Water f ron t Desig n , Neu se River, Gold sb oro, NC
PORTFOLIO OF HONGSHENG GENG P O RT F O L I O O F H O N G S H E N G G E N G
Nor tNorth h Caroli na St ate U ni ver si t y/ / // CoCollege l l ege of gn Carolina State University of Desi Design M aster of Landsc ape A rc hi tec t ure/ / 201 8
Master of Landscape Architecture // 2018
HONGSHENG(NEO) GE NG
E DUCAT I O N
SASLA
North Carolina State Univ ersity | C ollege of Design Master of Landscape Architecture | GPA:3.92
D ecember 2018
Cer tificate: Public Inter est D esign
Tianjin Chenjian Univ ersity | College of Architecture B achelor of Landscape Architecture | GPA: 3.50
AWARDS
RELEVANT EXPERIENCE
SKILLS
College of A rc hit ecture Scholars hip
2012-2013 2013-2014
Outstanding Teacher As sistant
2012-2013
Outstanding Student
2012-2013
College of A rc hitecture Scholars hip
2011- 2012
MLA Student Leader
Spr ing 2017- Fall 2018
Teacher Assistant July 2017
•
D esign Foundations Camp | Nor th Carolina State University
•
Landscape Architecture Intro Studio | Tianjin Chenjian U niversity
A ug. 2012-Jan.2013
•
Achitectur e Intro Studio | Tianjin Chenjian University
Feb.2013-June 2013
AutoCAD, SketchUp, V-ray, Rhino, P hotoshop, Illustrator, Indes ign, ArcGIS, ArcGIS Collector, Sketching, Physical Modeling, Community Engagement .
LANGUAGE
June 2015
E nglis h Mandarin
CONTENT
ADD R ES S
1510 F ayett ev ill e St ree t,
•
Raleig h , NC , 2760 3
Western Boulevard Pedestrian Bridge A c a d m i c W o rk 2 0 1 8 N C S t a t e U n i v e rs i t y P ro f . B ry a n B e l l
P HONE
E MAI L
919-491-55 1 7
hgeng@ n c s u .ed u
•
Freedom Hill Park A c a d m i c W o rk 2 0 1 8 N C S t a t e U n i v e rs i t y P ro f . A n d re w F o x a n d Pr o f . D a vid H ill
•
Fair Bluff W aterfront A c a d m i c W o rk 2 0 1 7 N C S t a t e U n i v e rs i t y P ro f . R o b b y L a y t o n
NC S
TATE
WESTERN BOULEVARD PEDESTRIAN BRIDGE Location: Raleigh, NC Time: Fall, 2018 Studio: Public Interest Design
Governor Morehead School(GMS) is a state school for blind children in NC. It helps blind students learn basic wayfinding skills and other skills for living. However, their lives and needs are still ignored or misundstanded by public. Dorothea Dix Park is the most important city park transformed from a mental health hospital in Raleigh and one of the neighbors of GMS. Dorothea Dix Park set their goal 'A Park for Everyone, Built by Everyone' and published its first master plan in 2018. However, the GMS and other communities questioned the Landbridge design in the master plan.
ISSUE
It is hard for blind community to attend the public activities and share their voice outside because of the environmental and social barriers caused by the lack of knowledge of sighted community.
STAKEHOLDER/COMMUNITY ENGAGEMENT GOVERNOR MOREHEAD SCHOOL
• "Travel is critical so as students mature and develop. We also expand teaching and learning to the surrounding neighborhoods, the city and the region. • •
Instruction on travel on foot, by car, bus, train and by air are available in the local area of exposure and educational opportunities." "A bridge design can help blind people access to Dorothea Dix Park easily." "More infrasturctures which serve the blind community can encourage blind students to stay at Raleigh after their graduation."
CITY OF RALEIGH • •
"The Western Blvd will have more and more traffic." "The Dorothea Dix Park needs more entrances to connect outside."
COMMUNITY MEMBERS(DOROTHEA DIX PARK COMMUNITY MEETING) • •
"People like the bridge idea. Some people think they should have more than one." "People concern about the cost of Landbridge and what they can do on it." LANDBRIDGE(MASTER PLAN)
SITE ANALYSIS
PUL PAR LEN K WEST
GOV MOR ERNO SCH EHEAD R OOL
ERN B
LVD
WE
STE
RN
BLV
DOR DIX OTHEA PAR K
CEN PRIS TRAL ON
D
WEST
ERN
BLVD
NC S
DEMOCRATIC GATHERING SPACE
TATE
In order to break the restrictive cycle of blind community and provide spaces which not only are equally accessible and comfortable, but also can support, strengthen and interact the communities, I introduce the Democratic Gathering Space theory from Mickey Fearn into my design.
SCH COM OOL MUN ITY
MICKEY FEARN •
• • • • • •
Democratic space are not just places that are available and accessible to all for self-directed recreation experiences but places that literally draw residents to them because the space is healthy, safe, relevant and inclusive and has the potential to affect us individually and collectively in a positive manner. It provides spaces and designing and conducting programs and services that break the restrictive cycles of racism and poverty and eliminate the reductionism that severely limits, career, recreation and culture interest. It provides spaces where residents can find and be comforted by their commonalities and be enriched by their
difference.
It provides spaces and activities in which residents learn about each other and learn to care for each other. Provide experiences that results in residents experiencing cultural and demographic diversity as assets full of possibilities for personal and community enrichment and growth. It addresses all residents’ universal needs for beauty and connecting to nature. Dorothea Dix Park is the place in Raleigh where creativity and innovation lives. The creative space--The community thinking and innovation space. It’s the place we can go and know that it will feed our imaginations and creative spirit. (From Mickey Fearn, 'Democratic Gathering Space', 2018)
PULLEN PARK
GOALS
Create an accessible and sustainable connection between communities with Democratic Gathering Space theory and spacial designs in order to help the blind community and other minor communitiies access to democratic space and activities.
GOVERNOR MOREHEAD
DOROTHEA DIX PARK
Gather with abilities, return with needs.
CITY
SOCIAL ASSETS ANALYSIS
PUL
LEN
CHI PARK COM LDRE MUN N ITY WEST
GOV
ERN OR M WAK ORE E HEA LEA Y D SC + DER OUNG HOO SHIP WOM L EN'S ACA DEM Y
BLIN
DC OMM SCH UNI OOL + TY COM MUN ITY
ERN B
LVD
CITY
S -HO TAKE LDE RS
WE
STE
DOR
OTH
GEN
RN
BLV
D
EA D
IX P ARK
ERA
L PU
BLIC
CEN
TRA
PRIS L PRISON COM O MUN N IITY
WEST
ERN
BLVD
NC S
GATHERING SPACE AND SEPARATE SPACE
TATE
Why do we need to engage with other communities? Because physical and mental health are not the only things we desire, we also need ‘mastery, connection, independence, respect and creativity'(Mickey Fearn, 2018) to support us to be happy and successful. These needs can be achieved by engaging with others and involving more diverse communities into ours. With the theory of Democratic Gathering Space and talking with Mickey, I decide to use two kinds of designs: Gathering Space and Separate Space for meeting different needs of people. People need to interact with others when they have energy or feel lonly. But when they are tired from interacting and need privacy, they want to be alone or stay with people or things they loved. Gathering Space and Separate Space can support these needs or behaviors dynamically.
Gathering Space can provide space for different communities meeting each other, sharing their abilities and culture. BENEFITS
1. GATHERING SPACE MASTERY
KINSHIP AND CONNECTION
INDEPENDENCE
RESPECT
CREATIVITY
(These benefits are from Mickey Fearn, 'Democratic Gathering Space', 2018)
Separate Space can provide space for people who want privacy. People can find calm and relaxation in it before or after democratic activities. BENEFITS
2. SEPARATE SPACE PHYSICAL, MENTAL AND SPIRITUAL HEALTH
PRIVACY
INDEPENDENCE
GRIEF
CREATIVITY
H EDU IGHER CAT ION
ABILITY ANALYSIS
PUL
LEN
REC
PAR K
REA TION + CRE ATIV ITY
WEST
GOV
ERN OR M WAK ORE HEA LEA E YOU D SC DER NG W + HOO SHIP O M L E ACA DEM N'S Y
EDU
CAT ION INDE + PEN DEN CE CRE + ATIV ITY
ERN B
LVD
CITY
EDU
CAT ION + JOB
WE
STE
DOR
OTH
CON
EA D
IX PA
RN
NEC TION + REC REA TION RK
BLV
D
CEN
TR
HEA AL PRISON LING JUS + TICE WEST
ERN
BLVD
ASSETS AND HUMAN BEHAVIORS By connecting the existing assets which have similar function around the bridge, this design can have a strong connection with the existing communities and provide more benefits to them. These assets also can help us understand the existing behaviors and expect the potential behaviors in the site. The existing behaviors are playing in playground and pond, walking. biking, running on green way and training.
POND WALKING RESTING PLAYING PLAYING
RESTING
WALKING
RUNNING
TRAINING
BIKING
STORMWATER The existing creek is a very important natural asset which connects the stormwater in this region. In Dorothea Dix Park master plan, 'Creek' is one of the most successful design. It proposes many exsiting design for people engaging with water. However, the water quality of creek is not good enough for people accessing and playing now. The stormwater will also make this situation worse especially this region is becoming denser and denser.
CREEK
GMS STORMWATER
DOROTHEA DIX PARK
ENVIRONMENTAL ASSET ANALYSIS AND BEHAVIOR MAP PLAY FIELD PLAYING
D
GREEN HOUSES GARDENING LEARNING
WEST
MEADOW BARELY + USED TRACK
ERN B
LVD
CREEK WE
STE
RESTING PLAYING
MEADOW + PLAY FIELD
(IN MASTER PLAN)
RN
BLV
D
SPORT FIELD PLAYING
WEST
ERN
BLVD
e Ave
SITE CONDITION
Ashe Ave
PULLEN PARK
Parking
GOVERNOR MOREHEAD SCHOOL
Gas Station
Big Field+Track The Big Field is the property of school and surrounded by fence. It has a beautiful and big meadow with splendid view of pine trees. However, it is barely used because it is not well maintained.
The Gas Station is low maintenance. One of two gas pumps here is broken. Some members from neighborhood said people are considering to close it soon.
Image capture: Jul 2018
People run on the Green Way every morning and evening. Students of NC State use Green Way to bike to school or back home. It is hard to use Green Way at night because it doesn't have light.
Š 2018 Google
Western Blvd The Creek is inaccessable now. Becasue of the maintenance and past Harricane, it is full of fallen trees, brick, and wilde grass.
Green Way Creek
DOROTHEA DIX PARK
MASTER PLAN Children Center
PULLEN PARK
Main Campus of GMS
Hallway
GOVERNOR MOREHEAD SCHOOL Creek + Stormwater Pond Big Field
Children Gymnasium
Braille Garden Community Garden
NC State
Bridge Pedestrian Path Multi-Use Path
Green Way Visitor Center
N
(DOROTHEA DIX PARK MASTER PLAN)
DOROTHEA DIX PARK
Downtown Raleigh 0
50
100
200 FT
GATHERING SPACE Hallway Children Center
Children Gymnasium
Big Field
Community Garden
Visitor Center
Gathering Space can provide space for different communities meeting each other, sharing their abilities and culture.
(DOROTHEA DIX PARK MASTER PLAN)
HALLWAY + CHILDREN CENTER FLOOR PLAN 2ND FLOOR
5
6
4
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
3
1
Children Center Rooftop Deck Music Hall Hallway Bridge Restroom Track
2
0
1ST FLOOR
E E AV
ASH W
ES
N
7
25 50
GAME ROOM
CHILDREN ENGAGEMENT
STUDENT MARKET
STUDENT CONCERT
GUIDE DOG TRAINING
CHILDREN GYMNASIUM
100FT
TE
RN
BL VD
1 Children Gymnasium 2 Activity Lawn 3 Stormwater Pond
1
2
3
Images from Google Images
SECTIONS Big Field
Ashe Ave
A B’
Pullen Park
A —— A’(BEFORE)
A’ B
Children Center
Hallway
Gymnasium Bridge
Pullen Park
A —— A’(AFTER) Track Western Blvd
Dorothea Dix Park
GMS
B —— B’(BEFORE) Creek Hallway
Bridge Stormwater Pond
Dorothea Dix Park
B —— B’(AFTER)
GMS 0
10
50
100FT
PERSPECTIVE>>STREET VIEW Dorothea Dix Park Children Center
Children Gymnasium
Bridge
Activity Lawn Western Blvd
Ashe Ave
The indoor spaces not only connect people but also connect the bridge with landscape. They also provide spaces for more community activities, community events, and publicity. Providing light on the green way is very important for the users on greenway at night. The light and structure will draw the attention of driver and visitors.
PROGRAM
I will take an example to explain how does the Gathering Space work here. The students of Governor Morehead School(GMS) plant vegetable in their greenhouse and sell them to the community. It is one of the most successful program in GMS and receives good feedback from community member. A COMMUNITY MEMBER
DURING THE EVENT
CHILDREN
STUDENTS
attend
To GMS: I am writing to thank you for your fine produce and excellent customer service. I was impressed by the speedy delivery of the collard greens I ordered yesterday. The greens were freshy picked and delivered with smiles! I am delighted to know that the greens are organic! I wish you continued success as you help provide healthy food options to our GMS community.
GMS
PULLEN PARK
gardening
MARKET
professional support
purchase COMMUNITY
ORGANIZATION CITY
DOROTHEA DIX PARK
With this information, we can use the Gathering Space to host a student market event. In this event, the students from GMS are the host and provide healthy food. Because it is on the bridge, the community members from Pullen Park and Dorothea Dix Park can easily attend this event. The relevant organization from city can also join it and provide professional help. After the event, the student can earn money from their customers for their following activities. They also can receive knowledge and job opportunities from professional help. The community member can have health food and the knowledge about blind community. Organization can have a good opportunity for publicity. Every community can come here and share their abilities. In return, they will receive the things they want and know better about each other.
AFTER THE EVENT
PULLEN PARK
GMS
CHILDREN
STUDENTS
knowledge
knowledge money job opportunities MARKET
knowledge food product COMMUNITY DOROTHEA DIX PARK
publicity ORGANIZATION CITY
PERSPECTIVE>>HALLWAY Children Center Dorothea Dix Park Hallway
Poster Wall
Pedestrian Path Multi-Use Path
The Hallway is the main space for community activities, events and festivals such as student market, student concert(Blind students are very talented in music and instrument), free speech, Halloween party, and other publicity. It also connects the multi-use path where people can run and bike. In order to provide a safe space for all communities, it is important to separate walkers especially blind people with runners and bikers. By using different texture and color pavings, the blind people can know that they are in their way. The entrance of Hallway also needs signs to tell bikers and runners that they need to slow down and pay attention on other users.
FEEDBACK COLLECTION I presented the concept of Gathering Space and some early designs to the GMS community in their Open House event and received many good feedback. Most people agreed the inside spaces do can help communities interact each other. Laura H. Wooten (Student Life Director) I really like this idea. I totally can see that we use this space for our events.
Andrea Martinez (Disability Rights) I cannot move my eyes from the inside space! PRESENTATION TABLE
BEHAVIOR OBSERVATION
STUDENT BAND
CAREER AND TECHNICAL EDUCATION TABLE
Nikki M. Bare and Monte Cohen (Raleigh Lions Clinic for the Blind) This is exciting! I hope you can send us this materials.
I also talked with Bernard who is the faculty working in the green house in GMS. He was also excited about this design and shared some his thoughts with me when I asked him what else we can do for his program. Bernard Manseka (Career and Technical Education) We need more land for growing seeds and more green houses for producing more kinds of vegetable. Now we have six students from GMS every year. If we have more and better spaces for this program, we can hire more students from school so they don’t need to go to somewhere else.
PERSPECTIVE>>COMMUNITY GARDEN Hallway Children Center Bridge
Green House
Creek Green Way
Wetland Plants Edible Plants Planting Beds
In order to response the feedback from communities and provide a better design for them, I propose this community garden in design. The students can have more education and job opportunities by providing new greenhouses and planting beds to them. They also can have more spaces for more types of plants and small animals. By mixing the landscape plants and edible plants, the diversity can help with food production. The people on the green way not only can enjoy this unique landscape but also learn better about blind community.
DESIGN FOR THE BLIND
DESIGN
Because blind community is my key stakeholders, the Gathering Space Design should provide safe and comfortable spaces, rich experience and social opportunities to the blind. This design also should provide equal opportunities for blind people and sighted people exhibiting their culture and learning from each other. It also should be attractive to all groups of people.
DESIGN
BLIND PEOPLE
SIGHTED PEOPLE
DESIGN
BLIND PEOPLE
DESIGN
SIGHTED PEOPLE
Although blind people don't have sight, they are more sensitive in other senses such as hearing, touching, smelling and light. Blind people use the sounds to understand space and know what are surrounding them. It is important to define what are good sounds and what are bad sounds. Touching can help them know the details of certain object such shape, texture, and temperature. Smelling also can become a good resources for creating good experience. Other objects which can excite blind people's sense are light and temperature.
HEARING
TOUCHING
SMELLING
LIGHT
TEMPERATURE
Image from Google Images
HALLWAY
In Hallway, different texture pavings with sign design can help blind people find their way and know they are at safe space. Sounds are important elements for creating 'space'. By defining what are 'good sounds' and what are 'bad sounds ', we can propose more 'good sounds' such as music from student concert, sounds from market close to the space where they use. The roof with different size colorful glasses can create light experience.
Music
Sounds of Marketing
Light + Color Sounds of Video
Sounds of Bikers/Runners HEARING
TOUCHING
LIGHT
TEMPERATURE
Texture
Texture
COMMUNITY GARDEN
In community garden, plants can provide food and rich texture. Trees can provide shade and sound. If we plant them in places where blind people should pay attention such as stairs, intersection, and entrance, they can become 'Landmark' for blind people. In creek, water is the main element which can provide good sounds and unique texture. It also can help create better micro-climate. However, water landscape could be dangerous if there is no wayfinding design and safety design around it.
HEARING
TOUCHING
SMELLING
TEMPERATURE
Sounds of Water
Sounds of Working
Fragrance Shade Sounds of Animal
Texture
SEPARATE SPACES
Creek + Stormwater Pond
Braille Garden
Green Way
Separate Space can provide space for people who wants privacy. People can find calm and relaxation in it.
(DOROTHEA DIX PARK MASTER PLAN)
BEFORE
STORMWATER MANAGEMENT Water is a really important element here which can provide lots of opportunities for social activities. Enlarging the creek can collect and clean the stormwater and rooftop water. Introducing water into site can irrigate plants and increase ecological quality by providing habitats to insects and small animals . In return, high ecological quality can improve the landscape performance, water quality, and food produce.
RUN-OFF WATER
Providing clean water to Dorothea Dix Park can help it propose more spaces for people to play with water in their 'Creek' part.
STORM WATER Stormwater management will provide space to people for their resting, healing and enjoying water and plants.
CREEK WATER AFTER
OP OFT
RO
Image from Google Images
ER WAT RUN-OFF WATER
This design also lets sighted people enjoy the beauty of nature and structure and gives blind people safe spaces and diverse experiences.
Image from Google Images
STORM WATER CREEK WATER
BRAILLE GARDEN Braille Garden is a garden design inspired by a graphic design which combines braille with alphabet. It connects blind culture with the sighted and provides a tool which all people can understand and use. This design can create a unique and exciting graphic landscape by using colorful path and round resting space. People can see the words from bridge. It is a good place for taking photos and publicity. Besides the Braille Garden, this design also can be used in the signs or other educational designs in Gather Space and bridge. Sighted people can experience and understand braille by using these designs.
Image from Google Images
BRAILLE + ALPHABET
GRAPHIC WORDS
In order to provide more educational opportunities to blind people and let them know more about these plants instead of just smell and touch them. We need to propose the sign design close plants. Some of them can be on top of the bench which can educate the plants behind it. Some of them can be on the handrail.
Image from Google Images
ROUND REST SPACE
Image from Google Images
COLORFUL PATH
PLANTING DESIGN
NAME Devilwood
(Osmanthus americanus)
The garden provides good opportunity for planting fragrance plants here. These fragrance plants are valuable sense elements for the blind people. They can be 'Landmark' for them to find their way by their fragrance and texture. For sighted people, these plants can produce flower in different seasons.
Sweet Osmanthus (Osmanthus fragrans)
Butterfly Bush (Buddleia davidii)
Winter Honeysuckle (Lonicera fragrantissima)
Sweet Shrub
(Calycanthus floridus)
Gardenia
(Gardenia jasminoides)
Small Anise-tree (Illicium parviflorum)
Confederate Jasmine
(Trachelospermum jasminoides)
Winter Daphne (Daphne odora)
Rosemary
(Rosmarinus officinalis)
FLOWER
TEXTURE
SPRING
SUMMER
FALL
WINTER
Medium Medium Coarse Medium to coarse Medium Medium Medium to coarse Medium Medium Medium to fine Images from Google Images
FOUNDATIONS Here are the foundations can provide help to designers and communities achieving their designs and needs of building a healthy democracy. One of them, W.K. Kellogg Foundation, focuses on supporting children and their family.
Images from Google Images
OUTCOMES
By connecting the Gathering Spaces with Pullen Park and Adventure Play Area(In master plan), we will have a connection for children and family. This connection can provide a unique energy like creativity, education, and game to Dorothea Dix Park.
• Provides connection between communities with the biggest city park. • Improves the social equality by providing accessible spaces to all communities specially blind community. • Helps to accommodate over the festivals, competitions, and other events from communities and encourages social interactions. • Improves physical health and diversifies opportunities for recreational activities. • Enriches a diverse educational platform. • Remains an attraction for visitors to the Dorothea Dix Park.
SOCIAL BENEFITS
The Stormwater Ponds and Braille Garden can make this design part of the Dorothea Dix Park and help it provide more opportunities for people engaging with water and nature.
(DOROTHEA DIX PARK MASTER PLAN) Image from Dorothea Dix Master Plan, City of Raleigh
• • • • •
Reduces annual runoff and stormwater pollutant. Provides habitat for wild species. Increases ecological quality. Eliminates the use of potable water in reflecting pools using harvested roof rainwater runoff. Absorbs CO2 emissions and avoids regular mowing.
ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS
• Provides job opportunities to community especially blind community. • Provides spaces for community market. • Provides spaces and activities for economic publicity ECONOMIC BENEFITS
Freedom Hill Park Location: Princeville, NC Time: Spring, 2018 Studio: Coastal Dynamic Support Course: Landscape Performance and Metrics
Freedom Hill is an open ground with a wetland which is located in the north of Princeville, NC. It is an important intersection in this region which connects Princeville with Tarboro and Tar River. It is also an important intersection in the history of Princeville. After the Union Army made the slaves free at Freedom Hill, Turner Prince who was a former slave purchased this land for other free slaves and built Princeville which is the one of the first African American town in US. The floods from Hurricane Matthew broke the levee and water pored into the town Princeville. It caused serve damage to most of the houses and all the facilities including the museum, church, fire station and townhouse. By communication with the members from community, They all expressed their worry about the history inheritance of Princeville because almost all the spaces for historical education are buildings which were badly damaged. Some community members shared us their play memories from their childhood when they talked about the Freedom Hill and the spaces around it. How to create a landscape not only can protect the town from the floods, but also be able to connect the history of Princeville with its present and future? Children, they are the future of the community. By creating a landscape for children where they can easily access the history and memories of Princeville, A connection between history, presence, and future will be built. Children also can build a close relationship with land and water here by learning the knowledge about the ecology of river, wetland and flood here.
GOALS
HISTORY
PRESENCE
TOWN CULTURAL RESILIENCE FUTURE EARTH
PHYSICAL RESILIENCE
WATER
Imagines from Google Imagine
REGIONAL ANALYSIS Tarboro Site Princeville Imagine from Google Earth
CONNECTION
FLOODPLAIN
WETLAND
Tarboro
river
Princeville
road railway levee
buildings floodway 100year -floodplain 500year -floodplain
EDUCATION
wetland
RECREATION
Freedom Hill is a water front space in the north of the Princeville. It is an ‘intersection’ which connects Princeville with Tar River, wetland, Tarboro and outside. Whole Freedom Hill is in the 100year floodplain. There are eight schools in this region. However, only one outside recreation fields exist in the Tarboro. A new play field which should be proposed in the Princeville side.
schools
recreation field
HISTORICAL ANALYSIS
A billboard Art in Princeville. Imagine from the website of town Princeville Turner Prince used the skills that he had acquired as a slave in carpentry to build a free community for him, his family, and other freed slaves. During 1873, he purchased a half-acre lot and built a house for his wife, Sarah and their 3 children. Prince worked hard to move beyond the struggle of slavery, and help others become self-sufficient with a freed-slave community.
trade
storage
river bank
water transportation
The movement began under the energy and direction of F. L. Bond, a prominent merchant at Tarboro. In 1853 he erected the first and only furniture factory in Edgecombe. His business was a pronounced success, and he was jocularly known as the “Furniture Champion.”
Tarboro
slave
In the later of 19th, the boom time of Tarboro, the public building projects were available in Princeville. The talents of these artisans also found an outlet in the building of the luxurious residences constructed by Tarboro’s wealthy, ‘New South’ industrial leaders. One such mansion was John F. Shackleford’s Second Empire house on the Main Street in Tarboro.
tobacco flat boats
cotton
1730 The first record about the slavery trade in this region.
In 1885, the General Assembly of North Carolina incorporated the town: That the corporate limits of said town shall be as follows: Beginning at the upper side of the Albemarle and Raleigh Railroad bridge on the bank of Tar river, opposite Tarboro; thence running a straight line to Battle Bryan’s lower spring; thence west two hundred and fifty yards; thence south-east a line parallel to the Albemarle and Raleigh Railroad, seven hundred and fifty yards; thence east six hundred yards to a stake in H.H. Shaw’s field; thence north to Tar river bank; thence down said river bank to the beginning.
magazine
Railroad
Free Slaves hill or knoll
Union troops
law
protection
swamps marshes
In 1764 the production had increased to such an extent that it became necessary to provide some means of storage until the English ships could come up Tar River from Bath.
water
agricultural
1760 The town of Tarboro was laid out.
Princeville has a very unique and heavy history. It witnesses the history of African American from the slavery time to present. Tar River played a important role in history of Princeville. The residents believe most of slaves here were from Tar River. However, the river front provided a safe space for escaped slaves. After Civil War, the free slaves purchased the riverfront where no planter wanted at that time with cheap price and built their first settlement on Freedom Hill.
There were also in 1810, 159 distilleries, making 39,000 gallons of peach and apple brandy each year; 439 tanneries, using 1,964 hides annually; 31 blacksmith shops; 4 hatters’ shops; 3 carriage shops, and 29 cotton machines. The county was covered almost with saw machines, some run by horses, hand, and water. Several corn-shelling machines were operated successfully and profitably in the county as early as 1800. Wheat fans were not infrequent, and were operated at a rental cost of $1.00 per day.
Turner Prince
Freedom Hill
English traders came up Tar River to trade with the slaves and decoyed hidden negroes away. A law was passed by the legislature preventing the Englishmen from trading them or carrying them. In 1791 a law was passed to prevent the merchant or trader to harbor or trade with any slave under any pretense.
slave
Although the black settlers did not hold legal title to the Freedom Hill camp during the initial days of Reconstruction, the white landowners evidenty made no effort to evict them form the land...the land was of such poor quality and so susceptible to flooding that it held little value or interest for the white planters.
purchased
a half-acre
Water transportation has for many years been of great importance to the county and its industries. In the colonial period English vessels came up the Tar River to trade with the early settlers, took their tobacco and naval stores, and brought them the necessaries of life. The Colonial Legislature appropriated various sums of money to keep the channels open for safe navigation. Almost every other year the river was cleared from falling trees and other obstructions. In 1796 an act was passed to clean and improve the river from Tarboro to the mouth of Fishing Creek for better navigation. In the course of four years Fishing Creek was opened by act of law, and this tributary of the Tar offered, to some extent, advantages for transportation.
a free-slave community
Tar River town
The result of this invention was the erection of machines at Tarboro and other localities in the county. A great revival occurred in the production of cotton and cotton manufacture.
After the sale delivery was made at Washington, the tobacco being sent down Tar River in flat boats, where it was placed in coastwise and foreign ships for transportation.
industry
black settlers
white landowners
land
flooding
poor quality
yard
Tobacco culture was again revived about 1890, when cotton declined in price, and Tarboro soon possessed one of the best tobacco markets in Eastern North Carolina.
It is a singular fact that Tarboro was the farthest interior point of usual navigation in North Carolina. Various boats, from flat boats to large steamers, have operated on Tar River and Fishing Creek.
vegetation gardens laborers beauty flowers
artisans
Out of population of 552 in 1900, for example, only 21 residents were employed as farm laborers -- compared to 43 agricultural workers out of population of 379 in 1880. The number of the laundresses, on the other hand, had increased from 25 in 1880 to 74 in 1990. The ranks of day laborers had grown from 30 to 58 in the same period, and there was a corresponding increase in the number of servants, laborers, waiters, etc.
The purpose of the magazine was to discuss matters pertaining to farming and farm life. Among some of the subjects presented to the people were ditching and manuring, growing hogs, how to destroy the tobacco fly, tobacco culture, cultivation of cotton, and strawberry culture.
rose
honeysuckle
made them free. The knoll where the soldiers made their speeches was on the west side of Old Sparta Road near what is now the intersection of U.S. 64 and U.S.
town
architecture In 1847 Tarboro had a considerable boom from the turpentine industry. Four years prior to this time not more than 1,000 barrels annually were produced in Edgecombe.
workers
The residents highlights their yard with flowers and simple landscaping as well as small vegetation gardens, the new houses added a modest beauty to Princeville. In fact, at the turn of the century the black village had a certain charm especially in the spring. ‘Princeville is a town of flowers’, declared the Southerner in June 1901. ‘There is scarcely a dwelling in the place without them. The honeysuckle seems to be the most popular, though there are not a few roses. At this time of the year the air is laden with perfume.’
The early colonial records tell us how the Indians were carried up Tar River and worked as captives in the turpentine industry.
Tarboro
Elementary School
channels
river
Education
Occasionally, through the graciousness of the master, a slave was freed irrespective of the law, and the negro took chances for his freedom by hiding in the swamps and numerous reed marshes in the county. This gave the slave dealers opportunities to recapture negroes and sell them again, when the poor slave was so unfortunate as not to find one to plead his case. Various boats made frequent trips up the Pamlico and Tar rivers, bringing various commodities of interest to the negroes and finally enticing them away from their hiding places under profession of friendship.
Hurricane
The growth of Tarboro industry was enhanced by the arrival of three railroads which traversed Princeville’s borders.
Family Resource Center As early as 1787 a snuff factory was erect-
ed in Tarboro. The factory must have been a small enterprise, and all the work was done by hand and in a slow manner.
There is only one solution for this great rise—cotton, which was the largest crop of the eastern counties, had a sudden boom when the new invention of the cotton gin came to be used. It is nothing but right to say that in the early days of the county the most earnest men looked upon slavery as
Reopen
playing fields
‘They(Free Slaves) congregated around the Union troops who bivouacked on the south side of the Tar River and provideed the freedmen with rations and protection.
1865 1865 The northern soldiers told slaves that the Union victory in the war had made them free on Freedom Hill.
Turner Prince begun purchased land and build a new town on Freedom Hill.
1940 The Princeville Elementary School was built.
1885 Town Freedom Hill incorporated.
2016 1999
Hurricane Matthew
Hurricane Floyd
18xx
2018
School board votes to rebuild.
The name was changed to Princeville in honor of Turner Prince.
1857
1940
Present
Future
The first colonialist and slave came from Tar River. The slaves were dispersed over the region with plantation owners.
After the Civil War, the free slaves settled at the high ground along the south of river which is known as Freedom Hill.
The floods in history made people move out of the Freedom Hill. People started to move to Tarboro. The elementary school also moved to Tarboro.
The Freedom Hill Park can unite the people along the river again.
PROGRAMING
MODELING exhibit
TURNER PRINCE MEMORIAL
memorial
education
events
PLAY FIELD
play
protect
stormwater
environment
WAVE FIELD comfort
environment
stormwater
adventure
il Ra y Wa
MASTER PLAN
Tar River Levee
Central Wetland Wave Field
Central Meadow
in St
S Ma Play Field Visitor Center School Bus Parking Public Parking
S Ma
Princeville Museum Welcome Center St Luke Church
in St
d
d
Mutual Blv
Turner Prince Memorial
0 h St
Churc
Princeville Town Hall Town Princeville
Mutual Blv
50
N 100
200 ft
TURNER PRINCE MEMORIAL ‘Turner Prince used the skills that he had acquired as a slave in carpentry to build a free community for him, his family, and other freed slaves.’ --------------- Princeville, a black town in North Carolina, 1865-1881 PLAN DESIGN Existing values of Freedom Hill will be preserved in the design. People can see details of the environment which they are familiar with. By engaging more connections with town Princeville, the memorial is an accessable entrance of whole Freedom Park.
Turner Prince Memorial has a series of memorial designs which are aimed to preserve and connect the people with history. The landforms design with wall sculptures not only can exhibit the important history such as slavery trade and Turner Prince, but also the informations about the local ecosystem and communities’ memories.
existing conditions
preservation
acess to park
designs with topo
outcome
SCULPTURE DESIGN The vertical design of Turner Prince Memorial Plaza shows the historical event that Turner Prince built the first black town on Freedom Hill. water
cut
rise
adjust
involve
endure
CONTENT The sculptural wall can show the history, culture, and memories of Princeville and the region to children from both Princeville and Tarboro and tourists from outside of Princeville.
Sculptural Wall
Event Meadow
With a unique and important history, the residents of Princeville can celebrate themselves here with all kinds of cultural events such as African American movie night, African American culture festival and music festival.
memorial
education
events
PLAY FIELD ‘When we were kids, we played under these floor joists!’ (The Princeville Museum) --------------- A Resident of Princeville
Tar River
Play Filed Swamp
Meander Scar
Point bar
Cut bank In the history, the swamp along the Tar River provides safe spaces for slaves. Now, the Play Field will provide a exciting and safe spaces for the future of community: children.
Bank swamp
It reminisces the childhood memories of community members and preserves these unique them as cultural values. The Play Field also provides a space showing the context of the local ecosystem in order to educate children and adults where are they living, what is floodplain, and how to live with it. With these knowledges, the community member can build a healthy and strong connection with their land and have more confidence about a better future of community.
Imagines from Google Earth
DESIGN CONCEPT
existing topo
cut & fill
preservation & reuse
outcome
PLAY FIELD >> PLAY STRUCTURES By talked with the communities member, I knew most of them have many memories about playing in the Freedom Hill when they were kids. For example, one lady said that they played under the wooden joints of the Princeville Museum which is very close to the Freedom Hill. The play structures can give children opportunities to play with these ‘memories’.
WOODEN JOISTS
In order to educate children here is floodplain and play with it, some play structures are inspired by the different species in wetland such as fishes and insects.
dry season
wet season
dry season
wet season
DRAGONFLY
FISHES
dry season
wet season
PLAY FIELD >> COLOR The colors used in the play field should show the characters of the African American community, local history, local culture, or local ecology system. The fish sculptures can promote the feeling of playing in wetland. WETLAND
CLOTHING OF AFRICAN CULTURE
WATER
HISTORY
Imagines from Google Imagine
Fish Sculpture Wave Field Sandy Bay
Stormwater Wetland
The Play Field is the main space for children to experience the ‘Play Memory‘ of Princeville. The Sandy Bay is an open space in the center where children can play water with their friends and parents. The landform and Fish Sculpture provide climbing space and structures.
play
stormwater
environment
WAVE FIELD 'Princeville is a town of flowers', declared the Southerner in June 1901. 'There is scarcely a dwelling in the place without them. The honeysuckle seems to be the most popular, though there are not a few roses. At this time of the year the air is laden with perfume.' --------------- Princeville, a black town in North Carolina, 1865-1881
SHOWING AND ENGAGING
HEALING AND GROWING
The Wave Field will provide the natural, private and adventurous spaces for community members and tourists. River and floods brings nutrition and fresh soil to wetland. They also brought blossom and perfume here in the history.
dry season
wet season
By working with nature, the Wave Field will have good environmental performance and less maintenance needs. However, the performance of this design strategy was a big question mark to me. Who will be the main users here? Dose children like Wave Field? What are the important designs which we should have here? Is the Wave Field a good storm water management? The human behavior is deeply influenced by the microclimate, materials, time, and location of the site. Less investigation has been involved in this design strategy which leads to the social performance of the it may not as same as the designer's imagine.
THE REGENSTEIN LEARNING CAMPUS
THE STORM KING WAVEFIELD
WAVE GARDENS NCMA
Imagines from Google Imagine
WAVE FIELD >> EVIDENCE BASED DESIGN In order to predict the performance of the Wave Field. I A Investigation of The Social Performance of did a Investigation about The Social Performance a Wave Wave Gardens on NC Museum of Art Landscape Performance and Metrics | LAR 582 | Spring 2018 Gardens NC Museum of Art where they have similar Emily McCoy, PLA, ASLA, SITES AP designs. I used different metrics such as interview, thermal imager, behavior mapping, thermal comfort, and moisture meters to produce the final results about the people’s impression and behavior here, micro-climate, and water draining performance.
INTERVIEW
The interviews showed that Wave Gardens is popular among the children and plants are the main positive elements which attract people during they use this space.
+
THERMAL IMAGER materials
Select method:
ASHRAE-55
°C
29
PMV with elevated air speed PPD with elevated air speed
No local air speed control
%
Relative humidity
9% 29.0°C
Drybulb temperature at still air
17.1°C
Cooling effect
11.9°C
Humidity
50
Psychrometric chart (air temperature)
Metabolic rate
met
1
Typing: 1.1
Clothing level
clo
0.36
Walking shorts, shortl h Create custom ensemble
Dynamic predictive clothing LEED documentation Local discomfort
SolarCal
Specify pressure
Globe temp
SI IP
Upload
0.42
Neutral
SET
m/s
Ranges
↳ Maximum air speed has been limited due to no occupant control
Sensation
°C
Air speed
2.24
Compare
✘ Does not comply with ASHRAE Standard 55-2017
Use operative temperature
Mean radiant temperature
53
EN-15251
PMV method
Air temperature
80°F 90°F
90°F 100°F 100°F 110°F >110°F
? Help
concrete
3
Dry
3
Moist
April 26th, 2018 Weather: Cloudy Day Temperature: 70°F
3.5
Dry
The soil moisture can tell us the humidity of micro-climate. Although there was precipitation two days before this investigation, the whole site Figure 1 drained very well and was close to dry level. Another fact should be noSoil Moisture ticed is because of the landforms, the bottom of lawn was more moisture April 26th, 2018 than top of it. It is one of the reason that all users preferred to Weather: use theCloudy Day drier part of lawn. Temperature: 70°F
April 26th, 2018 3:40 - 4:20 PM temperature: 70°F It was aFigure rainny1day on April 24th Soil Moisture
Moist
MOISTURE METERS
shade and seats
By using the CBC Thermal Comfort Tool, we can evaluate the people feeling in certain spot. Exclude the gravel path, most materials were neutral for people. More wooden seats and shade should proposed in the Wave Field because they are the most comfortable spaces for people.
2 3
3.5 2
N
THERMAL COMFORT CBE Thermal Comfort Tool
<80°F
The Thermal Imager shows that how do materials influence the surface temperature. More natural materials and shade should be used in the Wave Field in order to create more comfortable micro-climate for users in Summer and Winter.
plants gravel chair shade lawn
N
+
May 1st, 2018 3:50 - 4:20 PM temperature: 84°F
3
5
5
WAVE FIELD >> EVIDENCE BASED DESIGN The behavior mapping showed me that one of the main users of the Wave Gardens is children. They are curious about the land form and plants. They walked, ran, climbed, played, watched, and touched plants here. children
BEHAVIOR MAPPING
bike
walk
observe
run
photograph
dog walk
Because children is the main users. The signs for introducing plants should has more diagrams and informations which can be easily understood by children. Imagines from Google Imagine
caution sign
The sight of bikers and runners are easily been blocked by mounts. It can cause the safety issue when bikers and runners cannot see a children in mounds running toward them.
Drinking fountain for users specially runners and bikers
Separate paths between bike way and walk way in order to improve the safety. bike way
drinking fountain Dog waste station for users with dog. dog waste station
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63
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74F 10:50 - 11:20 pm April 15th, 2017 Sunday Sunny Day 13 mph
plant signs
Other behaviors in Wave Gardens are walking, observing, biking, running, photographing, and dog walking.
play
Create social media platforms such as Face book for users who want to share their photos and comments. social media
Central Wetland
Boardwalk (Natural materials provide better micro-climate.)
Plants Sign (The diagrams on it can make knowledges easily understand by children.)
Native Plants (They are attractive to people especilly children.)
Sign (It provides a safer space for children.)
Enjoy the beautiful nature provided by water and soil here! The signs about the plants and wetland can teach children and adults the knowledges about floodplain and how to live with it.
environment
stormwater
adventure
FAIR BLUFF WATERFRONT DESIGN Location: Fair Bluff, NC Time: Fall, 2017 Studio: LA Construction Document Studio Support Course: Landscape Architecture Recearch and Methods
Fair Bluff is a small rural town in Columbus County, NC. Due to the devastating effects of the Hurricane Matthew in 2016, Fair Bluff has rapidly lost its significant environmental, social, economic essence. The mold from flood damage is impacting the health of people. The flooding caused severe damage to the local economy which is already vulnerable because of the decline of the river and railway transportation and make people leaving this rural town. Hurricane Matthew exposed the weak resilience, losing identification, and declining sustainability of Fair Bluff. The Lumber River played an important role in the ecological, economic, and social activities throughout the history of waterfront in Fair Bluff, which relates to the three values of sustainable communities: environmentally sound, economically productive and socially just. Therefore, designing with flooding, promoting the riverfront social equity and connecting to communities to ‘green way’ and ‘blue way’, and providing a new economic plan for Fair Bluff are my goals.
EXISTING CONDITIONS
Community Zone Commerce Zone Goverment Zone Commercial Building
Residential Building United Methodist Church
Lumber River Information Center
Fair Bluff Baptist Church
FLOOD RESILIENT DESIGN As the floods are main reason which threatens the sustainability of Fair Bluff, the design based on the floods issues should be considered first. The flood resilience design strategies are aimed at protecting and improving the environmental condition of the as well as creating new recreation sites for community members and tourists. The living levee system which connects the high grounds to levee and wetlands can improve the self-resistance of ecosystem and provide a strong barrier.
- 60 ft 61 - 62 ft 63 - 64 ft 65 - 66 ft 67 - FLOODPLAIN 68 ft 69 - 70 ft 71 - ft
- 60 ft 61 - 62 ft 63 - 64 ft 65 - 66 ft 67 - 68 ft 69 - 70 ft 71 - ft
TOPO PLAN
60ftft --60 61 -- 62ft 61 62 ft 63 -- 64ft 63 64 ft 65 -- 66ft 65 66 ft 67 -- 68ft 67 68 ft 69 -- 70ft 69 70 ft 71ft- - ft 71
site
DESIGN STRATEGY - 60 ft 61 - 62 ft 63 - 64 ft 65 - 66 ft 67 - 68 ft 69 - 70 ft 71 - ft
- 60 ft 61 - 62 ft 63 - 64 ft 65 - 66 ft 67 - 68 ft 69 - 70 ft 71 - ft
levee + wetland
In order to prevent floods from rivers, the flood controlling design has three layers: wetland, drainage and levee. The first layer is levee which prevents the floods from river. The second layer is wetland which is higher than river. It can collect the storm-water from the street. The last layer is drainage with a door which connects wetland and river. The door can control the water level between inside and outside of levee. When river rises, the door is close by the power from the river water. The door and levee prevent floods from street. In the meantime, wetland and drainage collect the storm water from street. After river level fall back to normal, the water door will be opened by the power of water from inside and water in the wetland can be released.
rain water
WET SEASON
rain water
storm water
river water
DRY SEASON
run-off water
storm water
drain water
boardwalk
door
levee
drainage wetland
drain water
street
Lumber River State Park
MASTER PLAN
Proposal Boradwalk Levee Exsiting Boradwalk Hangout Meadow
Stormwater Wetland
Existing Parking
Proposl Ship Landing Exsiting Ship Landing
er
Outdoor Seating Event Space
Lu
mb
er
Riv
Events Plaza
Memorial Sculpture
Existing Buildings
Event Lawn
D
4
n
tow
n ow
90
M
t
tree
S ain
eet
Ma
tr in S
N South Carolina
0
50
100
200 ft
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RESEARCH The hurricane Matthew exposed the problems of Fair Bluff such as weak resilience, losing identification, and declining sustainability. The Lumber River, played an important role in the ecological, economic, and social activities throughout the history of waterfront in Fair Bluff which relates to the three values of sustainable communities: environmentally sound, economically productive and socially just.
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In order to solve these issues, this research focuses on â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;What kind of design strategies can help rebuild sustainability of the waterfront rural communities?â&#x20AC;&#x2122;. A comprehensive plan focus on improving and using existing assets and promoting the connection and cooperation with other communities, towns, cities, and open space will be benefit to their sustainability and bring them a new identification. -
Fair Bluff should explore a broader region for rebuilding the relation with the outside and attract the people here. Not only build a tourism service system for the visitors, but also promote accessibility to the communities in this region and have a comprehensive and sustainable economic plan which base on the exsiting natural and historical asserts. The waterfront design also needs to emphasis on preservation and connects people with nature. The aspects of sustainable community, such as environmental sounds, economical productivity, and socially just influences and can rely on each other especially in Fair Bluff which has a vulnerable ecosystem.
bike way
SITE
Bike and hiking trails can connects the communities with river. It also provides accessable ways to natural environment and the dwontwon of Fairbulff. 8.8 Reduce emissions and promote the use of fuel-efficient vehicles.
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Promote the walkability of street and connectivity of downtown to riverfront.
walkability
SITE
6.5 Provide for optimum site accessibility, safety, and wayfinding.
blue
The water body of Blueway should help Fair Bluff connect the town along the Lumber River. It also needs to provide good experiences of the wayrecreational activities.
SITE
6.8 Provide opportunities for outdoor activity. -
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culture
SITE
Offering the water-front space to community and local business can encourage local culture growth in it and improve the business. 6.8 Provide outdoor spaces for social interaction.
business
Protect the historic buildings by encouraging residnets to use them for tourism bussiness. Restaurants, bed, breakfast bussiness also should be encouraged in order to attract more visitors.
SITE
Protect and maintain unique cultural and historial places. -
protection
SITE
levee
The natural swamp should be protected and accessible. It can hosts the activities such as hiking, camping. researching and enducating.
1.2/3/4 Preserve floodplain functions, wetland, threatened or endangered species and habitats.
Build a living buffer between downtown and swamps by levee, greenway and wetlands. The buffer can prevents floods, collects and cleans the storm water, and provide space for recreational actvities. 3.5 Manage stormwater on site.
SITE 4.7 Use native plants.
CONSTRUCTION DOCUMENTS