COMBINATION BITS

THE DEBATE

Combination bits, also known as hybrid bits, combine elements of different bit types. They are claimed to spread pressure and provide more nuanced control and communication between the rider and the horse. These bits often integrate features of both snaffle and curb bits and sometimes include additional elements such as a hackamore.

Combination bits are currently the cause of a lot of debate on social media worldwide, with a wide variety of different takes on the ethics of their use. Here, we look at what combination bits are and what we need to think about when considering their use:

STRUCTURE OF COMBINATION BITS

1. Mouthpiece: This can be similar to a snaffle bit, which applies direct pressure on the horse's mouth. It can vary in style and material, with some having jointed or solid mouthpieces.

2. Shanks: Like a curb bit, combination bits often have shanks that extend from the mouthpiece. These shanks provide leverage, which increases the pressure applied when the reins are pulled.

3. Noseband: Many combination bits include a noseband, similar to those found on a hackamore. When the reins are engaged, this noseband applies pressure to the horse's nose.

4. Curb chain or strap: This is positioned under the horse's chin, similar to a traditional curb bit. When the reins are pulled, the curb chain tightens, adding pressure to the horse's jaw and encouraging him to lower its head.

A NOTE ON COMBINATION BITS IN SOUTH AFRICA

Whilst many professionals make sensitive and productive use of these bits in South Africa, all too many novices are seen using these tools without the required knowledge of experience. Here at HQ, we receive lots of photographs from shows. Unfortunately, in these photographs, we are exposed to more and more horses with poorly fitting and incorrectly used combination bits; many of these horses are showing clear signs of discomfort and distress. Combination bits require skilled handling, so please think carefully and evaluate your riding with your coach before using one of these tools.

PURPOSE

• Pressure distribution: Combination bits distribute pressure across several points (mouth, nose, and jaw). Some believe this makes these bits milder than bits that concentrate pressure solely in the mouth, while others feel they simply exert more pressure in more places.

• Versatility: These bits are claimed to offer more versatile control, making them suitable for horses that need a combination of direct pressure (like a snaffle) and leverage (like a curb). However, it is worth noting that achieving the benefits of this versatility requires a high level of skill and understanding of the bit and the horse's way of going on the part of the rider.

• Communication: The multiple points of contact are said to improve communication between the rider and the horse, helping to refine commands and responses. Again, this relies on the bit being used by a very skilled and experienced rider.

USES

• Training: Combination bits are often used in training situations where the rider feels the need to communicate different types of pressure to the horse.

• Transitioning: Combination bits can help horses transition from a hackamore or snaffle to a curb bit, as they offer a mix of familiar pressures.

• Sensitive horses: Some think horses with sensitive mouths may respond better to the distributed pressure of a combination bit.

COMMON TYPES OF COMBINATION BITS

1. Myler combination bit: This bit is known for its unique design that combines elements of snaffle, curb, and hackamore.

According to the FEI Steward we spoke to this bit is illegal in competitions, although there appears to be some debate over this on social media.

2. Three-ring combination bit: This bit features three rings on the shanks, offering multiple rein attachment points for varying levels of leverage.

3. Gag combination bit: This incorporates elements of a gag bit, adding upward pressure to the horse's mouth, which can lift the horse's head.

ARE COMBINATION BITS CRUEL?

Here at HQ, we don't believe that combination bits are inherently cruel. However, their effect largely depends on how they are used and fitted and the horse's specific needs. As with most things, it isn't the tool that is the issue; it is how it is used. The following factors must be considered:

1. Proper fit and adjustment:

• Ensuring that the bit is correctly fitted to the horse's mouth, nose, and chin is crucial. An improperly fitted bit (of any kind, but particularly combination bits) can cause pain and discomfort.

• The noseband should rest comfortably on the horse's nose, and the curb chain or strap should be snug but not tight. Some riders are seen riding with the noseband much too tight or too low, both of which cause discomfort and are, therefore, a welfare concern.

2. Rider skill and experience:

• Combination bits require skilled handling. Riders must understand how to apply and release pressure appropriately. Consistent pressure used in any context is not only ineffective but creates welfare issues.

• Experienced riders can use the combination bit to communicate effectively without causing pain, while inexperienced riders might inadvertently cause discomfort.

3. Horse's sensitivity and needs:

• Different horses respond differently to various types of bits. Some horses may find a combination bit more comfortable due to the distributed pressure, while others may not respond well to it.

• Understanding the individual horse's preferences and sensitivities is critical.

4. Purpose and context:

• Combination bits are often used for specific training purposes or to address particular issues. For instance, they can help a horse transition from a hackamore to a bit or provide additional control in specific riding disciplines.

• They should be used to improve communication, not as a tool for forcing compliance.

5. Regular check-ups:

• Regularly checking the horse's mouth, nose, and chin for signs of irritation or injury can help prevent issues from developing.

• Adjusting or changing the bit if signs of discomfort or resistance appear is essential.

POTENTIAL FOR MISUSE

While combination bits can be effective and humane when used correctly, they have the potential for misuse, which can lead to cruelty:

• Excessive pressure: If a rider applies excessive pressure or uses harsh hands, the multiple points of contact (mouth, nose, chin) can cause significant discomfort or pain.

• Complexity: Combination bits can be more complex to use correctly than regular bits. This complexity means that inexperienced riders may unintentionally misuse them, causing discomfort or pain to the horse.

• Mixed messages: Different trainers, riders, and equestrian schools of thought offer varied advice on using combination bits, creating confusion and inconsistency in their application.

• Incorrect usage: A combination bit cannot compensate for poor training. All too often, horses are 'bitted up' to suppress (not solve!) training issues.

• Ignoring signs: Failing to recognise signs of discomfort or distress in the horse can result in prolonged use of an unsuitable bit, causing physical and psychological harm.

A NOTE ON ETHICS

There is a balance to be struck between enhancing performance and ensuring animal welfare. Critics argue that some riders and trainers prioritise control and performance over the horse's comfort and well-being. Whilst it is difficult to ask ourselves these questions, we do have to consider whether what we are doing is in the best interests of our horse or the best interests of our competition record. If the answer is the latter, we must revisit our choices.

CONCLUSION

Combination bits are not inherently cruel, but their humane use depends on several factors, including proper fitting, skilled handling, and the individual needs of the horse. When used thoughtfully and with a focus on the horse's comfort and wellbeing, combination bits can be an effective tool for communication and training. However, misuse or lack of understanding can lead to discomfort and cruelty, so riders must educate themselves thoroughly, prioritise their horse's well-being, and seek guidance from knowledgeable professionals when considering the use of combination bits.