Strategic Planning Studio

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ABPL90131 STRATEGIC PLANNING STUDIO SEMESTER 2 2014

IMPROVING COMMUNITY INFRACTRUCTURE IN DOCKLANDS A STRATEGIC PLAN

Hugh Utting 389145 Chen (Rick) Liu 531834

Roger Wettenhall 705690 Xiaoyu Yang 630883

SUMMARY The City of Melbourne provides diverse community infrastructure across its municipality with over “three million� people utilizing these services (Future Melbourne, 2014, p.2). This report has been prepared to create a strategic plan for the City of Melbourne, with particular attention paid to Docklands as a planning site and improving it’s community infrastructure. This report investigates and analyses Docklands area through diverse methodology. This provides a context and understanding of Docklands, with insight into internal and external factors, historical and spatial dimensions, to satisfy the intention of identifying strategic issues specific of the site. The issue identification is then utilized as the building blocks for the creation of attentive solutions that formulate the final strategic plan in improving the community infrastructure in Docklands.

CONTENTS 1. Introduction 2. Methodology 3. Exploration of Site Characteristics 4. Precedents 5. Definitions 6. Vision and key strategies 7.1 Key strategy 1 - Create educational opportunities in Docklands 7.2 Key strategy 2 - Connect Docklands to the wider City of Melbourne’s cultural fabric 7.3 Key strategy 3 - Increase and improve both passive and active public open space within Docklands 8. Implementation of Strategies 9. Concluding remarks Appendices References

I NT RO DU C T I O N

This report makes recommendations on improving community infrastructure within the City of Melbourne suburb of Docklands. The report begins with an explanation of methodology behind the ensuing research and analysis stage. Research into the City of Melbourne follows, establishing site context and an overview of the characteristics that define the municipality. The City of Melbourne has diverse morphology; within the municipality Dockland’s is facing a number of challenges due to its nature of development transitioning from a maritime industrial precinct to commercial-residential hub. An integral part of the site context phase is in-depth analysis of all information to draw upon areas requiring attention with regards to ensuing formation of strategic plans. The report identifies three key issues in the areas of education, community and environment within the umbrella of community infrastructure in Docklands. A vision is established for Docklands with complementar y key strategies, strategic objectives and actions required to carry out the vision. The report concludes with a detailed overview of ways in which actions will be implemented with respect to associated policies, stakeholders, funding provisions required, and timeframes accompanying execution of each action. It’s the intention of this report and its strategic plan to develop community infrastructure within Docklands.

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ME T H O D OLO G Y

This report used data from a diverse range of sources- federal, state and locals governments, academic research institutions, chambers of commerce and community groups. The report draws upon and includes a range of statistics including qualitative and quantitative data, formal observations, questionnaire sur veys and case studies. The authors of this report took fieldstrips to Docklands to undertake qualitative data and site research. During the formulation of this report the major method used was benchmark ranking. Kelly (2010) stipulates quantitative benchmark rankings comparison is an effective method of research because it provides a clear overview of how different sectors compare. Additionally a Matrix table was used to prioritise issues in Docklands. Docklands was benchmarked to other suburbs within the City of Melbourne municipality and Greater Melbourne. It was useful comparing Docklands directly to other suburbs within the City of Melbourne because it allowed analysis of potential strengths and weakness within the municipality, discussed later in the report.

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D EF IN ITI ON S

Green Open Space - a broad term describing all public accessible land that doesn’t contain significant buildings and includes the urban canopy, active and passive green spaces within the public realm (City of Melbourne Open Space, 2012, p.5). Active green space is defined as a “designated park space used for prescribed sports, exercise or play ” (PIA, 2013). Passive green spaces are “ spaces within parks, streetscapes used for unstructured physical activity ” (PIA, 2013). An urban canopy is the “cultivation of trees within the urban environment, which provide critical ecosystem ser vices” and shade cover within the urban realm (PIA, 2013)

Community Infrastructure - public places and spaces that accommodate “community facilities, ser vices to support individuals, families” and different social-economic groups to meet their needs, “maximise, their potential and community wellbeing” (Future Melbourne Committee, 2013,p. 9). Examples of such facilities include; libraries, sporting venues, cultural spaces and community centres.

Education - The Victorian Government Department of Education defines education as a “birth to adult learning and development system” through childcare, primary school, secondary school, university, TAFE and adult training programs (Department of Education, 2014).

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& AN A LYSIS OF SITE CHA R AC T ER ISTICS

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The City of Melbourne municipality is located within Melbourne, the state capital of Victoria, Australia. It’s the administrative, economic, multicultural and recreational hub of Melbourne with a residential population of 105,381 in 2013 (City of Melbourne Annual Report, 2013, p.3). The City of Melbourne comprises; • Principal hub: Central Business District • Stable Growth Areas: Kensington, South Yarra, Parkville, Carlton , Flemington , West and East Melbourne. • Designated Growth Areas of Docklands, South Bank, North Melbourne and Fisherman’s Bend. The City of Melbourne is a major destination for local, national and international tourists, as well as major contributor to the Victorian economy; validating a high level of international and domestic investment. In 2007 the management of Docklands transferred from Places Victoria to the City of Melbourne, Places Victoria had struggled to integrate Docklands into the wider municipality fabric (City of Melbourne, Docklands, 2014). Docklands is Australia’s largest urban renewal project with over 200 hectares of unique water front industrial land being developed into a mixed residential-commercial neighbourhood (Places Victoria, Docklands, 2014). Places Victoria (2014) stipulates over 50% of Docklands has been developed and there’s over $1 billion invested in construction activity currently occurring, indicating that great opportunities abound to cre ate positive strategic outcomes resulting in a long-lasting legacy for the municipality. The City of Melbourne’s population grows to over “844,000 during the weekday and 563,000 during the weekend” (City of Melbourne Annual Report, 2013, p.3) because of the location of the Central Business District, Parkville and Docklands that are employment, retail and educational hubs. This population influx puts extreme pressure on the City of Melbourne’s community ser vices and green spaces. 202,000 students study within the City of Melbourne (City of Melbourne International Student Strategy, 2013, p.1), which is substantial in comparison to neighbouring municipalities. This is due to the location of tertiar y establishments of RMIT, University of Melbourne, Victoria University, TAFE institutions, along with a plethora of childcare, primary secondary and schools. According to the City of Melbourne International Student Strategy (2013) 41,000 international students reside within the municipality creating a unique urban cosmopolitan culture. City of Melbourne Boundary

Reference: Author Generated

Reference: Author Generated

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Demographics The City of Melbourne population (Figure 1) is projected to increase by 80,000 to 177,000 by 2030 (City of Melbourne Annual Report, 2013, p.3). Docklands is also forecasted to grow by 350% by 2030 and absorb an additional 14,000 residents (City of Melbourne Annual Report, 2013, p.3. In comparison to the City of Melbourne, which will growth by 190% (figure 2)(City of Melbourne Annual Report, 2013, p.3). Increasing resident and worker numbers bring increasing needs for facilities and services in the City of Melbourne and Docklands. The City of Melbourne compared to Greater Melbourne (figure 3) has a substantially higher composition of residents aged between 20-34 years, with Docklands being a strong driver. This indicates these areas are attracting a youthful demographic due to the location of tertiar y education institutions, cultural amenities and employment opportunities. According to the Australian Bureau of Statistics between 2006 and 2011 the proportion of family house holds has increased 30%, indicating more families are moving to the municipality, hence the need to address family requirements in the future. The cultural makeup of Docklands is diverse (Figures 4-6), with 45% of residents originating from Australia compared to 68% of Greater Melbourne residents (ABS, 2011, Docklands Countr y of Origin) (ABS, 2011, Greater Melbourne Country of Origin). This confirms Dockland’s multicultural strength and the need to integrate it within community infrastructure.

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Existing Land Use within Docklands Analysis of existing land use within Docklands (map 1), indicated commercial development dominated the locality, with opportunities for future development of parks and community use because of current shortfalls.

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Industry and employment The Dockland’s economic snapshot solidifies the fact that the suburb is experiencing strong economic growth and affirms that investment in community infrastructure will have the support of future growth. Within Docklands 34% of employed persons are professionals, in comparison to the City of Melbourne with a lower rate of 22% (City of Melbourne & Geografia, 2012, DOcklands ). Thus a high proportion of residents are professionals and present an opportunity to nurture resident working life development. Between 2002 and 2012, Dockland’s experienced an increase in job numbers of 553% in comparison to City of Melbourne with an employment growth of 127% over ten years (City of Melbourne Geografia, 2012, Docklands). This reaffirms the importance of focusing on community infrastructure that meets the needs of the rapidly growing workforce population.

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Community Infrastructure The majority of community facilities within the City of Melbourne are located within the Central Business District and established growth suburbs of South Yarra, Carlton (map 2 and figure 7). Analysis of the table indicates Dockland’s is lacking in all areas, highlighting opportunities to increase facilities in all categories, especially in light of projected increasing population numbers. Because there are no facilities within Docklands to hold cultural per formances and activities Docklands ability to integrate into the cultural fabric of Melbourne is limited. Medibank managing director George Savvides was quoted “we are struggling to stay in Docklands, not for the money, but for the amenity, no trees, no birds, no grass, a lack of community, but a plethora of structure” (Dowling, 2011, The Age Online). Savvides (2011) claimed Medibank was considering leaving Docklands because of its lack of soul. Savvide’s statement echo’s resident concerns that a lack of community facilities and pleasant open spaces detracts from making Docklands a livable neighbourhood for residential and workforce inhabitants. The Docklands Library opening in the 3rd quarter of 2014 is a welcome community infrastructure addition but there’s still a further need to improve the quantity and quality of Dockland’s community infrastructure relative to other City of Melbourne suburbs.

Reference: Author Generated

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Reference: Author Generated

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Environment The City of Melbourne is experiencing greater increases in temperature compared to Greater Melbourne due to the Urban Heat Island effect (City of Melbourne Open Space Strategy, 2012), putting pressure on natural biophysical systems and creating an unpleasant urban realm. The majority of green space within the City of Melbourne is in stable growth areas. Docklands has the lowest levels of open space per head of population within the City of Melbourne and is significantly lower Greater Melbourne average at 3.1 meter squared. Existing open spaces are over designed, don’t encourage passive open space activities and are plagued by substandard maintenance that discourages users. There is also a lack of formal activities spaces including playgrounds and public sporting fields and courts. Docklands has one of the lowest levels Public Realm Canopy Cover within the City of Melbourne, propagating the Urban Heat Island effect. Site visits noted that Dockland’s urban morphology is dominated by impervious sur faces. Insensitive development has impacted negatively on open spaces by causing wind tunnels, overshadowing and limiting ground level access to sunlight. Due to projected residential and workforce population increases by 2026 it’s estimated the City of Melbourne will have significantly less green space per head. This further highlights the desperate need to introduce more green space into Docklands landscape to combat the Urban Heat Island effect and create a pleasant environment.

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Education Docklands presently lacks education facilities (table 1 and 2). This coupled with projected population increases of 157% in terms of number children under the age of 12 residing in Docklands conclusively indicates the need to provide childcare and primary education facilities. Current residents are forced to commute to access education and the local primary schools are reaching enrolment limits, which further strengthen the need for a local primary school to be constructed in Docklands.

Docklands Population Projection

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Matrix The contextual analysis highlighted that within the City of Melbourne the suburb of Docklands was lacking in community infrastructure. At this point the authors utilized the Matrix Method in order to generate the priority of issues and areas requiring deeper analysis. Through this process it became clear the top ranking issues were: education provision and access, community facilities and environment “open spaces” within the Docklands.

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PRECED ENTS

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Academic review Montgomery (2013) and Baum (2011) stipulate the construction of community facilities and open green spaces as an new suburb is being constructed leads to improved levels of social capital, mental health, increased community participation, trust, safety, enhanced worker productivity within the suburb. Montgomer y (2013) argues that communities within built environments that have increased exposure to nature reduces crime, improves wellbeing and community cohesiveness. Montgomery (2013) and Gehl (2011) stipulates that humans prefer human scale environments that are sheltered and full of people. . This is juxtaposition to the Docklands built morphology that is characterised for its expansive, windswept large soulless and peoples open spaces open space.

Auckland A former industrial port, Auckland’s Wynyard Quarter has successfully incorporated versatile green spaces and community cultural facilities into its revitalized water front (Auckland Water front, 2014). A natural water front park, featuring sporting facilities and playground connected by an urban canopy has been completed at the start of the development process. The ASB Bank is constructing a 600 person theatre space and multi-purpose artist galleries into their new water front HQ ( Water front Theatre, 2014). The Auckland Council mandated developers and major tenants contribute to a community development fund. This strategy should be adopted in Docklands to provide the new cultural and community facilities. Docklands built morphology that is characterised for its expansive, windswept large soulless and peoples open spaces open space.

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Vancouver This report recommends that Docklands adopt Vancouver ’s community inclusive and benchmark lead strategic spatial planning model. Braum (2011) states the Vancouver ’s Livable Re gion Strategic Plan’s with the Higher Density Housing For Families and Children Guidelines mandated childcare, primary school and co-curricular facilities be constructed as prerequisite for building False Creek urban redevelopment. The provision of community infrastructure and school within False Creek resulted in it becoming one of Vancouver ’s urban renewal success stories and a highly desirable place to live.

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ST R ATEG IES

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VISION

“Through focusing on development of community infrastructure, Docklands promises to become a highly functioning, vibrant neighbourhood for residents, workers and visitors alike, boasting a unique urban fabric that compliments its waterfront location”

Key Strategies 1. 2. 3.

Create educational opportunities in Docklands Connect Docklands to the wider City of Melbourne’s cultural fabric Increase and improve both passive and active public open space within Docklands

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IMPLE M E N TAT I O N

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In order to realise the vision, the planning of implementation of strategies is vital. Therefore the implementation of strategies has been staged over a number of years. Some actions have been priority over other interventions, because not all actions can occur simultaneously. As funding, planning, community consultation construction and development take time and need to occur in a proper manner.

PROPOSED LAND USE MAP

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POLICIES AMENDMENT Local Planning Policy Framework

Local Planning Policy Framework

Clause 22.18 Urban Design within the Docklands Zone

Clause 37.05 Docklands Zone

Encourage public and private developers to achieve a high quality of design within their projects by creating guides to create active streets and versatile public spaces.

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Stakeholders Key Strategy 1. Victorian State Government, City of Melbourne council, State Department of Education, State Department of Transport, Planning and Local Infrastructure, Australian Teachers Federation, Vic Roads, local residents, Lend Lease (major developer) Key Strategy 2. Victorian State Government, City of Melbourne council, Arts Victoria, Myer Foundation, National Gallery of Victoria, Events Victoria, Victorian Arts Centre, local residents, Lend Lease (major developer) Key Strategy 3. Victorian State Government, City of Melbourne council, Parks Victoria, Places Victoria, Yachting Victoria, Victorian Department of Sustainability and Environment, Boating Industry Association Of Victoria , AFL, local residents, Lend Lease (major developer)

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Concluding remarks This report has proposed a number of strategic actions to be implemented in the areas of education, community facilities and open green space, which would improve the level of community infrastructure in Docklands. The data presented within and the issues and opportunities identified serve to validate the ultimate strategic plan for Docklands covered in this report. The authors note that failure to implement this strategic plan will intensify a number of existing issues, this includes gentrification, social inequality and climate change. Failure to invest in community infrastructure will discourage potential new investors (visitors, residents, developers) and could contribute to the demise of the suburb environmentally, economically and socially. However, with the successful implantation of the strategic plan through focusing on development of community infrastructure, Docklands promises to be come a highly functioning, vibrant neighbourhood for residents, workers and visitors alike, boasting a unique urban fabric that compliments its water front location.

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