Major Assignment Rosa (Climbing)
HONGBO YU 784127
PART A Taxonomy and nomenclature Rose is a classical plant that is often used in landscape design. It has exquisite and beautiful appearance which is an excellent choice to decorate parks, gardens and other landscape works. Climbing roses have special growth habit and appearance. In addition, they are often used in Australian gardens which means it is easy to find and research them in real life. Therefore, the group – Rosa (Climbing) is chosen for this analysis report. Climbing roses are a group of species that belong to the genus Rosa, which is a member of the family Rosaceae. Rosaceae occurs widely across a variety of habitats on Earth—it has a cosmopolitan distribution (Momiyama and Ohba, 1988). Rosaceae encompasses a number of edible fruit-producing or ornamental trees and shrubs and thus exhibits great economical importance (Momiyama and Ohba, 1988). The majority of rose species are native to Asia followed by North America and Europe and northwest Africa. They were introduced to and are widely used as an ornamental in Australia. The rose species are concentrated in the southeastern and southwestern coastal areas except for the inland regions (Bie.ala.org.au, 2019). Roses are typically perennial. They are erect, climbing, or trailing shrubs with stems protected by thorns, while there also exists species without thorns (Momiyama and Ohba, 1988). The leaves are often arranged alternately and pinnately compound. Sharply toothed oval leaflets are frequently seen in this group of plants. The flowers of wild roses usually have five petals; in contrast, the flowers of cultivated species typically have multiple sets of petals (i.e. double bloom) (Momiyama and Ohba, 1988). The size, shape and color of bloom vary dramatically with species, hybrids or cultivars, for example the bloom size can range from 0.5 inch for some tiny miniatures to 7 inches as seen in some hybrids, but the flowers of the Rosa genus are generally large and showy (Momiyama and Ohba, 1988). Being distinct from other species within the genus Rosa, the climbing varieties of roses have developed long canes that are well adapted to training on fences, arbors, pillars and gazebos. The climbing varieties are largely mutations or variations of bush roses (Momiyama and Ohba, 1988). So far, a number of hybrids and cultivars of climbing roses have been bred and selected as ornamental plants for landscape use (Id.biodiversity.org.au, 2019). Depending upon the varieties, bloom occurs once a season or repeatedly throughout seasons. These varieties also develop either large, solitary flowers or blooms in clusters. Most of climbing rose hybrids and cultivars are double-flowered with many or all of the stamens having mutated into additional petals. Climbing rose species can often propagate both sexually via seeds and via cuttings of stem or tip in a vegetative fashion (Momiyama and Ohba, 1988). In the context of climbing varieties, commonly seen hybrids and cultivars in Australia include Nahema, CrÊpuscule, Penny Lane, Dublin Bay and so on (Id.biodiversity.org.au, 2019).
PART B Cultivation and design use Roses have long been used for medicinal purposes, at celebration and as a source of perfume. The cultivation of roses for landscape use can be traced back to about 5,000 years ago in ancient China. The cultivation of roses was also extensive in the Middle East in Roman times (Coats and Creech, 1992; Karle, 2011). Cultivated roses were firstly introduced to Europe in the late eighteenth century. These cultivated roses were largely repeat-blooming varieties, making it possible to breed the native rose species with these introductions and providing great opportunities for the development of rose hybrids and cultivars of various desirable traits, such as long flowering season, new color and fragrance, and improved disease resistance. Therefore, the cultivation and introduction of rose species are of great significance in today’s horticulture and landscape design (Coats and Creech, 1992; Karle, 2011). Owing to their capability of climbing, climbing roses find great applications in landscape design, creating a place of floral interest, charm and elegance (Goldstein, 2018; Ross, 2015). Given appropriate support, climbing roses can grow on fences, arches, pergolas and a lot of other forms of structures (Goldstein, 2018; Ross, 2015). A good example is Noisette varieties, as exemplified by CrÊpuscule, which have been trained on wires to screen a wall, a water tank or toilet. As the climbing rose grows on the wire, it produces a generous number of buds from the side shoots, providing an ample coverage of the object you would like to cover (Goldstein, 2018; Ross, 2015). Other species, such as Shropshire Lad, are used on a walk-through arch frame (Ross, 2015). Climbing roses can also be trained on a pergola that helps form a shaded passageway. When growing roses up a pergola, tie in the flexible stems in a spiral fashion around the pillars will facilitate the growth of rose towards the roof of the pergola, creating a strong vertical accent (Goldstein, 2018; Ross, 2015). A lot of other structures, even a lamppost or a bird feeder post, can serve as a sturdy support for the climbing roses (Goldstein, 2018; Ross, 2015).
Figure 1-a: Rosa ‘Crépuscule’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne May 15, 2019 showing climbing habit in a spiral fashion
PART C
Rosa ‘Crépuscule’ Description Rosa ‘Crépuscule’ is perennial shrubby climber with fragrant, showy flowers of apricot or apricot-blend. The semi-double bloom has 8-15 ruffled petals that align in a curving, circular pattern, with a scooped-out looking center. Crépuscule is a repeat bloomer and deciduous with alternate, imparipinnate and dark green leaves. (Figure 1-a, 1-b) Rosa ‘Crépuscule’ has opposite leaf in ovate shape with acute apex, obtuse base and crenate margin. (Figure 1-b)
Figure 1-b: Rosa ‘Crépuscule’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne May 15, 2019 showing imparipinnate and dark green leaves and apricot, cupped bloom of ruffled petals Figure 1-a: Rosa ‘Crépuscule’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne May 15, 2019 showing climbing habit in a spiral fashion
Figure 1-c: Rosa ‘Crépuscule’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the Royal Botanic Gardens, Melbourne May 15, 2019 showing flower with central cluster of yellow stamens
Rosa ‘Crépuscule’ Data Sheet • Botanical name: Rosa ‘Crépuscule’ • Family name: Rosaceae • Common name: No common name • Plant origin and habitat: Crépuscule is bred by Francis Dubreuil in France in 1904. 1 Garden origin. • Typical plant type, form and growth rate: Crépuscule is a perennial shrubby climber that ranges from 6 to 12 feet high. Crépuscule is deciduous with alternate, imparipinnate and dark green leaves. The stems of Crépuscule have little or no thorns. It produces semi-double flowers. The color of the young flowers is orange but fades to apricot-yellow with time The bloom of Crépuscule is up to 2 inches wide. The semi-double bloom of Crépuscule has 8-15 ruffled petals that align in a curving, circular pattern, with a scooped-out looking center. Crépuscule blooms repeatedly throughout the season in decorative small clusters. Crépuscule propagates via cuttings of stem or tip.1 • Landscape use, horticulture and maintenance Crépuscule can be trained against a trellis or along a fence. This cultivar is also used as a large ornamental weeping rose and can create a magnificent display of roses on arching canes. 2 Crépuscule is very low maintenance and can tolerate less sunlight than recommended for roses. • Historical and cultural information Crépuscule is classified as a Noisette, one of the Old Garden Rose The name Crépuscule stands for “twilight” in French, describing well the color changes observed in the bloom of Crépuscule2 • Environmental tolerances and other noteworthy information Optimal growing zones: USDA zone 7 and warmer Soil pH preferences: Moderately acid~ Slightly alkaline (pH 5.6~7.8)1 • Comparison of specimen with the species description The specimen has imparipinnate and dark green leaves and apricot, cupped bloom of ruffled petals (Figure 1-b), and exhibits climbing habit in a spiral fashion (Figure 1-a).
1 Garden.org. (2013a). Rose (Rosa 'Crepuscule') in the Roses Database - Garden.org. [online] Available at: https://garden.org/plants/view/19/Rose-Rosa-Crepuscule. 2 Rose Society of South Australia. (2019). Crepuscule - Rose Society of South Australia. [online] Available at: https://sarose.org.au/rose-month/crepuscule.
2019 showing curved dark green leaves and climbing habit
Rosa ‘Nahema’ Description Rosa ‘Nahema’ is a perennial, deciduous shrubby climber with very double, exquisitely perfumed flowers of link pink color. (Figure 2-b) Nahema has distinct foliage that tends to recurve. It is a repeat bloomer. Rosa ‘Nahema’ has opposite leaf in ovate shape with acute apex, hastate base and serrate margin. (Figure 2-c)
Figure 2-a: Rosa ‘Nahema’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the Victoria State Rose Garden, Werribee May 17, 2019 showing curved dark green leaves and climbing habit
Figure 2-b: Rosa ‘Nahema’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the Victoria State Rose Garden, Werribee May 17, 2019 showing curved dark green leaves and pink cupped bloom
Figure 2-c: Rosa ‘Nahema’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the Victoria State Rose Garden, Werribee May 17, 2019 showing single flower with central cluster of light pink stamens
Rosa ‘Nahema’ Data Sheet • Botanical name: Rosa ‘Nahema’ • Family name: Rosaceae • Common name: No common name • Plant origin and habitat: Nahema is bred by Georges Delbard, France, 2006. 1 Garden Origin. • Typical plant type, form and growth rate: Nahema is a perennial shrubby climber. Nahema typically has a height of 7 to 10 feet. Nahema produces masses of very fragrant and deeply cupped light pink blooms in profusion throughout the seasons. Nahema produces strong, apricot or peach, citrus, rose fragrance. The cupped flower has more than 40 petals with a diameter of 2-3 inches. The foliage of Nahema is distinct in that the leaves have a tendency to recurve. Nahema propagates via cuttings of stem or tip.1 • Landscape use, horticulture and maintenance Nahema can be used for cut flower, garden or pillar1 • Historical and cultural information The renowned perfume ‘Nahema’ in the Guerlain range is based on the essence of this wonderful rose. • Environmental tolerances and other noteworthy information Optimal growing zones: USDA zone 4 and warmer Soil pH preferences: Moderately acid~ Slightly alkaline (pH 5.6~7.8)1 • Comparison of specimen with the species description The specimen has the featured curved dark green leaves and the pink, cupped bloom of Nahema, as shown in Figure 2-b, and exhibits climbing habit, as shown in Figure 2-a.
1
Garden.org. (2011). Rose (Rosa 'Nahema') in the Roses Database - Garden.org. [online] Available at: https://garden.org/plants/view/4611/Rose-Rosa-Nahema.
Figure 3-a: Rosa ‘Penny Lane’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the, Victoria State Rose Garden, Werribee May 17, 2019 showing climbing habit.
Rosa ‘Penny Lane’ Description Rosa ‘Penny Lane’ is a perennial, deciduous shrubby climber (Figure 3-a) with large, full, cupped bloom of more than 40 petals of pink-apricot blend color. (Figure 3-a) It is a repeat bloomer. Rosa ‘Penny Lane’ has opposite leaf in ovate shape with acute apex, cordate base and serrate margin. (Figure 3-d)
Figure 3-a: Rosa ‘Penny Lane’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the, Victoria State Rose Garden, Werribee May 17, 2019 showing climbing habit
Figure 3-c: Rosa ‘Penny Lane’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the Victoria State Rose Garden, Werribee May 17, 2019 showing flower with central cluster of yellow stamens
Figure 3-b: Rosa ‘Penny Lane’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the Victoria State Rose Garden, Werribee May 17, 2019 showing large, full, cupped bloom
Figure 3-d: Rosa ‘Penny Lane’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the Victoria State Rose Garden, Werribee May 17, 2019 showing leaf information
Rosa ‘Penny Lane’ Data Sheet • Botanical name: Rosa ‘Penny Lane’ • Family name: Rosaceae • Common name: No common name • Plant origin and habitat: Nahema is bred by Harkness, England, 1998. 1 Garden origin. • Typical plant type, form and growth rate: Penny Lane is a perennial shrubby climber. Penny Lane typically has a height of 12-15 feet. Penny Lane has large, full, cupped bloom of more than 40 petals in clusters The color of bloom is pink-apricot blend. Penny Lane blooms continuously throughout the seasons. Penny Lane produces strong fragrance. The stem of Penny Lane has thorns. Penny Lane propagates via cuttings of stem or tip.1 • Landscape use, horticulture and maintenance Penny Lane is primarily used as cut flower • Historical and cultural information Penny Lane received the Award of Garden Merit (AGM) by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) in 1998.1 • Environmental tolerances and other noteworthy information Optimal growing zones: USDA zone 5 and warmer Soil pH preferences: Moderately acid~ Slightly alkaline (pH 5.6~7.8)1 • Comparison of specimen with the species description The specimen has large, full, cupped bloom of light apricot, as shown in Figure 3-b, and exhibits climbing habit, as shown in Figure 3-a.
1 Garden.org. (2017). Rose (Rosa 'Penny Lane') in the Roses Database - Garden.org. [online] Available at: https://garden.org/plants/view/3256/Rose-Rosa-Penny-Lane.
17, 2019 showing climbing habit in a spiral fashion
Rosa ‘Dublin Bay’ Description Rosa ‘Dublin Bay’ is a perennial, deciduous shrubby climber (Figure 4-a) with double to full bloom of 16-25 petals of red color. (Figure 4-b) It is a repeat bloomer. Rosa ‘Dublin Bay’ has opposite leaf in ovate shape with acute apex, hastate base and serrate margin. (Figure 4-b)
Figure 4-b: Rosa ‘Dublin Bay’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the, Victoria State Rose Garden, Werribee May 17, 2019 showing double, red-colored bloom Figure 4-a: Rosa ‘Dublin Bay’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the Victoria State Rose Garden, Werribee May 17, 2019 showing climbing habit in a spiral fashion
Figure 4-c: Rosa ‘Dublin Bay’ collected by Hongbo Yu in the, Victoria State Rose Garden, Werribee May 17, 2019 showing flower with central cluster of yellow stamens
Rosa ‘Dublin Bay’ Data Sheet • Botanical name: Rosa ‘Dublin Bay’ • Family name: Rosaceae • Common name: No common name • Plant origin and habitat: Nahema is bred by Samuel Darragh McGredy IV, Northern Ireland, 1975. 1 Garden origin. • Typical plant type, form and growth rate: Dublin Bay is perennial. Dublin Bay typically has a height of 8-12 feet. Dublin Bay has double to full bloom of 16-25 petals in clusters The color of bloom is medium red or red. Dublin Bay blooms continuously throughout the seasons. Dublin Bay produces mild fragrance. The stem of Dublin Bay has thorns. Dublin Bay propagates via cuttings of stem or tip.1 • Landscape use, horticulture and maintenance Dublin Bay is primarily used as cut flower. • Historical and cultural information Dublin Bay received the Award of Garden Merit (AGM) by the British Royal Horticultural Society (RHS) in 1975.1 • Environmental tolerances and other noteworthy information Soil pH preferences: Moderately acid~ Slightly alkaline (pH 5.6~7.8)1 • Comparison of specimen with the species description The specimen has double, red-colored bloom, which is consistent with the species description, as shown in Figure 4-b, and exhibits climbing habit in a spiral fashion, as shown in Figure 4-a.
1 Garden.org. (2013b). Rose (Rosa 'Dublin Bay') in the Roses Database - Garden.org. [online] Available at: https://garden.org/plants/view/1544/Rose-Rosa-Dublin-Bay.
Reference Coats, A. and Creech, J. (1992). Garden shrubs and their histories. New York: Simon and Schuster. Rose Society of South Australia. (2019). Crepuscule - Rose Society of South Australia. [online] Available at: https://sarose.org.au/rose-month/crepuscule. Goldstein, S. (2018). Roses in the Landscape | John Montgomery Landscape Architects. [online] John Montgomery Landscape Architects. Available at: https://johnmontgomerylandscapearchitects.com/roses-in-the-landscape Karle, T. (2011). Celebration of flowers. Lulu Com. Momiyama, Y. and Ohba, H. (1988). 'Rosa' and 'Rubus' ('Rosaceae'). Tokyo: The University Museum The University of Tokyo - Department of Botany. Bie.ala.org.au. (2019). Rosa. [online] Available at: https://bie.ala.org.au/species/http://id.biodiversity.org.au/node/apni/2905698. Id.biodiversity.org.au. (2019). Rosaceae, CHAH (2009), Australian Plant Census. [online] Available at: https://id.biodiversity.org.au/instance/apni/886097. Garden.org. (2013a). Rose (Rosa 'Crepuscule') in the Roses Database - Garden.org. [online] Available at: https://garden.org/plants/view/19/Rose-Rosa-Crepuscule. Garden.org. (2013b). Rose (Rosa 'Dublin Bay') in the Roses Database - Garden.org. [online] Available at: https://garden.org/plants/view/1544/Rose-Rosa-Dublin-Bay. Garden.org. (2011). Rose (Rosa 'Nahema') in the Roses Database - Garden.org. [online] Available at: https://garden.org/plants/view/4611/Rose-Rosa-Nahema. Garden.org. (2017). Rose (Rosa 'Penny Lane') in the Roses Database - Garden.org. [online] Available at: https://garden.org/plants/view/3256/Rose-Rosa-Penny-Lane. Ross, S. (2015). Climbing Roses. [online] The Garden Clinic. Available at: https://www.gardenclinic.com.au/how-to-grow-article/using-climbing-roses.