Hawai'i Pacific University-Hawai'i Loa Campus Conceptual Master Plan

PRESIDENT’S STATEMENT

Ask people to describe Hawaiÿi Pacific University and you’ll get a surprising variety of responses. Some remember the tiny college that began with a handful of students in 1965 and has grown to become the largest private university in Hawaiÿi. Others know HPU because of our academic programs, including the largest MBA and Nursing programs in the State. Some have hired our students and have witnessed firsthand how our mission to produce global citizens prepares our graduates for careers in an ever-changing world. And others will list the locations where we offer classes: in the heart of Downtown, on military bases, at the Oceanic Institute, and in Käne‘ohe at our flagship Hawaiÿi Loa Campus.

I am proud to say that Hawaiÿi Pacific is all of these things: a homegrown university with modest origins that has become an international learning community offering the world a quality private education right here in Hawaiÿi, where the Orient meets the Occident.

The need for a university in Hawaiÿi like HPU has never been greater. Growth in our Nursing and Science programs and increased demand for on-campus housing – all of which are located on our Hawaiÿi Loa Campus – has convinced me that the time is right to turn our flagship campus into a campus for the future.

A place to live. A place to learn. A place to gather for sports and music, art and theatre.

The Conceptual Master Plan set forth on the following pages is a glimpse of what such a campus could look like. I am particularly pleased with it because it represents the collective vision of many in our university community: students, alumni, faculty, administrators, and trustees. Their passion for what Hawaiÿi Pacific University is and what it can become is evident on every page.

I invite you to take part in this vision of a student-centered, international learning community with a Hawaiian sense of place.

Chatt G. Wright

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PROJECT TEAM

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Architect/Planner

Section

Group 70 International, Inc.

Civil Engineer

Page

President’s Statement Project Team and Table of Contents

1 2

Belt Collins Hawaiÿi Ltd.

Mechanical & Electrical Engineer Lincolne Scott Inc.

Landscape Architect

Walters Kimura Motoda, Inc.

Structural Engineer Englekirk Partners

Cost Consultant

Rider Levett Bucknall

I. Existing Campus II. Hawaiÿi Pacific University Hawaiÿi Loa - Campus for the Future

Phase One Planning Report 2007 III. Master Plan Charrette 2008 IV. Conceptual Campus Master Plan V. Diagrams of Levels VI. Renderings and Space Programs of Major Buildings VII. Sustainability VIII. Landscape Master Plan IX. Building Systems and Infrastructure

3 4 5 6 8 10 16 18 22

Appendix A Landscape Design Strategies Appendix B Engineering Reports and Diagrammatic Drawings

26 38

Acknowledgements

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I. Existing Campus

Maintenance Facility

Dining Commons

Modular Buildings

Academic Center

Residences

Tennis Courts

Natu (Mam ral Drai nag alaho a Str e eam) Softball Field

Soccer Field Parking Lot

KAMEHAMEHA HWY. Pali Golf Course

Hawaiÿi Pacific University (HPU) is Hawaiÿi’s largest private university with more than 8,000 students from Hawaiÿi, U.S. mainland, and more than 100 countries around the world. The Hawaiÿi Pacific University Hawaiÿi Loa Campus is considered to be the flagship of HPU’s campuses on the island of Oÿahu. The campus is located on the beautiful windward side of the island in Käneÿohe, about 7 miles from Honolulu. The Hawaiÿi Loa Campus (HLC) became part of HPU in 1992 after a merger with the former Hawaiÿi Loa College. The site is approximately 130 acres and operates under Special Subzone No. 1 in the State Land Use Conservation District. The campus currently has one access and egress point from Kamehameha Highway, directly across from the entrance to the Pali Golf Course. Existing buildings and facilities on the campus include1: 1

4. Two Modular Buildings - approximately 3,360 total SF, containing faculty and administrative offices, and a student activity room.

5. Maintenance Building - approximately 3,800 SF, containing administrative offices, workshop, equiptment storage, and other amenities to support campus maintenance and road/grounds requirements.

6. Parking - for approximately 500 vehicles.

The original campus Master Plan was designed for Hawaiÿi Loa College in 1964 by William L. Pereira & Associates.

Although it never fully materialized, it envisioned a Liberal Arts College with student enrollment ranging from 300 to 2,500 students set in a planning framework defined by a major pedestrian “spine” or mall laterally connecting buildings on the campus. The Academic Center building was designed as the midpoint of the spine, with the Residences marking the west end of the spine and the Performing Arts complex and faculty housing marking the east end of the spine. The natural drainage channel (Mamalahoa Stream - an intermittent stream) which stretches across the site collects all of the water from the watershed from the Pali, across the Pali Golf Course, and under Kamehameha Highway through existing culverts. Because this drainage course is subject to periodic flooding due to heavy rainfall, the buildings are located above the high water elevation.2 The existing campus is beautiful with a verdant, well-maintained landscape. Views of the Koÿolau Mountains provide a panorama from the existing Academic Center. The site is large and can accommodate future development. However, the dramatic terrain does provide challenges. Its steep slopes make development potentially more difficult and costly.

In combination with heavy rainfall in the area, the slope causes significant rainwater run-off, presenting drainage issues. Access and egress to and from the site are also problematic, given slopes and short sight-lines. Existing buildings are dated in space provision, condition, and architectural expression. Since the original Master Plan was not completed, facilities are not integrated into a cohesive whole supporting a vibrant campus lifestyle. Parking is limited, distant and down-slope from the buildings. Visitors and students have to walk along the entrance road to the main entrance walkway of the campus. This long, uncovered walkway presents a challenge to the physically challenged users and provides no protection during inclement weather.

1. Academic Center - or the “Amos Starr and Juliette Montague Cooke Memorial Academic Center” was built in 1969. With approximately 22,000 SF, it contains classrooms, administrative and faculty offices, a 100seat theatre, art gallery, library, a computer lab, a bookstore, and general science laboratories.

2. Dining Commons - built in 1970, with approximately 10,000 SF. The Dining Commons provides food service for the 210 on-campus, student-residents, including a small student recreation room and fitness center in the basement.

3. Six Residences - built in 1970, with approximately 62,000 total SF, these three-story concrete structures provide living accommodations for 210 on-campus, student-residents in four- and five-person suites.

View of Koÿolau Moutains and walkway to the existing Academic Center building 1

2

Existing Academic Center building

Students’ gathering place in the existing Academic Center building

Hawai’i Pacific University Project Description, Vice President of Administration, April 28, 2008.

Hawai’i Loa College A Master Plan Report, William L. Pereira & Associates, 1964.

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II.

HAWAIÿI PACIFIC UNIVERSITY HAWAIÿI LOA - CAMPUS FOR THE FUTURE PHASE ONE PLANNING REPORT 2007

“The Hawaiÿi Loa campus will be a memorable and uplifting campus that demonstrates Hawaiian sense of place and serves the highest purposes of learning. The campus will reflect the University’s spirit of aloha, commitment to global connections, and sense of community within and beyond the borders of the campus. The Hawaiÿi Loa learning campus will protect and enhance the natural environment and resources of the land, air, and sea, and will actively contribute to the retention of students who come to study at Hawaiÿi Pacific University.” 3

Strategic planning for the Hawaiÿi Loa Campus expansion, which is anticipated to be a five-year program, began in 2007. University President Chatt Wright appointed an executive level committee to assess requirements to accommodate the current and anticipated enrollment growth of the Nursing and Science programs, both of which are located on the HLC. The goal was to enhance the quality of HPU education and scholarship, and to create a vibrant campus community with residential life that supports excellence in teaching and learning. The plan also responded to the increasing desire of parents to have campus housing and an attractive campus life experience for students, particularly freshmen. Studies have shown that freshman retention is highly dependent on offering students an engaging live-learn college experience. To meet this expectation, the first phase of Hawaiÿi Loa Campus development will create facilities with the greatest potential to increase student recruitment and retention. The committee’s report recommended that the project include:

1. New Residences to accommodate an additional 400 on-campus student residents 2. Academic Center II 3. A Student Center 4. Paul and Vi Loo Performing Arts Center 5. Indoor recreational facilities (e.g. a multi-purpose gymnasium, a fitness center) 6. Increased food service facilities

7. Additional 400 parking spaces

The projected growth of the Hawaiÿi Loa Campus is estimated to include an increase in the average daily number of students from 1,200 to 1,800 students. This projection is based on an anticipated overall increase in enrollment of about 50% in the Nursing and Natural Science programs. By fall 2012 the Science programs expect to meet the 53% increase that occurred between 2001 and 2006, resulting in 868 undergraduate students and 80 graduate students.

The School of Nursing alone expects a 23% increase in enrollment to 1,900 students. HPU’s current enrollment and the number of students on the waiting list to receive a room assignment in the Hawaiÿi Loa Residences in fall 2006 indicate that the University could easily fill an additional 400 bed spaces.

3

Hawaiÿi Loa Phase One Planning Report, 2007: (Authors)

John Fleckles, Senior Vice President of Academic Affairs Les Correa, Associate Vice President of Academic Affairs Nancy L. Hedlund, Associate Vice President of Planning and Assessment

Jeffrey L. Philpott, Vice President of Student Affairs

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III. MASTER PLAN CHARRETTE 2008 In November 2008, approximately 20 HPU administrators, faculty members, students, alumni and board members engaged in a facilitated Master Plan Charrette. The Charrette was a focused envisioning process designed to produce foundational concepts to guide the planning process.

The methodology of the Charrette avoided defining buildings. Instead, it encouraged participants to envision the world in 20-30 years as it relates to the lifestyle at large, but especially students in higher education. With the rapid advance and significant impact of technologies which have been both disruptive and transformative, the Charrette was key in providing a “life-style vision“ of a future HPU that will guide the planning process to ensure that the campus will retain its relevance for decades.

4. The HPU campus will be a community that embodies a sense of home. It will foster a sense of “belonging.”

Its scale will be intimate and personal rather than institutional. It will be compact and conveniently traversed rather than spread over the entire site. It will also convey a sense of aloha to visitors and the general community by being physically and emotionally accessible and welcoming.

5. The HPU campus will be based on environmentally sustainable principles and employ sustainable design strategies in its planning and design. The campus will also practice a sustainable lifestyle. It will serve as a model of sustainability and a source of new knowledge relating to sustainable practices and technologies.

The campus will also respond to and reflect its beautiful setting in Käneÿohe opposite the spectacular Koÿolaus.

Since certain elements of life and society change quickly and dramatically while others remain consistent and enduring, the goal of the Charrette was to identify constant themes in the context of changing patterns during the 20-year planning period. With the assumption that the campus should be planned for adaptability to changing educational patterns and technology, the characteristics relating to enduring qualities are expressed below in the “Major Themes” developed by the Charrette participants.

MAJOR THEMES

1. HPU will be an international learning community. It is envisioned that HPU students gain an understanding of global citizenship and that the institution be a global solution provider. Currently, approximately a third of students come from Hawaiÿi, another third from the mainland US and the balance from as many as 100 countries. The local/global scope of HPU is a current reality and one of its great strengths. This strength should be fostered and supported by the Plan.

2. HPU will be student centered. Universities are too often centered on the needs of the institution rather than students. This is not to be the case at HPU. It is also envisioned that HPU will be a place where students will grow both in an out of the classroom. Opportunities for such growth should be fostered by the Plan.

3. The HPU campus will be an aggregate of gathering places which reflect the aesthetic and cultural qualities of Hawaiÿi and the multiple cultures of Hawaiÿi. The campus should inspire and stimulate. It should display and reflect student work in science, the visual arts, performing arts and other intellectual and physical pursuits.

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IV. CONCEPTUAL CAMPUS MASTER PLAN

(9)

(7) (8)

(6) (3)

(5)

(3B) (4)

(2) (2A)

(1A)

(1)

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IV. CONCEPTUAL CAMPUS MASTER PLAN (continued) The Conceptual Master Plan is guided by the beautiful but challenging physical characteristics of the site, the potential costs and impacts of development, the space program derived from the 2007 Phase One Planning Report and modified by the administration, as well as the educational and lifestyle objectives defined in the Charrette. The following recommendations form the Master Plan:

(1) The existing entry/exit from Kamehameha Highway is difficult to negotiate and will probably not be sufficient with the increases anticipated in the Plan. It is, therefore, recommended that a signalized intersection be proposed to the State Department of Transportation (DOT) at the existing entry. This issue will be addressed in the next phase of work. An alternative entry/exit is shown at location 1A. (2) The current soccer field is proposed to be developed as a landscaped parking area, holding 400 new spaces. The alternative, the development of a parking structure, would cost approximately $8 – $10 mil versus $1.5 - $2 mil for the on-grade parking area. Existing parking lots will remain. The soccer field will be moved to location 2A. (3) Bordering the new parking area will be the Paul and Vi Loo Performing Arts Center and the Multi-Purpose Gym (3B). The lot will not only provide day-to-day parking but also events parking for these facilities.

(4) Primary pedestrian access to the campus will be from the new parking area to a flanking covered walkway.

This will provide needed protection in inclement weather.

(5) Alongside of the new parking lot and at approximately the same level will be the new Academic Building (Academic Center II). This facility will hold new science labs, classrooms for Nursing and other programs and the Library on the third level. The site of the building is on a relatively level portion of the slope which is in front of the existing Amos Starr & Juliette Cooke Memorial Academic Center (Cooke Academic Center). This is significant since it will partially shield views of the older structure. Academic Center II, along with the Paul and Vi Loo Performing Arts Center and the Multi-Purpose Gym, will provide a new frontage and image for the campus while still honoring, by integration, the Cooke Academic Center.

(7) The ground floor of the Cooke Academic Center and the library level (3rd floor) of the Academic Center II will also be the ground floor elevation of the new Student Center. One would also be able to bridge from the Library to the Student Center. The first floor of the Student Center is envisioned as a “Borders-type” bookstore with coffee shop, reading areas, music, etc., in addition to books in a “great room.” The campus pedestrian path will ramp up to this level.

(8) The first floor of the Bookstore/Cafe will look out onto the Residential Commons. Two rows of lowrise housing, built like residential units in the community rather than institutional dorms, will flank the Commons. These residential units will be naturally ventilated with corridors looking into the Commons.

The Residential Commons will provide opportunities for multiple activities including music festivals, craft fairs, and other activities.

(9) The Residential Commons leads to the existing Dining Commons which will be significantly remodeled to provide modern and varied dining experiences for students and staff. The kitchen will be renovated to provide higher capacity within the same space. Limited food service will also be available during the day at the Bookstore/Cafe.

The resulting Master Plan integrates the campus into the natural contours of the site, using elevation 336’ above mean sea level as the organizing level, at which major gathering areas such as the Library, Bookstore/Cafe, and Residential Commons are linked. All other related spaces are one to two levels up or down. An on-grade and accessible pedestrian path will connect all facilities from the parking area to the existing Residences and Dining Commons. It will take only 10 minutes to walk from one end of the campus to the other. During inclement weather, a good portion of the walk, especially in the academic areas, will be protected.

(6) The existing first floor lanai of the Cooke Academic Center will be accessed on the ground via a pathway between both academic buildings or from the third floor Library level of Academic Center II via a bridge.

The existing portion of unenclosed space on the ground floor will be enclosed for student organization offices.

Atrium/ Courtyard

SECTION A-A

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V.

DIAGRAMS OF LEVELS

LEVEL 3: Elevation – 336’ This is the unifying level of the campus. The Library on the third floor of the Academic Center II connects to the first floor of the Cooke Academic Center and to the first floor of the Student Center Bookstore. The Residential Commons area and the primary entry levels of the new Residences are approximately at this elevation.

3 LEVEL 2: ELEVATION - 322’ This is the elevation of the second floor of the Academic Center II and approximately the second level of the MultiPurpose Gymnasium (319’). The pedestrian path rises to this elevation between the new and existing Academic Center buildings. The first floors of the mauka component of the new Residences are at this level, as is the existing Dining Commons.

2 LEVEL 1: ELEVATION - 308’

1

This is the general base level of the Master Plan Campus, with the exception of the athletic fields. This is the level of the new parking area and the first level of the Academic Center II, as well as the first level of the Multi-Purpose Gymnasium (306’). The campus-wide pedestrian path begins at this level, extends to the Academic Center II and rises to the elevation of the first level of the Performing Arts Center (315’). Most of the existing Residential Commons have their first floors at approximately this elevation.

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V.

DIAGRAMS OF LEVELS (continued) D

A C

D

LEVEL 5: ELEVATION – 362’

B

This is the top level of the campus and is the third floor of both the Student Center and the Cooke Academic Center.

The vacated library space in the Cooke Academic Center may be remodeled to accommodate various new Nursing labs, faculty offices, and conference rooms.

B

A C

5 LEVEL 4: ELEVATION – 349’ This is the second level of the Student Center, which may house a fitness gym, student health spaces, offices, and student lockers. It is also the second floor level of the Cooke Academic Center which houses existing offices and classrooms. The roof of the new Academic Center, at this level, is visible from the upper floors of both adjacent buildings and is proposed to be a “green” vegetated roof, designed to drain and collect water for recycling. This roof, landscaped with ground cover and not shrubs or trees, is lightweight and designed to be watertight.

4

Proposed Green Roof

Proposed Photo Voltaic Panels Green Wall

Atrium/ Courtyard

Proposed Solar Panels

SECTION A-A

SECTION C-C

SECTION B-B

SECTION D-D

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VI. RENDERINGS AND SPACE PROGRAMS OF MAJOR BUILDINGS - ACADEMIC CENTER II

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ACADEMIC CENTER II SPACE PROGRAM

49,020

BUILDING G.S.F.

VIEW

LOCATION PLAN

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VI. RENDERINGS AND SPACE PROGRAMS OF MAJOR BUILDINGS (continued) - PERFORMING ARTS CENTER & MULTI-PURPOSE GYMNASIUM

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PERFORMING ARTS CENTER & MULTI-PURPOSE GYMNASIUM SPACE PROGRAMS

VIEW

LOCATION PLAN

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VI. RENDERINGS AND SPACE PROGRAMS OF MAJOR BUILDINGS (continued) - STUDENT CENTER AND RESIDENCES

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STUDENT CENTER AND RESIDENCES SPACE PROGRAMS

BUILDING G.S.F.

16,875

VIEW

LOCATION PLAN

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VII. SUSTAINABILITY Hawaiÿi Pacific University Hawaiÿi Loa Campus will be a sustainability model for higher educational facilities. The new Hawaiÿi Loa Campus will be HPU’s marker in environmental stewardship. The project will incorporate design strategies to limit the project’s environmental footprint and will be designed with a fully integrated approach to meet the U.S. Green Building Council’s Leadership in Energy and Environmental Design (LEED) certification criteria. The overarching plan for each resource should follow these basic principles:

1. Reduce demand.

2. Efficient systems.

3. On-site generation (e.g. power, water).

4. Offset off-site resources needs and impacts.

This section provides examples of key sustainability strategies that could be incorporated during the early stage of the Hawaiÿi Loa Campus expansion planning and design process.

Energy Savings Strategies:

1. Incorporate on-site renewable energy generation system(s).

2. Use solar water heater for on-site needs (sinks, showers).

3. Design for flexibility and personal controls.

4. Provide good use of natural light.

5. Provide natural ventilation where applicable.

6. Incorporate proper building orientation and building envelope design to minimize heat gain, such as, green roofs, green walls, etc.

Water Savings Strategies:

1. Recover, treat, and reuse water.

2. Utilize rainwater catchment system for on-site irrigation and for use in building systems operation and maintenance.

3. Reduce stormwater run off by incorporating bioswales.

4. Incorporate low-flow fixtures and appliances.

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VII. SUSTAINABILITY

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VIII. LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN CAMPUS CHARACTER

PLANNING GOALS

One of the greatest assets of the Hawaiÿi Loa Campus is its natural setting – dramatic views of the Ko‘olau Mountains, mature canopy trees, and the surrounding lush conservation land. The existing landscape functions as a unifying element where buildings are meant to harmonize with the natural setting and respect the majestic Pali.

The Planning Goals to fulfill the campus vision include the use of “architectural and landscape strategies that meet sustainability standards and incorporate design principles with known success in Hawaiÿi, to create a campus that achieves significant: • Reduction in long-term maintenance • Reduced dependence on nonrenewable energy sources • Enhanced conservation and protection of natural resources, and • Respect for and enhancement of the inherent beauty of the campus.” 4

The goal of the Hawaiÿi Loa – Campus for the Future, Phase One Planning Report, 2007 is to create a “memorable and uplifting campus that demonstrates Hawaiian sense of place and serves the highest purposes of learning…” The campus will “protect and enhance the natural environment and resources of the land, air and sea…”

To help achieve this goal, the Landscape Master Plan seeks to respect the natural setting, while emphasizing the use of native Hawaiian and Polynesian-introduced plants to promote sustainability and create a Hawaiian place of learning.

HAWAIIAN SENSE OF PLACE The establishment of a Hawaiian sense of place reflects the University’s mission statement that “Hawaiÿi Pacific University is an international learning community set in the rich cultural context of Hawaiÿi.” 4

EXISTING CONDITIONS The surrounding conservation land is dominated by non-native trees such as African tulip, eucalyptus, banyan, rubber tree, mango, and Norfolk Island pine; the wooded hillsides provide a lush backdrop to the campus.

A variety of non-native trees are also growing in the developed portion of the campus including monkeypod tree, shower tree, pink tecoma, royal poinciana, puakenikeni, paperbark, manila palm, and areca palm. Many of these trees may have been planted in response to the Hawaiÿi Loa College – A Master Plan Report prepared by William L. Pereira & Associates which recommended the planting of such trees and palms for scale and texture, and for color, especially when seen from above.

Except for coconut and green ti, no emphasis was placed on the use of native Hawaiian or Polynesian-introduced plants in the original Master Plan. However, coconut palms, kukui and hala are quite prevalent on campus.

Monkeypod trees most define the character of the campus due to their large, spreading canopies. These trees, coupled with the expansive lawns, wooded hillsides and dramatic views of the Ko‘olau Mountains truly reflect the image of Hawaiÿi as a “paradise.”

The character of the campus is derived in large part from the natural environment. Views of the Ko‘olau Mountains should be maintained to preserve the sense of place within the ahupua’a. The natural environment – major open spaces and mature trees - should also dominate, rather than the built environment.

Hawaiÿi’s mild semi-tropical climate allows for an indoor-outdoor relationship where the boundaries between buildings and landscape are indistinguishable; buildings are part of a series of spaces that are linked by greenery. Tree canopies should be maintained to provide shade, protection from the rain, and to define outdoor rooms or spaces for gathering and socializing.

The Hawaiÿi Loa Campus will “reflect the University’s spirit of aloha, commitment to global connections, and sense of community within and beyond the borders of the campus.” 4 The landscape should therefore reflect not only the Hawaiian culture, but Hawaiÿi Pacific University’s global reach as well.

Where new plantings are required and specific species are not needed for aesthetic consistency to create an extension of adjacent plantings or for educational purposes, native Hawaiian and Polynesian-introduced species should be considered first. The use of native materials (such as ‘ohi‘a wood, basalt, and moss rock), native design motifs that reflect the culture or nature, and artwork can all help to enhance the Hawaiian sense of place.

4

Hawaiÿi Loa Phase One Planning Report, 2007.

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VIII. LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN (continued) CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE : TREES AND PALMS

CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE : SHRUBS AND GROUND COVERS

Aleurites moluccana / Kukui ***

Detail of leaves, flowers and fruit

Pandanus tectorius / Hala *

Alpinia purpurata / Red Ginger

Alpinia speciosa / Shell Ginger

Alpinia spp. / ÿKimiÿ Dark Pink Ginger

Cassia x nealiae / “Queen’s Hospital White” Shower Tree

Detail of Rainbow Shower flower

Fagraea berteriana / Puakenikeni

Cordyline fruticosa / Ki (Ti) ***

Cordyline spp. / Red Ti

Gardenia brighamii / Naÿu (Native Gardenia) **

Bacopa monnieri / ÿAeÿae (Bacopa) *

Carex wahuensis **

Dianella sandwicensis / ÿUkiÿuki *

Araucaria heterophylla / Norfolk Island Pine

Cocos nucifera / Niu (Coconut Palm) ***

Pritchardia spp. / Loulu **

* Indiginous Species *** Endemic Species *** Polynesian Introduction

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VIII. LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN (continued) CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE : ACADEMIC CENTER II - MEDICINAL PLANTS

CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE: RESIDENCES - LEI MAKING

Acacia koa / Koa **

Aleurites moluccana / Kukui ***

Detail of leaves, flowers and fruit

Microlepia strigosa / Palapalai *

Fagraea berteriana / Puakenikeni

Detail of flower

Plumeria spp. / Plumeria

Cibotium chamissoi / Hapuÿu **

Pandanus tectorius / Hala *

Saccharum officinarum / Ko (Sugar Cane) ***

Detail of Fruit

Detail of stalks

Syzygium malaccense / ÿOhiÿa ÿai ***

Cordyline fruticosa / Ki (Ti) ***

Dodonaea viscosa / ÿAÿaliÿi *

Dianella sandwicensis / ÿUkiÿuki *

Detail of fruit * Indiginous Species *** Endemic Species *** Polynesian Introduction

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VIII. LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN (continued) CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE : PERFORMING ARTS CENTER AND MULTI-PURPOSE GYMNASIUM - HULA & MUSIC INSTRUMENTS

Asplenium nidus / ÿEkaha (Bird’s Nest Fern) *

Bambusa spp. / ÿOhe (Bamboo) ***

Microlepia strigosa / Palapalai Fern *

Syzygium malaccense / ÿOhiÿa ÿai ***

Cordyline fruticosa / Ki (Ti) ***

Broussonetia papyrifera / Wauke ***

Metrosideros polymorpha / ÿOhiÿa lehua **

CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE : DINING COMMONS - EDIBLE PLANTS, FOOD PREPARATION AND UTENSILS

Colocasia esculenta / Kalo (Taro) ***

Musa spp. / Maiÿa (Banana) ***

Artocarpus altilis / ÿUlu (Breadfruit) ***

Thespesia populnea / Milo ***

Osteomeles anthyllidifolia / ÿUlei *

Saccharum officinarum / Ko (Sugar Cane) ***

Syzygium malaccense / ÿOhiÿa ÿai (Mountain Apple) ***

Alocasia macrorrhiza / ÿApe (Elephant’s Ear) ***

Detail of stalks * Indiginous Species *** Endemic Species *** Polynesian Introduction

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IX. BUILDING SYSTEMS AND INFRASTRUCTURE CIVIL ENGINEERING The existing Hawaiÿi Loa Campus infrastructure is in generally good repair based on field observations. The pavements are in good condition and no areas of erosion were observed.

Improvements to the campus water system connection were done within the last two years, with a new water meter and backflow preventer installed. No reports of on-campus water line breaks or pressure problems were received during information gathering sessions. The campus is provided gas service from the local public utility with on-site tanks.

Construction of a new wastewater pumping station and connection to the City’s sewerage system are scheduled to be completed by July 2009. Once the new pumping station is in service, the on-site wastewater treatment plant serving the campus will be abandoned.

Mamalahoa Stream (intermittent) traverses the lower portion of the campus between the lower campus driveway and Kamehameha Highway. Culverts conveying storm water from the highway, and Pali Golf Course on the other side of the highway, discharge into the campus. There is no regulated flood zone within the campus associated with the stream. Drainage within the campus generally flows from up-slope to the stream conveyed in a combination of open channels and piped systems.

Under the proposed Master Plan a main parking lot is proposed to be constructed on the site of the existing soccer field, with the field relocated to the area between the existing tennis courts and Kamehameha Highway. An additional driveway onto the highway is also being considered, the requirements for which will need further evaluation.

As a public utility, the Gas Company will undertake improvements, upgrades and expansion of the synthetic natural gas system for projects as requested to accommodate the demands, and to recover costs through their tariff structure.

The gas system requirements must be assessed as new facilities are developed to determine if continued use of existing tanks or installation of new tanks is appropriate.

All of the existing sewer lines would remain in service under the proposed campus Master Plan, with phased extension of sewer lines to serve new buildings undertaken. Based on discussions with the pumping station’s designer, campus expansion was considered in sizing the wet well and force main. Replacement of the pumps with larger units may be needed at some point as flows to the station increase.

Considerable grading will be required to implement the proposed Master Plan. Excavating and terracing along the back of the campus will be required to accommodate the planned Residences and campus buildings. The general concept is to excavate and bench the slopes following local grading ordinances, with cutoff drainage channels installed as required to intercept upslope flow, directing it to Mamalahoa Stream. The drainage system for routing intercepted flows needs to be further evaluated to determine if a piped network or lined open channels best meet the campus long-term needs.

Based on the proposed new uses in the eastern portion of the campus, major drainage system improvements would be required to accommodate the off-site discharges. Further consideration of layout options relative to the drainage system costs needs to be undertaken. The earthwork requirements, along with the storm drainage system are anticipated to be the biggest civil works costs for Master Plan implementation.

Expansion of the campus water system will be required to serve the master planned buildings with domestic service and fire protection. While the City Board of Water Supply will not commit water to a facility until the time the building permit application is submitted, there are currently no restrictions on development in the campus area.

It is likely that the City’s water supply and on-site campus system will be adequate to support the master planned improvements. The adequacy of the existing meter and on-site lines to support the planned campus development will need to be confirmed. Relocation of some existing water lines would be required based on the currently proposed building layout.

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IX. BUILDING SYSTEMS AND INFRASTRUCTURE (continued)

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IX. BUILDING SYSTEMS AND INFRASTRUCTURE (continued) MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

The mechanical system infrastructure has been reviewed and new systems are proposed to address the sustainable objectives of this project. The air conditioning system serving the existing Academic Center is at the end of its service life and is in need of replacement within the next few years. The air conditioning system serving the existing Dining Commons is in better shape and could operate for another 3-5 years.

The electrical and telecommunication system infrastructure has been reviewed with a new overhead system proposed to address the site restrictions and additional building electrical and telecommunication requirements. The existing primary electrical system serving the existing Academic Center and Dining Commons are at the end of its service life and is in need of replacement in the short term.

The air conditioning load for the Academic Centers, Student Center, and Performing Arts Center is approximated at 500 tons. No air conditioning is planned for the Residences and the Multi-Purpose Gymnasium. With a concentrated load at the Academic Centers, the use of chilled beams for cooling and outside air pretreatment using dessicants for superior energy-efficiency is recommended. Further, a displacement ventilation system is recommended for the Performing Arts Center for higher energy efficiency and improved indoor air quality.

The primary electrical system will consist of a partially underground and overhead line system with pad mount transformers that will service each of the buildings or a cluster of buildings. The buildings will utilize sustainable strategies to maximize daylighting, use of ultra high-efficient lighting and power, and renewable energy through photovoltaic panels and wind turbines.

For the buildings without air conditioning, maximizing thermal comfort by optimizing the building envelope to reduce heat gain is recommended, as well as incorporating techniques to maximize air movement through crossventilation and ceiling fans.

Plans will also include minimizing water consumption and wastewater discharge by use of ultra-high efficiency plumbing fixtures, and minimizing energy use with thermal solar water heating systems.

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Appendices

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Appendix A - Landscape Design Strategies LANDSCAPE MASTER PLAN One of the greatest assets of the Hawaiÿi Loa Campus is its natural setting – dramatic views of the Koÿolau Mountains, mature canopy trees, and the surrounding lush conservation land. The existing landscape functions as a unifying element where buildings are meant to harmonize with the natural setting and respect the majestic Pali.

The goal of the Hawaiÿi Loa – Campus for the Future, Phase One Planning Report, 2007 is to create a “memorable and uplifting campus that demonstrates Hawaiian sense of place and serves the highest purposes of learning…” The campus will “protect and enhance the natural environment and resources of the land, air and sea…”

To help achieve this goal, the landscape Master Plan seeks to respect the natural setting, while emphasizing the use of native Hawaiian and Polynesian-introduced plants to promote sustainability and create a Hawaiian place of learning.

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Appendix A - Landscape Design Strategies (continued) EXISTING CONDITIONS Irrigation System The Hawaiÿi Loa Campus receives approximately 60”-70” of rain annually. The lawn areas are irrigated by a quick coupler system that was installed in the early 1970s and is operated manually. There are about 5 irrigation points of connection instead of one dedicated backflow prevention device for the entire irrigation system.

Landscape The surrounding conservation land is dominated by non-native trees such as African tulip, eucalyptus, banyan, rubber tree, mango and Norfolk Island pine; the wooded hillsides provide a lush backdrop to the campus.

A variety of non-native trees are also growing in the developed portion of the campus including monkeypod tree, shower tree, pink tecoma, royal poinciana, puakenikeni, paperbark, manila palm and areca palm. Many of these trees may have been planted in response to the Hawaiÿi Loa College – A Master Plan Report prepared by William L. Pereira & Associates which recommended the planting of such trees and palms for scale and texture, and for color, especially when seen from above.

Except for coconut and green ti, no emphasis was placed on the use of native Hawaiian or Polynesian-introduced plants in the original Master Plan. However, coconut palms, kukui and hala are quite prevalent on campus, especially near Atherton Field and along the road leading to the Academic Center.

Monkeypod trees most define the character of the campus due to their large, spreading canopies. These trees, coupled with the expansive lawns, wooded hillsides and dramatic views of the Koÿolau Mountains truly reflect the image of Hawaiÿi as a “paradise.”

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Appendix A - Landscape Design Strategies (continued) VISION

Hawaiian Sense of Place

The vision of the Hawaiÿi Loa Campus reflects three core Planning Principles: • Principle 1: Enhance the quality of education and scholarship at Hawaiÿi Pacific University • Principle 2: Create a vibrant campus community with residential life that supports excellence in teaching

and learning • Principle 3: Establish Hawaiian sense of place as the basis for sustainable campus development.

One of the three Planning Principles for the Hawaiÿi Loa Campus is the establishment of a Hawaiian sense of place.

This commitment demonstrates the University’s mission statement that “Hawaiÿi Pacific University is an international learning community set in the rich cultural context of Hawaiÿi.”

PLANNING GOALS The Planning Goals to fulfill the campus vision includes the use of “architectural and landscape strategies that meet sustainability standards and incorporate design principles with known success in Hawaiÿi, to create a campus that achieves significant: • Reduction in long-term maintenance • Reduced dependence on nonrenewable energy sources • Enhanced conservation and protection of natural resources, and • Respect for and enhancement of the inherent beauty of the campus.”

The character of the campus is derived in large part from the natural environment. Views of the Koÿolau Mountains should be maintained to retain the sense of place within the ahupuaÿa. The natural environment – major open spaces and mature trees - should also dominate, rather than the built environment.

Hawaiÿi’s mild semi-tropical climate allows for an indoor-outdoor relationship where the boundaries between buildings and landscape are indistinguishable; buildings are part of a series of spaces that are linked by greenery. Tree canopies should be maintained to provide shade, protection from the rain, and define outdoor rooms or spaces for gathering and socializing.

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Appendix A - Landscape Design Strategies (continued) The Hawaiÿi Loa Campus will “reflect the University’s spirit of aloha, commitment to global connections, and sense of community within and beyond the borders of the campus.” The landscape should therefore reflect not only the Hawaiian culture, but Hawaiÿi Pacific University’s global reach.

Emphasizing significant places of the campus help to create a Hawaiian identity. Memorial trees provide connections to places, people, and events that were important in the school’s history. Special effort should be given to protect and maintain these plantings.

Where new plantings are required and specific species are not needed for aesthetic consistency to create an extension of adjacent plantings or for educational purposes, native Hawaiian and Polynesian-introduced species should be considered first.

The use of native materials (such as ÿohiÿa wood, basalt, and moss rock), native design motifs that reflect the culture or nature, and artwork can all help to enhance the Hawaiian sense of place.

Sustainable Campus Development One of the three Planning Principles for the Hawaiÿi Loa Campus is sustainable campus development. This commitment is a natural expression of Hawaiian sense of place; the native Hawaiians approached life with respect and stewardship of the land. The following design strategies can help to conserve our natural resources.

Reduction in Long-term Maintenance The landscape design phase is the ideal time to make decisions that can greatly reduce maintenance cost. Maintenance can be reduced through the selection of appropriate landscaping material, siting, and installation. The following design concepts will help to minimize the amount of maintenance required: • • • • • • • •

• •

Install high-quality plant material of the appropriate size.

Use plants that are native, micro-climatically adapted, low maintenance and pest-resistant whenever possible.

Allow plants to conform to their natural shape. This allows the plant to mature in a healthy manner and saves on resources required for trimming.

Select plants that physically fit within the area to be landscaped, not only at the time of planting but during the entire life of the planting.

Do not plant trees where their branches will overhang roofs which can become damaged due to falling limbs and leaf litter.

Provide adequate clearance between trees and utility lines.

Limit higher maintenance shrubs and groundcovers to high impact areas.

Install a minimum 2’-wide gravel maintenance strip around the perimeter of buildings. The maintenance strip allows convenient maintenance of both the landscaping and the building, allows for increased air circulation around the building reducing humidity, provides for visual inspections for the entry points of insects and pests into the buildings, and keeps irrigation water away from the building.

Plant groundcovers or install mulch at slopes and shady areas where grass will not grow well.

For lawn areas where occasional service vehicle use is required, install reinforced grass paving to enable access, yet prevent soil compaction.

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Appendix A - Landscape Design Strategies (continued) Reduced Dependence on Nonrenewable Energy Sources

Respect For and Enhancement of the Inherent Beauty of the Campus

Reduce the heat island effects by shading pavement and structures: • Protect and maintain the existing tree canopy.

• Plant trees to protect west- and south-facing building exposures.

• Select and site trees to provide cover over walkways and parking areas.

• Plant trees of adequate size to provide shade from the beginning of occupancy, where possible.

Protection of Existing Trees: • At a minimum, protect the root zone and preserve the existing tree canopy.

• During construction, construct a minimum 42-inch high barrier around existing trees to remain.

• The following activities should be prohibited within the root protection zone:

o Operating or parking vehicles and heavy equipment.

o Storage of building materials, excavated spoils, or dumping of materials such as, but not limited to,

paint, concrete, petroleum products or any other material deleterious to tree health.

o Soil disturbance or grade change.

Install green roofs to: • Decrease energy consumption in the building.

• Reduce the heat island effect.

Use solar-powered irrigation controllers where feasible.

Enhanced Conservation and Protection of Natural Resources Install green roofs to: • Reduce stormwater volume and peak discharge rate.

• Improve air and water quality.

• Increase carbon dioxide absorption.

• Increase native plant communities and wildlife habitat.

Minimize irrigation water demand: • Create a water-efficient landscape through plant selection – with an emphasis on native species, where appropriate.

• Use water-efficient irrigation systems and devices such as drip irrigation, rain sensors and flow sensors.

• Use alternative water sources such as rainwater harvesting, gray water, storm water capture and re-use, and air conditioner condensate where feasible.

Age Diversity: To ensure age diversity, it is important to regularly plant, remove, and replace trees to avoid trees of the same size and age declining at the same time and creating costly maintenance problems.

Maximize permeable surfaces: • Incorporate landscaped areas into parking lots.

• Use reinforced grass paving for fire lanes and overflow parking lots.

• Use pervious concrete or pervious paver systems.

Invasive Species: In addition to enhancing the campus landscape, the surrounding natural landscape should be protected by encouraging plant selections that minimize the use of invasive and potentially invasive plant species. The State Department of Land & Natural Resources (DLNR), Division of Forestry & Wildlife’s (DOFAW) list of Hawaiÿi’s Most Invasive Horticultural Plants should be consulted.

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Appendix A - Landscape Design Strategies (continued) LANDSCAPE DESIGN CONCEPT The conceptual landscape design proposes to create a Hawaiian sense of place that reflects the rich cultural context of Hawaiÿi and the natural beauty of the campus. Native Hawaiian and Polynesian-introduced plants are proposed for “purposeful” landscaping where the plants can be used, studied and appreciated. Phase One includes the following major development components:

The proposed siting of the building will allow the existing large monkeypod trees to remain and to be protected during construction. To accurately reflect the location of the existing trees, a topographic survey will need to be completed as part of the design phase. A certified arborist should also be consulted to prepare a tree protection and preservation plan.

1. Academic Center II 2. Student Center 3.

Performing Arts Center and Gymnasium/Fitness Center 4.

Food Service Facilities 5. Residences Academic Center II The Academic Center II will be the focal point of the campus. The window treatment above the main entry will allow for reflections of the landscape, reinforcing the campus’ sense of place and dramatic natural setting.

Curvilinear moss rock walls will visually connect the building to the landscape, and will appear as natural rock outcroppings. Sculptures will be placed on the terraced lawn to further enhance the Hawaiian sense of place.

“An Evaluation of Five Native Plant Species for Use in Green Roofs and Storm Water Management in Hawaiÿi,” a thesis submitted to the Graduate Division of the University of Hawaiÿi in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Science in Botany, August 2008, by Leyla Cabugos.

A green roof is proposed for this building. It will not only have ecological benefits, but will also help the building harmonize with its natural setting as it can be seen from above, most notably from the Pali lookout.

The basic elements of green roofs include a vegetative layer, growing medium, filter cloth, drainage layer, water storage and aeration, root barrier, and waterproof membrane.

As green roof practices are not yet common in Hawaiÿi, and there are also few tropical or sub-tropical examples as well, test plots with different native plant species would likely be required to determine the best choices for long-lived material, coverage and minimal maintenance. Possible plants include Carex wahuensis, Sesuvium portulacastrum (‘Akulikuli), Dianella sandwicensis (ÿUkiÿuki), and Osteomeles anthyllidifolia (ÿUlei).

Medicinal plants are proposed around the Academic Center II as the Hawaiÿi Loa Campus is the home of the School of Nursing.

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Appendix A - Landscape Design Strategies (continued) Student Center Students from across the United States and the world attend Hawaiÿi Pacific University. To reflect the journey that these students have made to come to Hawaiÿi, a canoe plant theme garden - incorporating plants that the original Polynesian voyagers carried with them in their canoes – is proposed. Not knowing what they would find at their new home, the Polynesians brought with them plants that would provide for their basic necessities of food, medicine, clothing and cordage.

A plaza or student gathering area is proposed adjacent to the Student Center. A large canopy tree will serve as a backdrop, as well as screen for the Residences beyond.

Residences A meandering walkway will connect the Student Center to the Residences. To minimize the amount of impervious surfaces and provide a more pedestrian-oriented environment, reinforced grass paving is proposed for the required 20’-wide emergency access lane.

Outdoor gathering places are invaluable in student housing. They are an extension of the dorm room and provide additional places to study, meet, and socialize. Gathering spaces of varying sizes and seating options should be provided to accommodate a variety of group sizes. The outdoor areas should remain fairly open and flexible for multi-use functions.

As the existing Residences have Hawaiian names for trees and flowers – Melia, Lehua, Mokihana, ÿIlima, Lokelani and Kukui – the landscaping around the new Residences may include plants used in lei making to continue the theme.

Making a lei and giving it to someone is a gesture of aloha. Lei have come to be recognized as expressions of love, greeting, farewell, honor, and congratulations. While lei did have ceremonial functions in ancient Hawaiÿi, they are worn today more for personal adornment. They are made from one’s favorite plant material – both native and introduced species. Planting native plants used for lei helps to preserve native plant communities as the materials do not have to be gathered from natural areas.

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Appendix A - Landscape Design Strategies (continued) Dining Commons Multiple dining areas are proposed to provide a variety of dining options. Native Hawaiian and Polynesian-introduced plants that are edible, used in food preparation and used for utensils are proposed around the expanded Food Service facilities.

Performing Arts Center and Multi-Purpose Gymnasium As the two buildings will be quite large due to their function, green walls are proposed to soften the elevations of the buildings facing the parking lot. These walls will not only provide a connection to nature, but reduce the heat island effect and provide sound absorption.

Example of a green wall in Tokyo, Japan

These green walls could be green facades – wall systems where climbing plants or cascading ground covers are trained to cover supporting structures of either modular trellis systems or cable/rope wire systems – or living walls (aka, biowalls or vertical gardens) – pre-vegetated panels or integrated fabric systems that are affixed to a structural wall or frame.

As green walls are not yet common in Hawaiÿi, test plots with different native and introduced plant species would likely be required to determine the best choices for long-lived material, coverage and minimal maintenance, with a preference for native materials.

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Appendix A - Landscape Design Strategies (continued) Plants that are used in hula, to adorn hula altars, are symbolic of the hula goddesses Hi‘iaka and Laka, and are used in the making of musical instruments are proposed for the Performing Arts Center and the Multi-Purpose Gymnasium.

The landscape is not only meant to be looked at, but to be a source of native plant material, thereby helping to preserve native forests.

Introduced Species In addition to native Hawaiian and Polynesian-introduced plants, many of the exotics that are associated with Hawaiÿi should be planted. These are included because our Hawaiian sense of place is perceived not only through our culture, but our senses of sight, smell, touch, taste and sound. The fragrance of puakenikeni and lauaÿe fern, the striking colors and forms of gingers and heliconia, and the bold forms of monstera, should all be incorporated within the landscape.

Additional monkeypod trees should be planted along the entry drive and perimeter of the parking lot to reinforce the landscape character of the campus that is most defined by this tree.

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Appendix A - Landscape Design Strategies (continued) Irrigation System Rainwater Harvesting To conserve potable water, rainwater may be harvested from the roofs to use as irrigation water. Rainfall data will need to be reviewed as part of the design phase to determine the amount of available rainfall versus irrigation demand.

Rainfall harvested during the wetter winter months may need to be stored in tanks to make up for the deficit during the drier summer months. Filtration devices, to ensure cleanliness, and pumps would also be required.

Example of a rainwater catchment tank at Hawai每i Baptist Academy Middle School Campus Drip Irrigation Drip irrigation is another strategy for a water-efficient irrigation system. It can be used for ground cover beds, shrubs and even trees. However, a pressurized system is preferred for lawn areas to provide more even coverage.

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Appendix A - Landscape Design Strategies (continued) CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE : ACADEMIC CENTER II - MEDICINAL PLANTS

Acacia koa / Koa **

Pandanus tectorius / Hala *

Aleurites moluccana / Kukui ***

Detail of fruit

Saccharum officinarum / Detail of stalks Ko (Sugar Cane) ***

CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE : STUDENT CENTER - CANOE PLANTS

Detail of leaves, flowers and fruit

Syzygium malaccense / ÿOhiÿa ÿai ***

Cocos nucifera / Niu (Coconut Palm)***

Detail of fruit

Cordyline fruticosa / Ki (Ti) ***

Morinda citrifolia / Noni

Cibotium chamissoi / Hapuÿu **

Zingiber zerumbet / ÿAwapuhi kuahiwi (Shampoo Ginger) ***

Fagraea berteriana / Puakenikeni

Morinda citrifolia / Noni ***

Pandanus tectorius / Hala *

Detail of flower (hinano)

Cocos nucifera / Niu (Coconut Palm) ***

Bambusa spp. / ÿOhe (Bamboo) ***

Detail of flower

Plumeria spp. / Plumeria

Detail of flower

Cordyline fruticosa / Ki (Ti) ***

Musa spp. / Maiÿa (Banana)

Detail of fruit

Detail of Leaves

Artocarpus altilis / ÿUlu (Breadfruit) ***

Bambusa spp. / ÿOhe (Bamboo) ***

Detail of Fruit Syzygium malaccense / ÿOhiÿa ÿai (Mountain Apple)

Alocasia macrorrhiza / ÿApe (Elephant’s Ear) ***

Cocos nucifera / Niu (Coconut Palm) ***

Thespesia populnea / Milo ***

Colocasia esculenta / Kalo (Taro) ***

Cordyline fruticosa / Ki (Ti) ***

CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE : PERFORMING ARTS CENTER AND MULTI-PURPOSE GYMNASIUM - HULA & MUSIC INSTRUMENTS

Detail of leaves, flowers and fruit

Dodonaea viscosa / ÿAÿaliÿi * Dianella sandwicensis / ÿUkiÿuki *

Detail of leaves, flowers and fruit

Musa spp. / Maiÿa (Banana) ***

Broussonetia papyrifera / Wauke ***

CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE : RESIDENCES - LEI MAKING

Aleurites moluccana / Kukui ***

Aleurites moluccana / Kukui ***

Microlepia strigosa / Palapalai *

Microsorium polypodium / Lauaÿe Iki

Cordyline fruticosa / Ki (Ti) ***

Cocos nucifera / Niu (Coconut Palm)

Syzygium malaccense / ÿOhiÿa ÿai ***

Asplenium nidus / ‘Ekaha (Bird’s Nest

Microlepia strigosa / Palapalai Fern *

Metrosideros polymorpha / ÿOhiÿa lehua **

Broussonetia papyrifera / Wauke ***

Osteomeles anthyllidifolia / ÿUlei *

Detail of leaves

* Indiginous Species *** Endemic Species *** Polynesian Introduction

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Appendix A - Landscape Design Strategies (continued) CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE : DINING COMMONS - EDIBLE PLANTS, FOOD PREPARATION AND UTENSILS

Aleurites moluccana / Kukui ***

Detail of leaves, flowers and fruit

Artocarpus altilis / ÿUlu (Breadfruit) ***

Thespesia populnea / Milo ***

Detail of fruit and flower

Cocos nucifera / Niu (Coconut Palm) ***

Alocasia macrorrhiza / ÿApe (Elephant’s Ear) ***

Colocasia esculenta / Kalo (Taro) ***

Pandanus tectorius / Hala *

Cordyline fruticosa / Ki (Ti) ***

Detail of fruit

Musa spp. / Maiÿa (Banana) ***

CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE : SHRUBS AND GROUND COVERS

Syzygium malaccense / ‘Ohi’a ‘ai (Mountain Apple)

Saccharum officinarum / Ko (Sugar Cane) ***

Detail of stalk

Alpinia purpurata / Red Ginger

Alpinia speciosa / Shell Ginger

Alpinia spp. / ÿKimiÿ Dark Pink Ginger

Heliconia caribaea / Giant Red Heliconia

Heliconia caribaea / Giant Yellow Heliconia

Nicolaia elatior / Torch Ginger

Cordyline fruticosa / Ki (Ti) ***

Cordyline spp. / Red Ti

Gardenia brighamii / Naÿu (Native Gardenia) **

Hibiscus arnottianus / Kokiÿo Keÿokeÿo **

Monstera deliciosa / Monstera

Osteomeles anthyllidifolia / ÿUlei *

Dianella sandwicensis / ÿUkiÿuki *

Microlepia strigosa / Palapalai *

Microsorium polypodium / Laua’e Iki (Dwarf Lauaÿe)

Microsorium polypodium / Lauaÿe Fern

Bacopa monnieri / ÿAeÿae (Bacopa) *

Osteomeles anthyllidifolia / ÿUlei *

Carex wahuensis **

Nephrolepis cordifolia / Kupukupu *

CONCEPTUAL LANDSCAPE PLANT PALETTE : TREES AND PALMS

Aleurites moluccana / Kukui ***

Detail of leaves, flow-

Pandanus tectorius / Hala *

Cassia x nealiae / “Queen’s Hospital White” Shower

Detail of Rainbow Shower flower

Fagraea berteriana / Puakenikeni

Araucaria heterophylla / Norfolk Island Pine

Cocos nucifera / Niu (Coconut Palm) ***

Pritchardia spp. / Loulu **

Detail of flower (hinano)

Thespesia populnea /

Detail of flower

Milo ***

Detail of fruit and flower

Samanea saman / Monkeypod

Ravenala madagascariensis / Traveller’s Tree

* Indiginous Species *** Endemic Species *** Polynesian Introduction

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings CIVIL ENGINEERING 1.

ASSESSMENT

Prepared by: Belt Collins Hawaiÿi Ltd.

2153 North King Street, Suite 200

Honolulu, HI 96819-4554 Tel: 808 521-5361* Fax: 808 538-7819 Web: http://www.beltcollins.com General Site Observations From the available information, it appears that the Hawaiÿi Loa Campus was developed in two increments. Construction drawings dated 1969 address the southern side of the campus, including the Academic Center (library) and associated driveways, utilities, and drainage. Drawings for the northern side of the campus are dated 1972, and include the Dining Commons (cafeteria), Residences, sewage treatment plant, and associated driveways, utilities, and drainage.

Water Supply The HPU campus is connected to the City and County of Honolulu (City) Board of Water Supply (BWS) for domestic and fire protection water service. The service elevation is 500 feet above mean sea level as supplied by the BWS Luluku and Maunawili Reservoirs. Based on the reservoir elevation, the service elevation in the upper portions of the campus would be about 65 pounds per square inch, which is within the BWS Standards and plumbing code guidelines. No pressure problems were reported during the information gathering sessions.

According to BWS record plans dated November 2008, an 8x2 FM meter connected into the BWS 12-inch diameter main on Kamehameha Highway supplies the campus. A BWS reduced pressure backflow preventer is also in place after the meter.

After the meter, a 12-inch diameter line, generally following the driveway to the Academic Center, serves as the primary campus distribution line. This line was installed with plans dated September 2006, replacing an 8-inch diameter line installed in 1969.

An existing conditions plan is included at the end of the civil engineering analysis. The plan was prepared from the available record drawings obtained from Hawaiÿi Pacific University (HPU), Board of Water Supply, and the Gas Company. While the plan is adequate for conceptual design, it is recommended that a topographic survey of the site be completed for construction documents.

An 8-inch diameter branch just below the Academic Center extends through the open campus area to the Residences area. From the driveway intersection below the Residences area, a 2-inch diameter line extends to the maintenance facility and wastewater treatment plant. Above the junction of the 12- and 8-inch diameter lines, a 6-inch diameter branch extends upslope to the Academic Center.

Roadways The campus is accessed from Kamehameha Highway. The highway in the area is under jurisdiction of the State Department of Transportation (DOT). The campus driveway is located at the eastern side of the campus, directly opposite the driveway to the City’s Pali Golf Course. Into the campus, the driveway intersection is channelized with a left turn lane from east-bound lanes, and a right turn lane from the west-bound lanes. There is also a channelized lane to exit the campus in the west bound direction.

There are four on-site fire hydrants within the campus. HFD criteria require a hydrant within 150 feet of a building, unless the building has a fire sprinkler system. Because there are no fire sprinklers in the existing buildings, additional hydrants will need to be installed as improvements to the campus are undertaken. The campus plan should be reviewed with HFD relative to access and fire hydrant coverage to ensure their requirement are met as the Master Plan is implemented.

The on-site campus driveways provide access to the parking lots and buildings for loading/service areas. Emergency vehicle access is also provided by the existing driveways, which meet the minimum 20-foot wide criteria. A paved fire lane provides emergency vehicle access to the existing modular buildings from the Dining Commons. Based on the existing driveways and fire lane, the campus meets the current Honolulu Fire Department (HFD) criteria to have a fire department access road within 150 feet for every facility.

The driveway pavements were observed to be in good condition. Tree roots appeared to be well controlled with no associated pavement damage observed. Speed bumps and crosswalks are in place for traffic safety. From the observations made drainage of the driveways appears to be adequate, with only minor areas of ponding observed.

Gas Gas service to the campus is supplied from on-site gas tanks. Based on record drawings from the Gas Company and from information provided by an HPU official, a 2,000-gallon tank serves the existing Dining Commons and Residences. A 120-gallon tank serves science laboratories in the Academic Center building.

Wastewater The campus has an on-site wastewater treatment plant, which serves the entire campus. State Department of Health (DOH) records indicate that the plant is currently in operation.

The plans for the wastewater treatment plant are for the plant to be abandoned with campus flows conveyed by a

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued) future sewage lift station to the City’s system. Plans for the sewage lift station and associated force main have been prepared and approved by the City, with a contractor selected for the work. The current schedule is for work to begin in March 2009 with completion in July 2009. The point of connection for the pumping station force main to the City’s system is the Halekou sewage pumping station on Kamehameha Highway at Kahiko Street.

The record drawings indicate that the sewer main into the existing plant is 10-inch diameter. At the Residences driveway intersection, this main branches off to a 10-inch diameter line that extends along the lower campus driveway to the parking lot below the Academic Center. The four downslope Residences discharge to this line, with no additional connections between this junction and the parking lot. At the west side of the parking lot, a 6-inch diameter line connects to the Academic Center to the 10-inch diameter line. The 10-inch diameter line was apparently installed along the lower driveway in anticipation of campus expansion.

From the Residences driveway intersection, an 8-inch diameter line is routed along the upper driveway to the Dining Commons. This line also serves the upper two Residences. A 4-inch diameter sewer line extends to the modular buildings beyond the Dining Commons loading dock.

Drainage and Grading Mamalahoa Stream originates within the campus. This intermittent stream is fed by runoff from upslope portions of the campus as well as a series of channels originating within the Pali Golf Course and highway inlets. The pipe culverts cross beneath Kamehameha Highway at various locations with differing types of drainage structures. The record drawings show that all of the culverts existed at the time of initial site development in 1969. It is noted that the record DOT drawings do not show any easements for culvert improvements extending into the campus beyond the Kamehameha Highway right-of-way.

The campus is in a Federal Emergency Management Agency flood hazard Zone D, which is an area where flood hazards are undetermined. Under the City Land Use Ordinance, Zone D is not considered a special flood hazard district.

Runoff from the Oneawa Hills behind the north side of the campus and Academic Center is captured in cutoff ditches and inlets (Photos 1 and 2). From these drainage structures, the collected runoff is conveyed in drain lines or surface flows that eventually outlet below the lower campus driveway into Mamalahoa Stream.

Photo 1

Photo 2

Runoff from the southern side of the campus and from the area below the Academic Center south of the main staircase collects in the existing soccer field.

The soccer field gently slopes towards the western corner, where runoff is discharged into a 12’ x 8’ culvert (Photo 3). The culvert outlets to a grassed channel on the east side of the softball field at the origin of Mamalahoa Stream.

A 42-inch diameter pipe headwall discharges water from the Pali Golf Course onto the soccer field. This headwall is located about midway along the west side of the field. Discharges from this culvert flow along the south side edge of the field to the 12’ x 8’ culvert.

Runoff from the north portion of the campus is piped beneath the lower campus driveway to the area above the tennis courts and discharges to Mamalahoa Stream. Record drawings show two culverts, a 24-inch and a 36-inch diameter, on the east and west side of the intersection with the upper campus driveway, respectively, with a third crossing by an approximate 6-ft x 4-ft pipe arch by the maintenance facility. A set of drainage pipes was also observed on

Photo33

Photo44

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued) site which appears to convey runoff through a berm near the tennis courts (Photo 4); record drawings of these pipes were not provided. Ultimately, all runoff collected in or discharged to the campus reaches Mamalahoa Stream, which

Emergency Vehicle Access Requirements The current design criteria for emergency vehicle access are as follows:

exits the site to the west of the existing treatment plant.

2. CIVIL PRELIMINARY DESIGN CONCEPTS General Considerations The existing and conceptual site utility plans are included at the end of the civil engineering assessment. The conceptual grading plan was included in the Building Systems and Infrastructure section of the main report.

Approximate pipe sizes are shown on the plans. Once the demands for the proposed campus expansion are identified, the required utility line sizes (water, sewer, gas, and drainage) will be confirmed. Based on the available information, the existing utility water and sewer lines should be adequate to support the proposed campus expansion. The drain and gas lines will be subject to further evaluation based on the final facility layout and demands, respectively.

The locations of the new Student Center and Academic Center conflict with existing water, sewer, and drain lines.

Where conflicts occur, utilities will be rerouted or reconnected to accommodate the new buildings.

Traffic The existing driveway access should be evaluated to determine if any improvements to the intersection are needed to support the proposed campus expansion. If the existing intersection is not adequate, an additional access from Kamehameha Highway on the west side of campus would be considered. The additional access would be an extension of the existing wastewater treatment plant driveway. A traffic study would be needed to evaluate the existing intersection and if needed, to evaluate the alternative of an additional access driveway.

Note that DOT will require evaluating signalization of the existing driveway intersection as part of the traffic study.

Based on current DOT policy, evaluating a roundabout is also necessary. If an additional campus intersection with the highway is required, acquisition of an access permitted from DOT, with associated payment will be required.

Item

Criteria

Basis

Width Turning Radius Back-up Distance Vertical Clearance Surfacing

Fire Hydrant Location

20 feet minimum Uniform Fire Code 42 feet minimum Honolulu Fire Department 150 feet maximum Uniform Fire Code 13’-6” minimum Honolulu Fire Department concrete/asphalt/ grass cell Honolulu Fire Department 150 feet from building (unless building has a fire sprinkler)

Honolulu Fire Department

Fire Department Conn.

20 feet from the fire lane and 25 to 40 feet from fire hydrant

Honolulu Fire Department

An additional 20’-wide emergency access lane with reinforced grass paving is proposed, which would be located between the existing and proposed Residences. This proposed driveway will be designed to allow access by emergency vehicles only, with the fire hydrants and fire department connections located along it in accordance with HFD criteria.

Water Supply Water supply improvements will include water service to the new buildings and additional fire hydrants. Water service to the proposed Residences will be tapped from the existing 8-inch water line extending across the upper campus. An additional water line will be installed on the south side of the campus, providing service to the proposed Performing Arts Center and Multi-Purpose Gymnasium.

Fire hydrants along the driveway between the new Residences will be added in accordance with HFD requirements.

Separate water line taps for fire department connections and sprinkler systems are not shown in the conceptual plan, but can be added as needed to support the new buildings.

The Board of Water Supply will not commit to water service for any facility until the building permit application is submitted. However, at this time there are currently no water restrictions in the campus area and it is anticipated that

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued) BWS will be able to meet the mater plan water demands of the proposed development.

the channels, flow will be conveyed to Mamalahoa Stream.

An assessment of the existing and master planned water demands will need to be completed to verify that the existing water meter can continue to serve the ultimate campus development. Payment of water system facilities charges will also need to be made as the new facilities are occupied. In order to receive facilities charge credit for plumbing fixtures removed, such as hose bibbs at the wastewater treatment plant to be abandoned, drawings or plans indicating the location, number and type of plumbing fixture will need to be submitted to BWS.

The existing drainage structures discharging into the campus from the highway will continue to be accommodated.

Consideration should be given to preparing easements for the improvements outside the right-of-way along with assigning maintenance and legal responsibilities.

Gas Gas service will be required for the proposed Student Center and Academic Center. Once the demands are identified for these new buildings, it can be determined if the existing gas tanks can be used or if additional tanks will be needed.

As a public utility, the Gas Company will undertake improvements, upgrades and expansion of the synthetic natural gas system for projects as requested to accommodate the demands, recovering costs through their tariff structure.

Wastewater Service The master planned sewer system extends the 8-inch and 10-inch lines along the upper and lower campus driveways to serve the proposed new facilities. The 8-inch line will be extended to serve three of the proposed Residences. The 10-inch line will be extended to service the rest of the proposed buildings.

Based on discussions with the pumping station’s designer, the proposed Master Plan development was considered in sizing of the wet well and force main. Replacement of the pumps with larger units may be needed at some point as flows to the station increase.

A wastewater facility charge will also be required for the new buildings constructed on campus.

Grading and Drainage The buildings to be located at the upper portion of the campus are proposed to be protected by cutoff channels and terraced slopes. The proposed grading scheme provides a slope from the base of the hill to the finished floor of the proposed buildings. The slope behind the buildings will be a maximum of 2:1 (horizontal to vertical), with benches for slopes over 15 feet in height in accordance with City ordinances. Actual grading of the area is to be based on the geotechnical report completed for the specific improvements, with the recommendations followed as appropriate. If needed or desired, retaining walls may be used in place of graded slopes.

The intent of the proposed drainage is to direct storm runoff to the existing drainage structures within the same drainage basins as under existing conditions. Runoff from the Oneawa Hills will be intercepted by channels along the top of the proposed terraced slopes. The channels will also capture runoff from the intermediate benches. From

Under the proposed campus expansion, the soccer field would be filled with approximately 60,000 cubic yards of soil materials to provide a new parking lot. Under this proposed improvement, the existing surface drainage would be conveyed in a new underground system with drain manholes and inlets. The system would connect to the existing 12’ x 8’ culvert for ultimate discharge to Mamalahoa Stream. Further study will be needed to size the proposed drain lines, and ensure that the same rate of discharge leaves the campus as under existing conditions. Also, channels and swales conveying surface runoff should be further evaluated as alternatives to underground pipes.

The new buildings are anticipated to generate more runoff than under existing conditions. Because the City requires that runoff under proposed conditions be less or equal than the amount generated under existing conditions, a detention basin near the existing softball field is proposed. While the proposed basin is shown within the master planned campus area, it could be located anywhere within the University property.

The proposed filling, detention basin construction, and site grading in the area of Mamalahoa Stream will require a U.S. Army Corps of Engineer (USACE) determination to see if they have jurisdiction over work within the waterway.

The USACE requires a permit for any filling of the waters of the United States of America (Section 404, Clean Water Act). If a Section 404 Permit is required, then Section 401, Water Quality Certification, is also required. The Hawaiÿi Department of Health is the regulatory authority for Section 401. A field evaluation to document evidence of a stream and/or wetlands in the project area will be needed for the USACE jurisdictional determination. If the USACE determines they do not have jurisdiction, then no USACE permit or Section 401 Certification would be required.

A Stream Channel Alteration Permit from the State Department of Land and Natural Resources would not be required for work within the stream. Based on the information provided by Belt Collins to the Commission on Water Resource Management (Commission), a Stream Channel Alteration Permit (SCAP) will not be required to be submitted for the proposed conceptual planning for HPU because the Commission has determined that Mamalahoa Stream is an intermittent stream where aquatic resources have not been identified.

It is uncertain what type of material and subsurface conditions will be encountered with the campus expansion, although clayey silts were noted in some of the available boring logs for the campus. A geotechnical investigation for new facilities should be complete prior to the start of construction documents to address specific site soil conditions.

For example, since the existing soccer field will be filled by a large quantity of soil, surcharging may be recommended

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued) for proper soil stability in construction of the new parking lot.

The grades at the new parking lot and roads near the Academic Center will be limited by existing conditions. Existing drainage pipes and headwalls will be used to convey runoff from upslope areas. The proposed grading should be done to provide adequate cover for the existing structures. In addition, grading will need to consider grades at existing roads such as at the new parking lot.

Other Issues New Residences are proposed at the same location of the existing modular buildings. The modular buildings will need to be demolished or relocated before construction of the new buildings.

Cost Considerations The major cost components of the identified civil/site improvements under the campus Master Plan will be the earthwork, storm drainage system and paving. Estimated earthwork quantities are 94,000 cubic yards for embankment and 97,000 cubic yards for excavation. While the proposed terracing along the base of the Oneawa Hills will provide soil materials, it is likely that the materials will be clayey and possibly expansive and will be unsuitable for structural fill. Such materials could possibly be used in deeper fills, however, there may be limited opportunity for on-site use based on the conceptual grading plan. The implementation costs will thus need to consider on-site poor quality soil disposal as well as import of suitable fill materials. The suitability of the on-site soils as fill materials will need to be further evaluated as the Master Plan is implemented.

Because of existing off-site storm water conveyed to Mamalahoa Stream within the campus, the cost for redirecting these discharges will need to be borne as part of the Master Plan improvements.

Intercepting the 10-ft x 10-ft box and 42-inch diameter pipe culverts on the eastern side of the campus will be costly and consideration should be given to reassessing the proposed parking lot layout to possibly retain the open channel flow conditions. One possible consideration would be to place the proposed detention basin at the off-site drainage structure outlets and use the identified basin location along the lower campus driveway for additional parking.

As noted above, some of the proposed piped drain lines also need to be further evaluated to determine if a less costly open channel system could be used. Given the existing ground slopes, however, it is likely that the channels would have to be lined, thereby making their use only slightly more cost competitive than a piped system.

With the recent experience in oil price fluctuations the cost of asphalt concrete paving has escalated to all-time highs, with no significant decrease in price occurring as crude oil and gasoline prices have dropped. The estimated area of paving under the Master Plan is 23,700 square yards.

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued)

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued)

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued) ELECTRICAL SYSTEMS

Prepared by: Lincolne Scott

1132 Bishop St. Suite 1850

Honolulu, HI 96813 Tel: 808 536-1737* Fax: 808 537-5829 Web: http://www.lincolnescott.com

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hawaiÿi Pacific University is planning an expansion of its Hawaiÿi Loa Campus located in Käneÿohe. The expansion includes the addition of Residences, Academic Center, Student Center, Performing Arts Auditorium and MultiPurpose Gymnasium. The electrical and telecommunication system infrastructure has been reviewed with a new overhead system proposed to address the site restrictions and additional building electrical and telecommunication requirements.

The existing primary electrical system serving the existing Academic Center and Dining Commons are at the end of its service life and is in need of replacement in the short term.

The primary electrical system will consist of an overhead line system and pad mount transformers that will service each of the buildings or a cluster of buildings.

The buildings will utilize sustainable strategies to maximize daylighting, use of energy ultra high efficient lighting and power, and renewable energy through photovoltaic panels and wind turbines.

ELECTRICAL SERVICE DISTRIBUTION Existing System Hawaiÿi Pacific University – Hawaiÿi Loa campus receives power from Hawaiian Electric Company (HECo). The campus generally is served by an incoming overhead 12.47kV high voltage power that is distributed underground throughout the campus. The primary distribution system consists of two high voltage feeders that service the campus structures. The upper campus feeder serves the Academic Center and the lower campus feeder serves the modular buildings, Dining Commons, and Residences.

There are three customer-owned pad-mounted transformers located at the Academic Center, modular buildings, and Dining Commons. The original campus was constructed in the early 1970s that consisted of the Academic Center, Dining Commons, and Residences. The electrical equipment installed at these buildings is past its service life and will

Academic Center transformer and new primary switch need to be replaced in the short term. Equipment replacement has recently been required for the Academic Center primary switch with future replacements being considered for the Academic Center transformer and Dining Commons primary switch and transformer that show signs of major enclosure corrosion.

The portable building transformer was recently installed roughly in 2004 and visually appears to be in good condition.

The existing guard shack and tennis court area are served by HECo pole-mounted transformers.

Proposed System The majority of the existing underground ductline will be affected by the site footprints of the new dormitory buildings and student center that will require relocation. The proposed redistribution route will be along the existing campus roadway. The proposed distribution will begin underground along the new Academic Center and Sculpture Garden.

The distribution will convert back into an overhead system and continue along the existing campus roadway. A partial overhead system is being proposed initially for cost feasibility. However the overhead lines can be converted to underground that follows the same route along the roadway in the future.

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued) The overhead primary service lines will provide service to pad-mounted transformers. Transformers are proposed as

TELECOMMUNICATION SERVICE DISTRIBUTION

follows: Telecommunication services are served from the same service points as the electrical system described above. The new distribution system would also be served form the same overhead route as the electrical service.

The campus local area network will also need an infrastructure system. The proposed underground infrastructure system would initially link the new Academic Center where the new data center is located, to both the existing Academic Center and the new Student Center. Stub out provisions for expansion to link the other buildings will also be included.

Utility Metering System HPU is presently primary metered which requires the facilities to install and maintain the primary electrical equipment and duct line system. Although the electrical billing rate for primary metering is less than secondary metering, HPU may want to consider secondary metering to reduce the initial installation and operating costs for the primary electrical equipment.

Telephone service cabinet

HECo Primary Meter

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued) ELECTRICAL SUSTAINABLE STRATEGIES Building Lighting The use of natural daylight will be promoted and be utilized in as many spaces to the best extent possible. Maximizing windows on the north and south building walls will provide ideal daylighting opportunities. Where minimizing windows on the east and west building walls cannot be avoided, the use of exterior shades will help eliminate unwanted daylight glare.

New lighting fixtures will primarily utilize fluorescent T8 or T5 lamps.

Fluorescent light fixtures will have manual controls but also will incorporate dimmable ballasts and integral daylight sensors to dim the lamps in response to natural light available in the space. Non normally occupied spaces will utilize occupancy sensors to atomically turn off the lights when the rooms are not in use.

LED light fixtures will also be considered where appropriate such as at light coves and accent lighting.

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued) Exterior fixtures will be fully shielded and have full cutoff lighting distribution to prevent glare into nearby buildings and prevent light spilling into the night sky. Parking lots, landscape, roadways, and sporting fields used at night, will be illuminated per Illumination Engineering Society of North America (IES) recommended levels. The lighting layout will simultaneously highlight key pedestrian areas in order to promote use of the outdoor spaces by the student body while also providing sufficient ambient illumination to ensure students and the buildings have a sense of safety and security.

Building Power Power correcting capacitors will be provided for large inductive loads primarily at the Central Utility Plant.

The use of Energy Star-rated equipment is recommend to help in reducing energy consumption.

Renewable Power The new buildings can be fitted for photovoltaic (PV) panels on the roof and over the on-site parking. The panels would be connected to the main switchboard at each building with an average production of 10 watts per square foot per panel, these panels will annually produce clean renewable electricity for consumption by the buildings.

An alternate location would be the area above campus for a PV farm that would directly tie into the campus electrical grid.

In addition to demonstrate the potential of wind energy, the University may want to consider vertical axis wind turbines located with the PV panels. The advantage of wind power is the unlimited window of energy production as compared to an average product window of 6 hours for PV panels.

(4) 500 Watt staked Vertical Access Wind Turbines

20 Megawatt PV Farm in Spain (247 Acres)

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued)

Drawing Prepared by : Lincolne Scott

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued)

Drawing Prepared by : Lincolne Scott

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued)

Drawing Prepared by : Lincolne Scott

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued) EXISTING MECHANICAL SYSTEMS MECHANICAL SYSTEMS

Prepared by: Lincolne Scott

1132 Bishop St. Suite 1850

Honolulu, HI 96813 Tel: 808 536-1737* Fax: 808 537-5829 Web: http://www.lincolnescott.com

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Hawaiÿi Pacific University is planning an expansion of its Hawaiÿi Loa Campus located in Käneÿohe. The expansion includes the addition of Residences, Academic Center, Student Center, Performing Arts Auditorium, and MultiPurpose Gymnasium. The mechanical system infrastructure has been reviewed and new systems are proposed to address the sustainable objectives of this project.

Air Conditioning The existing Academic Center is served by rooftop, air-cooled packaged units. The units were manufactured in 1993 and are showing signs of significant deterioration. The condenser coils are corroding, causing some units to trip due to high head pressure, as noted by the service contractor. Continued operation in this manner will lead to premature failure of the compressors. Also, the support frames are deteriorating, requiring additional supports to be added.

Based on the assessment performed on January 28, 2009, these air conditioning units have 1-3 years of service life remaining. Further, the numerous support framing and ductwork penetrations may be contributing to leaks through the roof membrane.

The existing Dining Commons is served by ducted split systems with the condensing units mounted on the roof. These units were also manufactured in 1993, and showing some signs of corrosion, although not as significant as the rooftop packaged units serving the Academic Center. The remaining service life is anticipated to be 3-5 years.

The existing Residences do not have any air conditioning systems.

The existing air conditioning system serving the Academic Center is at the end of its service life and is in need of replacement within the next few years. The existing air conditioning system serving the Dining Commons is in better shape and could operate another 3-5 years.

The air conditioning load for the Academic Centers, Student Center, and Performing Arts Center is approximated at 500 tons. No air conditioning is planned for the Residences and the Multi-Purpose Gymnasium. With a concentrated load at the Academic Centers, the use of chilled beams for cooling and outside air pretreatment using dessicants for superior energy efficiency is recommended. Further, a displacement ventilation system is recommended for the Performing Arts Center for higher energy efficiency and improved indoor air quality.

For the buildings without air conditioning, maximizing thermal comfort by optimizing the building envelope to reduce heat gain is recommended, as well as incorporating techniques to maximize air movement through crossventilation and ceiling fans.

Plan will also include minimizing water consumption and wastewater discharge by use of ultra-high efficiency plumbing fixtures, and minimizing energy use with thermal solar water heating systems.

Figure 1 – Academic Center A/C

Figure 2 – Dining Hall A/C

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued) Plumbing The sanitary drainage system currently discharges by gravity into an existing wastewater treatment center on campus.

The campus will be connected to the City & County of Honolulu sewer by summer 2009.

There were no current problems reported with the potable water distribution.

Fire Protection The buildings are currently not provided with fire sprinklers.

PROPOSED MECHANICAL SYSTEMS Air Conditioning The existing air conditioning system serving the Academic Center is currently not performing adequately. The service contractor indicated conditions of trips due to high head caused by the corroding condensers in the summer, and trips on load head due to cold return air temperatures. The cause may likely be short-circuiting from the supply distribution to the return air plenum. Further, air-cooled packaged units are not energy-efficient and normally perform worse when near the end of their service life.

The campus expansion seeks to provide cutting-edge, sustainable concepts in its design. The design will seek to exceed ASHRAE 90.1-2004 requirements for energy efficiency and to this end, the following strategies should be considered:

Figure 3 – Vertical Sidefins A chilled-beam system (see Figure 4) with water-cooled chillers for comfort cooling and desiccant-based equipment for dehumidification is proposed for this project as the most energy efficient central system. The comfort cooling strategy will be to utilize high-efficiency, water-cooled chillers with magnetic bearing centrifugal compressors (Turbocor). This type of chiller has higher energy efficiencies due to reduced friction losses in the compressor. Unlike a conventional system, the chilled beams do not require 42-45˚F chilled water supply temperatures. Supply temperatures may be higher than 55˚F because they provide only temperature reduction without any dehumidification. This type of system is recommended for the Academic Center and the Student Center. The Student Center may also utilize a combination of conventional and chilled-beam technology.

1. Air conditioning load reduction strategies in order to minimize heat gain into conditioned spaces. Generally, the site plan has oriented the buildings with north toward 45˚ west from plan north.

a. Consider a combination of horizontal overhangs and vertical sidefins that would be oriented along a north-south axis wherever possible for all exterior glazing. This would be effective at reducing direct solar gain during morning and afternoon hours, while still allowing daylighting.

b. Exceed maximum Solar Heat Gain Coefficient (SHGCs) requirements on exterior glazing and fenestration.

c. Exceed minimum R-values for opaque walls.

2. Incorporate effective daylighting strategies to minimize artificial lighting use without introducing direct solar penetration which increases solar heat gain and uncomfortable glare.

3. Incorporate a high-efficiency air conditioning system with a decoupled dehumidification strategy.

Figure 4 - Active Chilled-Beam Operation

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued) The use of a displacement air conditioning system is recommended for the Performing Arts Center. This type of system delivers air at low velocity and low level, filling the occupied space similar to water filling a bathtub (see figure 5).

This type of air distribution uses thermal gradients caused by heat sources within the room, such as the occupants.

Because only the occupied area will be air conditioned, there is no need to condition the entire room volume.

Therefore energy is conserved, and this system can also improve indoor air quality at the same time.

Dehumidification is handled by a chemical process in lieu of a refrigeration process to absorb moisture from the outside air. This is an important strategy, because moisture is removed at the source, which is the outside air required for proper ventilation within the conditioned space. Previously, desiccant equipment required a high-temperature heat source in order to regenerate the desiccant wheel, however technology exists that now utilizes the waste heat from a self-contained refrigeration system to regenerate the desiccant wheel. This combination of technologies allows the dehumidification to consume nearly 30% less energy.

In order to achieve a higher level of indoor environmental quality, the following strategies should also be incorporated: 1. Increase the outside air quantity by an additional 30% compared to ASHRAE 62.1 – 2004.

2. Incorporate carbon dioxide monitoring in intermittent occupancy spaces and outside airflow monitoring within the building automation system.

Preliminary loads for air conditioning are as follows:

The central plant is anticipated to be located adjacent to the service road between the Performing Arts and Academic Center (see drawing on page 56).

Figure 5 – Displacement Ventilation

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued) The wet environment in Käneÿohe may contribute to humidity-related concerns, which may include premature corrosion or mold. While there are many causes of excessive mold growth, opportunities can be minimized by incorporating the following strategies:

2. Maximize natural ventilation by: a. Utilizing single-loaded Residences to allow maximum ventilation cross-flow. b. Maximize openable windows with jalousie or awning type.

1. Remove the largest contributor of moisture to an occupied space, which is ventilation air and infiltration. This is accomplished by our current strategy of a dedicated outside air dehumidification system, which would also positively pressurize the building to minimize infiltration, or unintended outside air entering the building.

2. Ultraviolet lights may be incorporated within the air-handling equipment to kill mold spores entrained in the air stream.

3. Consider a duct cleaning maintenance plan to remove dust and debris on a periodic basis.

4. Consider the use of tea-tree oil within the air-handling equipment which acts as a mild antiseptic and assists with the elimination of mold.

3. Utilizing ceiling fans to circulate air and increase air velocity. This can significantly increase comfort during warmer months.

Thermal Comfort For spaces without air conditioning, such as the Residences, the building design should incorporate the following strategies: 1. Minimize solar heat gain by: a. Increasing insulation levels in roofs (min. R-30) and walls (min. R-13). b. Incorporate overhangs and vertical sidefins to eliminate direct solar penetration while allowing daylight. This helps to minimize the use of artificial lights on the interior. (see Figure 6).

Water The overall objective is to minimize potable water consumption and wastewater discharge. Preliminary considerations include: • Plumbing Fixtures o Consider the use of waterless urinals for the men’s bathroom. o Utilize dual-flush valves for toilets. o Utilize low-flow sensor faucets (0.5 gpm) for the lavatories. o Should a changing room and shower be provided for faculty or students bicycling, a low-flow shower should be considered.

• Rainwater Harvesting – The site receives regular rainfall and if a use can be determined, such as for flushing fixtures or hydro-electric generation, rainwater harvesting may be a viable option.

Domestic Water Heating Thermal solar collectors utilize solar energy directly to heat hot water and are highly efficient. Gas-fired hot water heaters will be utilized as backup.

Automatic Fire Sprinklers Based on a preliminary code analysis with the 2006 International Building Code, it appears that fire sprinklers would be required for all buildings.

Figure 6 – Air Movement

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Appendix B - Engineering Reports & Diagrammatic Drawings (continued)

Drawing Prepared by : Lincolne Scott

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MARCH 2009

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS HAWAIÿI PACIFIC UNIVERSITY Long-Range Planning Committee

PROJECT TEAM Charrette Participants (continued)

William Aull , Chairman of the HPU Board of Trustees Bill Mills, Chairman of the Trustees Long-Range

Planning Committee Dr. Allen Zecha, Trustee Violet Loo, Trustee James Romig, Trustee Michael Hong, Trustee Steven Baker, Trustee

Dr. Nancy Hedlund, Assoc VP, Planning & Assessment Margi Ulveling, Assoc VP, Institutional Advancement Dr. Randy Caine, Dean, School of Nursing Dr. David Horgen, College of Natural Sciences Dr. Teresa McCreary, Director, Instrumental Music

Programs Marites Fiesta, Dean of Students Dale Burke, Chair, Faculty Assembly and University Chaplain Project Administrator Albieri Guilherme, Assoc Director, Strategic Enrollment and Divisional Communication Rick Stepien, VP, Administration Patrick Branco, Student Body President Na Sil Heo , Current Student Tyler Wagner, Current Student Charrette Participants Alexandra Yllo, Current Student Stefan Pampulov, Alumnus Chatt Wright, President Armi Oliver Bill Mills, Chairman of the Trustees Long-Range Farinas, Alumna Barbara Ideta, Alumna

Planning Committee Charles Sted, Trustee Raymond Vara, Jr., Trustee Dr. Allen Zecha, Trustee Dr. John Kearns, VP, Academic Affairs Dr. Jeffrey Philpott, VP, Student Affairs and Enrollment Management Dr. Leslie Correa, VP, Institutional Research

& Academic Support

Architect/Planner : Group 70 International, Inc.

Francis Oda, Principal in Charge Hitoshi Hida, Principal Vi Verawudh, Planner

Civil Engineer : Belt Collins Hawaiÿi Ltd.

Cheryl Palesh, Chief Engineer Jon Young, Project Manager Benjamin Rasa, Engineer Kristi Grilho, Engineer

Mechanical & Electrical Engineer : Lincolne Scott Inc.

Scott Inatsuka, President Gene Albano, Vice President Kevin Phillips, Engineer

Hawaiÿi Loa Campus Liaison Steve Hendricks, Director, Physical Plant

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