Trees of Holy Cross College and Village
How to use the booklet
5 Terms commonly used in the identification of trees
Table of contents Booklet history Page 3 Contributors Page 4
Chapel
Page
Entry
Page
Page
Page
Holy
Page
River
Page
Page
River
Page
Page
Walkway
Page
Complete
of trees Page
Selected
Page
2
Page
Page 6-7
Area
8-9
to Holy Cross College and Holy Cross Village
10-11 Holy Cross Parkway, Cemetary, and Villas
12-13 Hesburgh Grove, Arch, Walkway, and Circle
14-15
Cross Village Pond
16-17
Wood Trail
18-19 O’Connor Commons
20-21
Glen Court and Riverside Apartments
22-23 Schubert Villa and Infirmary
24-25
between Driscoll and James Halls
26-27
listing
28-29
references
30
Booklet history
This booklet on the trees of Holy Cross College (HCC) and Holy Cross Village (HCV) had its beginnings during the fall semester of 2020 when two Holy Cross biology majors, Michael Deising and Christian Lemus, enrolled in an internship course. Their goal for that course was the location and identification of all of the trees on the landscaped areas of the collage campus. The trees were identified by species when possible. Also their geographic coordinates were determined as well as their approximate trunk circumferences at chest level and their heights.
In the summer of 2021 and through the 2021 fall semester, Br. Lawrence Unfried supervised the internship of David Bautista-Amick, a psychology major, minoring in environmental science. During this time, Br. Lawrence and David worked together to survey the trees of HCV. The procedure followed was essentially the same as that used for the tree survey of the college campus.
During the spring semester of 2022, Br. Lawrence and David worked with Mrs. Kochanowski in the Communications Department and Mackenzie Gonzalez, a student in the visual arts program, to organize and assemble this booklet.
This booklet divides the two campuses into 10 sections. Each section is presented with an outline map showing buildings, streets, and walkways along with a list of numbered, noteworthy trees to
be found in the section. Numbers at various locations on the map correspond to numbers associated with the listed trees so individuals walking through a section should be able to identify trees encountered. Labeled photographs associated with the sections also should facilitate tree identification.
Two groups of small trees, crabapples (flowering crabs) and hawthorns, are represented by a great variety of horticultural types that are almost impossible to specifically identify. There are many crabapples in HCV and no attempt has been made to identify them as to specific varieties— they are simply listed as crabapples. A number of hawthorn trees are planted along the median leading from highway 933 N. into the college and village. They are simply identified as hawthorns (genus Crataegus).
In addition to the two landscaped campuses, the college and village property is bordered to the north and south by wooded gullies and woods along the St. Joseph River bank. Limited surveys of the tree species have been conducted in these wooded areas, so along with the landscaped campuses we have a still growing list of 86 species of trees on the property. The list can be found toward the back of this booklet. Particularly in the spring, the floors of these wooded areas are carpeted with an impressive variety of native wild flowers representing a remnant of the pre-settlement flora of northern Indiana.
3
Pictured is a Serviceberry.
Contributors
Tree identification and location:
Br. Lawrence Unfried, C.S.C.
David Bautista-Amick
Michael Deicing
Christian Lemus
Layout and Design:
Lisa Kochanowski
Mackenzie Gonzalez
A note of thanks for special help relative to tree identification:
Dr. Rodney Robichaud, Ph.D., former chairman of the Holy Cross College Department of Natural and Quantitative Sciences
Barbara Hellenthal, Director of the Notre Dame Herbarium
Also thanks for archival information concerning the University of Notre Dame and Western railroad:
Br. Philip Smith, C.S.C., Archivist: Brothers of Holy Cross, Midwest Province
Br. James Leik, C.S.C., Archivist: Holy Cross College
4
Pictured is Hesburgh Grove with flowering Serviceberry trees.
How to use the booklet
The layout of Holy Cross College and Holy Cross Village has been divided into 10 map sections with streets and buildings labeled. The approximate locations of significant or noteworthy trees are indicated by numbers on the maps. Correspondingly numbered pictures of the trees are arranged around the maps.
5
Map of Holy Cross College and Holy Cross Village courtesy of Google Earth
Terms commonly used in the identification of trees
The terms described and illustrated in this paper are among those most frequently used when classifying and identifying trees. The focus is on the arrangement of leaves on stems and the structures of leaves and the shapes of leaves.
Stems and Branches.
The end of a branch or stem normally has a bud on it called the terminal bud. Buds below the terminal bud are called axillary buds and they are usually associated with points on a stem where leaves are attached. A point on a stem where a leaf or axillary bud is attached is called a node. A region on a stem between nodes is called an internode. A terminal bud is labeled T and four axillary buds are labeled A in Figure 1.
Leaf Structure.
A number of features associated with the structure or shape of a leaf are used in the classification of trees. The main portion of a leaf is termed the blade. The stem of the leaf is the petiole. Sometimes there are small leaf-like structures at the base of the petiole. These structures are known as stipules. If there is a single major vein running down the middle of a leaf, it is called a midrib. The edge of a leaf is called its margin. Figure 3 illustrates the basic shape of a leaf. The blade is indicated by B, the petiole by P, and stipules by ST.
Leaves and buds generally are arranged along stems in an alternate or opposite pattern. The stem illustrated in Figure 1 shows an alternate arrangement of leaves and buds while the stem illustrated in Figure 2 shows an opposite arrangement.
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Figure 1. Basswood stem with alternately arranged leaves.
Figure 2. Maple stem with oppositely arranged leaves.
Figure 3. Basic leaf structure.
A leaf margin is said to be entire when it is smooth as in Figure 3 or it can be wavy (W) or toothed (T) as in Figure 4.
When a leaf is so deeply cut or subdivided that it appears to be several leaves, it is called a compound leaf. Leaves that are not compound are simple. All of the leaves illustrated in Figures 1 through 6 are simple while those in figures 7 and 8 are compound.
The leaf-like divisions of a compound leaf are reffered to as leaflets and if they all branch from a single point, the leaf is compound palmate. See figure 7. 2 Figure 7.
When the margins of a leaf are deeply cut, the leaf is said to be lobed. A leaf is pinnately lobed if it has one main vein (a midrib) and secondary veins branching from it. See Figure 5.
When a lobed leaf has no one, main vein but several, all branching from a single point, it is said to be palmately lobed. See Figure 6.
If the leaflets all originate from a single main vein, the leaf is compound pinnate. See figure 8.
A possible way of avoiding confusion about the difference between a stem with several leaves and a single compound leaf is to remember that stems have buds while there will be no buds on compound leaves found in the Northern Indiana area.
All illustrations on pages 6 and 7were taken, with modifications, from Gray. 1858.
Gray, Asa. 1858. How Plants Grow: A Simple Introduction to Structural Botany. Ivison, Blakeman, Taylor, and Co. New York.
7
Figure 4. Leaf margins. Toothed above and wavy below.
Figure 5. Examples of pinnately veined and lobed leaves.
Figure 6. Examples of palmately veined and lobed leaves.
Figure 7. A palmately compound leaf.
Figure 8. A pinnately compound leaf.
Chapel area
8
09. Arborvitae Evergreen with scalelike needles.
21. Blue Spruce Bluish tinted needles.
29. Dawn Redwood A conifer with deciduous needles.
38. European Weeping Birch White peeling bark.
50. Japanese Yew 54. Northern Red Oak 55. Norway Maple All maples have oppositely arranged leaves.
56. Norway Spruce Drooping branches with 6+ inch cones.
59. Pin Oak Downward sloping lower branches; deeply lobed leaves.
55 09 09 09 29 21 76 72 21 21 38
James Hall Parking
9
72. Silver Maple 74. Sugar Maple 76. Sweet Gum Leaves somewhat star shaped. Alternately arranged on stem. Chapel 21 21 21
St. Joseph 21 21 38 38 38
21 59 74 72 76
21 21 21 21 21 21 21
56 55 54 59
50
Basil Hall 09 09 55 54
Entry to Holy Cross College and Holy Cross Village
10
72 74 72 74 72 72 74 72 74 72 74 72 21 64 27 43 27 27 27 72 72 74 74 72 74 74 74 09 62 62 77 62 15 59 77 65 72 09 77 62 65 77 62 62 79 42 77 79 Congregation of Holy Cross Administration Building Parking Dorr Road IN State Road 933 N. 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 44 09 21 21 21 21 55 87
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09. Arborvitae Evergree with scalelike needles.
21. Blue Spruce Bluish tinted needles.
77. Sycamore
15. Black Cherry
27. Crabapple
42. Green Ash The only surviving ash on the two campuses.
43. Hackberry 44. Hawthorn Note the thorns on the branches.
55. Norway Maple Red form
62. Red Maple
64. River Birch 65. Rose of Sharon
72. Silver Maple 74. Sugar Maple
79. Tuliptree Truncated leaves are a characteristic of the Tuliptree, Indiana’s state tree.
59. Pin Oak Downward sloping lower branches; deeply lobed leaves.
87. Black Gum
Holy Cross Parkway, Cemetery, and Villas
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45. Honey Locust
32. Eastern Hemlock Short (<1 inch), flat needles. Cones 1 inch long.
03. Alcock Spruce
16. Black Locust
24. Callery Pear
09. Arborvitae Evergreen with scalelike needles.
15. Black Cherry
21. Blue Spruce
27. Crabapple
39. Flowering Dogwood
48. Japanese Maple
38. European Weeping Birch White bark
Andre Place Pond 10701060 1050-1040 1030-1020 64 64 64 5139 51 39 39 39 39 54 56 56 45 45 45 45 27 27 21 38 38 56 03 83 77 27 62 62 74 64 45 27 27 24 24 43
43. Hackberry
Did you know ...
When Holy Cross College first opened, the now Holy Cross Parkway was a 2-track switching spur for the University of Notre Dame and Western Railroad that, until the mid-1900’s, carried coal to the ND and Saint Mary’s power plants. It also sometimes carried passengers to ND football games.
cones
13
83. White Oak
56. Norway Spruce
The Norway Spruce has the longest
of any of our spruces.
51. Kousa Dogwood
54. Northern Red Oak
55. Norway Maple
62. Red Maple
74. Sugar Maple Large maple-like leaves. Tan and brown peeling bark.
72. Silver Maple
77. Sycamore
Cemetery Holy Cross Parkway 1160-1130 1120-1150 1090-1080 107056 62 77 62 62 15 62 27 6262 62 72 161616 15 16 16 03 21 03 21 21 21 161616 16 72 72 72 21 21 21 55 55 09 09 09 21 21 56 56 21 56 21
74 74 62 21
64. River Birch Brown flaking bark.
Hesburgh Grove, Arch, Walkway, and Circle
Did you know ...
Hesburgh Grove was established in 2008 to honor Rev. Theodore Hesburgh, C.S.C., a long-time supporter of Holy Cross College. Initially, the design of the grove was to be produced by the University of Notre Dame architecture students, but the work could not be completed. Kimberly Leja, a Purdue University student and goddaughter of a Holy Cross College faculty member completed the task.
14
74 80 24 24 24 28 24 24 24 24 24 28 74 74 74 74 62 62 62 62 62 59 59 77 67 67 77 Arch Parking Circle 67 41 11 56 72 74 21 75 67 59 59 18 18 59 59 7559 59 21 55 27 11
15
77. Sycamore
56. Norway Spruce
18. Black Oak
28. Cucumber Magnolia
41. Globe Willow
55. Norway Maple
62. Red Maple
72. Silver Maple
74. Sugar Maple
11. Bald Cypress
80. Weeping Willow
21. Blue Spruce
24. Callery Pear 27. Crabapple
75. Swamp White Oak
59. Pin Oak Downward sloping lower branches; deeply lobed leaves.
67. Serviceberry
Holy Cross Village Pond
16
47. Horsechestnut Compound palmate leaves. Sharp spikes on seed husks.
27. Crabapple 45. Honey Locust
62 63 80 80 79 64 64 79 63 63 45 1020-1030 1040-1050 1060-1070 1080-1090 1110 1090 1080 1070 1060 1030 1020 East Village Drive Holy Cross Parkway
48. Japanese Maple 62. Red Maple
17
64. River Birch
79. Tuliptree Truncated leaves. Indiana’s state tree.
63. Redbud Heart-shaped leaves.
74. Sugar Maple
79 62 64 48 27 80 62 74 47 1110-1120 1130-1160 1180 1170 1160 1130 1120
80. Weeping Willow
River Wood Trail
Did you know ...
Several yards into the wooded area on the west side of River Wood Trail the terrain drops down to an abandoned railroad bed. From the 1870’s until the 1960’s the University of Notre Dame and Western Railroad, a small university rail system, carried coal to Notre Dame and Saint Mary’s College, and sometimes passengers to ND football games. After many years of not being used, the tracks were removed in 2012.
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04. American Basswood Leaves resemble lopsided, toothed hearts.
10. Atlantic White Cedar Foliage resembles Arborvitae. Seed cones are blue.
13. Bigtoothed Aspen
15. Black Cherry
19. Black Walnut 33. Engelmann Spruce
34. English Walnut 47. Horsechestnut Leaves are compound palmate.
78 73 73 13 06 54 54 79 77 21 79 79 33 19 South Hall Pulte Hall Driscoll Hall Vincent Hall Pfeil Center 13 66 54 54 85 2121 04 54
21. Blue Spruce
Car Port 13
09. Arborvitae Evergreen with scale-like needles.
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78. Tree Hydrangea
58. Pignut Hickory
86. White Spruce
54. Northern Red Oak
63. Redbud Leaves heart-shaped.
56. Norway Spruce
59. Pin Oak
72. Silver Maple
73. Staghorn Sumac
Native Americans made a lemonade-like drink from seed clusters.
74. Sugar Maple
77. Sycamore
04 15 33 19 19 21 21 66 09 09 34 09 North Hall HCC Maintenance Anselm Hall RiverWoodTrail 58 34 86 86 59 19 1919 58 82 6373 2121 2121 15 15 15 66 15 15 74 77 54 1515 47 21 72 5454 72 72 10 10 56 72 10 10 09 21
85. White Poplar Back sides of leaves are white.
82. White Mulberry Leaves variable shape.
79. Tuliptree Leaf ends appear to be cut off.
Map key: Lamp posts Transformers Dumpsters 54 82 21 19
66. Sassafras The original source of root beer.
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O’Connor Commons
06. American Hornbeam
27. Crabapple 35. European Copper Beech
40. Ginkgo Leaves are fan-shaped.
49. Japanese Tree Lilac
11. Bald Cypress
Pulte
Driscoll Hall Vincent
Pfeil
24. Callery Pear 49 49 49 49 63 63 63
South Hall 74 84 84 24
Hall 74
Hall 74 35 24 74 74 74 74 74 74 74 27
Center 40 72 62 27 6 74 74 11
09. Arborvitae Evergreen with scale-like needles.
21
84. White Pine
HCC Maintenance
62. Red Maple 72. Silver Maple 74. Sugar Maple 63. Redbud
North
Hall
74 74 74 74 74 74 7474 11 9 74 74 72 72 72 72 74 W S N E
Anselm Hall
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River Glen Court and Riverside Apartments
01. Ailanthus
This is an invasive weed tree. 04. American Basswood Leaf share is of a toothed, lopsided heart
Holy Cross Village Maintenance Garden Overlook Riverside Place Andre Patio 21 21 54 21 2121 21 21 27 54 24 76 6262 63 55 63 27 6262 74 24 27 24 27 24 626262 09 60 60 532121212131313131313131 31 56848456 5656 545454 545454 84 21 21 21 21 21 21 54 77 01 46 15 04 04 65 65 8383 25 58 23 54 Gazebo 8658 72 27 24 27 24 Andre Place Delivery 24 27 27 Parking Parking River Glen Ct. 27 27 21 275151 27
15. Black Cherry 16. Black Locust
51 51
09. Arborvitae Evergreen with scale-like needles.
23
23. Burr Oak
25. Catalpa
46. Hop Hornbeam
86. White Spruce
83. White Oak
53. London Planetree Closely related to the Sycamore.
51. Kousa Dogwood
60. Red Cedar
56. Norway Spruce Cones 6 or more inches in length.
63. Redbud
76. Sweet Gum Seed balls are spherical and spiked.
74. Sugar Maple
84. White Pine
18. Black Oak 21. Blue Spruce
24. Callery Pear
27. Crabapple 31. Eastern Cottonwood Leaves are corsely toothed and triangular.
54. Northern Red Oak
58. Pignut Hickory
62. Red Maple
65. Rose of Sharon
77. Sycamore Seed balls are spherical and smooth.
W S N E
72. Silver Maple
Schubert Villa and Infirmary
24 Schubert
51 39 39 39 56 161616161616 56 31 7256 56 56 31 31 51 16161616 45 45 45 45 16 84 67 39 39 48 19 56 33 19 53 76 43 37 63 55 0263 19 19 16 16 43 19 16191616 19 43 43 19 47 74
39 16 16 27
Villa Jacques Dujarie Infirmary
West River Ridge Dr.
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02. Alaska Cedar 16. Black Locust 19. Black Walnut
31. Eastern Cottonwood
33. Engelmann Spruce
37. European Tricolor Beech
39. Flowering Dogwood
43. Hackberry 45. Honey Locust
47. Horsechestnut 48. Japanese Maple
53. London Planetree
51. Kousa Dogwood
55. Norway Maple
56. Norway Spruce 62. Red Maple 63. Redbud (weeping)
67. Serviceberry
76. Sweet Gum
74. Sugar Maple
84. White Pine
27. Crabapple
72. Silver Maple
Walkway between Driscoll and James Hall
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74 11 11 56 11 62 62 11 65 65 65 74 21 62 56 62 62 62 52
Hall
Driscoll
74 6 6 6
James Hall
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06. American Hornbeam
11. Bald Cypress
21. Blue Spruce
45. Honey Locust
52. Little-leaf Linden Similar to the American Basswood.
55. Norway Maple Red form.
56. Norway Spruce Drooping branches and long (6+ inch) cones.
62. Red Maple
65. Rose of Sharon
56 55 45 45 55
74. Sugar Maple
Patio
Complete listing of trees
1. Ailanthus – Ailanthus altissima
2. Alaska Cedar – Callitropsis nootkatensis
3. Alcock Spruce – Picea alcocquiana
4. American Basswood – Tilia americana
5. American Elm – Ulmus americana
6. American Hornbeam – Carpinus caroliniana
7. American Beech – Fagus grandifolia
8. American Bladdernut – Staphylea trifolia
9. Arborvitae – Thuja occidentalis
10. Atlantic White Cedar – Chamaecyparis thyoides
11. Bald Cypress – Taxodium distichum
12. Balsam Fir – Abies balsamea
13. Bigtooth Aspen – Populus grandidentata
14. Bitternut Hickory – Carya cordiformis
15. Black Cherry – Prunus serotina
16. Black Locust – Robinia psuedo-acacia
17. Black Maple – Acer nigrum
18. Black Oak – Quercus velutina
19. Black Walnut – Juglans nigra
20. Black Willow – Salix nigra
21. Blue Spruce – Picea pungens
22. Box Elder – Acer negundo
23. Bur Oak – Quercus macrocarpa
24. Callery Pear – Pyrus calleryana
25. Catalpa – Catalpa speciosa
26. Columnar Buckthorn – Rhamnus frangula ‘Columnaris’
27. Crabapples – Malus, ssp.*
28. Cucumber Magnolia – Magnolia acuminata ‘ Butterflies ’
29. Dawn Redwood – Metasequoia glyptostroboides
30. Dwarf Alberta Spruce – Picea glauca ‘Conica’
31. Eastern Cottonwood – Populus deltoides
32. Eastern Hemlock – Tsuga canadensis
33. Engelmann Spruce – Picea engelmannii
34. English Walnut – Juglans regia
35. European Copper Beech – Fagus sylvatica ‘ Purpurea’
36. European Smoketree – Cotinus coggygria
37. European Tricolor Beech – Fagus sylvatica ‘Tricolor’
38. European Weeping Birch – Betula pendula
39. Flowering Dogwood – Cornus florida
40. Ginkgo – Ginkgo biloba
41. Globe Willow – Salix matsudana ‘Navajo’
42. Green Ash – Fraxinus pennsylvanica
43. Hackberry – Celtis occidentalis
44. Hawthorn – Crataegus, ssp. *
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Complete listing of trees
45. Honey Locust – Gleditsia triacanthos
46. Hop Hornbeam – Ostrya virginiana
47. Horse Chestnut – Aesculus hippocastanum
48. Japanese Maple – Acer palmatum
49. Japanese Tree Lilac – Syringa reticulata
50. Japanese Yew – Taxus cuspidata
51. Kousa Dogwood – Cornus kousa
52. Linden – Tilia cordata
53. London Planetree – Platanus ‘X acerifolia’
54. Northern Red Oak – Quercus rubra
55 Norway Maple – Acer platanoides
56. Norway Spruce – Picea abies
57. Pawpaw – Asimina triloba
58. Pignut Hickory – Carya glabra
59. Pin Oak – Quercus palustris
60. Red Cedar – Juniperus virginiana
61. Red Mulberry – Morus rubra
62. Red Maple – Acer rubrum
63. Redbud – Cercis canadensis
64. River Birch – Betula nigra
65. Rose of Sharon – Hibiscus syriacus
66. Sassafras – Sassafras albidum
67. Serviceberry – Amelanchier arborea
68. Shagbark Hickory – Carya ovata
69. Shingle Oak – Quercus imbricaria
70. Shining Sumac – Rhus copallina
71. Siberian Elm – Ulmus pumila
72. Silver Maple – Acer saccharinum
73. Staghorn Sumac – Rhus typhina
74. Sugar Maple – Acer saccharum
75. Swamp White Oak – Quercus bicolor
76. Sweet Gum – Liquidambar styraciflua
77. Sycamore – Platanus occidentalis
78. Tree Hydrangea – Hydrangea paniculata
79. Tuliptree – Liriodendron tulipifera
80. Weeping Willow – Salix babylonica
81. White Ash – Fraxinus americana
82. White Mulberry – Morus alba
83. White Oak – Quercus alba
84. White Pine – Pinus strobus
85. White Poplar – Populus alba
86. White Spruce – Picea glauca
87. Red Spruce – Picea rubens
88. Black Gum – Nyssa sylvatica
* Genus only identified.
29
Selected references
Most of the books listed are very good tree identification guides and several are selection and planing guides.
Barnes, B. V. And W. H. Wagner, Jr. 2004. Michigan Trees: A Guide to the Trees of the Great Lakes Region. The University of Michigan Press. Ann Arbor, MI
Cope, E. A. 1986. Native and Cultivated Conifers of Northeastern North America: A Guide. Cornell University Press. Ithaca, NY
Core, E. L. And N. P. Ammons. 1958. Woody Plants in Winter. West Virginia University Press. Morgantown, WV
Dirr, M. A. 2011. Dirr’s Encyclopedia of Trees and Shrubs. Timber Press. Portland, OR
--.1997. Dirr's Hardy Trees and Shrubs: An Illustrated Encyclopedia. Timber Press. Portland, OR
Dirr, M. A. and K. S. Warren. 2019. The Tree Book: Superior Selections for Landscapes, Streetscapes, and Gardens. Timber Press. Portland, OR
Jackson, M. T. 2004. 101 Trees of Indiana: A Field Guide. Indiana University Press. Bloomington, IN
Kershaw, L. 2006. Trees of Michigan, Including Tall Shrubs. Lone Pine Publishing. Aubern WA
Miller, H. A. 1978. How to Know the Trees, 3rd ed. (The Pictured Key Nature Series) Wm. C. Brown Co. Dubuque IO
Petrides, G. A. 1998. A Field Guide to Eastern Trees. (The Peterson Field Guide Series). Houghton Mifflin Co. New York, NY
Sibley, D. A. 2009. The Sibley Guide to Trees. Knopf Doubleday Publishing Group. New York, NY
Symonds, G. W. D., and S. V. Chelminski. 1958. The Tree Identification Book. William Morrow and Company, Inc. New York, NY
Tekiela, S. 2006. Trees of Indiana: Field Guide. Adventure Publications, Inc. Cambridge, MN
Weeks, S.S., H. P. Weeks, Jr. And G. R. Parker. 2010. Native Trees of the Midwest, 2nd ed. Purdue University Press. West Lafayette, IN
Williams, M. D. 2007. Identifying Trees: An All-Season Guide to Eastern North America. Stackpole Books. Mechanicsburg, PA
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31
Pictured is a Red Maple.
