Honglin Li Academic Portfolio Lite Version

Portfolio of Selected Architectural Works

Honglin Li

2014-2022 2014-22

VERTICAL VERSATILITY

Academic Individual Work TYPE:

PROGRAM: Multifunction Ecology Sky Farm

LOCATION:

Florence, Italy

DATE: Feb. 2014

Florence is one of the most classical historical cities in Europe. The urban design was preserved from the age of the ancient Roman, 95% of the architecture retains the Renaissance style perfectly. The Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore is the absolute center of Florence for it historical status, artistic attainments, the height and the volume. “Vertical Versatility” is an ambitious concept rooted in the context of the Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore and historical site in Florence. It was intended to “challenge” the center position of the Cathedral, especially in height, and “breakthrough” the monopoly of the Renaissance architecture in Florence. This proposal is an audacious experiment of the feasibility of postmodernist style design in a historical city. By exploring the meaning of eternity and timeliness in architecture, discussing the contradictory and sublet complex of the freedom to understand the real qualities of great architecture. The essence behind the ambition is not only a tribute to Cathedral of Santa Maria del Fiore and Renaissance civilization but also respect to the cultural and historical architecture and the sincere love for this ancient city.

Result-Restaurant Cafeteria Bar

Final/Fourth stage, Result: The forth and the last stage is where you present the product. This is where you perform and share with others. Also, there are several restaurants, cafe, and bars located on this floor, where you can have a great time with your family.

Private Lounge

Practice-Culinary-School Kitchen-Practice Exhibition-Area

Third stage, Practice: In the third stage, when the ideas are set you start to plan, create and refine the ideas into a physical dish. Through focus, hard work, and patience one may finally end up with a unique gastronomic product that can be shared in the final stage.

Special Exhibition

Study-Library Reading-Room Study-Room Research-Lab

Second Stage, Study: In the second state ideas are created. You will fin all kinds of cooking books here and have a first impression of what kind of food you will be making. In this phase the details about ingredients, the ways of cooking, ans so on.

Wine Testing

Coffee Testing

Inspiration-Market Food-Testing Gardens

First Stage, Imagination: The first stage shall stimulate and inspire the senses. Here, one is able to taste, smell, feel and understand the ingredients. Those area the dictate what Italians usually use. Through a deeper understanding of how the Italian ingredients works, one can start to provide an image and an idea of what can be achieved.

Public-Parking Reception Service Office Storage

Underground Level. This level will service as parking lot, Service Room, Office and Storage Room. An reception will locate in front of the main elevator for drop-off.

ADAPTIVE

REUSE

TYPE:

PROGRAM: LOCATION:

DATE: 02

Academic Individual Work

Social Ideas Exchange Center

Sandusky, Ohio USA

Oct. 2014

Adaptive reuse is the theme of this project, which driven by sustainable design, aims to instill a newfound sense of identity and value into one of the many leftover townhouse buildings in Sandusky, Ohio, in the form of a new idea exchange center for young artists and innovators. Through the study of urban planning and the evaluate the value of existing buildings, three individual townhouses were selected to be renovated. Considering the budget and feasibility, this proposal preserves the historical façade which facing downtown Sandusky, load-bearing walls and the main wooden structure and wooden roofs, focus on reforming the plane, other facades, and roofs. By connecting floor of three different buildings horizontally, and pushing back floor slab from the façade 15ft, creating a triphigh atrium. This atrium connects with double-envelope and winter roof garden, acts as a climate buffer to response the temperature difference between day and night, and to increase the performance of energy consumption of the building.

Elevations & Plans

Remove minor facades and roof, while keeping original floors and structure. Leave the main facade facing Main Street for historic reference. Remodel floor shapes based on the new programs, and creating double and triple spaces inside the building. Create first skin to enclose interior space. Reinforce structure system. Create second skin above the first skin, placing green plants and winter garden in between.

South Elevation

West Elevation

North Elevation

By Pushing back floor slabs 5 feet from the existing facade, a trip-high atrium is created. This atrium will allow nature daylight travels farther into the space. The hidden side of the reserved historic facade will appear to visitors. Atrium also plays an important role in the passive design, which acts as a climate butter. In winter, the voids capture solar heat and re-radiate them to the interior. In summer, various shading devices including adjustable sun protecting blinds and curtains reduce insulation.

819 PENN AVENUE

TYPE:

TEAM:

PROGRAM:

LOCATION:

Academic Team Work

Nicholas Young

Culture And Performing Arts Communication Center/Office

Pittsburgh, PA USA

DATE: May. 2015

819 Penn Avenue is aiming to provide a solution for downtown Pittsburgh monotonous commercial building complex and limited activity space for residents, which will break the traditional form of commercial buildings, and propose a new architecture structure system and passive design strategy. Following the design concept of The Behnisch Plan- "RIVERPARC" master plan, this proposal merges a wild range of ground facilities, so that public street and squares can communicate with each other, abandon the Functional singularity, maximize the social activities playground for neighbors. The lower part-culture and performing arts communication center and the middle part which is a considerable area of green space servings as one part of city public space. A free and flexible floor plan allows for the gathering of people from multiple fields as well as serendipitous meetings. The spiraling ramp not only works as the main circulation path but also as an ambiguous transition space between interior and exterior. Users can access any floor with this ramp, and its destination is the green space in the middle. The upper tower serves as office space, a diagonal atrium connected by small green space spared in each level, All floors are connected to the courtyard, terraces or roof garden so that every workspace is steps away from ample daylight and fresh air – natural ingredients for a creative workspace. By redefining three architecture typologies, the intimate of the lower part, the nature of the middle green space, and the efficiency of the upper tower, to create a new identity for the downtown Pittsburgh, transform it to be integrated into the public life of the city.

Superstructure Core-Support Truss System Secondary Structure

The structure chosen for this building is steel with concrete slabs on metal decking. Steel columns were chosen due to concrete columns needing to be five feet in diameter. The steel columns needed to be braced in the 55’ gap, so the columns cross each other, and are connected to the event space located half way between the gap. To support the upper half of the building, there is an extra level, 15’ in height, dedicated to a truss system. This truss system carries the cantilevered load back to the core, which also increased double in thickness, to help carry the extra load, and help with the lateral loads that will be acting upon the building. The beams run the width of the building—having more beams for structure, while the girders run the length, to allow a more rigid frame to help with the moments the building will endure. Extra columns are added to carry to have these columns support the lower floors, and letting the upper strained columns continue to the ground without them having to pick up more loads.

Steel columns and a large center core carry the loads to the ground. Columns that are exposed in the gap of the building are crossed to shorten the bracing.

The core has over 4 feet thick high strength shearing wall to carry the loads and hold the building steady.

A full height truss level is place below the upper half of the building to reduce the exposed columns.

The secondary structure connects the double facade of the building in the private part of the building.

Integrated System Design

Structure Grids

The Diagonal Atrium

By shifting the floor slabs horizontally to introduce a diagonal atrium both a physical and visual relation between the different floors is created and a great green space with double height. The diagonal atrium locates on the east side of the building, which opens the building itself up to the city with its 8-storey atrium. The atrium acts as a window between the world of work and the outside, as well as providing a social heart for the building, and serving as an environmental buffer to reduce energy use.

LACMA 2.0

Academic Work TYPE:

TEAM: Museum & Theater

Ernesto Rementilla Jr

PROGRAM:

Los Angeles, CA USA LOCATION:

DATE: Sep. 2016 04

This project was required to design a new building for LACMA’s permanent collection by scaling and transferring the previous art project “Problem Cloud,” which is box shape geometry with several layers. The main design strategy is to maintain a promenade which connects the western part of the campus to La Brae Tar Pits. Provides a longitudinal path perpendicular to entrance plaza of the campus and sets up the direction of the main superstructure. The new proposal oriented disagree with paralleling the Boulevard and the traditional city grid, offset creates a large right-angled triangle positive space for the public, become “the plaza” of a city center. By extending and converting the most important central axis of Los Angeles, the public sidewalk will transform to the sculpture garden, green park, and amphitheater of the museum. This layout of offsetting axis allows the building to face the city center. The tilt and lift of the building relate to the original box, creating a covered, sunken sculpture garden. The canyon allows one to move in between the layers. As the main superstructure, the two walls hold the programs which weave in and out once in the museum. The wall is dematerialized through perforations which vary in size allowing for bridges through the canyon.

Site Plan

The new proposal oriented disagree with paralleling the Boulevard, offset and create a large right-angled triangle positive space for the public, become “the plaza” of a city center, metaphorically. It proposal oriented avoiding Urban Light, Ticket Pavilion, and Pavilion for Japanese Art, also it oriented to downtown Los Angeles. The theater across the street parallel to the main building and the tunnel under the Wilshire is perpendicular to it. Expand public attraction through expansion of sidewalks into the plaza and elevating the building. Extends and transforms sidewalks to sculpture gardens, parks, and amphitheaters through positioning and landscape strategies.

1, Main Entry. 2, Lobby. 3, Underground Level Entry. 4, Communication Space. 5, Exhibition Space. 6, Center Platform. 7, Exhibition Space. 8, Viewing Platform. 9, Library & Study Space. 10, Underground Tunnel. 11, Amphitheater. 12, Multi-Functional Theater. 13, Wilshire Blvd. 14, Urban Lights. 15. Broad Contemporary Art Museum. 16, Project 23 & Pit 91. 17, Pavilion for Japanese Art. 18, The Lake Pit. 19, Ticket Pavilion.

Sections

The primary structure is two thick perforated walls which are slightly tilted. Maintain the original straight path goes through the museum directly from the ticket office to La Brea tar pits. The new path will remain the legacy of the span of the site, as well as a reflection of that the Wilshire Boulevard is the spine of Los Angeles from the urban standpoint. Programs locate in several “boxes” that overhang from “the walls.” Truss span on both sides from “the walls” as superstructure. Outer Veil as a shading device for program inside, it opens to particular object or views such as Pavilion for Japanese Art. The Platform as an extension of the public ground space, allows programs continue to the sky lobby.

The Platform

The platform works as an extension of the public ground space with 10-degree slope, which is half outdoor and half indoor, shaded by the outer veil. It is a 43,000 square feet buffer space between street and LACMA collections. This space is highly flexible and adaptable, long span from the walls create a large column-free zone, can be used as exhibition space, communication space, and interactive space.

QIXI-VILLAGE WATERFRONT

COTTAGE

TYPE:

TEAM:

PRGRAM:

LOCATION:

DATE: 05

Competition - Finalist

Chenyu Huang, Zhaoxuan Wang

Cottage

Qixi-Village, Zhejiang Province, China

April 2018- June 2018

Located on the waterfront of a historic town named Qixi Village, the project is sited next to the Qianjiangyuan National Forest Park in the southeast of Zhejiang province. Floating above an elevated topography, the cottage is surrounded by uninterrupted views to nearby rivers and mountains in all directions. the main focus of the design is to take advantage of the typography, creating an intimate architecture that adapts to the sloping landscape. The circular plan allows each guest room to enjoy uninterrupted, panoramic views to the water and national park, while also facing away from other rooms and ensuring maximum privacy. The design was made to create an intimate, memorable hospitality experience for travelers, backpackers, and family visitors in nature.

Courtyard

Intersecting the two axes is a porous public space that is accessible for both the visitors and local residents. This internal garden is a clearly defined space in comparison to the external landscape. The central axis extends south towards the waterfront to create a viewing deck. The combination of viewing deck and internal garden create a collective space that brings opportunity for shared experiences through diverse events.

Room Interior

The interior is composed of a wood floor finish on top of smooth-polished concrete, with walls and ceilings cladded in wood panels with the same intervals as on the exterior cladding. Roof skylight provides natural lighting for standard guestrooms, as well as the upper-level spaces in guest villas. At night, visitors can see the starry sky from their bed. The skylight and pitched roof create a unique outline of the cottage massing that highlights the building profile within the landscape.

COMMUNITY CENTER MISSION BAY

TYPE:

PRGRAM:

LOCATION:

DATE: 06

Mission Bay is the most rapidly developing neighborhood in San Francisco. Among the numerous multi-family, office and medical buildings currently being built, Dropbox HQ, Uber HQ, and the Warriors arena will soon call Mission Bay their home. As the area rapidly gains density, the Community Center becomes a vital resource to allow for a cross section of old and new populations to gather. Additionally, the project is sited across the street from a future public K-12 school and will become a resource for after school activities. Primary programs include fitness/yoga room, indoor basketball court that can also be used as a performance hall, community meeting room with kitchen, study hall and small library. It is taking advantage of California’s climate, the ground floor open to the public areas and the surrounding city. Its floor is concrete tile mix with grass tile, creating a refined plaza next to the park. The upper level is a box that facilitates the activities of the levels below and above. Full floor trusses within make the 60 feet column-free cantilever span of the floor below possible and support the box above. By manipulating the volume, multiple levels and different interaction are visible behind the clear facade. Transparency becomes the main character, as one of the true value of community center itself.

Academic Individual Work

Basketball Court, Gym, Public Space

Mission Bay, San Francisco, CA

Sep 2018- Dec 2018

Multi-use Sport Court

On the upper levels, a single 6,620 SF plate is devoted to multiuse sport court space. Temporary partition walls can be erected on a 25’ grid, providing maximum flexibility in the deployment of a variety of spatial configurations, while not blocking skylights and artificial lighting. Pale oak flooring is paired with white walls and ceilings. Through the facade, the outdoor basketball court is visible.

THE FILTRATION SKYSCRAPER

TYPE:

eVolo Competition Honorable Mention

PROGRAM: Floating Garbage Recycle Skyscraper

LOCATION:

DATE: Feb. 2019 North Pacific Gyre

Convert Abandoned Oil Platform into Floating Garbage Recycle Skyscraper

FILTRATION is a waste-management and waste-to-energy power plant skyscraper located in the “Eighth Continent”- it often refers to the Great Pacific Garbage Patch, which is a collection of marine debris in the North Pacific Ocean. It spans waters from the West Coast of North America to Japan. The size of the patch is estimated to be 8.1% of the size of the Pacific Ocean, twice the size of Texas, thrice the size of California, the rubbish layer is on average 100 feet thick. The Great Pacific Garbage Patch is not the only vortex—it’s just the biggest. The Atlantic and Indian Oceans both have trash vortexes. Even shipping routes in smaller bodies of water, such as the North Sea, are developing garbage patches.

FILTRATION essentially is a highly modularized prefabricated waste-management and waste-to-energy power plant megastructure that contains several Material Recovery Facilities (MRF) and Water Treatment Plants (WTP) to recycle the floating garbage continent and clean the seawater in all levels from the different ocean across the world. The innovative not only for self-sustaining but also helping resolve the world energy crisis for this coming century.

Unlike the conventional material recovery facility mainly relies on gravity, by using multiple conveyors to rise the garbage mainstream several times to sort different items. The “FILTRATION” uses seawater to pump the garbage with polluted water together to the highest location of the building, and filter the water and recycle the material for the top to bottom of the building. Eventually, the non-recycled material and recycled material will be transported away.

The main structure - the “tree truck” Core can allow for a flexible and inclusive range of facilities and plants attach to it. Anything from Plastic Recycling Facility to Waste-to-energy Power Plant can be accommodated in a vertical aggregation on four sides of idealized and efficient dwellings at the foundations of the tower. Most of the facility is composed of modular parts which can be replaced as the requirements.

This proposal not only gives a rebirth to floating waste but also give the second chance to reconstruct the relationship between nature and human beings.

OCE SOLID-LIQUID FILTER

The basic concept of the filter press is used in applications as diverse as blood-plasma purification through to the de-watering of large tonnages of mining slurries. Clearly, the needs of these applications, in terms of size and for example hygiene, mean that the actual execution of these machines will vary massively.

API OIL–WATER SEPARATOR

An API oil–water separator is a device designed to separate gross amounts of oil and suspended solids from the wastewater effluents of oil refineries, petrochemical plants, chemical plants, natural gas processing plants and other industrial oily water sources.

DISSOLVED AIR FLOTATION

Dissolved air flotation (DAF) is a water treatment process that clarifies wastewaters by the removal of suspended matter such as oil or solids. The removal is achieved by dissolving air in the water or wastewater under pressure and then releasing the air at atmospheric pressure in a flotation tank basin.

SAND FILTER

There are three main types of sand filters. All are used extensively in the water industry throughout the world. The first two require the use of flocculant chemicals to work effectively while slow sand filters can produce very high quality water free from pathogens, taste and odour without the need for chemical aids.

ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE CONTROLLER

The “brain” of this giant machine consists of series of super-computer. In this proposal, AI will take full control of the daily operation. It can collect live date, therefore, make the best decision base on preset programs. More importantly, AI has the ability to self-learning and become more and more efficient.

LOW TEMPERATURE BIODRYER

Biodrying is the process by which biodegradable waste is rapidly heated through initial stages of composting to remove moisture from a waste stream and hence reduce its overall weight.

PSW SCREEN AUTOMATIC SORTER

Before the separation process begins, sorters remove any items that are not recyclable, can get tangled in the system, or hurt our employees. For instance, plastic bags are removed and placed into a suction duct to remove them from the system and recycle separately.

OCC SCREEN AUTOMATIC SORTER

The OCC screen is an inclined series of rotating discs that separate 3D objects from 2D objects (paper, fiber) by having different spacing between the shafts and discs. Paper and other material are removed by falling through the discs or down the incline.

BIO FILTER DISINFECTION TANK

Biofiltration is a pollution control technique using a bioreactor containing living material to capture and biologically degrade pollutants. Common uses include processing waste water, capturing harmful chemicals or silt from surface runoff, and microbiotic oxidation of contaminants in air.

The purpose of disinfection in the treatment of waste water is to substantially reduce the number of microorganisms in the water to be discharged back into the environment for the later use of drinking, bathing, irrigation, etc. The effectiveness of disinfection depends on the quality of the water being treated the type of disinfection being used, the disinfectant dosage and other environmental variables.

OPN SCREEN AUTOMATIC SORTER

The ONP screen is an inclined series of rotating discs that separates ONP from mixed paper and containers. If the material is too small or rigid, it will fall between the discs or down the incline.

PSW SCREEN AUTOMATIC SORTER

Plastic is carefully sorted along conveyors throughout the MRF to ensure we are recycling contaminant-free product.

Photodegradation: The sun breaks down plastic into smaller and smaller piece, but can never break it down entirely. Unlike organic materials, which eventually biodegrade, the plastic breaks into ever smaller pieces while still remaining a polymer. As it breaks apart, the plastic ultimately becomes small enough to be ingested by aquatic organisms which reside near the ocean’s surface. Plastic waste enters the food chain and finally consumes by human.

Contamination: 90% of the trash floating in the world’s ocean is plastic.39% larger than 1 millimeter, 35% 1 millimeter wide, 17% 0,5 millimeters wide, 10% 0.3 millimeter wide. In every square mile of ocean, according to some estimates, floats nearly 50,000 piece of plastic.

Marine Debris Decomposition Timeline and Contamination

Disintegration: Plastics in the water absorb floating chemicals, which are attached to the plastics oil base. Many of these chemicals are know known as persistent organic pollutants, which never leave the environment or break down. These chemicals include. Aldrin (insecticide), Chlordane (pesticide), Dieldrin (insecticide), DDT (pesticide), Dioxins (toxic chemicals that are an industrial waste product of action like metal smelting and paper bleaching), Endrin (insecticide), Furans (Toxic chemicals used as solvents), Heptachlor (insecticide), Hexachlorobenzene (fungicide), Mirex (insecticide), Polychlorinated Biphenyls (or PCBs, coolant and lubricant), Toxaphene (insecticide)

Chemicals Decomposed from Common Plastic

Oil Drilling Platforms: An oil drilling Platform is a structure that houses equipment such as the derrick, pipe, drill bits and cables necessary to extract petroleum from beneath the earth’s surface. Oil drilling rigs can be either offshore for drilling into the ocean floor or land-based. The earliest offshore drilling was limited to coastal oil deposits that were accessible from piers, but oil companies today can choose from a variety of elaborate methods, letting them drill almost anywhere at almost any depth. Typically when wells run dry, rigs are dismantled, but Emily Callahan and Amber Jackson argue that more retired oil infrastructure should remain in place permanently, as habitat.

There are many different types of facilities from which offshore drilling operations take place. These include bottom founded drilling rigs (jackup barges and swamp barges), combined drilling and production facilities either bottom founded or floating platforms, and deepwater mobile offshore drilling units (MODU) including semi-submersibles and drillships. These are capable of operating in water depths up to 3,000 metres (9,800 ft). In shallower waters the mobile units are anchored to the seabed, however in deeper water (more than 1,500 metres (4,900 ft)) the semisubmersibles or drillships are maintained at the required drilling location using dynamic positioning.

Contribution of Coastal Regions to the 5 Gyres and Other Accumulation Zones

QUIVER TREE SAFARI LODGE

This safari lodge in Limpopo, South Africa is a 54 meter square, all-inclusive, durable, temporary guest room structure. The unique shape of the lodge showcases a recognizable, and appealing aesthetic within its landscape context, while curating a dynamic spatial experience. The iconic roof shape controls passive solar gain with a sustainable mind. Wood is selected as the primary framing material for its durability, ease in manufacturing, and simplicity with on-site assembly or partial off-site prefabrication. A wall of operable swing glass doors can open completely to the outdoors with 90-degree glass swinging doors.

PROGRAM:

LOCATION:

Competition - Finalist

Safari Lodge

TYPE: Limpopo, South Africa

DATE: Jan, 2022

This design maximizes natural ventilation, while introducing a seamless indoor-outdoor transition to allow guests to be fully immersed in nature, and incorporate the breathtaking landscape into the day-to-day guest experience.

The program layout is efficient and flexible, consolidating service and utility spaces on one side, and leaving the rest of the lodge as open-plan area for living and sleeping. The raised decking minimizes the environmental impact and ecological footprint on the site, while making dissembling and relocation of the structure easy.

The iconic roof shape controls passive solar gain with a sustainable mind. Wood is selected as the primary framing material for its durability, ease in manufacturing, and simplicity with on-site assembly or partial off-site prefabrication.

JIAXING CULTURAL AXIS PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE

TYPE:

Competition - Finalist

Chenyu Huang, Matt Turlock

PROGRAM:

TEAM: Pedestrian Bridge

LOCATION:

Jiaxing, Zhejiang

DATE: May. 2022

09

The Jiaxing Bridge stands to be an iconic bridge for Jiaxing Ancient City, extending the city’s striking cultural axis across to Haogu Tower and connecting the historic town and South Lake. The site is steeped in history, from adjacent stone bridges, architecture along the grand canal, and the aforementioned Haogu Tower. In parallel, the district stands as a site for a contemporary development, integrating modernity and preemptively building for the future. Thus, it is of paramount importance that the proposed bridge strengthens the cultural corridor, promotes connectivity between historical districts, responds to the ancient history of the site while providing a contemporary structure, and promotes sustainable practices looking forward to a climate-conscious future.

The volume of the bridge body steps in from top to bottom, avoiding existing foliage, reducing environmental impact, and increasing space at ground level to promote gathering and provided shaded space.

The arches can provide a long span without piers on the water or railway.

This bridge is here proposed to directly extend the Ancient City Central Cultural Axis, launching from the north bank of the Huancheng River and landing in front of Haogu Tower, promoting a direct and uninterrupted line of sight to the tower. This crossing celebrates the cultural axis, w`hile providing a strong, historic terminus to the corridor.

This deliberate siting results in an oblique river crossing, requiring a long structural span. The adjacent brick arch bridge crossing at ZiYang Bridge provides initial inspiration for a series of three contemporary arches, spanning the the Huancheng River, Shanghai-Kunming Railway, and Yuanhu Road respectively. A single grand arch serves as the deck of the bridge, unifying the three structural arches below. This series of arches was refined to maintain desired river, rail, and road clearances while also seeking to minimize the vertical height of the bridge, as to not disrupt the existing skyline.

The proposed arch bridge locates all structure framing below the top deck, preserving the view corridor. No structural towers or large depth trusses are required.

Two tangential, overlapped circulation arches provide connections from North to South and enhance the bond between riversides.

Site Boundary

Culturla Axis

Urban to Nature Connections

The pedestrian bridge needs to cross the Huancheng River and the railway to connect the ancient city and the South Lake. Bridge height, volume, and pier size are strategically refined to reduce visual and environmental impact.

The bridge is located on the central axis, which is intended to improve the urban central axis system and connect the slow-moving system of Jiaxing Ancient City and Nanhu.

The proposal embraces the connection between the Huancheng South Road and Jiaxing old city, maintaining the historical scale of the space along the Grand Canal.

The pedestrian bridge improves upon existing pedestrian networks across the river and railway by building a direct north-south connection. The bridge becomes a landscape node offering sightseeing and passage to the Grand Canal.

Below the Bridge

The bridge features a gathering stair below deck, embedded within the structural arch across Huancheng River. This occupiable stair serves two purposes. First, it provides connectivity from the south bank of the Huancheng River to the upper deck of the bridge, and subsequently to both the north bank of the river and South Lake district. Second, the gathering stair is a sheltered escape from the heat, providing a shaded area with tiered seating. Performances or small gatherings could be hosted within this space, or a visual media presentation could be projected upwards to the bottom of the bridge deck, providing an immersive experience for visitors.