Half Hollow Hills CSD Science Department
GRADE: 3 UNIT: Force & Motion Essential Question
How do different forms of energy interact with matter and with each other?
New York State Standards/Key Ideas: Standard 4: Students will understand and apply scientific concepts, principles, and theories pertaining to the physical setting and living environment and recognize the historical development of ideas in science. KEY IDEA 4: Energy exists in many forms, and when these forms change energy is conserved. KEY IDEA 5: Energy and matter interact through forces that result in changes in motion.
New York State Performance Indicators: • Describe a variety of forms of energy, example, heat, chemical,light, and the changes that occur in objects when they interact with those forms of energy. • Observe the way one form of energy can be transferred into enother form of energy present in common situations. Example, mechanical to heat energy, mechanical to electrical energy, and chemical to heat energy. • Describe the effects of common forces (pushes and pulls) of objects, such as those caussed by gravity, magnetism, and mechanical forces. • Describe how forces can operate across distances. and growth in humans.
GRADE 3
Force and Motion
Major Understandings:
Students will understand that:
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Energy comes in many different forms. All our machines use energy to make them work. Batteries, food, gasoline, oil, and wood are all forms of stored energy. Heat can be released in many ways, for example, by burning, rubbing (friction), or combining one substance with another. Humans utilize interactions between matter and energy: chemical to electrical, light and heat, (battery and bulb); electrical to sound (doorbell or buzzer); mechanical to sound (musical instruments). The position of an object can be described by locating it relative to another object or the background. (Example: on top of, next to, over, under, etc.) The position or direction of motion of an abject can be changed by pushing or pulling. The force of gravity pulls objects toward the center of Earth. The amount of change in the motion of an object is affected by friction. Mechanical energy may cause change in motion through the application of force and through the use of simple machines, such as gears, pulleys, levers, and inclined planes.
Essential Questions: • How can the position of an object be described according to its surroundings? • How can the motion of an object be changed? • What is the relationship between Earth and gravity? • What is the connection between friction and motion of an object? • How can you create mechanical energy to cause change in motion? • What are the different types of energy?
Overview
Force and Motion
Students will know: How position affects motion. That gravity has an affect on motion. Motion is affected by friction. Mechanical energy, through the use of simple machines, can cause change in motion. • Uses of lever, pulley, inclined plane, gears; where force is applied to make each work • The force needed to pull an object up an incline must overcome the gravity pulling downward on the object. • The steeper the incline, the more force that is needed. • More force is needed to pull an object up an inclined plane than a level one. • An object with wheels will roll down an incline more easily than an object without wheels. • There is little friction between a whell and the surface it touches. • Wheels, rollers, and lubricants help reduce friction. • One surface rubbing against another causes friction. • Some materials produce more friction than others. • Friction, or rubbing one object against another, creates heat. • The heavier an object, the more friction it produces. • Slick, smooth materials usually produce less friction than rough materials. Friction slows down and stops moving objects. • Everything we see is being pulled by gravity. • Moving object go straight, unless some force pushes or pulls them. • Students will know key terms: Vocabulary: friction energy sound energy energy motion chemical machine kinetic energy gravity energy lever lubricant energy electrical pulley wheel push/pull energy inclined plane axle mechanical light energy potential apparatus • • • •
GRADE 3
Skills:
Force and Motion
Students will be able to: • Identify where force should be applied to make a simple machine work. • Describe the relationship between the height of the inclined plane and how an object moves. • Observe the forces that push and pull • Observe motion in their everyday lives and describe and record the energy that causes its movement. • Observe, experiment and record what happens when moving objects with simple machines. • Experiment to find different kinds of forces that push and pull objects to make them move. • Construct an inclined plane and test the degree of incline and its affect on the speed and motion of several objects.
Half Hollow Hills CSD Science Department
Unit: Force & Motion MINILESSON 1 What Are Forces? Push & Pull United Streaming: How Things Move
MINILESSON 2 Motion Activity: Experiment 2 United Streaming: Laws Of Motion
MINILESSON 3 What Affects Motion? Gravity United Streaming: The Magic School Bus Gains Weight
MINILESSON 4 What Affects Motion? Friction Activity: Force And Motion; Friction Between Different Surfaces United Streaming: The Magic School Bus Plays Ball
MINILESSON 5 Work Activity: Doing Work United Streaming: Work
MINILESSON 6 Energy Is Required To Do Work Activity: Energy Kids Page Packet United Streaming: Getting To Know Energy
MINILESSON 7 Types Of Energy – Mechanical; Heat; Solar Activity: Energy Kids Page Packet
MINILESSON 8 Types Of Energy – Kinetic & Potential Activity: Energy Kids Page Packet
MINILESSON 9 Energy Sources Activity: Energy Kids Page Packet
MINILESSON 10 Energy Transformations Activity: Energy Kids Page Packet
MINILESSON 11 What Are Machines And How Do They Help Us?
Grade: 3
Activity: How Can You Use Simple Machines? United Streaming: Simple And Compound Machines
MINILESSON 12 Simple Machines – Inclined Plane Activity: “Plane” Hard work
MINILESSON 13 Simple Machines – Wheel & Axle Activity: On A Roll United Streaming: Discovering Simple Machines- Lever, Wheel and Axle, Pulley
MINILESSON 14 Simple Machines – Lever Activity: Living With Levers United Streaming: A Lever Makes Work Easier
MINILESSON 15 Simple Machines – Wedge Activity: Wedge Work United Streaming: Wedge
MINILESSON 16 Simple Machines – Pulley Activity: Pulley Power United Streaming: Pulley; The Pulley
MINILESSON 17 Simple Machines – Screw Activity: Just Turn The Screw United Streaming: Screw
MINILESSON 18 Simple Machines – Gears United Streaming: How Gears Pedal Your Bike
Half Hollow Hills CSD K-5 Science Unit Assessment
UNIT: Force & Motion Performance Level
Measurable Skill Uses Inquiry and observation skills to generate a hypothesis
Applies skills: gathers, classifies, measures, and records data
GRADE LEVEL: 3
The performance level measures knowledge and understanding of the science concepts being taught in this unit. The following items should be considered when determining student performance level: Formal Assessments- tests, quizzes, graded assignments, labs & projects Informal Assessments- discussions, observations, trivia, journal A student who consistently displays this skill will: • • •
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Communicates scientific ideas effectively using content specific vocabulary
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Makes generalizations, draws logical conclusions, analyzes and interprets data
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Specific Unit Indicator
Ask and answer “why” questions Observe, discuss, record and compare observations Formulate a hypothesis based on observations and background knowledge
Through observation students will predict the purpose of each simple machine
Contribute to the development of a plan to test their hypothesis Carry out the proposed plan; collect, measure and record data
Students will classify every day objects into categories of the 6 simple machines
Communicate their findings in a variety of ways Use science vocabulary appropriate for the level and unit
Students will describe the relationship between the height of an inclined pane and how the object moves
Connect their findings to the real world Ask and answer “what if” questions Make predictions based on collected data
Students will generate a list of what if questions relating to their study of force and motion
Students will observe and discuss the effects of gravity on every day objects
Students will contribute and defend ideas for surfaces to test in the friction lab
Students will develop their own experiment to test a theory on force and motion and explain how this experiment relates to and extends this unit