Application of Designing Jakarta’s Urban Condenser Cores
High Dimensional Design Space Hossam Elbrrashi
DIA 2017/18 1st. supervisor Henriette Bier 2nd. supervisor Sina Mustafavi
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CONTENT PAGE
05
HIGH DIMENSIONAL DESIGN SPACE (HDDS)
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INTRODUCTION
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DESIGNING ARHCITECTURAL (HDDS)
43
APPLICATION, JAKARTA‘S URBAN CONDENSER CORES (FROM HDDS TO MACRO SCALE)
68
HYBRID BAMBOO REINFORCED FINITE (ROBOTIC DRIVEN REINFORCEMENT)
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MACRO SCALE / BAMBOO MESH INTEGRATION
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MESO SCALE AND PROTOTYPING
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BIBLIOGRAPHY
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HIGH DIMENSIONAL DESIGN SPACE by Hossam Elbrrashi The research explores the high dimensional design space (HDDS) as multidimensional matrices of relationships, and reflects HDDS‘s elements on the complex Architectural design space of solutions where the Architectural Design Process is an optimization process through the high dimensional design space of solutions with the aim of approaching the ultimate design solution(s). therefore, designing the architectural HDDS of solutions is designing the linear relationships (creating a set of 2d matrices) between the space paramaters and the architectural factors (functions, feelings, environmental aspects, structure, ...etc). The extracted data from the previous multidimensional matrices (Tensors) was injected in the Embedding Projector of Tensorflow Google software for machine learning, that was helpful in 3 levels: 1- Classification the data into local and global convergent clusters. 2- Optimization through the multidimensional design space approaching the ultimate solution(s). 3- Visualization of the multidimensional data in a 3d dimesnions environment using dimensionality reduction machine learning methods. Applying the process of optimization on Jakarata‘s Urban Condenser Cores as an example with adequate level of complexity. The research introduces the hyprid Bamboo Reinforced Finite as a biodegradable, reusable, sustainable construction material that provides the same load bearing as concrete, and has half of the carbon footprint of concrete. Exploring the computational and robotic process of designing and constructing an urban condenser core with the introduced material on both MACRO and MESO scales, to the robotic productable prototype fragement.
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1 INTRODUCTION To High Dimensional Design Space A high dimensional space is a tensor of multi-dimensional matrix of relationships between x number of data feature vectors and y number of dimensions (where y is more than 3 dimensions).
(1 dimensional tensor)
(2 dimensional tensor)
(3 dimensional tensor)
(vector of dimension [5])
(matrix of dimensions [5,6])
(tensor of dimensions [4,4,3])
(4 dimensional tensor)
(5 dimensional tensor)
(6 dimensional tensor)
(tensor of dimensions [4,4,3,6])
(tensor of dimensions [4,4,3,6و5])
(tensor of dimensions [4,4,3,6و5و4])
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Assume that one word is an element located in any matrix. So, a line in a dictionary can refer to a vector (word located in a row), and one page of a dictionary refers to a 2d matrix, so, a dictionary will be a 3d matrix (a set of the 2d matrices). Following the same concept, one row of a bookshelf will be a 4d matrix. and the bookshelf itself will refer to a 5d matrix, and a department will be a 6d matrix. this example can be extended by dividing the library into multiple sections (7d), then multiple floors (8d), interconnected libraries(9d) and so on... Therefore, to find the meaning of a word in a library (6d matrix), a single word can be located with defining only 6 values (one value for each dimension).
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HDDS Elements Understanding the essence of a high dimensional space requires an analysis to its components: The following schedule represents a 13 dimensions tensor of data.
Value
Feature Vector
Dimension
Tensor
Tensor is a term refers to multi-day array data, for example 1d-tensor is a vector, 2d-tensor is a matrix, 3d-tensor is cube. in consequence, 4d-tensor is a vector of cubes, 5d-tensor is a matrix of cubes and 6-d tensor is cube of cubes
High Dimensional Design Space
one or more multidimensional tensors
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OPERATIONAL PROCESSES
1- Classification: is grouping the data set into clusters of clusters of clusters, based on a
local and global classification process by approximating the convergent data in the same dimension (locally) and between the various dimensions (globally).
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Globally
Locally
Locally
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OPERATIONAL PROCESSES
2- Optimization: is narrowing down the number of solutions in order to approach the ultimate solution(s) through some steps, each of them is dimensionally optimized, and the sum of these steps‘ outputs is the optimized space of solutions. Level 1 of optimization
Level 2 of optimization
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Level 3 of optimization
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OPERATIONAL PROCESSES
3- Visualization (Dimensionality Reduction): Visualizing a high dimension space of data requires applying a dimensionality reduction technique to represent the data tensor(s) in a 2d or 3d environement without or with the minimum loss of data information.
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Principal Component Analysis (PCA) is a method of dimensionality reduction for a set of multi-dimensional data by representing the most 3 effective eigenvectors of the dimensions into a 3d graph. It does not save all the characterestics of the data set.
t-Distributed Stochastic Neighbor Embedding (t-SNE) an unsupervised machine learning tecnhique for dimensionality reduction of tensor(s) of high dimensions data. it scatters the data points randomly, then starts to move them under the forces of convergence in all dimensions in paralell, which saves the characteristics of data set.
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2 DESIGNING AN ARCHITECTURAL (HDDS) Architectural design space of solutions is a high dimensional space where.. Feature Vector = Architectural Solution (Space) - Horizontal Row Dimension = Architectural Factor (Functions, Structural, Environmental, Feelings,‌) - Vertical Column Value = The Evaluation of each solution for each factor (linear relationship) Tensor = Set of relationships between Spaces and Factors. Focus
Happiness
Work
Horizontal Circulation
Habitation
Architectural Design Process is an optimization process through the high dimensional design space with the aim of narrowing down the space of solutions to approach the ultimate solution(s)
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Designing The High Dimensional Design Space of Solutions is Designing the linear relationships between each paramater of the space and each Architectural factor as a sub-dimension (creating a set of 2d matrices).
Spaces
Dimensions
Paramater 1 Paramater 2 Paramater 3
Creating a set of relationships between the parameters and the dimensions with 5 levels of impact, positive strong, positive mild, neutral, negative mild and negative strong.
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Parametrizing the feelings is representing the qualitative relationships between each architectural paramater and each feeling as a 2d linear relationship with 5 intervals of impact based on the following matrix as a part of a previous research for Sensual Space Studio, DIA W/S 2017.
GEOMTRY CREATION (CONVEX HULL)
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Convex Hull is the smallest geometry containing a group of 2d or 3d points. A random populating of sets of 3d groups of points was done in order to use their convex hulls as infinite number of geometries that contain a spectrum of varieties, then extract these geometries‘ attributes that are used to evaluate the geometries based on the relationships between those attributes and the architectural factors (functions, feelings, ...etc) High Dimensional Design Space
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Parameters
Factors
Functions
Feelings
Happiness
Work Spaces
Focus
Vertical Circulation
Serenity
Exhibiting
Examples of the relationships‘ linear matrices:
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Structure
Environment
Distraction
Horizontal Circulation
Facilities
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Geometry Paramters
Dimension
Number of Points (Complexity)= 29
1
Relaxation Level (Complexity)=
Feelings
7.64 Smooth Level
2 Joy
(Curvature)=
Happinness Surprise
Anger
Sadness
Boredom
3 Mean Curvature (Anguarity)=
3
67.8 Height= 4.2
4
Area= 32.15 Volume= 135.03
5
Linear Relationship between every dimension and every paramater
Plan Longest Porportion= 1.8
6
7
Paramater 8
9
10
ARCHITECTURAL SPACES
The more Architectural spaces (geometries) are added to the evaluation process, the more accurate and precise the High Dimensional Design Space of solutions becomes. Feature Vector = Architectural Solution (Space) - Horizontal Row
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Focus
Serenity
Disgust
The Dimensions are all the Architectural Factors that needed to be taken into account during the optimization process (Functions, Feelings, Structrural, Environmental aspect, ...etc). - Vertical Column. The more Dimensions added, the more complex the High Dimensional Design Space becomes.
Functions Reading
Gathering Art Space Restaurant Dancing
DIMENSIONS
Structure Music
Sports
Environmental Aspects
Lecturing Meditation
The Multi-Dimensional Matrices of Relationships (High-Dimensional-Design-Space‘s Metadata)
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Recording and Normalizing the data The more data is recorded, the more accurate the high dimensional design space of solutions become. and after recording the data, then, a normalizing process is being applied that refers to remapping the generic values to a data set of values between 0.0 and 1.0 to represent the actual relationships. Normalizing the data is recommended during machine learning
TYPES OF DATA COLLECTED: 1- Tensor of data (Checklist) 2- Metadata (for Labelling and Optimization) 3- Sprite Image for visualization.
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1- Tensor of data (Checklist)
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2- Metadata (for Labelling, Coloring and Optimization) Extracting 4 labeling, coloring and optimization metadata sets, Numbering, Feelings, Functions and Attributes.
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3- Sprite Image for applying the geometries‘ images to the data
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Link for the punlished high dimensionional design space of solutions: http://projector.tensorflow.org/?config=https://gist.githubusercontent.com/HossamElbrrashi/897ad00667fa48ec7faf3fc44 ee44486/raw/0214cabac1c9e7f6a6e528534d70a0a79ee44db1/Template_Configure2.JSON
EMBEDDING PROJECTOR (Tensor Board) The extracted data from the previous multidimensional matrices (Tensors) was injected in the Embedding Projector of Tensorflow Google software for machine learning
The output is a high dimensional design space of solutions that can be helpful for: 1- Classification the data into local and global convergent clusters. 2- Optimization through the multidimensional design space approaching the ultimate solution(s). 3- Visualization of the multidimensional data in a 3d dimesnions environment
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An example with recommended steps and settings for a more efficient classification, optimization and visualization experience:
2504 Points in 34 Dimensions
1
Color By Functions
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Sphereize Data
3
T-SNE, Perplexity=20, Learning Rate=1 34 High Dimensional Design Space
4
5
For better understanding of the clusterization, Label by numbers, then enable the 3d labels mode
Search By Functions
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1st Level, Optimizing for the solutions that has the function of (Restaurant) (312 Points out of 2504)
7
2nd Level, Optimizing for the solutions that has the function of (Gathering Nodes) (239 Points out of 312)
8
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3rd Level, Optimizing for the solutions that provokes the feeling of (distract) (151 Points out of 239)
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4th Level, Optimizing for the solutions that provokes the feeling of (Surprise) (56 Points out of 151) 37 High Dimensional Design Space
5th Level, Optimizing for the solutions that provokes the feeling of (Joy) (13 Points out of 56)
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6th Level, Optimizing for the solutions that provokes the feeling of (admiration) (7 Points out of 13)
12
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7th Level, Optimizing for the solutions that provokes the feeling of (Serenty) (4 Points out of 7)
The best 4 design solutions that can work as restaurant and gathering node, and provokes the feelings of distract, surprise, joy, admiration and serenity, are the following ones:
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RESULTING GEOMEETRIES
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3 APPLICATION OF JAKARTA‘S URBAN CONDENSER CORES From High Dimensional Design Space to Macro Scale Rattan and Bamboo distribution on earth shows that Indonesia has 80% of the bamboo around the world. It is also the 6th largest concrete consumer country, and has 6th largest construction growth rate. Jakarta is considered as the 2nd largest urban masses in the world with a high density low rise buildings fabric where the narrow 8m width streets are the only open spaces for encounters.
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1
2 3
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1
2
3
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From the OMA book Content, a social condenser is described as; „Programatic layering upon vacant terrain to encourage dynamic coexistence of activities and to generate through their interference, unprecedented events“. The idea of the social condenser is about exploring radical new kinds of human collectivities: collectivities of co-habitation, of coproduction, of intellectual work; as well as collectivities of affect, beauty, empathy and passion.
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Streets -as the only open public spaces in Jakarta- are more likely to have all the activities that are meant to be held in public plazas, and since the streets are so narrow (6-8m), they turned to be heavy spaces of encounters. So Urban Condenser cores are proposed to collect activities, events and people.
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An average district in Jakarta‘s urban mass (1 km x 1 km): Using Depthmap X software to analyze the connectivity, integration and density of the urban fabric, then overlaying them to get the most encountered spaces to apply the urban condenser core prototyping.
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Connectivity
Integration
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Depth (Density)
Overlaying the maps of connectivity, integration and depth, in order to get the the most encountered nodes that will be injected with an urban condenser core to contain and balance the needed functions.
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The Overlayed Map
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Optimization Steps: 1. By analyzing the context, land use and social characteristics for the selected seven sites, a list of required functions and feelings was created for each site seperately. 2. Using the High Dimensional Design Space to optimize the best archtitectural geometries and spaces that matches the required functions and feelings. 3. Extracting number of optimized geometries (8-12) for each site. 4. Running the T-SNE Algorithm simulation one more time just on the extracted geomtries, in order to get the ultimate solution for the spatial organizing of the geometries based on the similarities of the functions and feelings.
Habitation Commercial / Workshops Educational Cultural Governmental
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Governmental Functions Map (Land use)
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Site 01
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Site 02
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Site 04
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Site 05
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Site 06
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Site 07
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Site 03
1
2
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3
4
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Site 03
5
6
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7
8
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Site 03
9
10
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11
12
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By Running the T-SNE Algorithm simulation one more time just on the 12 extracted geomtries, in order to get the ultimate solution for organizing the geometries based on the similarities of the functions and feelings.
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3
7
9 6 8
2 1
4
5
10
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5
HYBRID BAMBOO REINFORCED FINITE 1-BAMBOO Neil Thomas during his talk at (Bamboo U), concluded by stating that bamboo is the most sustainable natural building material on the planet and that we are certainly at the beginning of its use in a much broader way. However, his main teaching is that we should not try to adjust the bamboo to the existing rules, but change the rules to suit the bamboo.
“So why bamboo? Bamboo is the future. It is the most beautiful, versatile, tallest and strongest material that we could possibly choose. The rainforest is almost gone, plywood is mostly made from the rainforest and cement has a carbon load that is not going to help the future. That leaves bamboo. and if children plant bamboo today in eight years they will have timber ready to go and they will get timber every year for the rest of their life to build anything they need.� -John Hardy, Green School co-founder
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WHY BAMBOO / RATTAN ? - Bamboo is sustainable and renewable which acts like grass not at a tree, as it is planted once, and then when it is cut, the roots start to grow new canes without the need for replanting again. -Bamboo reinforced concrete is 100 times cheaper than carbon fibers reinforced concrete -The Efficiency of Bamboo reinforced Concrete is 45% of the efficiency of steel reinforced concrete.
Load-deflection curved for bamboo, rattan and steel RC beams.
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2-FINITE
Finite is a new composite material made from desert sand. It‘s as strong as concrete, but unlike concrete, it‘s biodegradable, simple to make with abundant materials and easy to reuse.
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WHY FINITE ? There is a common misconception that sand is an abundant resource. Sand worldwide is in high demand and heavily used in many products and industries, especially construction. Desert sand however has little use, as its grains are too smooth and fine to bind together. Finite, a newly developed material composite, opens new opportunities to make use of desert sand and other abundant fine powders that traditionally have no use. Finite can form these fine powders into structures that have the
FEATURES: Strong Organic Reusable Dissolvable Low Carbon Biodegradable
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EXPERIMENT AND MATERIAL TESTS :
Different sectors of wooden samples
Different sectors stickssamples
Preparing the samples
Installing bamboo sticks in its places.
Installing bamboo sticks in its places.
Finalize of the first sample
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of
wooden
and
bamboo
Install the bamboo sticks into place
Test ability of the torsion in sample 1
Install the bamboo sticks into differnet section
Finalize of the second sample
Test ability of the torsion
Test ability of the torsion in with the walls
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Spatial Bamboo Curvature Controlling X-Bamboo design project: 2014-2015 UCL, Bartlett AD, Wonderlab RC5 . Published on Sep 29, 2015
Controlled by different numbers of points
2d curved can be generated by subdividing stick in to more segments
Single bamboo 2D curved by 3 points 74 High Dimensional Design Space
Divide Bamboo Strip Into Simple Curves
Curvature Analysis
Subdivided Curve
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LOCATION CONTROL TESTS
Accurate Control in 2d and 3d
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ROBOTIC TECHNIQUE
Robotics Bending Process
Adjust refrance point in space
Installation of bamboo strip
Heating before bennding. Apply heat before bending can make bamboo strip more flixable and have have more strengh to resist break.
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Bending process
Apply heat after bending by apply heat after bending. can make bamboo strip hold position in space.
Take out bamboo strip
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LAMINATION TECHNIQUE
Robotic Lamination Process
Steaming
Gluing
Bending
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Clamping
Heating
Watering
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5 - MACRO SCALE / BAMBOO MESH INTEGRATION
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MACRO GRID DEFORMATION
01-Mass
02-Orthognal Grid 84 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO GRID DEFORMATION
03-Geometry Approximation
04-Reinforcement / Stress Lines 85 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO GRID DEFORMATION
05-Columns Forming
06-Sun Catching 86 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO GRID DEFORMATION
07-Wind Catching
08-Circulation Forming (1) 87 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO GRID DEFORMATION
09-Circulation Forming (2)
10-Spaces Forming (1) 88 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO GRID DEFORMATION
11-Spaces Forming (2)
12-Reinforcement / Stress Lines (2) 89 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO PROCESS
01-Grouping 3 Points on the bamboo strips based on the distance (start, mid, end).
02-Grouping and colorizing the bamboo strips based on the spatial orientation 90 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO PROCESS
03-Mean Curves of the grouped strips (one curve representing each group)
04-Extracting the Inflection Points of the mean curves 91 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO PROCESS
05-Extracting the prependicular plans at the inflection points
06-Creating cross sections along the geometry at the extracted plans 92 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO PROCESS
07-Optimizing and reducing the slices to keep the highest stability with the minimum number of slices
08-Weaving and fixing Bamboo strips through the optimized cross sections using robotics techniques 93 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO PROCESS
09-Connections every 5 meters to connect bamboo strips longitudinally
10-The metal framework to outline the geometry to be castable 94 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO PROCESS
11-Combination of the metal framework and the crosssections framework creating the architectural usable grid.
12- All construction layers ready to be casted: (Cross sections framework, metal outline framework, Bamboo strips 3d grid, metal connections every 5 metres 95 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO PROCESS
13-The final prototype after casting with FINITE material. (Porosotiy defined by the interesected grid of all layers).
14-MESO Fragment 96 High Dimensional Design Space
MACRO THICKNESS
Columns Reinforcement Function (Space/Circulation) Environment
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY PLANS
+6
+5
+4
+3
+2
+1
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY PLANS
+12
+11
+10
+9
+8
+7
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY PLANS
+18
+17
+16
+15
+14
+13
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY PLANS
+24
+23
+22
+21
+20
+19
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY SECTION 1
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY SECTION 1
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY SECTION 1
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY SECTION 1
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY SECTION 2
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY SECTION 2
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY SECTION 2
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY SECTION 2
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY SECTION 2
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MACRO-MORPHOLOGY SECTION 2
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MACRO
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PLANS
0
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+3
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PLANS
+6
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+9
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PLANS
+12
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SECTIONS
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SECTIONS
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MESO SCALE
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MACRO TO MESO
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MESO
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MESO
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MESO-GRID DEFORMATION
01-Mass
02-Grid 127 High Dimensional Design Space
MESO-GRID DEFORMATION
03-Geometry Approximation
04-Stress Lines 128 High Dimensional Design Space
MESO-GRID DEFORMATION
05-Columned
06-Sun Catching (Lighting) 129 High Dimensional Design Space
MESO-GRID DEFORMATION
07- Wind Orientation
08-Spaces 130 High Dimensional Design Space
MESO-GRID DEFORMATION
09-Circulation 1
10-Circulation2 131 High Dimensional Design Space
MESO-GRID DEFORMATION
11-Stress Lines 2
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MESO-PROCESS
01-Grouping and colorizing the bamboo strips based on the spatial orientation
02-Mean Curves of the grouped strips (one curve representing each group) 133 High Dimensional Design Space
MESO-PROCESS
03-Extracting the Inflection Points of the mean curves
04-Extracting the prependicular plans at the inflection points 134 High Dimensional Design Space
MESO-PROCESS
05-Creating cross sections along the geometry at the extracted plans
06-Optimizing and reducing the slices to keep the highest stability with the minimum number of slices 135 High Dimensional Design Space
MESO-PROCESS
07-Weaving Bamboo
8-Connections every 5 meters to connect bamboo strips longitudinally 136 High Dimensional Design Space
MESO-PROCESS
09-The metal framework to outline the geometry to be castable
10-Combined Framework of wooden cross sections and metal frame
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MESO-PROCESS
11-Weaving and fixing Bamboo strips through the optimized cross sections using robotics techniques
12-The final prototype after casting with FINITE material. (Porosotiy defined by the interesected grid of all layers). 138 High Dimensional Design Space
MESO-PROCESS
13-Fragment
14-Intersected Slices 139 High Dimensional Design Space
MESO-PROCESS
15-Slices Opennings
16-Fragments are ready to be robotically produced by weaving bamboo strips through the holes of the framework, and adjusting the curvature by fixing the inflection points robotically. 140 High Dimensional Design Space
MESO-PROCESS
17-Fixtures
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ROBOTIC TECHNIQUES
1- Weaving Technique
Weaved Bamboo through the frame work
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2- Spatial Curvature Controlling
Inflection Point
Inflection Point
Inflection Point Adjusted Bamboo Curvature 143 High Dimensional Design Space
PROTOTYPE
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BIBLIOGRAPHY / REFERENCES 1- Maaten, L. and Hinton, G. (2008). Visualizing Data using t-SNE. Machine Learning Research, 9(Nov), pp.2579—2605. 2- Jamieson, A.R.; Giger, M.L.; Drukker, K.; Lui, H.; Yuan, Y.; Bhooshan, N. (2010). „Exploring Nonlinear Feature Space Dimension Reduction and Data Representation in Breast CADx with Laplacian Eigenmaps and t-SNE“. 3- Luo, Z., Ren, J., Ren, J., Wang, L. and Lan, L. (2015). X-Bamboo design project: 2014-2015 UCL, Bartlett AD, Wonderlab RC5. 4- TensorFlow. (2018). Embeddings | TensorFlow. [online] Available at: https://www.tensorflow.org/programmers_guide/embedding [Accessed 26 Jun. 2018]. 5- Experiments.withgoogle.com. (2018). Visualizing High-Dimensional Space by Daniel Smilkov, Fernanda Viégas, Martin Wattenberg & the Big Picture team at Google | Experiments with Google. [online] Available at: https:// experiments.withgoogle.com/visualizing-high-dimensional-space [Accessed 26 Jun. 2018]. 6- Materialfinite.com. (2018). Material Finite. [online] Available at: http://www. materialfinite.com/ [Accessed 26 Jun. 2018]. 7- Humancities.co. (2018). Jakarta – Urban Challenges Overview – Human Cities Coalition. [online] Available at: https://www.humancities.co/2017/01/ jakarta-urban-challenges-overview/ [Accessed 26 Jun. 2018]. 8- Icd.uni-stuttgart.de. (2018). ITECH M.Sc 2015: Robotic Softness | Institute for Computational Design and Construction. [online] Available at: http://icd. uni-stuttgart.de/?p=15521 [Accessed 26 Jun. 2018]. 9- ArchDaily. (2018). If We Were To Design The Ideal Building Material, It Would Look A Lot Like Bamboo. [online] Available at: https://www.archdaily. com/885748/if-we-were-to-design-the-ideal-building-material-it-would-look-alot-like-bamboo [Accessed 26 Jun. 2018]. 10- IBUKU. (2018). Why Bamboo? - IBUKU. [online] Available at: http://ibuku. com/why-bamboo/ [Accessed 26 Jun. 2018].
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