Endnotes

1 International Labour Organization (ILO), Walk Free and International

Organization for Migration (IOM), ‘Global Estimates of Modern Slavery:

Forced Labour and Forced Marriage’ (Report, September 2022) < https:// www.ilo.org/wcmsp5/groups/public/---ed_norm/---ipec/documents/ publication/wcms_854733.pdf>. 2 European Commission, Proposal for a Directive on corporate sustainability due diligence 2022/0051, 23 February 2022, <https://eur-lex.europa.eu/ legal-content/EN/TXT/?uri=CELEX%3A52022PC0071>. 3 Ibid art 22. 4 Australian Government Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade,

‘Australia-European Union Free Trade Agreement Fact Sheet’ (webpage, accessed 6 October 2022) < https://www.dfat.gov.au/trade/agreements/ negotiations/aeufta/australia-european-union-fta-fact-sheet>. 5 New Zealand Government, Ministry of Business, Innovation and

Employment, A Legislative Response to Modern Slavery and Worker

Exploitation (Discussion Document, 8 April 2022) <https://www.mbie. govt.nz/ dmsdocument/19734-discussion-document-a-legislativeresponse-to-modern-slavery-and-worker-exploitation>. 6 New Zealand Government, Ministry of Business, Innovation and

Employment, Consultation on Legislation to Address Modern Slavery and

Worker Exploitation (Summary of Feedback, September 2022) <https:// www.mbie. govt .nz/assets/consultation-on-legislation-to-addressmodern-slavery-and-worker-exploitation-summary-of-feedback.pdf>. 7 Australian High Commission New Zealand, ‘Closer economic relations (CER)’ (webpage, accessed 6 October 2022) <https://newzealand.embassy. gov.au/wltn/CloseEconRel.html>. 8 Senator the Hon Marise Payne, ‘Australia ratifies International Forced

Labour Protocol’ (5 April 2022), available at: https://www.foreignminister. gov.au/minister/marise-payne/media-release/australia-ratifiesinternational-forced-labour-protocol#:~:text=The%20Australian%20

Government%20has%20now,all%20of%20its%20insidious%20forms. 9 Lise Smit et al, ‘Business Views on Mandatory Human Rights Due

Diligence Regulation: A Comparative Analysis of Two Recent Studies’ (2020) 5(2) Business and Human Rights Journal 261. 10UN High Commissioner for Human Rights, OHCHR Assessment of human rights concerns in the Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region, People’s

Republic of China, 31 August 2022 <https://www.ohchr.org/sites /default/ files/documents/countries/2022-08-31/22-08-31-final-assesment.pdf>. 11 Uyghur Forced Labor Prevention Act of 2021 <https://www.congress.gov/ bill/117th-congress/house-bill/1155/text>. 12 European Commission, Proposal for a regulation on prohibiting products made with forced labour on the Union market 2022/0269, 14 September 2022, < https://single-market-economy.ec.europa.eu/ document/785da6ffabe3-43f7-a693-1185c96e930e_en>. See also European Commission,

‘Commission moves to ban products made with forced labour on the

EU market’ (press release, 14 September 2022) <https://ec.europa.eu/ commission/presscorner/detail/en/ip_22_5415>. 13 Foo Yun Chee, ‘EU aims to ban products, imports made with forced labour – document’, Reuters (online, 10 September 2022) <https://www.reuters. com/markets/europe/exclusive-eu-seeks-ban-products-made-with-forcedlabour-document-2022-09-09/>. 14 See, eg, US Customs and Border Protection, ‘Withhold Release Orders and Findings List’ (Web Page, 3 November 2022) <https://www.cbp.gov/ trade/forced-labor/withhold-release-orders-and-findings>; See also

Zsombor Peter, ‘Forced labour claims at Malaysian firms spur spate of

US import bans,’ VOA (online, 10 February 2022) < https://www.voanews. com/a/forced-labor-claims-at-malaysian-firms-spur-spate-of-us-importbans-/6433838.html>. 15 Health and Care Bill 2022 (UK). 16 Mohammed Forhad Mia and others v Kimberly Clark Corporation and

Ansell Corporation and Ansell Healthcare Products LLC Case No. 22-2353,

US District Court for the District of Columbia. This case was brought on the 9th of August 2022 under the Trafficking Victims Protection

Reauthorization Act. 17 See Parliament of the Commonwealth of Australia, Senate Economics

References Committee, Systemic, sustained and shameful: Unlawful underpayment of employees’ renumeration (Report, March, 2022) < https:// apo.org.au/sites/default/files/resource-files/2022-03/apo-nid317205.pdf>. 18Horticulture Award 2020 [2021] FWCFB 5554. 19 Australian Government, ‘Jobs and Skills Summit Outcomes’ (1-2 October 2022) <https://treasury.gov.au/sites/default/files/inline-files/Jobs-and-

Skills-Summit-Outcomes-Document.pdf>. 20Global Labor Justice-International Labor Rights Forum (GLJ-ILRF) on behalf of the Seafood Working Group (SWG), Comments Concerning the Ranking of Thailand by the United States Department of State in the 2022 Trafficking in Persons Report (Submission, 7 April 2022) <https:// laborrights.org/sites/default/files/ publications/SWG%20Thailand%20

TIP%20Report%202022%20Submission_Final_April-7-2022_0.pdf>. 21 The Nation, ‘Police special unit to crack down on illegal fishing’, The

Nation (online, 15 February 2022) <https://www.nationthailand.com/infocus/40012358>. 22 United States Innovation and Competition Act of 2021 <https://www.congress.gov/bill/117th-congress/senate-bill/1260>. 23 Australian Government, Review of Australia’s Modern Slavery Act (Issues

Paper, August 2022) <https://consultations.ag.gov.au/crime/modernslavery-act-review/user_uploads/review-modern-slavery-act-issues-paper. pdf>.