COLOR THEORY
SUMMER 2017 HOLLY CHAN
TABLE OF CONTENTS M. 1 You + Color M. 2 Designers + Color M. 3 Film + Color M. 4 Balance + Color M. 5 Healthcare + Color M. 6 Rhythm + Color M. 7 Retail + Color M. 8 P/S and U/H + Color M. 9 Photography + Color M. 10 Hospitality + Color M. 11 Rendering + Color M. 12 Culture + Color CONCLUSION
M.1 You + Color
BACKGROUND St. Petersburg, FL Chinese Mom, dad, 2 sisters, 1 dog English, Intermediate ASL, and some Cantonese Resided in Seminole, FL and Miami, FL Became more focused on design at 8 years old, from playing string instruments, enabling me to immerse more into the arts. Childhood, internet, previous college courses I have taken have affected my path. A.A. Degree from St. Petersburg College FIU Interior Architecture
WHY STUDY DESIGN? I was immersed into the arts and had a passion for creating at a very young age. Originally, I was a music major and eventually created art installations in community college. I was not satisfied. I wanted more human interaction and experience. Combining the aesthetic and physical experience of music and art, I thought interior architecture was better suited for me.
WHAT I LIKE Concerts Getting tattoos The color red Art Photography
M.2 Designers + Color
McCormick Tribune Campus Center
Rem Koolhaas, OMA Chicago, Illinois Illinois Institute of Technology
Holly Chan
Rem Koolhaas
b. 1944 Remment Lucas “Rem” Koolhaas is a Dutch architect, architectural theorist, urbanist, and Professor in Practice of Architecture and Urban Design at the Grad School of Design in Harvard. Koolhaas studied at the Architectural Association School of Architecture in London and at Cornell University in New York. Koolhaas founded OMA (Office for Metropolitan Architecture) in 1975 with Elia and Zoe Zenghelis and Madelon Vriesendorp. The environment and his family influenced his career choice. His grandfather was an architect, and father was a novelist and paper editor. His family soon moved to Amsterdam a�er war, where he spent a�ernoons playing in the rubble of the state archive building, which had been blown up by the resistance during the German occupation. In 2005, he co-founded Volume Magazine, a quarterly architectural magazine, with Mark Wigley and Ole Bouman. He is widely regarded as one of the most important architectural thinkers and urbanists of his generation, winning the Pritzker Prize in 2000 and placed in the top 100 of Time Magazine’s The World’s Most Influential People in 2008.
Inspira�on “Koolhaas’s interior layout for the building was inspired by pre-existing footpaths that criss-crossed under the train tracks, formed by students walking back and forth between residence halls and classroom buildings on the IIT Main Campus during the past 70 years.” (Illinois Institute of Technology). His design for the campus center arranges various areas along diagonal pathways, resembling interior streets, that are extensions of the paths students use to cross campus. The concrete and stainless steel tube encloses the Chicago Transit, and hovers over the one-story campus center. The tube reduces the sound of the trains overhead as students can relax, eat, study, and shop.
Orange is the unifying theme and keynote color in the building’s palette. It is crucial to Koolhaas’s concept of “Miesian influence.” Mies van der Rohe used to paint the steel of his buildings black, reflecting the quality of his buildings-- elegant, strong, and protective, but also mysterious and forbidding. Orange contrasts with it, being almost the opposite-- warm, happy, and invigorating.
Color
Each panel of orange glass consists of two outer panes, between which is a honeycomb wire mesh that bends sunlight into nimbuses of suns. At night, it creates arcs of headlights through the windows. South of the entrance the orange zigzags through the building. The DesignTex wall covering makes it look like a holographic baseball card, creating the illusion of movement as one walks past it.
Color
Blue-green complements the orange. On the eastern facade the concrete walls of the upper mechanical services area are covered with a translucent pale jade, egg-crate-like plastic that conceals the ventilation system’s massive louvers and yet, allows air to freely ow. The sign is made of orange-face metal cyclinders, mounted into the jade grating.
Eastern Facade
HER
HOLLY CHAN Color + Environment _ FILM ANALYSIS_M.3
SYNOPSIS Set in a near feature Los Angeles, Theodore Twombly (Joaquin Phoenix) is a sensitive and soulful man who earns a living by writing personal, touching letters for other people. After ending his marriage, he is left heartbroken. Eventually, he becomes interested in his new operating system, which develops into an intuitive and unique entity in its own right. Nicknamed “Samantha� (Scarlett Johansson), the two become close friends and their relationship soon deepens into great love. Throughout the film, Jonze uses color to reflect emotion in each scene. There is a generally warm color palette, with red being the dominant color. In deep, somber scenes, a cool palette with a dominant blue is present.
LOVE INTERESTS Theodore falls in and out of love throughout his whole life. His love interests are shown to wear red, signifying courage, excitement, and passion. When he reflects back on his moments with his ex-wife, she is wearing a red sweater. His date is also wearing a red sweater, while Samantha, his operating system, is branded red.
MEETING SAMANTHA After meeting Samantha, Theodore becomes less distracted about his past life and more vibrant. He even takes on wearing red instead of his usual wood and brown toned outfits. He feels full of love and looks healthier. Relating to health, red lighting makes the body secrete more adrenaline, increasing blood pressure and rate of breathing, as well as slightly raising body temperature.
THEODORE AND THE CITY Jonze uses cool colors to show how lonesome Theodore is. A good comparison and contrast shown in the movie is him vs. his big, bustling city. When Samantha leaves him in the end, it is bittersweet, knowing that she promises to find him in the future and that he will be by himself for a long time. There are blues with bits of pink in the sky, blue symbolizes introversion and sadness, while pink refers to some passion, but a negative association is to physically weaken. Health-wise, pink is to heal or soothe.
M.4 Balance + Color Learning Objectives: Understand the different components of balance, distinguish between symmetry, assymetry, and radial balance,and know the types of color balance: value contrast (light and dark), hue balance (complimentary), and intensity contrast (bright and dull)
M.5 Healthcare + Color Learning Objectives: Discuss the concept of rhythm; what it is, where it originates, and how it is used in design, and istinguish between repetition, alternation, progression, continuation, and radiation.
M.6 Emphasis + Color Learning Objectives: Understand that using color in conjunction with line, shape, texture, and pattern gives the designer the capacity to add visual stimuli and create a variety of experiences for the users of the built environment, and identify how color and variety are used in hospitality environments
M.7 COLOR + EMPHASIS
Retail Analysis
Holly Chan
CONTENTS Introduction Contrast of Hue Contrast of Value Contrast of Design Feature Contrast of Texture Focal Point References
INTRODUCTION Tesla Motors in Dadeland Mall is an innovative and engaging store that allows customers to explore the brand’s latest products, learn more about owning a Tesla motor vehicle, and customize their own in the Tesla Design Studio.
CONTRAST OF HUE The color red is being used at its full intensity in the store. This draws more attention to customers and encourages them to stop by and walk in. The colors of lower intensities are more subtle and are enjoyed for secondary elements in general room use, such as the conference or meeting rooms when the salesperson is selling the Tesla products to the customer. The gray provides enough balance of the bright hue.
CONTRAST OF VALUE There is a usage of light/dark contrast of black, gray, and white values. The gray walls contrast against the white ceiling and furniture. All the whites vary in value as well as the black colors.
CONTRAST OF DESIGN FEATURE Tesla’s color palette consists mainly of black, gray, and white values with an intense red. The colors define the space and identity. Example: The meeting room is private and duller than the rest of the store, using very minimal red. A bright color is used to bring attention, which is why the entrance is accented red and underside of the tables are red. The arrangement of the colors define the circulation and activity. The white running across the store shows the interactive areas: the shelves with electronic devices and products. The white ceiling above highlights the interactive car displays. The darker colors in between are where the customers would walk: up and down the aisle.
CONTRAST OF TEXTURE The interactive areas are smooth and glossy, dominating and contrasting against the rough surfaces. The smooth material of the interactive areas is chosen because it makes cleaning at the end of each work day easier and, therefore, making the store more presentable. Even though it adds emphasis to the design, it is also a financially appropriate choice. It does not have to be replaced each time, just cleaned properly by employees.
FOCAL POINT Ron Reed, author of the book, “Color + Design,” explains that “we use focal points to give the eyes a rest or contemplation. In terms of wayfinding, visitors of a space will be attracted to and walk toward... a piece of furniture, or functional module such as a reception center.” The red accented entrance draws attention to visitors passing by. Once inside the store, the vertical runway leads them to the main goal of the store: the selling point. The desk also has a bright red under it.
REFERENCES Reed, Ron. “Chapter 6: Color + Emphasis.” Color + Design: Transforming Interior Space. 2nd Ed. New York: Fairchild , an Imprint of Bloomsbury, 2017. Print. http://www.simon.com/mall/dadeland-mall/stores/tesla-motors
M.8 Scale + Color Learning Objectives: Understand that using a proportion system can provide an accurate color proportions, discuss the difference between scale and proportion, and utilize the repetition of color to unify a design.
“Reversing deforestation is complicated; planting a tree is simple.� Martin O’Malley
I have visited the Fruit and Spice Park, a local nature preserve, and the Frost Art Museum. There is a compilation of animals, ecological restoration, and post-apocalyptic art. The art could illustrate a near or distant future for Earth. The following images explore disintegration and/or growth through the contrast and compliments of colors and textures.
Holly Chan | M9
COLOR + VARIETY
COMMERCIAL DESIGN ANALYSIS
CHAN_M10
MONDRIAN SOUTH BEACH
MARCEL WANDERS STUDIO
LOBBY DISCUSSION Marcel Wanders, a Dutch designer, envisioned the overall look of the Mondrian as a homage to “Sleeping Beauty.” The goal is to welcome guests into a magical world of wonder and style; to live like they are in a fairytale. The Mondrian’s lobby offers spectacular views of the Bay, with its floor-to-ceiling windows and the black “floating staircase.” The hotel is located on West Avenue and is close to the center of South Beach, downtown Miami, Miami Design District, Wynwood Arts District, Venetian Causeway, Lincoln Road, Ocean Drive and Espanola Way.
DISCUSSION
LINE
COLOR + LINE A line is the connection between two points in space. The way in which lines are used and combined with color can determine the effectiveness of the interior. There are vertical and curved lines used in the overall design of the Mondrian. The columns in the lobby area emphasize the height and perception of a larger space. The curvature of the bold, black staircase is uid, friendly, and not abrupt, thus, making it very inviting.
SHAPE
TEXTURE
PATTERN
COLOR + SHAPE Shape is the result of one or more lines connecting to form a 2D image, like a square or circle. There are circles displayed on the wall of the front desk. The backlit circles show a uid movement and enables the eyes to scan freely. The wall is remniscent of a lit candle. COLOR + PATTERN Pattern is the repetitve arrangement of shapes and colors in a systematic horizontal, vertical, diagonal, or organic sequence. The repetitive circles behind the front desk and the golden ceiling bells are an example of this. COLOR + TEXTURE Texture is the characteristic and tactile quality of the surface of a material that results from the way in which the components are made or put together. There are continually smooth and glossy surfaces. The rugs are a soft material. Everything is appealing to walk on or touch.
OUTDOOR AREA DISCUSSION
It is a continuation of the lobby and is furnished with New Antique chairs, all-white milled tables, tall green cabanas and seating islands with large cushions and outdoor curtains
DISCUSSION
LINE
COLOR + LINE There is a combination of vertical, horizontal, and curved lines. From the large draping curtains, to the spread out placement of the furniture, and the curved, grassy cabanas. The vertical rods, other than providing strength and stability, draw the eyes towards the white curtains. Horizontal lines are restful and resemble a body at rest. The span of the whole relaxation area creates movement from side to side.
SHAPE
TEXTURE
PATTERN
COLOR + SHAPE The cabanas’ curved green shape is for shade and relaxation. The arrangement of the furniture and main shapes are rectangular. The rectangle is more restful than the square when laid on its long axis. It is the opposite when positioned on its short axis, where it resembles support columns and strength. The reclining chairs, pool area, and columns are examples of these differences. COLOR + PATTERN There is repetition throughout the whole outdoor area. It is used for cohesion and to keep everything equal. There are black and red carpets of ornate design placed on different parts of the deck. COLOR + TEXTURE The ooring is grass, wood, or stone. It makes walking easier for guests and employees, with or without shoes.
REFERENCES https://www.marcelwanders.com/work/the-mondrian-south-beach https://www.morganshotelgroup.com/mondrian/mondrian-south-beach Reed, Ron. “Chapter 9: Color + Variety + Design Elements.” Color + Design: Transforming Interior Space. 2nd Ed. New York: Fairchild , an Imprint of Bloomsbury, 2017. Print.
M11. COLOR + RENDERING SECONDARY 2 DOMINANT ACCENT 3
CHAN
This color pallette consists of cool colors. In this scenery, the skies are desaturated, which made them gray and gloomy. The dominant color I chose was a grayish blue, which represented the skies. The moss covered stones pick up the mood, so the overall setting does not look too upsetting.
ACCENT 2
GREY- It is a cool and balanced color. It is an emotionless, moody color that is o�en associated with loneliness, but also intelligence (gray matter) and wealth (silver and platinum).
ACCENT 1
GREEN- The warmest of the cool colors, signifying life, relaxation, and renewal. It can assist with balance and equilibrium.
SECONDARY 1
BLUE- Associated with water. It can relate to introversion, but can also be cool, calm, and comfortable.
Color + Balance
COLOR SCHEME The color scheme is made up of very similar colors. It is analogous- color schemes resulting from two or more colors adjacent to each other on the color wheel. These are also called push colors- colors against a certain background that will appear differently than if it was placed on top of another color. Example- a purple color on a magenta background will appear bluer while a purple color on a blue background will appear to be more magenta. I have noticed this when experimenting with the gray-blue against light gray colors vs. green colors. This palette is an accented neutral. Greens stand out in front of the gray tones.
CHAN
Color + Balance
CHAN
Color + Balance
EXPERIENCE + RESULTS From this module, I believe it has strengthened my photoshop skills. There is still so much room for improvement, but it has helped me figure out the portioning of the colors I should use. I have had issues with materiality and color schemes for my projects in studio in the past, but if I continue practicing, I can get a better understanding of what seems off and what can benefit my future projects.
CHAN
Color + Balance
COLOR + CULTURE My CULTURE and country is China. I remember that China has various colors that are believed to be auspicious. The majority of my family still follow old Chinese traditions and beliefs. I have chosen Iceland to learn about their culture and how they use color. I find the scenery there aesthetically pleasing and the lifestyle very down to Earth. I also follow some Icelandic artists and that has also peaked my interest.
CHINA
Chan
CHINA
The Five Elements [symbolism and meanings] Black represents water. It symbolizes something serious and formal. It was often worn by imperial dignitaries, much like the outfits of law professions in the West. Red represents fire. The Chinese believe it is a sign of joy and fortune. During Chinese New Year, red envelopes are handed out for good luck. Green usually carries a negative meaning. When someone does not feel good, they are described to have a “green face.” The symbol of purity and the brightness of metal. It is also the official color of clothes in a funeral ceremony.
A symbol of Earth. It represents glory, wisdom, and harmony. Yellow used to be reserved for the emperor, as it is the color of royalty.
China is one of the largest countries with one of the world’s oldest and deepest culture. It has strong power on the economy. It also influences on other Asian cultures, such as South East Asia, Japan and Korea. For example, they celebrate the Lunar (or Chinese) New Year. They all share similar spiritual beliefs, architecture and culinary knowledge along with other traditional customs that often go beyond the strict limits of the Chinese territory. The colors allow the Chinese to describe their world view. There are typically five traditional colors, also known as the five elements.
Iceland
Chan
Iceland
COLOR palette
[symbolism and meanings] Red symbolizes the island’s active volcanoes.
White is for the ice and snow that covers most of the country.
Blue represents the surrounding Atlantic Ocean.
The cross design of the Icelandic flag is modeled after the Danish Flag. This flag was officially adopted on June 19, 1915. The colors are inspired by the country’s surrounding environment. According to Icelandic law the use of the flag is a privilege and not a right. The owner of the flag must follow instructions on its usage and make sure that the Icelandic flag is in excellent condition. The law also states that nobody shall harm the Icelandic flag or say negative things about it. If they do the person faces a fine or imprisonment up to one year.
COLOR + CULTURE references http://www.illuminantpartners.com/2011/ 01/17/color/ http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/flag s/countrys/europe/iceland.htm http://www.worldflags101.com/iflags/iceland-flag.aspx
CONCLUSION Taking this class taught me a lot about color and its significant usage throughout design, culture, and everyday life. I hope to incorporate what I have learned into my future projects and further improve.