[Huiting Qian]
Architecture & Urban Design Portfolio - [ 2022 ]
HUITING QIAN (313)-819-3130 qianhuiting0@gmail.com
EDUCATION University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI Master of Urban Design, Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning
Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, China Exchange Student, UM-SJTU Joint Institute
Southeast University, Nanjing, China Bachelor of Architecture, College of Architecture
Iowa State University, Ames, IA Exchange Student, College of Design
Aug 2020- Dec 2021 GPA:3.90/4.0 Aug 2020- Dec 2020 N/A Sep 2015- Jul 2020 GPA:3.77/4.0
Aug 2018 – Dec 2018 GPA:3.80/4.0
PROFESSIONAL EXPERIENCE University of Michigan Graduate Research Assistant, Detroit River Story Lab
Ann Arbor, MI May 2021- Aug 2021
Processed historical census data with the visualization of the riverfront transformation of Detroit River with ArcGIS Mapped the water accessibility and land uses on riverfront areas to establish connections between place and time through the lens of spatial justice Visualized the known and hinted component of the Underground Railroad network
University of Michigan
Graduate Research Assistant, Latin American Studies Association
Built visualizations for social interests of 14 communities in São Paulo, Brazil Processed the interview reports of local residents in São Paulo, Brazil
East China Architectural Design & Research Institute (ECADI) Architect Intern
Ann Arbor, MI Jul 2021- Sep 2021
Shanghai, China Jul 2019- Sep 2019
Modeled and modified the facades and modular design for the Seagull Hotel, Shanghai, China Drew and revised the floor plans for the Huaqiao Commercial Center, Wuhan, China Designed the stairs detail for the Huamao Central Place, Suzhou, China
ACADEMIC PROJECTS Shanghai Jiao Tong University Independent Study on the Urban Environmental Comfort Perception System
The Design Institute of Southeast University Research on the Community-based Nursing Homes in Japan
Field researched and surveyed seven community-based nursing homes in Saga Evaluated Japanese pension mode and with the current situation in China Reported the architectural analysis of seven nursing homes
Japan SSS Structure design competition Innovative Structure Design
Designed schematic structure model and tested four possible materials Implemented the construction of physical structure model in Tokyo
Karatsu, Japan Jul 2018- Mar 2019
Tokyo, Japan May 2018- July 2018
AWARDS 2021 Planning Excellence Award by the Michigan Chapter of the American Planning Association (Outstanding Graduate Student Project Award) Merit-based Scholarship of Taubman College of Architecture and Urban Planning National Award of Undergraduate Training Program for Innovation and Entrepreneurship Tour Award of the Design Institute of Southeast University Student Award of the China Scholarship Council Award of Japanese SSS Structure Design Competition 1st-class Summer Vocation Social Practice
SKILLS Computer Aid: Proficient in ArcGIS, Rhinoceros, SketchUp, AutoCAD, TArch, Enscape, and Vray, basic in Python, EnergyPlus, Ecotect, Revit, Grasshopper, R. Graphic: Proficient in Adobe Photoshop, InDesign, illustrator, Premier and Lightroom. Efficiency: Microsoft Word, PowerPoint, Excel, OneNote Language : Professional in English, Native in Mandarin Chinese.
PUBLICATIONS Shanghai, China Sep 2020 - Jan 2021
Investigated the interrelation between micro climates and various urban fabrics on different urban scales Proposed four types of wireless sensor layouts on different urban scales of Shanghai
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
Nanjing, China Southeast University May 2017 - May 2019 Research on the current situation and Integrated Design of Residential Exterior Interface Based on Energy-saving Requirements—Taking Nanjing as an Example Field researched the old and newly-built residential communities in Nanjing Calculated and analyzed the energy consumption of residential buildings by EnergyPlus Simulated and calculated the wind environment of proposed residential blocks by Ecotect Optimized the façade modules of residential building by computer simulation Summarized and reported renovation strategies to residential buildings in Nanjing
Qian, Huiting, et al. “Research on the Renovation of Existing Urban Residential Areas Based on the Improvement of Comfort”, City House, Sep 2019, pp.55-58 Qian, Huiting, et al. “Simulation Study of Modulus of Residential Building Facade Based on Computer Digits”, Doors and Windows, Jan 2019, pp.117-121
2021 2020 2019 2018 2018 2018 2016
TABLE OF CONTENT
01 WE(B)EIRUT
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02 CITY IN CITY
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03 THE AIRPORT CITY
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04 MANY URBAN NATURES
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05 NEIGHBORHOOD OR NOT ?
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06 THE SHARED STAGE
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07 BEER REVITALIZATION
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08 SOCIAL EQUITY AMONG TRAFFIC STOP DATA
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Urban Design | Beirut Urban Recovery Urban Design | Willets Point Urban Redevelopment
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07
Cincinnati, New York City, The United States The United States
Francisco, 08 TheSanUnited States
Architectural Design | Shanghai Hongqiao Airport Terminal 1 Hotel Urban Design | Jaipur Community Renovation Architectural Design | Public Rental Housing Design
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05 & 06
Beirut, Lebanon
Nanjing, China 03 Shanghai, China
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Jaipur, India
Architectural Design | Concert Hall & Cultural Center Architectural Design | Beer Factory & Museum
Urban Data | Police Data Analysis of San Francisco
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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01 WE(B)EIRUT 2021 Fall Team Work | Teammate: Yue Xu Location: Beirut, Lebanon Program: Urban Design Instructor: El Hadi Jazairy Beirut has grown with trauma and recovery. In 2020, an explosion in the Beirut port rocked the vulnerable city. The blast directly devastated neighborhoods, destroyed buildings, and affected around 200,000 housing units in the capital. In a single moment, their livelihoods and life achievements vanished. When considering the aftermath of the explosion and the resulting real estate speculation in surrounding neighborhoods, it is clear there is an urgent need to reinforce the solidarity of local communities to confront the gradual disintegration of scattered gentrification and increasing risk of permanent displacement. With the intention to bond local communities and memorize those scars, new alternatives introduce a viable and inclusive space by connecting those community assets together to form a self-growth web that strengthens the geographical, spatial, and social solidarity. As such, the project Web 0 190 Beirut can also be interpreted as We Beirut. li t in ورو Bu غ عراud ش اoura ل يكar, G ي تi la B u Teq
My
ي عام تجاenter ز كرمity C treet un ki S m a m Co h Lab a l Sa
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0 186 n i ق t l Bui سرس نeet يStr ر ك وكsock ةديce, Sur س لا لala زنمsock P r Su
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معBu M اشilt in igu عر e أ19 Ar l Re نيمر20 me sta ي nia ura ا Str nt eet
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
960 n 1 ور i t l و Bui غ عراud شura م o ع طمaria, G l Tel
الو قنirs ر ا مta جردolas s h c i N St.
ص 39 ع ةلاB 2R ضرuil t me il3 اشin 19 93 عر60 , G وغ ou ور rau d
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Beirut Trauma History and Gentrification Movement
1990 Location: Downtown Reason: Civic war
2010 Location: Mar Mikhael Reason: low to middle-income neighborhood
After the civil war (1975-1990), downtown Beirut had thus been devastated. This neighborhood was renovated by Solidere, a private company. This project is part of a logic of expropriations and excessive demolition-reconstructions.
Neighborhood composed mainly of car mechanics and other light industry. In approximately 2006, Mar Mikhael’s low rents began to attract its share of young creatives.
2006 Location: Gemmayzeh Reason: artist and nightlife-led transformation
2020 Beirut Explosion
At the end of the civil war, downtown Beirut, around Martyrs' Square, had thus been devastated. This neighborhood was renovated by Solidere. This project is part of a logic of expropriations and excessive demolitionreconstructions: 80% of buildings are destroyed, while the irreversible damage caused by the war is of the order of 40%.
2000 Location: Monot Reason: Civic war
Monot was heavily damaged during the war and lost a substantial portion of its original population, leaving the neighborhood with a large supply of cheap apartments. Lured by these cheap rents, Monot began to attract young artists and creatives.
2006 Israel–Hezbollah War
1990 Civic War
As artists and creatives, as well as bars and restaurants, began to migrate to the neighborhood (some coming from Monot, others supported by new investors) .
On 4 August a large explosion occurred in the port of Beirut, killing at least 180 people and injuring over 6,000. Over 40,000 buildings were damaged or destroyed. The cause of the blast but has been attributed to 2,750 tons of ammonium nitrate which was inadequately stored in port warehouses
After the war in the summer of 2006, which pitted the Israeli army against Hezbollah fighters, the Haret Hreik neighborhood, the latter's stronghold south of the capital, was reduced to ruins after intense aerial bombardments. More than 230 buildings are destroyed, and 1,200 damaged.
0
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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Beirut Explosion Damage Map The aftermath of explosion directly crashed down the nearby neighboorhoods, which are characterized by their unique historic urban and social fabric, and they boast a rich mix of uses and a diversity of sociodemographic groups. The richness of the community with creative industry and historical building has been threatened by capital eviction and demolition permit. The scattered gentrification has gradually break down this community.
[ Madame Reve ]
Beirut’s history of ‘recovery’ testifying to the expolsion of vulnerable communities and disregarding ecological and conservation opportunities urge us to rethink urban reconstruction.
[ Raw ]
Raw is a space where ideas can take shape, gain momentum and grow. It’s a photography studio, a workshop venue and a giant brainstorming pad. Raw is the creative space you shape.
After
History of the baker and people in Beirut. Since 1982, this artisan baker has been serving dozens of traditional doughy flatbreads all day long - ubiquitous on Lebanese breakfast tables
[ Galerie Tanit ]
For over forty years Galerie Tanit has played an important role in introducing American artists to German audiences and beyond. After 2002 the program of the gallery gradually shifted to a younger generation of artists and introduced international artist like Jeremy Blake and Michael Lin to local audiences.
[ Saint Anthony of padova maronites ]
The building was built in 1920, the first floor is Tequila Bar, and the upper level is for residence. The building was destroyed in the explosion.
[ Fern Ghattas ]
Mar Michael is named after the Maronite Catholic Church of St Michael, which is located on Rue Pharoun.
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[ Vendome Satirs ]
The stairs stand as one of the surviving landmarks in Beirut, a shared public space that different activists and civil society organizations have fought to preserve over the years.
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Before
[ Tequila(Rmeil 733) ]
[St Michael Maronite Church]
Madame Reve present their Vintage accessories collection spanning many epochs from the late 19th century to the nineteenseventies. Madame Dreams" now, of the past: of a past recreated: of bygone eras revisited.
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[ Vanina ]
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The ETD was founded in 1835, it has its origins in a building next to St. George's Cathedral in downtown Beirut. At that time, it was nicknamed "the great school", because it was then the largest educational institution in the capital.
St Joseph Church is located on Gourand street in Beirut. It was built as a Franciscan convent in the late nineteenth century. The church is a great example of traditional Lebanese architecture.
Before
After
[ St.Nicholas Stairs ]
St. Nicholas stairs is the longest stairway in the Middle East with 125 steps and is 500 meters long. Since 1973, the stairs have been used as an open-air art exhibition site that occurs twice every year.
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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After
[ College des Trois Docteurs ]
[ St Joseph Church ]
Vanina is a social enterprise that spontaneously grew out of a common passion between childhood friends Tatiana Fayad and Joanne Hayek. It all started with a jewelry line in 2007, and evolved to become a lifestyle label.
Before
After
[ Tobaji Garden ]
The land measures 4,695 meters squared and has been running for over 100 years. After explosion, because it overlooks many of the neighboring houses , rescue workers and volunteers carved out a path through the orchard to access buildings and clear the rubble. It also became a place of rest once more.
[ Villa Linda Sursock ]
One of Beirut’s historic landmarks, Villa Linda Sursock is idyllic for weddings where guests can dance the night away in a magnificent setting.
Before
After
[ Sursock Palace ]
Beirut explosion devastates Sursock Palace. Built in 1860 by Moussa Sursock, it was recognized at the time as one of Beirut's grandest town houses
Garden Heritage
[ Nayef Francis ]
Nayef Francis Design Studio is a design boutique that specializes in product design that include furniture and home accessories. Nayef Francis Design Studio's products combine a hint Middle Eastern aesthetic with minimal and functional design.
Pub/ Restaurant Creative Industry Staircase Explosion Point Explosion Damage Minor
[ Galerie Trad ]
Galerie Trad is an unconventional furniture gallery located in the midst of busy Beirut, providing its clients with custom-made items at strategical prices
Severe 0
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We(B)eirut Generation
[Armenia Street] Cultural/ Artistic / Residential Building
Creative System
[Gouraud Street] Low-rise building Representative facades Slate road
[1] Mixed-Use Building Craft: ABCO Built Year: N/A
[12] Mixed-Use Building Built Year: 1960
[2] Mixed-Use Building Cafe: Bar Tartine Restaurant: SUD Restobar Built Year: N/A
[13] Mixed-Use Building Jewelry Shop: Gems Built Year: 1960
[3] Mixed-Use Building Airbnb Built Year: 1920
[14] Mixed-Use Building Gift Shop Artwork: Graffiti Built Year: 2015
[4] Mixed-Use Building Art: Galerie Tabitha Built Year: 1920
[15] Sursock Palace | رصق كوسوس Built Year: 1860
[5] Mixed-Use Building Auto parts: Ets. Elie Mourad Auto Parts Import/Export Built Year: 1990
[16] Sursock Museum | رصق قسرس Built Year: 1912 [17] Villa Linda Sursock | اليف قسرس ادنيل Built Year: 1875
Commercial System
[1]
[18] Bar : Torino express Cafe: B coffee bar Built Year: 1900
[2] [3]
[St Niclias Stair] Landmark [20] [21]
[Gouraud Street] a mixed residentialcommercial street
[14]
[19] [18]
[13] [12]
[15]
[17]
[Gemmayzeh Street] 19th century churches Historical street
Historical System
[Tobaji Garden] Community garden Daily life
[ Salah Labaki Street] Residential building Historical building Daily life
[16]
[7]
[6]
[5]
[5]
[4]
[19] Pub : Dragonfly Restaurant : Margarita Built Year: 1900
[23]
[22]
[10]
[6] Mixed-Use Building Jewelry Design: Cynthia Raffoul Jewelry Built Year: 1935
[20] Saint Joseph Church | رام فسوي Built Year: 1932
[7] Mixed-Use Building Restaurant: China Club Photo Studio:Studio Fouad Built Year: N/A
[21] Santa Church فسوي رام Built Year: 1932
[8] Commercial Building Pet Store: Unique Pets Built Year: 1900
[22] Residence Building Built Year: 1970
[9] Mixed-Use Building Bread Store: Sandwich w Nos Restaurant: My Tellaria Built Year: 1960
[23] Residence Building Built Year: N/A
[10] Mixed-Use Building Bar: Kassab Pastry Built Year: 1960
Residential System Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
[9]
[11]
[8]
[11] Collège des Trois Docteurs ءابطألا اورت يد جيلوك Built Year: 1911
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1000ft
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Healing Strategies With the intention to bond local communities and memorize those scars, new alternatives introduce a viable and inclusive space by connecting those community assets together to form a self-growth web that strengthens the geographical, spatial, and social solidarity. With the intention to bond local communities and memorize those scars, new alternatives introduce a viable and inclusive space by connecting those community assets together to form a self-growth web that strengthens the geographical, spatial, and social solidarity. Meanwhile, urban scars generated by each injury will not be forgotten and covered by the following interventions. The strong will of the community promotes healing strategies. After the explosion, the banners, "we are staying" written in both English and Arabic, were ubiquitous in Beirut, which elaborate the new life happening in ruins. The willingness to strive becomes the motivation to initiate healing strategies.
Before the blast, the mixeduse buildings provides soil to nurture of the vitality of its vigorous business on the ground and residential life on upper level.
Contemplation Healing
Damage
Sursock Palace built in 1860 is a traditional Lebanese heritage building, and a landmark in Beirut.
Going beyond temporal response, psychological recovery also calls for a space for further contemplation. A monumental structure comprising fragmented stones, debris, and cracks from damaged heritage sites form both the tangible and the intangible sense of place.
The palace and its spacious garden sustained severe damage from the massive explosion.
Damage
Some buildings totally collapsed
Residents and volunteers cleaned up the space.
Green Healing
For several totally-collapsed structures, productive uses, like gardens, pocket parks or community spaces, would benefit the community. This green healing technique creates an open space network that the city lacks at present.
Identification Healing
Before the blast, the mixeduse buildings provides soil to nurture of the vitality of its vigorous business on the ground and residential life on upper level.
Damage
The explosion destroyed buildings.
Many local people chose to repair the ground floor firstly, thus they can reopen their businesses and generate income. The damaged upper level will be in a long-term reconstruction.
In memory of the trauma, identification healing would keep the broken façade as it was, the scar will become a mark of time and history. The upper level will be set back, in this manner, the corridor will become the extension of narrow street. The second floor can be used for creative industry like art gallery, design studio. And the upper level can be the residential units.
Legend Web Key Nodes Identification Healing Green Healing Contemplation Healing
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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Before Explosion
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2020 Beirut Explosion
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Immediate Reaction
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Healing Strategies |8
Design Intervention Zone A Zone B
Zone B
Zone A
Zone B
Zone C
Zone C
Zone C
Identification Healing
Zone D Zone F
Zone D
Zone E
Zone F
Zone G
Zone E
Park Plaground Sursock Plaza
Collective Debris Cone
Monumental Column
Event Place
Event Place
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
Open Market
Contemplation Healing
Roof Garden
Zone G
Urban Agricultural
Green Healing
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Design Intervention
Green Space System
Intervention System
Web System
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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02 City in City 2020 Fall University of Michigan Group Work | Teammate: Shuyue Lei Location: Willets Point, Queens, New York, the United States Program: Urban Design Instructor: Mclain Clutter Located in Queens, the second-most populous borough in NYC and the most ethnically diverse place in the world, Willets Point has repeatedly been targeted for redevelopment throughout the 20th and 21st centuries. The previous attempts have often been met with community resistance, demands for affordable housing, and concern that the plans would unevenly benefit influential developers and real estate interests. Since post-World War II, Willets Point has been home to a collection of automobile scrapping, repair, and supply shops and associated business. Many businesses are run by first-generation immigrants, while others have been passed down within families for decades. Over time, the businesses have developed a complex interdependence, with many relying on one another for material, services, and clientele. The concern for the livelihoods of those who would lose their businesses or places of employment "protected" Willets Point, a location without sufficient city services, infrastructure, and within a floodplain, from being redeveloped. Propelled by this structural contradiction, the project aims to find a balance between the existing industrial ecology at Willets Point and the city's redevelopment plans, promoting a potential urban negotiation. Working through a series of media, technologies, and information formats, the empirical analysis has examined the problematics, potentials, and remedies for similar human or machinic biases in the borough of Queens. By learning from Queens neighborhoods, the project integrates the intricate auto ecology into the mix-use programs proposed by the city to cultivate a new city in the city, a vital new urban ecology for living and working in Willets Points.
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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Compulsive Eviction
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Redevelopment Planning
LINA TAPIA AND RODRIGO RAMOS
2008
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“Willets Point is everything. Nine years ago we got this business. Before this we were workers. My husband was a mechanic.”
Queens, NYC
150,000 ft² community facility 170,000 ft² retail 30,000 ft² school 500,000 ft² office
2011
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5,500 units housing Mall with 200 stores 2,500 units housing
CAROLINA VELÁSQUEZ
Flo
Ele
odi
ng &
vat
ion
Wa ter Tab les
et ( Fe
B
Instead of earning money, we are losing. Our job is being thrown to the trash.
le Tab ter rade) a W G elow
2018
2825-spot parking lot
“Willets Point for me is 24 years of hard work trying to build up a business, trying to move forward.” Arturo Olaya 58, a Colombian immigrant who runs an auto upholstery shop, said he would try his luck in Florida.
ion lvat L) E g M stin AS Exi (Feet
An alys
30,000 ft² retail 200-room hotel
2028
EVER RIVERA
ic F
low S ec
oad in Road a M ry R a ond
City field and event parking
Deteriorating artificial wetlands
Uniform riprap shoreline
Historic toxic and CSO sediment
Designated fishing areas
Subway station
Public boat launch re G rou nd
Temporary dragon boat stroage ing
ld Bui g n i st Exi
“Practically, we are in limbo. They have us cornered,” 39, a Salvadoran immigrant with five children who works as a technician at a tiny outpost called Carlos Auto Electric. Mr. Rivera’s arrival in New York, like other workers’, was eased by a 2032 job in Willets Point. The area has been a vital source of bluecollar work, especially for newcomers who lack English skills, proper documentation and certification as an auto mechanic.
Willets Point Site Plan
Native oyster population Fig u
1,000,000 ft² mall
ARTURO OLAYA
is
Tra ff
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NYC DOT Maintenance Facility Blighted highway underpass condition Subsistence fishing
Railwat station Subway
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4,230,000 ft² "residential, retail, hotel, office, parking, and community facility" development Public School 6 acres of parkland
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2,490 housing units 1,250,000 ft² retail 500,000 ft² office space 560,000ft² hotel 150,000ft² community center 230,000ft² public school
Railway
8 acres parkland
Special districts Green space
Mall
Customer Hotel
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Auto business Business Owner
Worker
Parking Living
Retail School
Office Parkland
Community Center Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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According to several articles, Queens neighborhoods have the worst commute of all NYC. Through the data, People live in Queens usually spend 30-59 minutes on commuting.While nearly every New Yorker suffers through a long commute, the length varies depending on the borough and neighborhoodsi where they reside. Queens residents are the most likely to work outside of the city.Thirteen percent commute to jobs beyond the five boroughs.
A. College Point
B. Jamaica Estate
Work from home 20.01%-32.00% 15.01%-20.00% 10.01%-15.00% 0.00%- 10.00%
Walk/ Bicycle to work Bicycle to work Walk to work
C. Far Rockaway
Where do Queens’ residence work?
Traffic Flow Rail Subway Commuting Time Less than 15 mins 15-29 mins 30-59 mins 60-89 mins More than 90 mins
Commuting time less than 15 mins 10.01%-100.00% 0%- 10.00%
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[ College Point ]
College Point is a working-middle-class neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. It is a mostly residential ethnically diverse community with some industrial areas.
[ Jamaica Estates ]
Jamaica Estates is a neighborhood in the New York City borough of Queens. The area is characterized by million-dollar homes and a multitude of trees. The neighborhood consists of mostly upper-middleclass residents.
[Far Rockaway ]
Far Rockaway is a neighborhood on the eastern part of the Rockaway peninsula in the New York City borough of Queens. It is a diverse neighborhood with many immigrants from Jamaica, Guyana, and Guatemala, as well as Russia and Ukraine. It also is home to a significant number of Orthodox Jews.
Median Age
Median Income
Median Age
Median Income
Median Age
Median Rent
a n H o u s e h ol d S i z Medi e
E d u c at i o n a l L e v e l
a n H o u s e h ol d S i z Medi e
E d u c at i o n a l L e v e l
a n H o u s e h ol d S i z Medi e
er Occupied Housi
ng
Martial Status
Overlap
R e nt
er Occupied Housi
Far Rockaway
R e nt
Jamaica Estates
College Point
Median Income
ng
Legend Selected Community
Commerical + Employment Industry
Commercial Space Arts, Entertainment, Accommodation and Food Services 1 100 Retail Trade
Commerical + Employment Industry
Commerical + Employment Industry
Commerical + Employment Industry
1 100
Landuse
Landuse
Landuse
Landuse
01 1-2 family building 02 Multi-family walk-up building 03 Multi-family elevator building 04 Mixed residential/commercial building 05 Commercial/office building 06 Industrial/Manufacturing 07 Transportation/Utility 08 Public facility/Institute 09 Open space/ Outdoor recreation 10 Parking facilities 11 Vacant land
Building + Infrastucture
Figure Ground + Infrastucture Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
Figure Ground + Infrastucture
Figure Ground + Infrastucture
Building Height/ Feet 0.00- 16.00 16.01- 32.00 32.01- 48.00 48.01- 80.00 80.01-460.00
Colleges Subway Stations Public Schools Private Schools Libraries Hospitals
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Residential Building
C ollege Point
Jamaica Estate
Commercial Building
Far Rockaway
Jamaica Estate
Public Facility Commercial/Office Open Space School Supermarket Library Hospital Post Office Subway/Train Station
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
Mixed Residential and Commercial Building
Lower Median Income (< $ 60k)
Higher Median Income (> $60k)
College Point
Well-educated
Younger Median Age(20-38)
Far Rockaway
Renter Occupied Housing
Older Median Age (45-55)
Owner Occupied Housing | 15
Generation Process - 1F
Far Rockaway
Mall
School
Jamaica Estates
Hotel
Living Unit
Hospital
Living Unit
Living Unit Parkland
Library Auto Business
1. Ground-Floor Extended Buildings
Community Center
Auto Business
2. Connection
Auto Business
College Point
Working
Living Unit
Parking Lot Retail 15-min Life Circle's Elements Redevelopment's Elements
3. Housing
4. Add Government's Redevelopment Elements
Generation Process - 2F
Programme 2F
Tires and Rims
Sales Used Cars
Auto Wrecking
Detail and Car Washing
Auto Parts
1. Green Space
2. Connection
Junk Yard
Auto Repair
Muffler Auto Salvage
Existing Auto-related Business
Auto Body
Auto Glass
Auto Body Auto Glass Auto Other Auto Parts Auto Repair Auto Sales Auto Tires Auto Wrecking/ Salvage Mixed Auto Use Non-auto Use Vacant
3. Auto-related Business
4. Housing
Water Management 5. Add Government's Redevelopment Elements
Flood Control Park (stormwater storage)
Areas intended for bulk water retention
Rain/Flood
Auto-Related Business
Deployable Floodwall
Bioswale Infilrate
Wastewater
Programme 1F
Wetland Restoration (stormwater storage)
Flushing Creek
Areas intended to be temporarily flooded
6. Add Infrastructure
Permeable Pavement
Central Bioswale
Government's Redevelopment Elements
15-min Life Circle's Elements
45,000 ft²
15,000 ft²
45,000 ft²
250,000 ft²
200,000 ft²
80,000 ft²
60,000 ft²
15,000 ft²
7,500 ft²
560,000 ft²
230,000 ft²
200,000 ft²
65,000 ft²
300,000 ft²
15,000 ft²
150,000 ft²
Housing 36,000 ft²
650 units
65,000 ft² 15,000 ft²
Flood Mitigation and Water Management
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
Seperate Sewer System
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Site Plan
Section Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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Section Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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03 The Airport City
-- Hongqiao Airport Terminal 1 Hotel Design
2020 Spring Southeast University Individual Work Program: Architecture Design/ Hotel Design Location: Shanghai, China Instructor: Yimin Guo, Takao Tojo, Tao Han Based on the design goal of "integrated terminal hotel", the project celebrates the development trend from traditional "urban airport" to "the airport city", which can be broadly understood as a subcenter with the urban business, local culture, residential space and green space. The project breaks the traditional hotel function, which took the lobby as its core, and sets up a second core space, the city park, in the junction of Hongqiao Terminal 1 and elevated highway. Combined with the aircraft observation deck and the hotel garden, "the airport city" provides divergent public spaces for different types of hotel guests.
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Hongqiao Analysis
Depature in early morning
Japan
Concept
Guest room Swimming pool Conference Reception Shopping All-day dining Bar
Living Function
Flight Numbers
Korean
Hotel Function Analysis
Shanghai Hongqiao International Airport Daily Arrivals and Departures
Normal/Early Check-in
Arrival in late night 23:00
20:00
17:00
14:00
11:00
08:00
05:00
Walk-in Check-in (Delayed/Cancelled Flight )
Airport Observation Non-living Guest
Living Guest Midnight Check-in
Fea stin g
sit ran lic T Pub
National Depature
Guest room Swimming pool & SPA
Conference
Lobby& Reception
Feasting, Meeting
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04 MANY URBAN NATURES
-- Accelerating Climate Action
Ravi
Spring 2021 University of Michigan Team work | Teammate: Kevin Bechard, Sydney Strawser Location: Jaipur, Rajasthan, India Program: Community Renovation Instructor: María Arquero de Alarcón
Many Urban Natures offers an accupuntural approach to redevelopment that operates tactically and incrementally, rebuilding only on specific sites when the buildings' life cycle are exhausted, and designing instead the urban environment at the street level. The Jyoti Nagar Housing Board Flats site can serve as a proof of concept for the city’s commitment to drive a more sustainable future. By nature-based climate solutions and preservation driving the conceptualization of the project, our proposal seeks to create a prototype that can be replicated in other areas across the city to begin to create a larger ecological network.
-Student at the Ellen Collge of Design in Jaipur and a renter at Jyoti Nagar Housing Flats
Amar -Local designer at a firm near Jyoti Nagar and a friend of Aanya’s
Aanya -Owner of a flower shopn near Jyoti Nagar and resident of the area
Sai -Construction worker in Jaipur and long-time owner of a unit at Jyoti Nagar
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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As I turned to continue my walk, a newspaper tumbling along the sidewalk blew into me. As I picked it up, I noticed a column highlighting the temporal conditions in Jaipur and factors contributing to the changing climate. As I thought about how climate effects were, indeed, growing, I was reminded of the day I moved to Jaipur 5 years ago.
It was a Saturday afternoon in mid-spring as I walked along Sahakar Marg Road in Jaipur on my way to a monthly meeting for my living community, Jyoti Nagar Housing Flats. As I walked along the road, admiring the spring day, I began to recall memories from my time in Jaipur.
Located in central Jaipur, the Jyoti Nagar Housing Board Flats dwellers have access to plenty of green open space. With a well preserved park in the heart of the neighborhood and in close proximity to the Kartapura Ganda Nalla, they know well the benefits of easy access to urban nature in the rapidly growing city. According to the mapping, vacant land and transportation infrastructure (railway and road) make up the largest proportion of open space in Jaipur. Green open spaces vary from the magnificent presence of the Aravalli Hills to small city parks providing wide opportunities for the implementation of a green space network throughout the city.
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It was a particularly hot day near the end of summer. Having grown up in Chandigarh, a city known for its green spaces, I could not forget how surprised I was by the absence of green space when I arrived.
Continuing along the road, I approached a run-down housing complex. In front of it sat a monolithic billboard picturing a wealthy couple and an advertisement for new, luxury apartments. Time, and time again I’d see things like this, and it was beginning to frustrate me. “How can the city talk about redevelopment without hearing any input from the actual residents?” I thought None of the new developments reflected any of the growing climate challenges we faced.
The taxonomy of open green spaces in Jaipur includes many different types in their spatial definition, ownership and management structure. Despite the diversity of this landscape mosaic, the reality is that the provision of green open space per resident is well bellow recommended standards.
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Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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Back to my walk, I was getting close to the park where the meeting was being held. With a little time still left to walk, I flipped the page of the newspaper and found a section about the many unlandscaped areas with bare soil surfaces in Jaipur. This reminded of yet another memory; a rainy day during the monsoon season when my clothes got drenched from the rain and got splattered with mud from my commute through the busy, crowded streets.
I remembered the hot sun beating down on me as I lugged my belongings up into my new apartment. I gained an immediate understanding, that day, of the intensity of the summer heat after moving in without much tree cover, and seeing street vendors try to fit themselves into the limited shady areas to escape the sweltering sun.
The rapid urbanization of the Jaipur region, with concrete and asphalt replacing natural vegetation, is creating “urban heat islands” with about two degrees celsius higher average*. During the very hot summers, this condition further aggravates an already critical situation that is only expected to worsen in future years. With the central areas growing vertical, wind patterns are impacted, intensifying the sensation of heat. The increasing use of concrete, asphalt, glass and metal in building construction absorbs and retains more heat. As the most urbanized areas are the hottest, and those able to preserve vegetation the coolest, central city areas like Jyoti Nagar will play an important role setting a response engaging climate action. As such, every redevelopment project should invest on the renaturalization of the city, maintaining mid-rise density neighborhoods with park space and consolidated tree canopies.
The existing ground conditions on the site and its adjacencies are made up of sparse tree cover and grassy, landscaped areas while mainly consisting of unlandscaped and paved areas, like bare soil surface, that are subject to intense sun exposure.
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That same day, after moving all of my belongings into my new apartment, my good friend, Sai, who just happened to live down the hall, wanted to show me around the Central Park in Jaipur. Walking there in the sun, without much shade, was more tiring than I had anticipated. We were so ready to go into the park and get out of the sun. But once we finally arrived, to our despair, we found that its gates were closed and we couldn’t go in.
Busy was more like an understatement. My commute through the streets involved weaving my way through crowds of pedestrians, hurrying out of the way of vehicles and elephants alike, and interacting with local street vendors.
Indian cities constantly redraw their grounds staging an endless choreography of urban actors and programs. Jaipur is no exception and the kinetic nature of urban life offers an endless spectacle. Street vendors, busy pedestrians, all kinds of vehicles, and animals create an ever-transforming streetscape in Jaipur.
The site and its surroundings are mainly used for residential spaces, and are located near other green spaces, educational institutions, health centers, restaraunts, and banks. Sawai Mansingh Stadium and Central Park are the main green open spaces in the neighborhood. However, as gated, public parks, residents are not always garunteed access.
Different time slots witness those components in motion from morning to midnight. Those activities vividly happen in secondary, tertiary, and residential roads, and even every fragment of open space between the buildings. The parking lot during the day may transfer to a flexible bazaar at night. These dynamic components flow with time leaving no scar in the ground.
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Over the course of the following few weeks, we worked hard in our co-creation of designing a more sustainable, equitable home. Aanya worked closely with the design team as they developed plans to increase green spaces along streets and in the center park of the neighborhood. One component of this was applying for funding through a micro-loan to build rain gardens.
Together, my community and Amar’s firm formed a plan to take an incremental approach to redevelopment and select additions and reconstructions of only specific buildings. We set goals to improve the quality of units, make more space to welcome new residents into our neighborhood, and to have a large focus on curating the outdoor communal spaces to better serve everyone who occupied them.
In addressing the greenhouse gas emissions caused by increased levels of vehicular traffic combined with overcrowing, and lack of safety for pedestrains in streets, part of our design aims to create a streetscape which accomodates for all. Here, the street is reorganized to separate fast moving vehicles from pedestrians, bicyclers, street vendors, and wildlife. In the case of Jyoti Nagar, there will be an art wall acting as a buffer.
We were inspired by the work of Ann Lacaton and Jean-Philippe Vassal whose work focuses on environmental, economic, and social tiers, and pays respect to the inherited while striving to act responsibly in the present. Rather than demolishing and reconstructing spaces, their work preserves the aims and aspirations of the original designers and the current occupants.
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One outcome of redevelopment projects that negatively affects the communities is displacement. Development-induced displacement is quite common in India. To achieve rapid economic growth, India has invested in industrial projects, redevelopment projects, roads, power plants, and new cities. The majority of population displaced comes from the sites of construction of large dams, highways, metros as well due to the process of urbanization.
Pioneer species that help fix nitrogen and build soil quality. The native plantings will act as a sieve and enable water to drain through the interstitial spaces of the soil while also capturing road and water runoff pollutants.
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Since expressing concerns at past meetings of increased rent, length of construction process, and potential relocation in the event of redevelopment, my community had decided we wanted to preserve and improve the existing conditions of our home. As Sai and I walked up to the group, I could hear the excitement of my fellow neighbors finally having their ideas heard.
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The overlapping ecological services of the rain gardens and pocket parks are an example of green infrastructure that contributes to resilience in urban systems. This helps with decreasing stormwater flows, helping maintain stable urban temperatures, and providing habitat of urban wildlife.
alis a Ox ulat rnic Co
Wind Flower
I also got the opportunity to express my climate concerns and observations to the design team, and got to play a role in the planning process. Because of that, I was able to make sure improving the neighborhood’s ecosystems was a priority in the design.
Globe Thistle
“Ravi!” Cut short of my daydream, Sai was running towards me as I walked up to the group. “Remember Aanya’s friend, Amar? The one who works at that design firm on Pankaj Singhvi Marg right near our apartments? They’re here at the meeting!” he exclaimed.
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As we worked, time seemed to go by in a whirlwind. In early fall, while out for a morning walk through my neighborhood, I was admiring our community’s hard work and progress. As I walked towards the center of our neighborhood, I could see that Sai’s idea to use environmentally sensitive bamboo for scaffolding on the building exteriors was progressing quickly. I was so excited to see that the shading for apartment interiors was being improved, as it would get quite hot in my unit by late afternoon.
By late summer, things were beginning to come together. We had gotten word that our micro-loan was approved, and we had successfully begun planting flowers and trees to build rain gardens.
These designs conserve and reuse material resources in the construction phase and are meant to protect landscapes by reducing forestry, mining, excavation and transport. Ongoing site operations over time can reduce demand for limited off-site resources such as collection of stormwater for irrigation reuse. We believe that stormwater can be harvested from the existing surrounding buildings and streets, treated in surrounding wetlands and then stored in cisterns where it can be supplied for irrigation for the proposed parks and used to help develop the underground plumbing which the community is in need of.
Bamboo poles Woven bamboo screening
Scaffolding systems added to building exteriors are one of three techniques being developed by our team to implement an accupunctural design approach. This provides one of several modes of personalization for residents. As a host for green walls, clothes lines, hung textiles, even wildlife, and a mode of shading, the scaffolding is meant to serve as a multifunctional asset determined by the individual resident, increasing their agency and the prioritization of their needs in the design.
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Thanks to the close collaboration with Amar’s firm, Sai, and I helped them lead a team to remove parts of the Om Shiv Jyoti Park walls. By doing this, we gave our community easier access to the new green spaces. We also redesigned sections to serve multifunctional uses for plantings, displays of art, and street vendor use.
Bamboo serves as an ecologically sensitive alternative to the commin building materials of concrete and steel. The tensile and compressive strengths compare well against conventional materials such as steel and concrete, and is durable, affordable, and more ecologically sustainable.
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By mid fall, our efforts were nearing completion. With the help of Amar’s firm, we had successfully forgone a total redevelopment of our neighborhood, prolonged our tenure, avoided displacement, and strengthened our community bond and agency.
The provision of green spaces within the city is critical to build resilience to a changing climate. For the planning, design and management of nature-based infrastructures to extend their ecological, economic, and socio-cultural benefits across Jaipur, all future developments should incorporate relevant open space provisions.
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Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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We now had guaranteed access to green space and outdoor shaded areas, safer neighborhood streets, improved apartments with operable shading, and additional space to welcome new members into our community.
“Hey, Ravi, is it?” I was out for a morning walk again, enjoying the improved greenspaces in my neighborhood. I turned around to find a stranger approaching me. “Hi,” I was surprised they knew my name, “yes, my name is Ravi”
Our team thinks about what is already in place in Jyoti Nagar. We look to the resident’s already in place, the homes they have made for themselves, and the communities they have developed. We question who the majority is that wants redevelopment to take place, and warrant a need to shift these redevelopment principles towards a more inclusive, functional, ecologically sensitive, and resident-driven planning process. If Jyoti Nagar intends to thrive and be relevant we suggest redevelopment be kept to a minimum.
“Are you from Jyoti Nagar Housing Flats? Can you tell me about your community?”
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As our hard work became more known among similar areas throughout Jaipur, other communities, facing the same challenges we once faced, became inspired to take similar action in their own neighborhoods.
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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05 Neighborhood or Not ?
-- Accelerating Climate Action
Spring 2019 Southeast University Individual work Location: Nanjing, Jiangsu,China Program: Community Design Instructor: Yang Jing
With the urbanizaaon process, the immigrants in ciies increases connnually. More and more high-rise dwellings have been constructed in those newly-developed areas and physically-separated buildings pull people away from their neighbors. Spaaal alienaaon becomes a barrier for people to interact with others. Compared with local residents in Nanjing, those people lack the sense of belonging and the idennty of the city. For those immigrants,those elements result in disappearance of the sense of neighborhood. The The site is located in the suburban area in Nanjing, surrounded by several universiies. The rapid construccon of diverse universiies aaracted many young employers to work and live here. However, they are suffering from the same housing issues as other immigrants. I try to explore a possible paaern to rebuild the sense of neighborhood for those young people, whose shared experience would contribute to their sense of group idennty and belonging. In order to promote community engagement, I transform the typical high-rise building to a mid-rise dwelling cluster, which would reduce the physical distance between the buildings as well as residents. The ground space is used as communal space to provide various services. And different types of boundary play as an important mediator for people living in this community to have different social interaction with their neighbors, which could create an intimate neighborhood.
Huiting Qian | qianhuiting0@gmail.com
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06 The Shared Stage Spring 2018 Southeast University Individual work Location: Nanjing, Jiangsu,China Program: Cultural Art Center Instructor: Guo Yimin
In China, the majority of universities have enclosed boundaries to mark its territory such as fences and solid walls. However, those boundaries highly restrict or halt a good amount of movement from within the territory that it is protecting. Southeast University also encounter those difficulties. Sipailou campus, located in central Nanjing, is surrounded by various living communities and its rich heritages also attract many tourists to visit here. Symmetrical layout of blocks, masses and structures are perceived as boring or uninteresting. Those monumental architectures on campus have impressive monumental scale, which is bigger than human scale. Solid materials also hinder visual contact between different groups. Thus, students in Southeast university, local residents and visitors have difficulty in interacting with each other due to those spatial barriers. By analyzing the potential activities of different groups, this project would like to break through spatial barrier to promote social interaction and gather those activities in site. I explore the openness of interior space and exterior according to the functions. And potential routes in site generate several grids to control the form of building and plaza. I try to link the surrounding context and generate the shared stage of different groups.
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Conceptual Development
All potential routes gather in the sunken plaza, which would attract people to stay here.
The slide panels make enclosed music hall an open space , which can directly connect with sunken plaza. The shared stage would promote interaction on site.
Cafe
Shop Gallery
Rehearse room
Learning space
On the ground, potential routes are the main entrances of the shared stage. It makes the sunken plaza more accessible.
Cafe Exhibition Lounge Backstage Office On the second floor, transparent facade can provide people with visual contact to interact with the shared stage.
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Floor Plans
Wall Sections 8mm 2*20mm 80mm 40/80mm 15mm
3 3
100mm
9
Panel Subfloor(multiply plywood) Sub keel Adjusted Veneer Main Keel Rubber Pad Concrete Floor
Stage Floor
4 7
5
14
1
80/150mm 80mm 100mm 30mm
24
2 12
8mm Bonded Oak Parquet Floor 2*20mm Chipboard(Tongue and Groove Joint)
7 6 Ground Floor 1. Music hall 2. Sunken plaza 3. Cafe 4. Rest room 5. Lobby 6. VIP Room 7. Lighting control room 8. Waiting area 9. Souvenir shop 10. Open learning space 11. Rehearse room 12. Gallery
8
23 Second Floor 13. Duty room 14. School history exhibition 15. Lounge 16. Conference room 17. Administrative area 18. Equipment storeroom 19. Piano storeroom 20. Furniture storeroom 21. Piano practice room 22. Clothing room 23. Dressing room 24. Projection room
13 13
11
10
10
23 23
80mm 40/80mm 15mm
23
100mm
15 22
22
17
300mm
21
Acoustic Wall 17
20
Rock Wool Insulating Layer Slat Sound Insulating Layer Polyethylene Film Reinforced Concrete Layer Profiled Steel Sheet Steeel Beam
17
19
16
18
50mm 40mm 100mm 20-80mm 150mm 300mm
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Steel Bracket Laminated Spruce Board Spruce Overlapping Board (Polished, Varnishing, 8mm Seam) Sound Insulating Layer Reinforced Concrete Layer Plasterboard
Section A
Section
East Elevation
North Elevation
Concrete Slabs Gravel Layer Synthetic Roofing Felt Insulating Layer Vapour Barrier Mortar Layer Concrete Slabs Profiled Steel Sheet Steel Beam
Galvanized Steel grating SHS Steel Brack Aluminium Plate Galvanized Steel Component Column 300*300mm U-steel Component 60/50/4mm (Facede Component) Perforated Aluminum Plate Emergency Hole 1800*1000*1200mm (Aluminium window with insulated 3mm glass) Handrail 40/40/2mm SHS Steel Brack 4mm Stainless Steel Cable 3mm Bending Steel Plate with Edge artifacts 30/30/2mm 80/80/3mm 2mm
Double-Skin Glass Curtain | 37
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07 Beer Revitalization Fall 2018 Iowa State University Team work | Teammate: Zihan Xiao Location: Cincinnati, OH Program: Beer Factory & Museum Instructor: Justin Burnham
Cincinnati was one of the leading beer-producing cities before Prohibition and has a rich brewing heritage dating back over 200 years. However, those big local breweries established a rich, proud heritage – only to meet their demise since 1940s. Only few breweries can carry on it’s tradition of beer into an era of changing tastes. Many factories have been abandoned until today. The site is a typical brownfield in Cincinnati, which refers to abandoned or underutilized properties where expansion or redevelopment is complicated by real or perceived environmental contamination. Through site research, residents from nearby low-income communities were searching for job opportunities and community engagement. Students of brewing science at Cincinnati State College required professional practice. Travelers were also searching for some cultural consensus to recognize the identity of Cincinnati. In view of the many requirements, design proposal is to reinvigorate a previously-thriving beer brewing culture, by bringing it back to the city. From precedent study, technical space and communal space are the main spatial elements of this program. Thus, design strategy is to insert branch-shaped communal spaces like beer museum, gallery and tasting rooms into the brewery—a conventional box building. By gathering different groups in one program, this project creates an incubator for culture, while spreading a simple concept of inclusiveness within the city
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Conceptual Development (1) Mill and then transferred with husk as grist. Hot liquor (i.e., water), at a temperature of 149153 ℉ from the Hot Liquor Tank (2) Hot Liquor Tank, is added to the grain and mixed in the Mash Tun
(3) Mash Tun to aid starches into sugar conversion. After a period, the liquid mix is then moved to the Lauter Tun. (4) Lauter Tun, where it is separated into wort and the mash through a process called lautering. The now wort is removed by aid of grates on the floor of the container, whereas the spent grain is utilized as cattle feed. After advancing the wort to the Wort Kettle. (5) Wort Kettle, the coagulant Irish Moss (a type of seaweed extract) and fresh hops are added to the batch and it is brought to a boil. After boiling, hops may be again added, this time for flavor. Once inside of the Whirlpool Tank . (6) Whirlpool Tank, a jet of hot liquor is implemented to vortex the mash, permitting the solidification of a column of hot trub at the center of the container. Once purified, the wort is cooled by passage through a Heat Exchangerw (7) Heat Exchanger, which in turn warms liquor from the Cold Liquor Tank. (8) Cold Liquor Tank for topping off the Hot Liquor Tank in an effort to save energy. Afterward, yeast is pitched into the wort and oxygen is infused to create the ferment while within the Fermentation Tank. (9) Fermentation Tank. After 10 to 14 days, the ferment has reached peak fomentation and the brew is siphoned off of the dead yeast and hops for transferral to the Bright Tank.
(10) Bright Tank, at which point it is rested and preparation for kegging or bottling occurs.
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Brewing Trail
①
⑦
Entry Hall
Catwalk
②
⑧
Gallery
Beer Collection
③
Hop Planting
⑨
Activity Area
⑦ ⑧
④
④
⑥
Technology Introduction
⑩
Activity Area
⑤
③
② ⑤
⑪
Screening Room
Tasting Room
⑪ ⑫
①
⑨ ⑩ ⑥
⑫
Catwalk
Shop
Brewing Tour Potential Tour View Point
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Floor Plans
Wall Sections
由 由 由 由 由 KSEDOTUA 由
Loading Area
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Kitchen Restaurant Mechanical Room Check-in Lobby Check-out
7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12.
Storage Cooler Shop Activity Area Private Tasting Room Case Storage
13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18.
Tasting Room Reception Breaking Area Conference Room Office Malt Soils
19. 20. 21. 22. 23. 24.
由 由 由 由 由 KSEDOTUA 由
Ground Floor Fermentation Cellar Brewing Hall Canning Control Room Packing Warehouse
由 AUTODESK 由 由 由 由 由
由 AUTODESK 由 由 由 由 由
Second Floor Music hall Sunken plaza Cafe Rest room Lobby VIP Room
由 AUTODESK 由 由 由 由 由
7. Lighting control room 8. Waiting area 9. Souvenir shop 10. Open learning space 11. Rehearse room 12. Gallery
由 AUTODESK 由 由 由 由 由
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
South Elevation
East Elevation
Section 1
Section 2
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View From the Brewing Catwalk
View From the Entry Plaza
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View From the Brewing Catwalk
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08 Social Equity Among Traffic Stop Data
Police Data Analysis of San Francisco | Urban Informatics
Fall 2021 University of Michigan Individual work Location: San Francisco, LA Program: Urban Data Analysis Instructor: Anthony Vanky 1. DESCRIPTION OF THE DATA Traffic Stops conducted by police departments closely relates to the reduction of potential traffic threats. Meanwhile, the premise of taking traffic stops as an effective tool in fighting crime implies the multi-function of discouraging the planned or ongoing criminal activities. The Stanford Open Policing Project has gathered millions of traffic stop records conducted by law enforcement agencies across the United States to facilitate the investigation and promotion of the interactions between police and the public.
2. DESCRIPTIVE STATISTICS OF THE DATA The traffic stop data I am using focuses on the city of San Francisco during Dec 2006 to Jun 2016. In order to produce thorough and critical analysis, I also quoted the census data and demographic information of San Francisco from 2016 US Census Bureau American Community Survey Data. The traffic stop dataset contains many relevant attributes, including the date and time of the stop; the reason for the stop (both the raw and several standardized responses);the location and exact coordinates ( WGS 1984 coordinates); the race and sex of the stopped driver; the outcome of the traffic stop; whether any search of conducted (like driver, passenger, vehicle) has occurred, and the description of searched vehicle.
3. QUESTIONS OF INTEREST In my analysis, I focused on the potential racial disparities of post-stop outcomes , in part because they have standardized results, which makes it easier to measure potential biases. I also investigated potential bias in traffic stop locations compared with the demographic mapping of San Francisco.
3.1 DIFFERENCES IN WARNING RATE The statistical analysis proceeds in progressive steps. First, I assessed potential bias in comparing the
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representation of stopped drivers with that in the residential census. It turned out that the ratios of white and Hispanic drivers who were stopped was approximately equal to demographic proportions. However, the black drivers were stopped disproportionately compared to the proportion of local ethnic composition. I combined the bar chart of San Francisco's ethnic population with the line graph of all stopped drivers' ethnic groups. Blacks occupied 5.35% of total population, but made up to 16.82% of all traffic stops(Fig.1). Although it’s arbitrary to assert the racial disparities in police enforcement process due to the differences in driving patterns(the data of different racial drivers is lacking), the triple ratio gap still implied some potential bias. So my next step was investigating the outcome analysis of the stopped cases. When traffic stop happens, officer would use their own discretion to decide a citation, warning or even arrest based on the reality of the driver. Warning can be considered as the most mild offense, which is often spared the actual citation. In other words, warning is issued to the driver without severe offensive actions or traffic violence. On this premise, I plotted frequency of three outcomes by each race. Results were revealed in the stacked bar graph(Fig.2), which suggested that black and Hispanic drivers received more warnings than other drivers. Moreover, the proportion of blacks getting a warning was up to 41.07%, which was higher than any other ethnic groups. Does it sounds good because black drivers have less possibilities to be actually punished? No, I will say definitely no. If absent discrimination, the outcome tests made police officers by should indicate approximately similar patterns of each race. The reason for officers to initiate a stop is their observations or just suspicions of potential traffic violence at most case. The higher warning percentage of black drivers just proved that the traffic stop had been carried out, but no obvious proof was found to proceed further punishment like a citation or arrest. Considering higher possibility of stopping blacks, the potential bias may make police officers more suspicious about the blacks rather
than other racial drivers. By reductio, polices' stop decision may imply pervasive inequality on the basis of racial profiling. In order to verify my conjecture, I next proceeded to analyze the search rates of those warning drivers. After stopping a driver, police officers may implement a vehicle or frisk search if they suspect any possible criminal activity. That is to say if officers conduct a search, their level of suspicion would be relatively higher than normal. Among all drivers who got a warning, black and Hispanic drivers might be searched at higher rates than white drivers. Only 2.32% white drivers were searched and found no criminal or traffic offense evidence, they
Fig.1 Racial Population Ratio and Racial Stopped Ratio
thus got a warning and free to go. The incredible statistical result was that the 13.20% warned blacks had been searched to resignedly prove their innocent, which meant guiltless blacks were 468.97 % more likely than whites to be searched in a traffic stop. The data captured bias that black and Hispanic drivers still faced discrimination in reality.
3.2 DIFFERENCES IN EXPOSURE TO THE POLICE Another methodological approach to figure out whether officers probably engaged in racial discrimination, focused on the incident sites
Fig.2 Racial Outcome Ratio in Traffic Stops
Stop Locations 0
Fig.3 Racial Searched Ratio among Warned Drivers
0.38 0.75
1.5 Miles Esri, HERE, Garmin, SafeGraph, METI/NASA, USGS, Bureau of Land Management, EPA, NPS, USDA
Fig.4 All Stop locations in San Francisco
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where traffic stop were actually initiated. In Fig.4, I imported all stop locations to ArcGIS software to explore possible geographic relations, which indicated the 313,001 sites were evenly distributed in the built region of San Francisco(except some urban natures, like Lake Merced Park, Golden Gate Park, and so on ). Broadly speaking, the police patrols in the jurisdictions could be a source of objectiveness to testify race-neutral police department. However, the dataset with about 900 thousands records concentrated on 313,001 sites that revealed the existence of repetitive stop locations. Following this logic, I visualized the repetitive stop locations in ArcGIS, which manifested linear and grouped tensions of traffic stops. In Fig.5, the overlap between the multiple-occurred incident sites and the demographic mapping suggested a concentrated tendency of traffic stops in the minority neighborhood. Additionally, the stop locations with higher frequency of occurrence were more likely to focus on the region of one or multiple minorities, meanwhile less intense police enforcement location appeared in the whitedominated areas. One possible criticism maybe triggered because of the ignorance of population density. To illustrate this shortcoming, the cartographic population density (Fig.6) minimized the probability of this argument, with the disproportionate relations between dense population and intense frequency of stop sites. Although the further analysis is needed to strengthen the evidence of probable the department-wide discrimination, the subtle analysis of traffic stop data could be inferred that race is a consistent predictor of attitudes of the officers.
I stand, I hope the police department can conduct self-reflective data analysis of every jurisdiction, and pay attention to the specific region with an statistic abnormality. The more ambitious suggestion is to scheme some trial disciplines to correct the potential racial disparities in conjunction with postcorrection analysis of any latent changes.
5. LIMITATIONS AND FUTURE ANALYSIS My analysis can be divided into two aspects. In first sector, 2016 census data I used as the benchmark might be a little be general to match the traffic stop dataset collected from 2006 to 2016. The annual population flows, especially the racial flows in the city of San Francisco are still needed to excavate and dig deeper. For example, is there any following features of police bias with the flow of racial population.
Fig.5 Racial Distribution and Repetitive Stop Locations
In the second sector, the future analysis may be focus on the specific warning rates of each repeated location, which may bridge my analysis better. If positive correlation happens, the over carry-out traffic stops in particular locations may convey the persistent, discriminatory attitudes towards communities of colour.
4. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSIONS Analyzing nearly 100 thousands traffic stops across the city of San Francisco, I tried to analyze the differences in warning rates of ethnic groups and the distribution of stop locations. The conclusionoriented reductio suggested race is a factor when the officers prone to initiate a stop, specifically, the bias against black and Hispanic drivers really play a role in disproportionate traffic stops. From where
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Fig.6 Population Density and Repetitive Stop Locations
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Thank You for Reading