EAR

By Elizabeth Racine, DVM

Ear infections are one of the most common reasons dogs are brought to the veterinary clinic every year. Not only are ear infections uncomfortable, but they can quickly become a chronic problem if not appropriately addressed. Before you overlook that head shake as just a common itch, make sure you know how to recognize the causes and signs of canine ear infections!

Ear infections are caused by an overgrowth of bacteria or yeast, which often occurs due to excess moisture in the ear canal. Dogs with floppy ears – such as the Basset Hound or the Cocker Spaniel – and those with significant hair growth in their ear canals may be more prone to ear infections because these conformations are more likely to hold in moisture. Anything that causes inflammation in the ear canal or disrupts the normal skin barrier can also predispose your dog to ear infections, including: • Food or environmental allergies • Ear mites • Foreign material in the ear • Endocrine disorders such as hypothyroidism or Cushing’s disease • Auto-immune disorders such as vasculitis or lupus • Inflammatory polyps • Trauma to the ear

External factors such as temperature and humidity can also play a role in the development of ear infections and many dogs experience ear infections primarily during the summer month. Dogs that swim or get bathed frequently may also be more likely to develop ear infections by getting water in their ears during these activities.

Dogs with ear infections often experience significant discomfort and may shake their heads frequently or scratch at their ears. You may also notice other symptoms, including: • Dark waxy discharge in the ear canal • Odor • Redness, irritation, and swelling • Crusting • Pus or mild bleeding • Wounds or hair loss on the external ear from scratching

Although ear infections are usually mild, it’s still important to see your veterinarian if you suspect your dog may be suffering from one. If left untreated, the infection can spread to the middle and internal ear, causing pain, hearing loss, and neurologic signs.

Your veterinarian will visually examine your dog’s ears using a tool called an otoscope. He or she may also take swabs from your dog’s ears and examine these samples under a microscope to identify the type of organism causing the infection. Once the infection has been appropriately diagnosed, your veterinarian will prescribe medication to treat it. Most ear infections can be treated with topical medications such as medicated ear cleaners and ointments. Severe infections may need to be treated with an oral antibiotic or antifungal medication.

Unfortunately, home remedies and over-the-counter treatments for ear infections rarely work. Never put products like rubbing alcohol, witch hazel, or hydrogen peroxide in your dog’s ears, as these can damage the eardrum and may further weaken the already inflamed skin barrier, worsening the infection. Always consult your veterinarian before initiating any treatments at home.

For dogs prone to ear issues, there are some steps you can take to prevent ear infections. Be sure to see your veterinarian regularly for wellness exams and routine preventive care, which can help you catch infections early. Addressing underlying conditions such as allergies or auto-immune disease can also help reduce the frequency and severity of flare-ups. For floppy-eared breeds or dogs that are frequently in water, ask your veterinarian to prescribe a good maintenance cleaner for you to use at home, which will dry the ear canal and prevent new infections. By staying on top of your dog’s ear health, you’ll ensure that this common malady does not become a recurring problem for your pup.