EYE PROBLEMS

EYE PROBLEMS IN PETS AND WHAT TO LOOK FOR

BY ELIZABETH RACINE, DVM

The eye is a sensitive organ and even minor eye problems can quickly become serious if left untreated. Many eye problems also have similar symptoms, so it can be tough to tell if your pet's condition is concerning. To help you spot eye problems more quickly, these are just a few of the most common eye conditions we see in dogs and cats.

CONJUNCTIVITIS

One of the most common eye problems in cats and dogs is conjunctivitis. Conjunctivitis is an inflammation of the membrane that lines the eyelids and the eye cavity. Conjunctivitis can occur in one or both eyes, and may be caused by infections, irritants, or trauma to the area. The affected eye may appear red and inflamed and may be itchy or painful. Pets with conjunctivitis may also paw at the affected eye or rub their face against things, putting them at risk for developing corneal ulcers. Fortunately, the condition is usually mild and can easily be treated with prescription ointments or eye washes from your veterinarian.

CORNEAL ULCERS

The cornea is the clear part that covers the front of the eye. When this clear covering becomes damaged, the result is a painful, infected sore on the surface of the eye. Symptoms of a corneal ulcer include mucus or pus discharge from the eye, keeping the eye squinted or closed, redness of the eye, prominent blood vessels in the white part of the eye, and pawing at the eye. Treatment of corneal ulcers includes topical antibiotics, pain medications, and medications to speed healing. Treatment may last several weeks. In severe cases, surgery may be needed to help improve healing of the ulcer.

NASOLACRIMAL DUCT BLOCKAGE

The nasolacrimal duct is a narrow tube that runs from the eye to the nasal cavity, and functions to drain excess tears from the eye. This tube is the reason why your nose runs when you cry! When this tube becomes blocked, tears can’t drain properly, leading to excessive tearing, crusting around the eye, discharge from the eye, and mild conjunctivitis. Blockage can occur due to infections, inflammation, dental disease, or trauma to the area. To relieve the blockage, your veterinarian will sedate your pet and then flush the duct with warm saline to remove any debris or discharge. If there is underlying infection or dental disease, this will also be addressed.

CATARACTS

A cataract occurs when the lens of the eye becomes cloudy and opaque. This can occur in one or both eyes, and can happen quickly or be slow and progressive. In purebred pets, most cataracts are inherited. In dogs, the second most common cause of cataracts is diabetes. In cats, the most common cause of cataracts is uveitis, or an inflammation of the middle layer of the eye. The preferred treatment for most types of cataracts is surgery to remove the cataract and implant an artificial lens. This requires referral to a veterinary ophthalmologist for further evaluation of the cataract as well as any concurrent eye disease.

GLAUCOMA

Glaucoma is an increase in the pressure in the eye, usually due to a reduction in the drainage of the fluid that fills the eyeball, which is called aqueous humor. Glaucoma is a complex disease with many possible causes, including genetics and abnormal eye conformation, and it occurs as a result of other chronic eye conditions. Symptoms of glaucoma include squinting, swelling of the eye, discharge, and a cloudy appearance. In addition to causing pain and protrusion of the eye, glaucoma can eventually lead to blindness and rupture of the eyeball. Glaucoma is typically treated with topical medications to reduce pressure, improve drainage of aqueous humor, and manage pain. Once diagnosed, your pet will need to stay on these medications for life.

DON'T WAIT ON EYE PROBLEMS!

Eye problems can be painful and often progress quickly if left untreated. Many eye problems can affect your pet's vision and may result in permanent loss of vision if not addressed in a timely manner. If you suspect your pet may have an eye problem, don’t wait – seek veterinary care right away.