ENGINE FUEL

Injection Pump Identification Use the injection pump assembly number (stamped on the plate at the side of the pump) to determine the applicable injection pump calibration data (refer to the following page). If the applicable calibration data is not listed in this Manual, contact the manufacturer’s nearest authorized service facility (Bosch Automotive System Corporation or Robert Bosch GMBH). The Isuzu injection pump assembly number is also included on the plate. Use this number to order a replacement pump.

MADE IN JAPAN

ISUZU part number ZEXEL pump assembly number

F06HV015

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 19

ENGINE FUEL

6C–19

Injection Pump Calibration Data Test Conditions Injection nozzle

ZEXEL No. 105780-0000

Injection nozzle holder

ZEXEL No. 105780-2080

Injection starting pressure

17.2 MPa

Injection line dimensions

Inside diameter = 3 mm Outside diameter = 8 mm Length = 600 mm

Transfer pump pressure

255 kPa

Test diesel fuel

ISO4113 or SAE standard test oil (SAEJ967d)

Fuel temperature

39 – 41°C (109.2 – 114.8°F)

Pump rotation

Clockwise viewed from the drive side

Overflow valve opening pressure

255 kPa (2.6 kg/cm2 / 37.0 psi)

CAUTION: Strictly observe the above test conditions during injection pump fuel injection volume adjustment. Failure to observe the test conditions will result in misadjustment of the injection pump fuel injection volume. Misadjustment of the fuel injection volume will result in serious engine damage.

Injection Timing Pre-stroke

2.9 ± 0.03 mm (0.114 ± 0.001 in.)

Injection order

1–5–3–6–2–4 Plungers are numbered from the drive side.

Tappet clearance

Manually rotate the camshaft several times to make sure that it rotates smoothly.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 20

6C–20

ENGINE FUEL

Injection Volume and Governor Performance Diagram 6HK1XQA Injection Pump Assembly Number ISUZU No.

ZEXEL No.

1-15603-334-1

106671-6451

Remarks

ISUZU No.

ZEXEL No.

Remarks

Injection Volume Control rack position (mm)

Pump speed (min–1)

Injection volume (mm3/1,000 strokes)

Variance (%)

Boost pressure (kPa)

Remarks

12.8

1000

133.5± 1

±3

More than 160

Basic

6.8

500

9.5 ± 3.2

± 15

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 21

ENGINE FUEL

6C–21

Governor Performance

RACK POSITION(mm)

E 12.8 12.0±0.1 11.2 9.4 6.8 6.7±0.3 6.4

B A 12.0±0.1

RACK POSITION(mm)

14.0以上

RACK LIMIT IDLING SUB SPRING SET BOOST COMPENSATOR STROKE ; 0.7±0.1mm GOVERNOR SPRING SET

11.6±0.1 C

5.1以下

BOOST COMPENSATOR ADJUSTING SPEED 550min-1 11.2

10.5 0 48.0±4.0 (147)±6.7 {360mHG} {1102.5mHG} BOOST PRESSURE(kPa)

(670) 1000+30 240 +20 1125 (1025) 380 500 750 (460) 840±20

040EY00077

Speed Control Lever and Stop Lever

SPEED LEVER

STOP LEVER

FULL SPEED STOP IDLING

3 31°±

STOP

3°±5

5 70°±

15°±5

18°±5 NORMAL

040EY00062

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6C 2011.8.10 2:04 PM ページ 22

MEMO

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 1

STARTING AND CHARGING

6D3–1

STARTING AND CHARGING CONTENTS Service Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6D3-1 Alternator . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6D3-2 General Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6D3-2 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6D3-5 Inspection and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6D3-7 Reassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6D3-8

Starter motor . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6D3-11 General Description. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6D3-11 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6D3-14 Inspection and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6D3-16 Reassembly. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6D3-18

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 2

6D3–2

STARTING AND CHARGING

Alternator General Description

7 8

9 10

060EY00002

Legend (1) Rear bracket (2) IC regulator (3) Bearing (4) Rectifier (5) Stator

(6) (7) (8) (9) (10)

Rotor Bearing Pulley Front bracket Field coil assembly

The engine uses a brushless alternator. Main alternator components are the rotor, the stator, the rectifier, the front and rear brackets, the IC regulator, the bearings, and the pulley. Moving parts include the rotor and the pulley. The field coil is installed to the rear bracket. 6 main diodes (3 positive and 3 negative) in conjunction with 2 sub-diodes provide 3-phase rectification. The diodes are installed to the stator coil. An additional 3 diodes (diode trio) are used to provide field current. The alternator has 3 terminals. a. Terminal B: DC power output b. Terminal L: Exciting current input c. Terminal R: Exiting current input

Terminal R is active only until the alternator begins to generate electricity. Terminal L also serves as a voltage output terminal. When the voltage across terminal L is equal to the battery voltage, the indicator lamp (no charging) turns off. Sealed bearings requiring no lubrication are used throughout the alternator. The IC regulator is a solid-state device and is serviced as a unit. It cannot be disassembled.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 3

STARTING AND CHARGING

6D3–3

MITSUBISHI IDENTIFICATION PLATE

Identification The alternator identification plate is attached to the alternator rear bracket. The ISUZU part number, the manufacturer’s code number, and other important information are stamped on the plate.

A B C

Refer to the identification plate together with the “Main Data and Specifications” Tables and accompanying charts in this Manual when requesting service assistance from a qualified electrical repair shop.

If you are unable to locate the data applicable to your engine, please contact ISUZU MOTORS LIMITED through your machine supplier. A: Isuzu part number B: Manufacturer’s abbreviated name C: System voltage output D: Manufacturer’s lot No. E: Bar code

Charging Circuit

ADDITIONAL DIODES

INDICATOR LAMP

DIODE TRIO STATOR COIL

L L R

KEY SWITCH

BATTERY (24V) E FIELD COIL IC REGULATOR ALTERNATOR

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 4

6D3–4

STARTING AND CHARGING

Main Data and Specifications Isuzu Part No.

181200-6035

Manufacturer’s code No. (MITSUBISHI)

A004T06285

Rated voltage

(V)

Rated output

(A)

Rated speed

(min–1)

5000

Rated output

(Amp./Volt/min–1)

No-load output at 0 Amp.

(Volt/min–1)

Direction of rotation as viewed from pulley side

24/900 Clockwise

Ground polarity Pulley diameter

50/27/5000

(–) mm (in.)

80 (3.15)

(Ω)

4.5 – 5.2

Coil resistance at 20°C Field coil Isuzu part No.

1-81260-0170

Manufacturer’s code No.

A866X38282

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 5

STARTING AND CHARGING

6D3–5

Disassembly

2 3

1 4

7 5 6

060EY00004

(1) (2) (3) (4) (5)

IC regulator Terminal stud Side entry terminal (Terminal B) Rectifier assembly Cap

(6) (7) (8) (9)

Nut Side entry terminal Terminal stud Tube

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 6

6D3–6

STARTING AND CHARGING

1. Scratch setting marks between the front and rear brackets and the alternator body (2 locations). This will ensure installation to its original position. 2. Remove the 4 through bolts. 3. Use the blade of a screwdriver to pry the front bracket and the stator apart. 4. Carefully separate the front bracket, pulley, and rotor from the stator and rear bracket. NOTE: • Do not push the screwdriver blade too deeply into the stator. Coil damage will result. • A vise may be used to secure the rotor. Be sure to clamp the vise at points A (see illustration below). Do not clamp the vise at points B. Damage to the rotor will result.

060EY00003

Ｂ

Ａ

Ａ 1

060EY00030

5. Remove the 2 screws (2) attaching the coil terminal plate to the IC regulator. 6. Hold the coil assembly in your hand. Be careful not to damage the terminal plate. 7. Remove the 3 screws (3) and the coil assembly. 8. Disconnect the connector (1). NOTE: It is very important that Steps 5, 6 and 7 be performed in that order. If Step 6 is performed before Step 5, terminal damage will result.

9. Remove the cap and nut from the rectifier terminal stud. 10. Use a screwdriver to pry the rear bracket and the side entry terminal apart. 11. Remove the side entry terminal. NOTE: The tube will remain in the rear bracket. Take care not to lose it. 12. Remove the rectifier retaining screw and the 2 IC regulator retaining screws. 13. Remove the stator and rectifier assembly (as a single unit) from the rear bracket. 14. Remove the IC regulator. 15. Unsolder the 4 stator coil leads from the rectifier terminals. 16. Remove the stator from the rectifier. NOTE: High temperature solder with a melting point of 230°C connects the stator coil leads to the rectifier. Use a 180~280 watt soldering iron to free the leads as quickly as possible. Do not apply the soldering iron for more than 5 seconds. Diode damage will result.

Bearing removal NOTE: Bearings are not normally removed. If they are removed, they must be replaced with new ones. • Front bracket bearing Remove the 4 retainer screws. Press out the bearing with a suitable tool. • Rotor bearing Use an ordinary bearing puller.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 7

STARTING AND CHARGING

6D3–7

Rotor

Inspections and Repair Stator 1. Check the stator for damage, loose connections, and discolored windings. 2. Use a circuit tester to check for continuity between each pair of stator coil leads (1). Replace the stator if there is no continuity.

1. Turn the rotor. Listen for bearing noise (a scraping sound). Feel for rough rotation. Replace the rotor if either of these conditions is present. 2. Check for grease leakage. If leakage is minimal, wipe it away. If leakage is excessive, replace the rotor. NOTE: It is recommended that inspection be made with the bearing fitted to the rotor shaft.Coil Assembly

Coil Use an ohmmeter to measure the coil resistance between both terminals (1) and the terminal plate (2). Replace the coil assembly if the resistance is outside the specifications. Coil resistance at 20°C: 4.5 – 5.2 ohms

1 060EY00007

3. Use a circuit tester to check for continuity between each of the stator coil leads (1) and the stator core (2). Replace the stator if there is no continuity.

060EY00005

Rectifier 1. Use a circuit tester to test for continuity between each diode terminal (2) and the positive heat sink. Test in both directions. If there is continuity and/or an open circuit in both directions, the rectifier must be replaced. 2. Use a circuit tester to test for continuity between each diode terminal (2) and the negative heat sink. Test in both directions. If there is continuity and/or an open circuit in both directions, the rectifier must be replaced.

060EY00008

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 8

6D3–8

STARTING AND CHARGING

3. Check the diode trio for continuity in both directions. If there is continuity and/or an open circuit in both directions, the rectifier must be replaced.

• Bracket, rotor, and stator reassembly is difficult because of the tight fit of the components. To make reassembly easier, heat the area around the rear bracket bearing box to approximately 55°C. Tightening torques Pulley fixing nut: 147 N·m Through bolts: 5.1 N·m Bearing retainer screws: 3.6 N·m Coil retaining screws: 3.6 N·m Rectifier retaining screws: 3.6 N·m Regulator retaining screws: 3.4 N·m Nuts for stud bolts: 8.8 N·m

Bench testing 2

Perform bench tests on the reassembled alternator.

Voltage regulation 060EY00006

Legend (1) Positive diode (2) Diode terminals (3) A part of negative diode

Front bracket Turn the bracket. Listen for bearing noise (a scraping sound). Feel for rough rotation. Replace the bracket if either of these conditions is present. Check for grease leakage. If leakage is minimal, wipe it away. If leakage is excessive, replace the bracket.

Regulator The regulator cannot be checked in the absence of the other components. Check regulator operation after alternator reassembly.

Reassembly Follow the disassembly steps in the reverse order. Note the following precautions. • No lubrication is required. Bearings are prelubricated. • Wipe away any grease leakage from the bearing area. • Use high-temperature solder (melting point of 230°C). • Use a 180 – 280 watt soldering iron to solder the leads as quickly as possible. Do not apply the soldering iron for more than 5 seconds. Diode damage will result.

1. Make connections as shown in the illustration on the following page. Use an ammeter with a scale of 0 – 100 amperes and voltmeter with a scale of 0 – 30 volts. 2. Close switch 1 and open switch 2. The lamp should light. If the lamp does not light, check the voltage at terminal-L. If the voltage is nearly equal to battery voltage (24V), check the alternator. If the voltage is low, check for an open lamp and related circuitry. 3. Slowly increase alternator speed. The lamp should turn off as alternator speed approaches 1,300 min-1. 4. Check the voltage as alternator speed increases. If the voltage fluctuates wildly during alternator speed increase and rises above 30 volts, the IC regulator is probably defective. If the voltage does not exceed battery voltage (24V), the alternator is defective (no generation of electricity). Check alternator components again. 5. Increase alternator speed to approximately 500 min-1. 6. Note the ammeter reading. If the reading is 5 amperes or less, note the voltmeter reading (be sure that alternator speed remains constant). This is the regulated voltage. If the reading is more than 5 amperes, continue to operate the ammeter at 500 min-1 until the reading falls to 5 amperes or less. If the reading does not fall, replace the battery. If the reading still does not fall, the alternator is defective and must be repaired or replaced.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 9

STARTING AND CHARGING

AMMETER

SWITCH 1

LAMP (24V) B V

(3W MAX.)

ALTERNATOR

SWITCH 2

BATTERY (24V)

VOLTMETER

LOAD RESISTOR

Current output 1. Operate the alternator at minimum speed. 2. Close switch 1. Check that the lamp lights. 3. Set the load resistor to its maximum resistance (minimum current). 4. Close switch 2. 5. Increase the alternator speed to a constant 5,000 min-1. 6. Adjust the load resistor for maximum current output. 7. Allow the alternator to run for 15 minutes. Output should increase as alternator temperature increases. 8. Once again, adjust the load resistor for maximum current output. The maximum current output must equal the specified value. If it does not, the alternator must be rechecked. Alternator output: 50 amp/27 volt/5,000min-1

6D3–9

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 10

6D3–10

STARTING AND CHARGING

Troubleshooting Condition No output

Low output

Overcharging Unstable current

Abnormal noise

Possible Cause

Correction

Bad terminal connection

Repair

Open or shorted circuit

Repair

Open field coil

Replace

Defective diode

Replace

Defective IC regulator

Replace

Loose terminal connection

Tighten

Loose cooling fan belt

Adjust belt tension

Defective diode

Replace

Shorted field coil

Replace

Shorted stator coil

Replace

Defective regulator

Replace

Defective battery

Replace

Poor terminal contact

Repair

Defective regulator

Replace

Defective battery

Replace

Poor terminal contact

Repair

Loose cooling fan belt

Adjust belt tension

Short field coil

Replace

Shorted stator coil

Replace

Intermittent contact in wiring

Replace

Poor terminal contact

Repair

Defective regulator

Replace

Improper alternator installation

Correct

Defective bearing

Replace

Contact between the rotor core and stator core

Replace the rotor core and/or stator core

Defective diode

Replace

Shorted stator coil

Replace

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 11

STARTING AND CHARGING

6D3–11

Starter Motor General Description

060EY00009

The starter motor has a reduction gear assembly that uses planetary gears.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 12

6D3–12

STARTING AND CHARGING

Main Data and Specifications Isuzu Part No.

898141-2061

Mitsubishi code No.

M008T60973

Rated voltage

Rated output

5.0

Rating

Sec

Direction of rotation (Viewed from the pinion side) Terminal voltage (No load) Minimum current (No load) Starter motor minimum operating speed (No load)

Clockwise V

min–1

3300

Pinion gear Modules

Number of teeth

Outside diameter

mm (in)

48.9 (1.93)

Yoke outside diameter

mm (in)

85 (3.35)

Standard

mm (in)

18 (0.71)

Limit

mm (in)

11 (0.43)

29 – 39

Standard

mm (in)

32 (1.26)

Limit

mm (in)

31.4 (1.23)

Standard

mm (in)

0.5 (0.02)

Limit

mm (in)

0.2 (0.008)

mm (in)

0.5 – 2.0 (0.0197 – 0.079)

Brush length

Brush spring standard fitting load Commutator Outside diameter

Depth of undercut mica

Pinion projection Standard

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 13

STARTING AND CHARGING

Identification MITSUBISHI starter motor is identified by the name plate attached to the yoke (illustration). (1) Manufacturer’s type (2) Isuzu part number (3) Bar code NOTE: Always check the identification number before beginning a service operation. Applicable service data will vary according to the identification number. Use of the wrong service data will result in starter damage.

MITSUBISHI ELECTRIC CORP, JAPAN

TYPE NO.

24V

1 2 3

060EY00012

6D3–13

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 14

6D3–14

STARTING AND CHARGING

Disassembly

7 6

20 19 27 18 17 16 15 14

4 1

11 25

10 24

9 23

22 21

060EX00001

Legend (1) Snap ring (2) Stop ring (3) Pinion (4) Pinion spring (5) Screw (6) Pinion case (7) Lever (8) Magnetic switch (9) Clutch (10) Internal gear (11) Washer (12) E-type stop ring (13) Gear shaft

(14) (15) (16) (17) (18) (19) (20) (21) (22) (23) (24) (25) (26) (27)

Planetary gear Ball Gasket Plate Armature Washer Bearing Gasket Yoke Brush Gasket Brush holder Rear cover Through bolt

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 15

STARTING AND CHARGING 1. Place matching marks on the magnetic switch and yoke to ensure reassembly to their original positions. 2. Connect the starter motor to a battery. The pinion rises and begins to rotate. 3. Open switch-2 to stop pinion rotation.

6D3–15

5 4 3

2 1

SW 1 SW 2

24 V

060EY00015

060EY00014

4. Separate the stop ring by striking it with a pipe and bar. 5. Remove the stop ring, the snap ring, the pinion, and the pinion spring. 6. Discard the stop ring. NOTE: Pinion removal should require no more than 10 seconds. If more time is required, heat from the armature will cause the starter damage.

Legend (1) Pinion (2) Clutch shaft (3) Snap ring (4) Stop ring (5) Pipe (6) Pinion spring 7. Remove the magnetic switch. 8. Loosen the brush holder fixing screws and the through bolt. 9. Remove the rear bracket and gasket. 10. Discard the gasket. 11. Use a socket wrench with a 32 mm diameter to hold the armature commutator in place. Remove the yoke assembly. 12. Slide the brush on to the socket. 13. Lift the brush spring and remove the brush. 14. Remove the brush holder. 15. Pull the armature from the planetary gear. 16. Use a bearing puller to remove the bearing. Be careful not to lose the ball. 17. Remove the plate and gasket. 18. Remove the planetary gear. 19. Hold the internal gear, the gear shaft overrunning clutch, and the lever together. Remove them as a unit from the front bracket. 20. Remove the lever from the gear shaft (mark its installation position). 21. Remove the E-type stop ring from the gear shaft and discard it. 22. Remove the overrunning clutch from the gear shaft. 23. Remove the internal gear and washers.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 16

6D3–16

STARTING AND CHARGING

Inspection and Repair Armature 1. Use a circuit tester to check armature continuity. Hold the circuit tester probes against 2 commutator segments. Repeat the procedure for several other segment pairs. There must be continuity between all commutator segments. If there is not, the commutator must be replaced.

3. Measure the commutator outside diameter. 4. If the measured diameter is less than the specified limit, the commutator must be replaced. Commutator outside diameter Standard: 32 mm (1.28) in Limit: 31.4 mm (1.256 in)

2. Use a circuit tester to check the armature ground. Hold one probe against a commutator segment. Hold the other probe against the armature shaft. If there is continuity, the armature is grounded. It must be replaced.

5. Inspect the commutator mica segments for excessive wear and damage. 6. Measure the depth of the commutator mica segments. If the depth is less than the specified limit, the commutator must be replaced. Commutator mica segment depth Standard: 0.5 mm (0.02 in) Limit: 0.2 mm (0.008 in)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 17

STARTING AND CHARGING

060EY00016

5. Inspect the gear for excessive wear and damage. Replace if required. 6. Rotate the commutator with your hand. Listen for abnormal noise or rattling from the bearing. Check for grease leakage. Replace if required.

Field Coil 1. Use a circuit tester to check for continuity between the field coil and the lead wire. If there is no continuity, a field coil wire is broken. The field coil must be replaced.

060EY00018

2. Check for continuity between the field coil and the yoke. If there is continuity, the yoke must be repaired or replaced.

6D3–17

060EY00017

Brush and Brush Holder 1. Measure the brush length. If the brush length is less than the specified limit, the brush and/or yoke must be replaced. Brush length Standard: 18mm (0.72 in) Limit: 11 mm (0.44 in) 2. Check the brush spring for weakness and corrosion. Replace the spring if required. 3. Use a spring balancer to measure the brush spring tension. If the spring tension is less than the specified limit, the spring must be replaced. Brush spring tension N Standard: 29 – 39 N Limit: 13.7N 4. Use a circuit tester to check the brush holder insulation. Touch one probe to the field winding lead wire and the other probe to the brush. If there is continuity between the lead wire and the brush, the insulation is bad. Repair or replace the brush holder.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 18

6D3–18

STARTING AND CHARGING

Front Bracket Check the front bracket bearing and oil seal for damage. Replace if required.

Internal Gear and Planetary Gear Check the gears for excessive wear and damage. Replace if required.

Magnetic Switch 1. Use a circuit tester to check for continuity between the magnetic switch terminal-M (1) and the body (2). If there is no continuity, the switch must be replaced. 2. Check for continuity between the magnetic switch terminal-M (1) and terminal-B (3). If there is continuity, the switch must be replaced.

060EY00019

Overrunning Clutch and Pinion 1. Wipe away dirt and grime adhering to the overrunning clutch and pinion. 2. Check the pinion teeth for excessive wear and damage. 3. Rotate the pinion in the direction of normal rotation. It must turn smoothly. 4. Rotate the pinion in the opposite direction. It must lock. Replace the overrunning clutch if any problems are discovered during inspection. NOTE: The inside of the overrunning clutch is packed with grease. Do not soak the clutch in liquid cleaner or solvent to clean it. Grease leakage will result.

060EY00021

Reassembly To reassemble the starter motor, follow the disassembly steps in the reverse order. Pay close attention to the following. • Lubrication points and recommended lubricants No.

Lubrication area

Armature bearing area (Light lubrication)

Plunger (Light lubrication)

Gear shaft spline and sliding parts

Clutch shaft

Oil seal

Pinion (Overrunning clutch)

Lever sliding surfaces (Overrunning clutch)

Sleeve bearing and ball

Armature shaft gear, internal gear, and planetary gears

060EY00020

Lubricant

MUL TEMP 0A-171 or equivalent

Molycoat R AG650 or equivalent

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 19

STARTING AND CHARGING

6D3–19

2 3 4 5 6 1

060EY00010

Tightening torque Nut (1) Bolt (2) Bolt (3) Bolt (4)

N·m 20 – 26 4.9 – 8.8 7.8 – 13 2.4 – 4.4

4 3

060EY00031

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 20

6D3–20

STARTING AND CHARGING

Armature shaft axial play Install the ball to the top of the armature shaft. No adjustment is required.

Gear shaft axial play

Install the washer between the internal gear and the gear shaft. No adjustment is required.

5 3

060EY00023

Pinion projection 4 2 1

060EY00022

1. Connect the starter motor to the battery. 2. Turn switch-1 and switch-2 on. The pinion moves forward to the cranking position and the armature rotates. 3. Turn switch-2 off. The armature stops rotating. 4. Measure the pinion projection. Pinion projection: 0.5 – 2 mm (0.02 – 0.08 in)

Legend (1) Overrunning clutch (2) Internal gear (3) Washer (4) E-type stop ring (5) Gear shaft

SW 1

B SW 2

S M

Gear shaft

24 V

1. Install the washer, internal gear, and overrunning clutch to the gear shaft. 2. Install the pinion spring (5), the pinion (1), and the stop ring (4) to the clutch shaft (2). 3. Install the snap ring (3). 4. Attach the stop ring to the snap ring. 060EY00024

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 21

STARTING AND CHARGING

Overrunning clutch shaft return Press against the head of the overrunning clutch with your hand. Measure the movement (return) of the clutch shaft. If the return is outside the specified range, adjust the packing between the front bracket and the magnetic switch. If adjustment is not possible. Replace the lever.

060EY00025

Performance test 1. Connect the starter motor as shown in the illustration.

2 A

B S

1 3

060EY00026

Legend (1) Battery (2) Ammeter (3) Voltmeter

6D3–21

2. Turn the switch on. 3. Measure the starter motor speed, the current, and the voltage. If the starter motor speed is less than the specified value, the starter motor requires further servicing. Starter motor minimum speed: 3,300 min-1 (No load) If the measured starter motor minimum current and/or terminal voltage is different from the specified value, the starter motor requires further servicing. Starter motor minimum current: 85 A (No load) Starter motor terminal voltage: 23 V (No load)

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6D3 2011.8.10 2:07 PM ページ 22

MEMO

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6G 2011.8.10 2:08 PM ページ 1

ENGINE LUBRICATION

6G–1

ENGINE LUBRICATION CONTENTS Service Precautions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-1 General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-2 Oil Pump . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-4 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-5 Inspection and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-5 Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-7

Oil Cooler . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-8 Disassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-8 Inspection and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-9 Reassembly . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-9 Oil Port Cover. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-11 Removal . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-12 Inspection and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-12 Installation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6G-12

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6G 2011.8.10 2:08 PM ページ 2

6G–2

ENGINE LUBRICATION

General Description Lubricating Oil Flow The engine uses a pressure-feed lubrication system. Oil flows from the oil pump to the oil cooler where it is cooled. It then travels to the oil filter for cleaning. From the oil filter, the oil moves to the cylinder block oil gallery for distribution to the moving parts of the engine. Oil jets are arranged in a line near the center of the cylinder block oil gallery. The oil jets spray oil to the inside portions of the pistons to provide the most effective lubrication and cooling.

Oil Pump and Oil Filter The gear-type oil pump is driven by the timing gear. The pump is equipped with a relief valve. The full-flow oil filter uses a highly-efficient paper element. If the element becomes clogged, the by-pass valve opens to route the oil directly to the oil gallery. A warning lamp turns on to warn the equipment operator that the oil filter is being bypassed.

Oil cooler Engine oil temperature rises with engine temperature with a corresponding decrease in lubricating efficiency.The oil cooler consists of the body and the cooling element. The oil cooler maintains oil temperature at the level required for optimum engine lubrication.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6G 2011.8.10 2:08 PM ページ 3

ENGINE LUBRICATION

6G–3

Lubricating Oil Flow

Oil Filter Starter Switch

Oil Cooler

Main Oil Filter

Battery

Oil Pressure Indicator Light

Main Oil Gallery

Sub Oil Gallery

Combined Type Partial Oil Filter

Check Valve

Idler Gear A

Crank Shaft Bearing

Idler Gear B

Idler Gear C

160 kPa

Camshaft Bearing and Rocker Arm

Piston Cooling Oil Jet

Idler Gear B 1 Connecting Rod Bearing Oil Pump

Injection Pump

Bearing Case

Oil Strainer

Relief Valve Opening Pressure 780 kPa

Oil Thermostat Opening Temperature 90°C

Bypass Valve Opening Pressure

Oil Pressure Switch Opening Pressure 30 kPa

Separate Type Oil Filter

Relief Valve Opening Pressure 490 kPa

200 kPa

F06EY00127

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6G 2011.8.10 2:08 PM ページ 4

6G–4

ENGINE LUBRICATION

Oil Pump Oil Pump Construction

4 2

051EY00035

Legend (1) Oil pump drive gear (2) Oil pump body (3) Oil relief valve

(4) Cotter pin (5) Drive gear (6) Driven gear and shaft

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6G 2011.8.10 2:08 PM ページ 5

ENGINE LUBRICATION

6G–5

4. Remove the oil pump drive gear. Use a gear puller to remove the oil pump drive gear.

Disassembly 1. Remove the driven gear and shaft.

051EY00021 051EY00014

Inspection and Repair

2. Remove the cotter pin. 3. Remove the oil relief valve.

Make the necessary adjustments, repairs, and part replacements if excessive wear of damage is discovered during inspection. 1. Use a feeler gauge to measure the clearance between the gear teeth and the body inner wall. If the clearance between the gear teeth and the body inner wall exceeds the specified limit, the gears and/or the body must be replaced. Gear Teeth and Cover Inner Wall Clearance Standard: 0.125 – 0.221 mm (0.0049 – 0.0087 in) Limit: 0.221 mm (0.0087 in)

051EY00020

051EY00018

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6G 2011.8.10 2:08 PM ページ 6

6G–6

ENGINE LUBRICATION

2. Use a feeler gauge to measure the clearance between the body and the gear side surfaces. If the clearance between the gears and the body exceeds the specified limit, the gears and/or the body must be replaced. Gear and Body Clearance Standard: 0.064 – 0.109 mm (0.0025 – 0.0043 in) Limit: 0.109 mm (0.0043 in)

4. Use an inside dial indicator or inside micrometer to measure the pump body inside diameter and the cylinder block bushing inside diameter. If the clearance between the gear shaft and the pump body or bushing exceeds the specified limit, the oil pump assembly and/or bushing must be replaced. Gear Shaft and Pump Body or Bushing Clearance Standard: 0.04 – 0.07 mm (0.0016 – 0.0028 in) Limit: 0.07 mm (0.0028 in)

051EY00019

3. Use a micrometer to measure the gear shaft outside diameter. Gear Shaft Outside Diameter Standard: 15.989 – 16.000 mm (0.6295 – 0.6299 in) Limit: 15.9 mm (0.626 in)

012EY00068

5. Check the ball and the valve spring for excessive wear and damage.

051EY00036 051EY00017

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6G 2011.8.10 2:08 PM ページ 7

ENGINE LUBRICATION 6. Use an inside and outside micrometer to measure the interference between the oil pump drive gear inside diameter and drive gear shaft outside diameter. Drive Gear and drive Gear Shaft Interference (Reference) Standard: 0.015 – 0.044 mm (0.0006 – 0.0017 in)

6G–7

2. Install the oil relief valve. 3. Install the cotter pin. 4. Install the driven gear and shaft. 1. Apply engine oil to the driven gear and shaft. 2. Install the driven gear and shaft to the oil pump body.

051EY00014 051EY00016

Reassembly 1. Install the drive gear and oil pump drive gear. 1. Apply engine oil to the drive gear shaft. 2. Install the oil pump drive gear to the drive gear shaft. The gear hub large side must be facing the outside. 3. Use the bench press to press the drive gear onto the drive gear shaft.

051EY00013

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6G 2011.8.10 2:08 PM ページ 8

6G–8

ENGINE LUBRICATION

Oil Cooler Disassembly

3 2

5 6

050EY00013

Legend (1) Oil cooler element (2) Gasket (3) Gasket (4) Body

(5) Plug (6) Oil thermostat (7) Bypass pipe

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6G 2011.8.10 2:08 PM ページ 9

ENGINE LUBRICATION 1. Loosen the fixing nuts to remove the element. Discard the gaskets. 2. Remove the bypass pipe. 3. Remove the oil thermostat. 4. Clean the inside of the oil cooler element. 1. Use a funnel to pour cleaning solution into the oil cooler element. Add cleaning solution until it overflows. 2. Allow the oil cooler element to stand for ten hours (with the cleaning solution inside). 3. Pour off approximately 1/3 of the cleaning solution from the element. 4. Apply compressed air at 200kPa (28 psi) to the element through the oil port. Continue to apply compressed air until all cleaning solution has been forced from the element. WARNING: Compressed air can cause personal injury. When using protective for cleaning, wear safety glasses and protective clothing.

6G–9

Inspection and Repair 1. Use the dye penetrant detector procedure to inspect the element for cracking. 2. Use the dye penetrant detector procedure to inspect the oil cooler cover for cracking.

NOTE : As long as the oil cooler element is not damaged or excessively dirty, it may be cleaned repeatedly at periodic intervals. 050EY00058

Reassembly 1. Install the bypass pipe with new gasket to the body. 2. Install the oil thermostat with the rubber cap to the body. 3. Install the plug with new gasket to the body and tighten to the specified torque. Torque : 20 N·m (2.0 kgm)

050EY00015

050EY00059

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6G 2011.8.10 2:08 PM ページ 10

6G–10

ENGINE LUBRICATION

4. Install the oil cooler element with new gasket to the body. 5. Tighten the element fixing nuts to the specified torque. Torque : 20 N·m (2.0 kgm)

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69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6G 2011.8.10 2:08 PM ページ 11

ENGINE LUBRICATION

6G–11

Oil Port Cover

4 3

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Legend (1) Oil port cover (2) Gasket (3) Oil relief valve (4) Gasket

(5) Plug (6) Gasket (7) Port cover

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6G–12

ENGINE LUBRICATION

Removal 1. Remove the oil port cover from the cylinder block. Discard the gaskets. 2. Remove the oil relief valve from the oil port cover. Check the oil valve for restrictions.

Inspection and Repair 1. Remove the plugs from the port cover. 2. Inspect the port cover for restrictions. 3. Remove all sludge and restrictions from the port cover.

Installation 1. Install the plugs with new gasket to the port cover. Tighten the plug to the specified torque. Torque: 25 N·m (2.6 kgm) 2. Install the oil relief valve with new gasket to the port cover. Tighten the valve to the specified torque. Torque: 54 N·m (5.5 kgm) 3. Install the oil port cover with new gasket to the cylinder block. Tighten the fixing bolts to the specified torque. Torque: 39 N·m (4.0 kgm)

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69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6J 2011.8.5 2:50 PM ページ 1

ENGINE INDUCTION

6J–1

ENGINE INDUCTION CONTENTS Service Precaution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6J-1 Turbocharger. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6J-2 General Description . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6J-2

Troubleshooting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6J-4 Inspection and Repair . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6J-6

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6J–2

ENGINE INDUCTION

Turbocharger General Description

Major turbocharger components are the center housing and rotating assembly (CHRA), the compressor housing, and the turbine housing. Rotating parts are supported by the center housing and include the turbine shaft, the compressor wheel, the shaft bearings, the thrust bearings, and the oil seal ring.

Turbocharger rotating parts operate at very high speeds and temperatures. The parts are built from carefully selected materials and machined to extremely high precision. The turbocharger improves air intake efficiency resulting in increased engine power, reduced fuel consumption, and low engine noise.

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6J 2011.8.5 2:50 PM ページ 3

ENGINE INDUCTION

6J–3

Identification

Turbocharger Servicing

The turbocharger name plate gives the date of manufacturer and other important information required to identify the unit when service inquiries are made.

1. Refer to TROUBLESHOOTING in this Section to determine whether or not turbocharger repair or overhaul is required. 2. The following procedures should also be performed (either with the turbocharger on the equipment or removed from the equipment but not disassembled) to determine whether or not turbocharger repair or overhaul is required. * Visual checks * Clearance measurements * End play measurements Refer to INSPECTION AND REPAIR. 3. The turbocharger compressor and turbine housing may be removed from the center housing and rotating assembly (CHRA) for further visual inspection.

The turbocharger name plate has the following information stamped on it. Refer to the illustration. (1) Turbocharger specification, production year, and production month. Example: VIBU (2) Production date, serial number, and production line name. Example: RHG6 (3) Part number assigned by ISUZU MOTORS LIMITED. Example: 1144003281 Part numbers indicate specific designs or configurations.

Precaution Turbocharger expertise.

servicing

requires

great

care

and

Faulty turbocharger servicing procedures can result in serious damage to pistons, valves, cylinder liners, and other important engine parts.

Name plate sample Turbo Spec.

Serial No.RHG6

Part No.

ISUZU does not recommend the performance of any servicing procedure not described in this Manual. Contact your nearest IHI service facility to have the turbocharger assembly repaired or overhauled. The identification plate and assembly number will be required by the service facility. A list of IHI Turbocharger Service Network locations is given at the end of this Section.

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6J–4

ENGINE INDUCTION

Troubleshooting If the engine does not run well (insufficient output or irregular acceleration) 1. Run the engine at idle. 2. Check for oil leakage from the turbocharger. 3. Listen for abnormal turbocharger noise. 4. Write down any abnormal conditions and their location. 5. Stop the engine. 6. Allow sufficient time for the turbocharger to cool. 7. Check the turbocharger air inlet hose and outlet hose. The bands attaching the hoses to the turbocharger must be tight. There must be no oil leakage. WARNING: The turbocharger generates very high temperatures during operation. It will remain dangerously hot for some time after the engine is stopped. Allow sufficient time for the turbocharger to cool before touching it.

Oil Leak Leak point

Cause

Countermeasure

Bearing abrasion (Trouble in the oil supply system)

Check the turbocharger air inlet

Turbocharger oil inlet tightening area

Loose bolts

Tighten bolts

O-ring damage

Replace O-ring

Compressor housing case

Oil leak from tightening area (Air compressor oil leak)

Turbocharger OK

Turbine housing gas inlet and outlet tightening area Turbine and bearing housing mating surfaces

Abnormal Noise Description Whistling sound

Cause

Countermeasure

High-speed turbocharger operation

Normal sound of rotor rotation

Foreign particles in turbocharger Grinding sound

Bearing abrasion (Trouble in the oil supply system)

Hissing sound

Loose air or gas pipe

Check the turbocharger air inlet Tighten bolts, screws, and/or hose bands as required

Insufficient output or irregular acceleration Problem

Cause

Countermeasure

Poor engine performance because of Loose air and/or gas pipes running to Tighten bolts, screws, and/or hose air and/or gas leakage the turbocharger bands as required

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6J 2011.8.5 2:50 PM ページ 5

ENGINE INDUCTION Disconnect the air inlet hose at the turbocharger to perform the following inspection. Checkpoint Air inlet Shaft end nuts or blades

Compressor housing Oil feed pipe

Problem Oil on air inlet inside and outside surfaces resulting from oil leakage

Countermeasure Turbocharger OK

Loose or missing Foreign particles in turbocharger Bearing abrasion (Trouble in the oil supply system) Replace turbocharger Blade and housing interference Bearing abrasion (Trouble in the oil supply system) Clogged

Remove restrictions

6J–5

69945̲ESS-185A̲SEC6J 2011.8.5 2:50 PM ページ 6

6J–6

ENGINE INDUCTION Rotor Shaft Radial Play

Inspection and Repair Turbocharger damage or maladjustment results in a reduced volume of air to the engine. Engine performance suffers. If there is a marked drop in engine performance, first check the engine. If the engine appears normal, check the turbocharger. If excessive wear or damage is discovered during turbocharger inspection, the appropriate parts must be adjusted, repaired, or replaced. Contact your nearest IHI Service Center to make arrangements for servicing. Rotor Shaft Axial Play

1. Invert the turbocharger so that the turbine exhaust inlet flange is facing up. 2. Install a dial indicator to the turbine housing as shown in the illustration. 3. Measure the rotor shaft axial play. Note the total indicator reading (TIR). Rotor shaft radial play Standard: 0.10 – 0.17 mm (0.0039 – 0.0067 in) Limit: 0.205 mm (0.00807 in) If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the rotor shaft must be replaced.

1. Install a dial indicator to the turbine housing as shown in the illustration. 2. Move the shaft back-and-forth to measure the rotor shaft axial play. Note the total indicator reading (TIR). Rotor shaft axial play: Standard: 0.06 – 0.09 mm (0.0024 – 0.0035 in) Limit: 0.11 mm (0.00433 in) If the measured value exceeds the specified limit, the rotor shaft must be replaced.

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036EY00008

MEMO

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