Understanding Colorectal Cancers

Colon cancer. Rectal cancer. Colorectal cancer. What are the differences?

Colon cancer and rectal cancer are two different types of colorectal cancer based on the location of the cancer. They share many similarities, including symptoms, risk factors and even some of the basic biology as to how these cancers develop. They're also screened for in a similar way. However, there are differences between these two cancers, particularly when it comes to how they're treated.

COLON VS. RECTAL CANCER

While there are many similarities between colon and rectal cancers, the two individual cancers are not the same.

“ The major difference between colon and rectal cancer is how they're treated,” said Dr. Tareq Kamal, a colorectal surgeon at Houston Methodist West Hospital. “Treatment will also vary depending on the stage of either type of cancer.”

Colon cancer treatment typically starts with surgery. It may or may not be followed by chemotherapy depending on the final stage of the cancer.

Rectal cancer treatment, on the other hand, often begins with either chemotherapy or radiation (or a combination of the two) before surgery. After surgery, more chemotherapy may be needed as well.

Why Screening Is Key

But even with these treatment differences, screening is vital for catching both types of cancer.

“Most colorectal cancers begin as polyps, so following the recommended screening guidelines is critical for detecting both colon and rectal cancer,” Kamal explained. “While there are various screening options, a colonoscopy is the most common and effective tool for early diagnosis.”

E arly detection of colorectal cancer is so important. It can often mean less aggressive treatment as well as a significantly better chance of survival. For most people, colorectal cancer screening begins at age 45.

S creening should begin much earlier if you had an immediate family member with colorectal cancer. In this case, experts recommend starting screening as early as 10 years before the age at which a family member was diagnosed. •

Schedule Your Screening Today

Following the screening guidelines remains the best way to diagnose colon or rectal cancer in the early stages when it’s highly treatable. Talk to your doctor about when you should be screened and how often. Schedule your colonoscopy today by visiting houstonmethodist.org/ gastroenterology/colonoscopy or calling 832.522.5522.