Agriculture supplement

Page 1

A G A C T I O N 2014

Statement from the Canadian Minister of Agriculture by Hon. Gerry Ritz, Canada’s Minister of Agriculture The agriculture and agri-food industry drives jobs and economic growth, and has helped put Canada on the map as a major trading nation. It employs one in eight Canadians and contributes more than eight per cent of our Gross Domestic Product. Sustaining a strong and viable industry relies on opening and expanding agricultural markets around the world, giving industry the legislative tools and regulatory framework it needs to compete in the 21st century, and delivering proactive investments to help farmers and food processors meet consumers’ demands for safe, innovative, high-quality food. Canada’s new agricultural policy framework, Growing Forward 2, will help deliver this transformative change for the industry. By shifting the focus from reactive to more proactive investments in innovation, competitiveness and market development, Growing Forward 2 will give Canada’s food producers and processors the tools they need to compete at home and abroad. A new suite of programs in innovation, competitiveness and markets, backed by federal, provincial and territorial investments of $3 billion, will help the sector achieve its full potential as a productive and profitable part

of Canada’s economy. Governments will continue to provide on-going support for a complete and effective suite of Business Risk Management programs to help farmers affected by severe market volatility and unforeseen disasters. Likewise, we are modernizing Canada’s grain industry through changes to the Canada Grain Act and by implementing marketing freedom for grain farmers, which has helped drive the economy across Western Canada. Working closely with our colleagues across government, we have also played a lead role in proposing changes that respond to industry needs for a more predictable, efficient and effective rail system for all shippers, including farmers. On the international stage, our Government continues to open up new avenues for income across the entire sector by advancing free trade agreements, working to overcome trade restrictive measures and obstacles, while promoting science-based approaches to trade, and leading trade missions to our key and emerging agri-food markets around the world. The future of our agriculture and food industry is bright, with a growing global population demanding the quality, innovation and safety our farmers

Hon. Gerry Ritz, Canada’s Minister of Agriculture

and food processors can deliver. Working with the entire portfolio, and supported by science, business skills and strategic investments, we have a tremendous opportunity to rethink and reshape Canadian agriculture. The goal is to deliver more jobs for Canadians, a stronger farm gate, and stable, long-term growth for the Canadian economy. I can’t imagine a more rewarding challenge.

Farming an iconic animal by braedon clark, Journal Staff Writer They used to wander the plains of Canada and tibiotics or growth stimulants,” said Mark Silzer, new market. the United States in the millions, but now wild a Humboldt resident, bison farmer and president “We could see growth in the European market bison are segregated into tiny patches of North of the Canadian Bison Association. “There’s a of 25 times what we’re doing now,” Silzer said. America’s national parks and protected reserves. consumer base out there that’s looking for a For Silzer, Kroeger and other producers, the Wild bison were a common sight in Saskatch- certain type of product, and bison fits that bill.” primary benefit to raising bison as compared to ewan in the 19th century but now, outcattle is maintenance and labour; bison side of a small wild herd in Prince Albert are suited to survive in extreme climates National Park, you’re only going to see and generally require no assistance when them on farms and ranches as a relatively it comes to calving. new food source. “It’s an easier animal to raise,” Kroeger According to the 2011 census, there said. “There’s less hands-on work and you are 352 producers in Saskatchewan raisdon’t have to help with calving.” ing upwards of 39,000 bison. While no There’s also a special appeal to raising one thinks bison will ever replace beef as bison, an animal with such an impora source of meat, it is a growing, niche tant connection to the history of North industry that is still less than 30 years old. America. When Les Kroeger bought four cows “It takes a special person to raise biin the winter of 1989, there were only 24 son,” Kroeger said. “It’s not for everyone, producers in the province. These days and I don’t mean that in a bad way. Their on his farm in Hanley, just south of Sas- There are approximately 39,000 bison being raised on farms in wild instinct comes out quickly when katoon, he has 40 cows and about 100 Saskatchewan. The industry is relatively young but producers they’re in confined spaces. You need to head of bison overall. Back then, Kroeger are hopeful it will continue to expand as new markets open up. have knowledge of the animal because thought he was getting in on the ground photo courtesy of Les Kroeger they can be hard to handle, they’re very floor of an emerging industry. smart and intelligent. “People were looking for ways to diversify back Silzer got started in the bison industry in 1994 “It’s not for the faint of heart,” he continued, then,” Kroeger remembered. “They were getting with his sister and brother-in-law, like Kroeger “and I’m not trying to scare people away, you into elk, emu, ostrich. Out of all those industries, taking a calculated gamble on a young and un- just need to know what you’re doing when you bison is doing the best today, even with some proven market. Like almost all meat producers in work with them.” growing pains.” Canada, Silzer was hurt by the mad cow scare in As the demand for meat in emerging econoThose growing pains included developing a 2003, but the market has rebounded well, with mies like China and India continues to grow and marketing strategy and convincing consumers demand sometimes outstripping supply. About as consumers in North America continue to be that bison weren’t just an endangered species, 40 per cent of Saskatchewan’s bison are exported mindful of health considerations, the outlook for but a healthy, low-fat alternative to beef. to the U.S., though a pending free trade agree- bison could be bright. “There is limitless growth potential,” Silzer said. “The product is leaner and grown with no an- ment with the European Union could open a vast

PAGE 2 • AG ACTION 2014

Statement from the Saskatchewan Minister of Agriculture by Hon. Lyle Stewart, Saskatchewan Minister of Agriculture I am pleased to present the Ministry of Agriculture’s Plan for 2013-14. The Government’s Direction and Budget for 2013-14 are built on the principle of Balanced Growth, supporting an ongoing focus on sound economic growth and shared prosperity. Agriculture is an integral part of our Saskatchewan Plan for Growth. Our goals are to increase crop production by 10 million tonnes; increase agri-food exports by 50 per cent; establish Saskatchewan as a global leader in bioscience; and increase value-added opportunities, all by 2020. The 2013-14 Ministry of Agri-

culture Budget is $407.2M, one of the five largest budgets in history, all since we formed government in 2007. About 71 per cent of this budget will go toward fully funding business risk management programs including AgriStability, AgriInvest and Crop Insurance. The Crop Insurance program includes another record budget of $198 million, as well as record coverage for producers. Since 2008, we have introduced the six largest budgets and highest coverage levels in the program’s history. We are increasing funding for strategic initiatives that will help the sector be more competitive in the

long term. We are providing more than $40.2 million in the areas of agriculture innovation, research and technology transfer; environment; farm business management; rural water infrastructure; food safety, plant and animal health; value-added business development; trade and market development; and agriculture awareness initiatives. These investments will help producers, the industry and the Province meet our ambitious growth targets. The Ministry will report on progress made toward this plan, within the financial parameters provided, in the 2013-14 Annual Report.

Hon. Lyle Stewart, Saskatchewan Minister of Agriculture

New ‘Super Fruit’ sweeping Saskatchewan soil by Kyle Peters, Tisdale Recorder Writer Saskatchewan is beginning to see a new crop pop up in all regions of the province. Producers are starting to test the market for a new ‘super fruit’ crop that is relatively new to North America in the form it’s being seen in now. This crop is of the haskap berry. The haskap is native to Japan and Eastern Asia, but has a close relative that grows naturally in North America already, known commonly as the sweetberry honeysuckle. The fruit has been popular overseas for decades, but with their demand from rising population and shrinking amounts of available farmland, they are starting to seek out new sources of the hardy, nutritious berry. These berries are now being noticed as a

health food for their incredibly high nutritive content. It is a high source of vitamin C, contains more than twice as much calcium and vitamin A as a Florida orange, and is also a great source of minerals such as potassium, magnesium, iron, zinc, copper and manganese. It is also very rich in antioxidants, almost 50% more so than blueberries, making it a great preventative dietary inclusion. The haskap is an incredibly tough plant, able to grow even in the harsher lands in Saskatchewan’s north. Its flowers are able to withstand temperatures as low as -11ºC, and still produce fruit when they mature. Another factor that helps this plant grown in climates further north than most other

fruit crops are able to withstand, is its relatively short amount of time required to become fully mature. The haskap will commonly start blooming in May, when seeded at typical times. This crop is quickly gaining attention from producers across the province, as it is highly resistant to disease, the fact that deer are not attracted to its fruit, and the fact that they really don’t require a lot of attention to grown healthily. This, coupled with the already existing export market in Japan, and the newly rising market in Canada and the United States for products such as wines, juices, and as a health food, considering its nutritional content. The haskap is sure making new waves in the Saskatchewan fruit industry.

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As grain sits, worries mount by braedon clark, Journal Staff Writer Saskatchewan’s farmers produced a record crop in 2013 but as grain languishes in elevators and ships waiting to be loaded sit in Vancouver for weeks on end, the excitement of that bumper crop is beginning to fade into frustration. A major backlog on the railways — estimates peg Canadian National and Canadian Pacific Railways at tens of thousands of cars behind schedule — has left many farmers wondering why they can’t get their grain to market. At least 100 of those concerned farmers met in Humboldt on Feb. 19 at a meeting of the Agricultural Producers Association of Saskatchewan (APAS). There were several speakers who explained the problem as they see it, from a lack of incentive for railways to increase costs by upgrading service to delays at the Port of Vancouver, where much of Saskatchewan’s grain is exported around the world. “I believe it’s a logistics problem,” said Gerry Gault, president of Grain Workers’ Union Local 333. “Getting grain onto boats faster has to be our top priority,” he said to applause. The questions from the crowd were many, although most centred around one issue: where are the rail cars? The answer is complicated but according to Richard Gray, a professor of agricultural economics at the University of Saskatchewan and a farmer in Indian Head, the main issue is one of power imbalance: the railways aren’t nearly as desperate to move the grain as the farmers are, especially during the winter months, when it’s more expensive. “We’re hearing the railways say, ‘We don’t have to move the grain this year because if we don’t we can move it next year,’” Gray said. “That’s evidence of how much market power they have because they have captive shippers.” There’s also the issue of the revenue cap, a limit imposed on the rail companies by the Canadian

Agricultural Producers Association of Saskatchewan president Norm Hall speaks during a meeting in Humboldt on Feb. 19. The momentum of a record grain crop has been stymied by a backlog on the railways. photo by Braedon Clark Transportation Agency that caps how much CP and CN can earn by shipping grain. According to Gray, the cap creates an incentive for the railroads to ease back on shipping grain during the most expensive times of year, as no matter how much grain they ship there is a limit on how much they can make. It’s a system that manages costs for farmers but can make it more difficult to ship grain when there is a bumper crop. “Railways plan for a particular size of crop and when it comes in bigger than that you’d expect

they’d be short of crews, short of trains,” Gray said. “Similarly the terminals might not have the workforce they need to fully move the grain.” The issue is primarily one of transportation, the rail link that connects the grain sitting in terminals in Saskatchewan with the waiting ships in Vancouver and elsewhere. For some railway executives, devoting cars and crews to grain isn’t as attractive as other options. “If you had one commodity where you made this much on, and another that you were capped and you made that much on, which one would you give attention to?” asked CP President and CEO Hunter Harrison to reporters in Calgary. He added that CP is still committed to clearing out the grain backlog. “The best thing for us to do right now is to move grain, and that is what we are trying to do, and we are setting records.” Some farmers might be inclined to support a removal of the revenue cap to encourage CN and CP to ship as much grain as possible, but Gray said that would be a mistake that would only cost farmers more money. “Producers in Montana, where they have an unregulated railway, are paying twice as much on freight rates as we are,” he said. Discussion at the APAS meeting also turned to the potential solution of political advocacy and lobbying. APAS members were traveling to Ottawa soon but weren’t necessarily optimistic that they would be able to gain much traction with decision-makers. As the days and weeks pass with no significant ease in the grain backlog, farmers who haven’t been able to sell their grain yet will continue to feel the squeeze. What many thought would be a dream crop season has instead turned into a bit of a nightmare. “It’s really put farmers in a tough situation,” Gray said.

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It’s not easy being green by Chelsea Laskowski, university of Regina, Journalism School Two decades after moving onto a farm from the big city, HĂŠlène Tremblay-Boyko still considers herself a hippie. “I was very much impressed, psychologically, and emotionally by the whole movement. I have always known I wanted to live on the land. I had a different notion of what it was going to be, but I came with some pretty romantic ideas of what farming could be,â€? she explained. Love brought her and her husband Alvin Boyko from Calgary to Alvin’s hometown of Canora. In 1989, the couple bought and converted his parents’ farmland into an organic farm. Today Tremblay-Boyko, her husband and another couple are the driving force behind BreadRoot Farms, a company built on land full of organic grains, cattle and vegetables. Her business maintains the ideals that brought her to rural Saskatchewan but it hasn’t always been easy. The last three years have been lean. Major flooding in 2010 kept them from planting seed, and ground conditions since have been poor. Luckily, Tremblay-Boyko and her husband had the foresight to purchase pasture land and cattle in 2008. When last year’s oats went into the soil too late to be sold for profit, they became bales to feed the cattle instead of going to waste. According to Tremblay-Boyko the diversity kept their farm from going too deep into the red. “Organic farming without livestock, it’s crippled. It’s on crutches. It doesn’t perform the way it should. But organic farming with the livestock, is incredible.â€? Tremblay-Boyko is one of many entrepreneurs in the province pursuing environmentally-friendly work. Green careers vary from organic food producers, to innovative gardeners, to good teachers. These types of businesses are only just starting to become mainstream in Saskatchewan. Stacey Tress knew there would

be a learning curve in her landscape design and sustainable gardening business when she moved to Yorkton from Guelph, Ontario three years ago. While well-received in Ontario, her ideas were unfamiliar to people in her new home. She is introducing Yorkton residents to the concept of permaculture, an environmental design that involves planning gardens and agriculture by recognizing “patterns in nature and applying those to your designs. “We felt you could do the greatest good in a smaller area. Feeling more like you’re a trailblazer, setting the way, blazing your own path rather than catching up to the wave,� she explained. Local farmers’ markets, seed exchanges, and community events have helped her slowly build a client base. She’s seen increased interest in her services, which include growing local produce and selling it in bundled food baskets and teaching permaculture, composting, and food preservation workshops. But it’s not always smooth sailing. “I’ve done workshops where no one showed up. So you just take that with a grain of salt. You know you’re building on something but it’s not an instant success by any means.� Tress learns more each season. She discovered that bad weather and busy schedules make winter a bad time for workshops. She uncovered social media’s ability to drum up business. Paying attention to the community’s needs are key. Nothing exemplifies this more than Tress’s realization that a large number of people in Yorkton with celiac disease were looking for ways to remove breads, grains and other gluten-laden food from their diets. “It just sort of hit me. I can make things for them, inspire them and educate them. I gobbled up a whole bunch of customers that way.� Tress, who has a young daughter at home, accepts that her business

alone can’t support her family. “We’re just not ready for that,� she stated. “I do know people that are involved in permaculture that are making complete livings off of it and one day we’d like to be there.� Meanwhile, Tremblay-Boyko is convincing people that her goals are worth reaching for. She first encountered resistance to organic farming long ago with her husband’s father. “(He) was convinced we would lose the farm and he had no trouble

expressing that. It was very hard for that first year until he realized we could do this.� Since then Tremblay-Boyko says she’s changed a lot more attitudes towards organic. A neighbour recently commented that despite spraying his crops three times in a year, he was still left with more weeds than Tremblay-Boyko’s unsprayed crop. And each new customer is a sign that her romantic ideas weren’t so unrealistic after all.

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Canola farmers get ego boost from pair of scientists by Caitie McRae, Journal Editor Canola farmers may soon be rejoicing. A recent study concludes that rival oils such as corn, sunflower and safflower, high in the fatty acid omega-6, is not as beneficial to the heart as previously believed. But there’s more to the story than that. A pair of Canadian scientists, Richard Bazinet from the University of Toronto’s department of nutritional sciences, and Dr. Michael Chu, a cardiologist based out of the University of Western Ontario, are asking for Health Canada to reverse their 2012 decision to let manufacturers of certain oils label their products with health claims. “The issue is that Health Canada lets these companies advertise that their oils high in omega-6 fatty acids are good for your heart because they lower cholesterol,” Bazinet said. “Yes, they may lower cholesterol but our

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studies show that not only do they show no real benefit to curb heart disease, they actually might increase your risk of developing heart problems,” he added. For any regular grocery shopper, these newfound claims are sure to be quite surprising. Walking down the aisle in a supermarket, you’ll see claim after claim jumping out at you from product labels: “Fat free”, “Lowers cholesterol,” “Light” and “Reduced sodium” are just a few of hundreds of health advertising that can be found on products. Popping into a local grocery store in Humboldt and taking a stroll down the aisle of salad dressings and oils, sure enough, a bottle of corn oil was certified heart-healthy by the health check symbol from the Heart and Stroke Foundation. A claim that was approved by Health Canada. “See what I mean?” Bazinet said. “A product should never, ever be labeling their item with a health claim unless they’re 100 per cent certain of it. And our study is able to poke many holes in that assertion.” The idea to undertake this study came to the scientists awhile back, said Bazinet. He said working in the health field pertaining to nutrition, there was always skepticism and uncertainty of what benefits omega-6 actually had on the heart. “This isn’t new,” he said. “We’ve always wondered about omega-6 and wanted to do more research into it. There’s been controversial literature for a long time.” Bazinet, who has a PhD in nutritional sciences and is the Canada research chair of brain lipid

metabolism, began the study with Chu about three months ago. They analyzed papers, studies, medical literature and journal publications, all pertaining to the effects fatty acids like omega-6 and omega-3 have on the body, specifically the heart. They came across a paper from 2003 that claimed, in a nutshell, that omega-6 was good for the heart because it lowered cholesterol, the same paper that drove Health Canada into allowing health claims on oil products in 2012. “That’s true though. We have no problem with the claim that omega-6 lowers cholesterol, because it can,” Bazinet said. “But when sunflower or corn oil companies advertise that on their labels, it insinuates that it’ll improve your heart health because it lowers cholesterol, when really, there are a lot of other things you need to do to combat heart disease. Cholesterol isn’t always a factor.” That same paper made no mention of the direct effects oils rich in omega-6 have on coronary artery disease. An even bigger problem, said Bazinet, is that they also came across a more recent study from 2010, released after the aforementioned paper, by scientist Chris Ramsden. Using randomized controlled trials (“Let’s just say they’re the gold standard of scientific trials,” said Bazinet), Ramsden’s study determined that only with the help of its cousin, omega-3s, do omega-6 oils provide noticeable benefits to the heart, such as reducing heart attacks. On its own, his research showed that omega-6 did not lower the risk of such an occurrence. Continued on page 11

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Difficult times: stress on the farm Stress has always been thought to affect people with high-profile jobs living in fast-paced cities. But citadines can no longer lay claim to owning stress, it has reached rural communities. These days, it’s farmers who face tremendous pressure as they work to balance farm and off-farm work, struggling to have the farm support itself. Many factors that influence a farm’s viability are out of a farmer’s control. Often what they cannot control causes them to feel the most stress. Factors affecting stress on the farm include: the weather, increased output costs, long working hours, erratic markets, increased government regulation and complicated paperwork, the list goes on. The effects of stress are what farmers have to watch out for. Stress can occur suddenly, with no warning – such as when a hailstorm destroys a crop of canola. Stress can build rapidly, when one thing after another goes wrong in a day, or it can snowball over weeks and months, for example when poor cash flow, high debt and personal worries escalate. The consequences of “too much stress� for a farm family can vary, from tension in family relationships to poor operational decision, or even worse, to death from a farm incident.

People vary in their ability to handle stress – everyone views stressful situations differently and has different coping skills. The Institute of Agricultural Rural and Environmental Health (U of S) has been instrumental in addressing this problem, with a self-help publication that farmers can acquire from the institute. They have also set up a “Farm Stress Line� (1-800-667-4442) which is staffed by peer counsellors, men and women from the farm who are trained to assist people in crisis. Operating from 8 am – 9 pm, Mondays to Fridays and holidays, they take calls on personal and family issues, financial situations and other concerns affecting the farm operations. The guide is helpful in developing awareness, acceptance, coping and action skills in the farmer, and offers solutions or steps a farmer can take. Things like delegating, saying no to extra commitments, and setting realistic goals are just some of the suggestions that can be most helpful. Stress for farmers continues as rural communities shrink, schools close and fewer services are conveniently available. As members of these communities, farmers work to fill the gaps in attempts to keep their communities functioning. Rural communities in turn are affected by the high stress farm environment.

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Wild boar continue to pose a threat to Saskatchewan agriculture by Vanda Schmockel, university of regina journalism school “We had to do something to preserve our livelihood.” It might sound melodramatic, but Bob Brickley, a rancher near Moose Mountain Provincial Park, said this was the thought that went through his head shortly before he began hunting feral wild boar roughly eight years ago. He said wild boar had entered his cattle herd’s feeding area, causing one of his cows to break her leg after being charged. Six others in the herd were also attacked. “The following summer the wild boar started rooting in our crops and damaging the standing crops as well,” he said. “It was very obvious at that point that if we let this continue, they literally would prevent us from

surviving economically on the farm.” Wild boar were first introduced to Saskatchewan in the late ‘70s through early ‘90s as a way to diversify agriculture in the province. By 2006, there were 81 wild boar farms operating in Saskatchewan. Those numbers have reportedly dwindled in recent years, but we’re seeing the legacy of some of those farming endeavors today – in the form of feral wild boar. And their numbers are on the rise. It’s estimated that the rate of escape for wild boar is in the range of three per cent per year. Once they’ve gone feral, they’re very adaptable – even in the face of a cruel Saskatchewan winter. “A lot of invasive species wouldn’t survive because they can’t tolerate the winters, but

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PAGE 8 • AG ACTION 2014

boar come from Siberia, so this is like a mild winter for them,” said Dale Harvey, executive director of the Saskatchewan Association of Rural Municipalities. SARM is responsible for allocating a $50 thousand annual fund made available by the province for the express purpose of controlling wild boar. And the way the wild boar are being controlled at the moment is by hunting. That’s not as easy as it might sound. Part of the problem is finding out where the boar are, and that’s what Ryan Brook, an assistant professor in the college of agriculture and bioresources at the University of Saskatchewan is trying to do. His research over the past year has involved using a network of trail cameras to document the presence and movement of boar. It turns out the animals have really gotten around. Brook and his team have recorded wild boar from Tisdale to Tobin Lake. But wild boar activity has also been reported much further afield - from southeastern Saskatchewan all the way up to the Battlefords. Brook said the animal’s inherent hardiness and propensity for prolific breeding is what makes them such a successful species on the prairie. The boar become sexually active at six months of age, and sows can produce two litters annually, averaging six per litter, causing their population to grow exponentially by the year. Brook said they pose a real threat – not just to agriculture, but to local ecosystems as well, displacing other species including lownesting birds. And then there are the threats to public health. “There’s a number of potential diseases that boar could become a reservoir for, and could transmit to people and livestock. So those are important concerns, for sure,” he said. Some of the diseases linked to wild boar include bovine tuberculosis, pseudo-rabies, and Brucellosis – a disease that is transmissible to humans and has already been linked to the hunting and handling of wild boar. Some say it’s a potential disaster in the making. Brickley attended the International Wild Pig Conference in San Antonio, Texas last year and said he received words of warning from another rancher who reflected on how he might have dealt with the problem there with the benefit of hindsight. “I said ‘what would you do if you could go back 15 years?’ and he said ‘well, my neighbours and I would stop everything we were doing, and we’d hunt those bastards until every one was dead.’” But, as Brickley points out, once you figure out where the boar are, it isn’t as simple as just heading out with a shot gun. The boar are experts at outwitting the average hunter, so careful planning and strategizing is needed. “You have to understand the intelligence of these animals,” he said. “If you wander in with the traditional hunting methods that most people use in North America, the wild boar know you’re there and they just outmaneuver you. You have to locate them without them knowing. They’re incredibly smart. Their intelligence is way beyond what I would ever have imagined.” When Brickley organizes a hunt, he said he’s sure to assemble a small group of very experienced boar hunters. The best time to hunt is in winter – when the boar’s thick black fur contrasts against the snow. His first step is to locate the boar by air. Brickley has a small plane that he takes out to scout the boars’ location before heading out into the field with guns. Continued on page 15

Getting out of winter and into Yuma by melanie jacob, Journal Staff Writer It’s like another home away from home. For farmers who work hard during the summer months, winter is a time for warmth and vacation. Oddly enough, that’s usually in Yuma, Arizona. “It’s the hotspot in the U.S. with the average warmest temperature,� said Emer Gudmundson, a senior farmer from the Mozart area. “You hear about it by word of mouth. A couple of friends of ours told us about it and we started coming here 20 years ago.� While farmers’ vacations aren’t exclusive to Yuma, it is a popular destination. According to Gudmundson, part of the reason is because of the consistent weather. While you may get the odd windstorm, it’s unlikely to get stormy weather. “We have a permanent place. Most of us do,� said Gudmundson. “There are quite a few people here from the Wynyard, Foam Lake, and Humboldt area. Lots of grain farmers that don’t have livestock to worry about. Lots of retirees too.� According to Carrie Hiebert, owner of Thompson Travel Agency Ltd., Yuma’s popularity is normal for people with some time on their hands. “A lot of people from their own neighbourhood are in Yuma,� said Hiebert. “When you go there, you’re running into all your neighbours. It’s safe, secure, and very comfortable.� Hiebert also said that that trend might be changing. Many seniors and people in general are tired of seeing the same places and faces and are looking for a change. “The world isn’t as big as it used to be. People are more worldly,� she said. “They’re looking at other things. They’re ready for a change. Maybe they want to try something new and different.� According to Hiebert, other locations such as Portugal, Australia, Bali, and Thailand are also

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gaining in popularity. Preferences might depend on the temperature, culinary tastes, or cultural experiences. For many, however, changing vacation locations now would be a bit more difficult due to permanent ties to the area. Some may have homes they bought or homes that were inherited from their parents. Some have money invested in that area in other ways. “It’s not for everyone,� said Hiebert. “Sometimes people just want to go where the language is the same, money is the same, or the

food is the same.� For Gudmundson, however, it’s just a nice place to kick back for a while. “It’s quite scenic, not a flat desert. There’s mountainous area around, lots of golf courses and the municipal golf courses aren’t that expensive,� he said. “I come for an average four months of the year. Some come out for a little longer, about three to five months.� After working hard during the summer months, it’s a well-earned vacation for him and every other farmer.

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The name of the game Naming your farm or business, while not quite on par with naming your children, nevertheless requires careful consideration. Ideally, it’s something you’ll be looking at and living with for a long, long time. You really want to get it right. The right name can help your business; the wrong one might hurt it. The first name that pops into your head may be the absolute best choice, but a bit more deliberation may yield something even better. Take your time, talk to friends and family. Take a poll. Make a list of names you like and take some time to figure out why you like them. While you’re brainstorming names, there are a few other things you might want to think about: 1. Make sure no other business entity has the same name you’ve chosen, and that you can use the name for a website Even if you don’t have the time or even the desire to set up a website now, you may change your mind down the road, and then find that the name you want is already taken. Secure a url (name for the site) now, and it will be there if/when you need it. A dot com name will cost about $10 per year. Sometimes the less-in-demand suffixes such as “dot us� or “dot org� cost even less. Once you have it registered, you can keep it as long as you want but you have to keep registering it. You’ll find plenty of online information that can help with this such as: www.dot.ca, www.godaddy.com and www. networksolutions.com For a few dollars more some may offer help in building your website.

One way to provide heightened name protection is incorporating your business at the federal level. For online application, the fee is $200. For non-online application, the fee is $250. You will be required to confirm that your corporate name is not the same as or too similar to one already in use. You can use the computerized search system, NUANS to do this search. NUANS will compare your proposed corporate name or trade-mark with databases of existing corporate bodies and trade-marks, and produce a list of names that are most similar. To search your corporate name go to www.nuans.com. When incorporating, avoid names with words such as government, ministry or board, words with a royal or crown association such as queen and well-known brands or names such as Olympic as these will be rejected. Once your name is approved with Corporations Canada, it is protected across Canada, except in Quebec. The Quebec Corporations Database can be searched at: Registraire des entreprises du QuÊbec. 2. Tread carefully with acronyms and puns. Back in January, 2000, Canada’s Conservative party united with the newbie Reform party to create the Canadian Conservative Reform Alliance Party, or in acronym, CCRAP. One day later, the party changed its official name to the Canadian Reform Conservative Alliance, but the giggles persisted for many days.

Make sure that if your name consists of more than one word you don’t end up with an embarrassing acronym. Should you pun? It’s up to you. People tend to love or hate puns. Do the following examples make you clap or cringe? How do you think your customers would react? There’s Bona Foodie, (a market in Brighton, England), The Stalk Market, (a flower shop in Seattle, Washington) and Lord of the Fries (a restaurant in Melbourne, Australia). 3. Get it right grammatically Be careful with the placement of apostrophes. They can easily trip us up and impart incorrect information. For example: let’s say farmer, Jerry Bell calls his farm Bell’s Organic Oasis. If Jerry’s wife or offspring were also owners or involved in the business, the apostrophe would move over one space to show that there was more than one Bell and become Bells’ Organic Oasis. If your name already ends in an ‘s’ such as Burgess, the correct form is an apostrophe followed by an s, as in : Burgess’s Bovine Ranch. And for more than one Burgess — Burgess’ Bovine Ranch. This is according to The Canadian Press Stylebook. American sources might say that it’s also acceptable to add an apostrophe after names ending in s whether or not they are plural. To further confuse the issue, names ending with an –iz sound often take only an apostrophe. Names ending in a silent s or x take an apostrophe and s. Example: Duplessis’s Dogwood Farm, Lacroix’s Certified Seed. If there is more than one Duplessis or Lacroix, the correct form would be: Duplessis’ Dogwood Farm and Lacroixs’ Certified Seed. 4. Keep it simple An obscure name may be loaded with meaning for you but if potential customers don’t have the same associations it might be difficult for them to remember. Similarly, shorter is better than longer and earlier in the alphabet is better than later. Think Yellow pages. Make it easy to spell. On the other hand, at least one business owner chose to use her own name which is a bit of challenge, spelling-wise, but has also bought domain names for incorrect spellings. Those who land there are re-directed to her website. 5. Watch out for fads that may not last For example, abandoning capitalization and writing your company’s name entirely in lower case or omitting letters as in Flickr. It might look trendy now, but in a few years’ time, will it just look dated? 6. Think about word association pros and cons Family surnames give a sense of heritage and stability. Regional place names can impart a homey, buy local feel, but might be limiting if you plan on expanding out of the immediate area.

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Canola farmers get ego boost from pair of scientists Continued from page 6 The pair delved further. They found a paper from the 1960s, titled the Sydney Diet Heart Study, which tested out safflower oil, or safflower oil margarine, which is high in omega-6 but has hardly any omega-3, on a group. The study showed the group had reduced cholesterol levels but “significantly higher rates� of death, cardiovascular disease and coronary artery disease. In other words, according to Bazinet and Chu’s examination of past studies, omega-6 can lower cholesterol levels but has a direct effect on heart disease, even increasing the chances of getting it. But Bazinet is quick to address concerns some would have with

their findings. In regards to the study from nearly 50 years ago, Bazinet said that “some people are right to point out that it’s an older study� but its findings are still useful and should be taken into consideration. Bazinet and Chu believe there is enough evidence of oils rich in omega-6 causing heart disease that Health Canada should not let manufacturers advertise the opposite message. “[Health Canada] should exempt companies from advertising that their oils can lower cholesterol,� Bazinet said. “The whole problem is that the consumer associates lowering cholesterol with bettering heart disease,� a perception

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Bazinet said their study’s findings do not support. According to Bazinet, Health Canada has not officially responded to his and Chu’s study, but said they would “look into the matter� further. “We’ve had a lot of support on this study,� Bazinet said, referring to various other researchers and scientists who he said came up with similar conclusions about omega-6. But Bazinet said that despite their newfound evidence against the heart-health benefits of omega-6, “it’s still not a public health issue.� “Only about five per cent of oils in the Canadian diet are made up primarily of omega-6,� said Bazi-

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Behind the scenes: production economics Brenda stefanson, PAg Regional FArm Business Management Specialist, Watrous Making and delivering your product or service to the market captures the profit opportunity for your business. Product quality shows the value the customers want. Production systems, facilities and equipment, and purchasing skills all affect the quality, the yield, and the cost of production. In a commodity market, it is increasingly important to manage and maintain a low cost of production. It is hard to improve what you do not measure and compare. Measuring and comparing or benchmarking against your farm’s past performance helps you make improvements within your system and is key to meeting and surpassing

your goals. You can benchmark production yields, quality, costs of production, and production margins. Once you identify the key information that will help you make the best decisions regarding yields, quality, cost of production and margins, you can set up a record keeping system that provides the important information accurately and quickly. These records will enable you to track your improvement year to year and benchmark your operation to other similar farm operations. No one wants to do useless work, but the work that we like to do is not always the work that creates value for the customer. Are there unnecessary steps in your production system that cost

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you money but do not improve the demand for or price of your product? Changes to production practices aimed at increasing quality or creating new markets should not cost more than the potential increase in revenues. In business, there are never enough hours in the day to get production done, so it is important that the production system is as organized as possible. Organize your production system to allow time to manage the other aspects of the business such as marketing, financial, human resources, business direction, and structure and to create time for personal, family, and community activities. If production is your passion, make use of the skills and interests of other members of the farm team to manage other important areas such as marketing, finance or people management. If no one on your farm team has this expertise, consider working with advisors to ensure these key areas are not overlooked. Ensure you are managing the production economics of your farm operation by: • Setting production and quality goals. • Maintaining a record system that provides cost of production, yield, and quality information in a timely manner. • Comparing your results to your past records and to industry benchmarks where available. • Developing positive relationships with your suppliers so they can provide product information, production advice, training, market trend information, and market referrals. • Developing a production risk management strategy so that you are aware of the potential hazards that could prevent you from achieving your production and quality goals and have a plan to address these risks. Financial assistance may be available through the Farm Business Development Initiative to help you cover the costs of training in production economics or working with a consultant to develop a production economics plan. For more information contact the Regional Farm Business Management Specialist or the Agriculture Knowledge Centre at 1-866-457-2377.

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AG ACTION 2014 • PAGE 13

Camelina: an alternative oilseed to watch for By Elodie Adams, Tisdale Recorder Writer For years, Canola has been one of Saskatchewan’s most lucrative oilseed crops. Recently, however, an old breed of oilseed is being reexamined and reintroduced to the province as an alternative. Camelina, also known as false flax or gold-of-pleasure, is once again getting attention for its Omega-3 nutritional attributes and as a possible, affordable source for biodiesel. A member of the mustard family, this annual contains about 34 to 36 percent Omega-3 oil. After its importance as a food crop declined in northern Europe in the Middle Ages, camelina had only been grown sporadically. Aside from its limited use as an edible oil, camelina oil was the lamp oil of choice until the discovery of gas and electricity. Later it was used in the production of soft soaps and coating material. The cultivation of camelina declined further with the introduction of oilseed rape. Recently, plant researchers have brought this oilseed back to the forefront after carrying out studies that show the advantages of growing camelina as opposed to other seeds grown for their oil-producing properties. Some of these advantages are: its short-season crop, with the time from seeding to maturity only 85-100 days; its good frost tolerance in the seeding stage; and the full-grown plants’ good drought tolerance, making it an attractive oilseed crop

alternative for Saskatchewan. Besides being resistant to flea beetles and blackleg disease, its lower input costs make for competitive returns at lower risk.

Plant Sciences. The Saskatoon-based company has contracted 5,000 acres of this strain – known as MidasTM – to Saskatchewan farmers this spring, with the Pleasantdale area that lies between Tisdale and Humboldt one of the pilot sites. Another point in favour of MidasTM camelina has been its use in helping to address the Colony Collapse Disorder in the bee population. This elite variety of winter camelina is one of several flowering crops being used by

researchers in Minnesota and South Dakota to determine if sowing cycles of flowering plants can help revive the declining population of bees and other pollinating insects. The pollinator project is collecting data on how bees respond in spring to fall-planted flowering crops — pennycress, winter camelina and canola. The Midas brand camelina in the US bees/foraging trial went in the ground in late October 2013 and should emerge this spring, when researchers will see how bees respond to the bright yellow flowers of the camelina plant.

Above: MidasTM Camelina is one of the flowering crops being used by researchers in the United States to determine if sowing cycles of flowering plants can help revive the declining population of bees and other pollinating insects. Right: Camelina oil is available in supermarkets in the province. Described as having an earthy, nutty taste, it is rich in Omega-3 polyunsaturates and Vitamin E. Photos by Elodie Adams Now in the province a variety of winter camelina is being bred by Agriculture and AgriFood Canada scientists and commercialized by Linnaeus

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in 2013, 97% of my listings that were sold were to my Buyers (based on dollar volume). PAGE 14 • AG ACTION 2014

Borge’s

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Wild boar continue to pose a threat to Saskatchewan agriculture Continued from page 8

“We don’t hunt them unless they’re in their nest,� he said. “Because when they’re in their nest, they’re resting and usually stay put. And you’ve got to come in on them with the wind to your advantage, because if they sense you coming in, they’ll be gone before you get to them. So it’s very important to approach them in such a way that they don’t know you’re there - so you can get in close enough to actually kill them before they have a chance to escape.� It sounds like a scene from an action movie where a SWAT team waits to take out the bad guys. For many farmers in Saskatchewan, that’s exactly what these animals are. While the province is aware of the potential threat to both agriculture and public health, the Ministry of Agriculture doesn’t yet have anything in the way of legislation to address importing wild boar to the province, and once they’re here, there isn’t much in place to deal with escaped boar, aside from hunting them down in cooperation with SARM. “The wild boar control program is where we are focusing our efforts in terms of controlling,� said Jim Babcock, manager of livestock

Certified Farrier

development with the Ministry of Agriculture. “The number of producers has been on the decline over a period of time, so those numbers are getting less.� But, at some point or other, Brook said, something more significant will have to be done to deal with them. He said in Texas, it’s estimated that there are somewhere between two and three million wild boar on the loose, causing millions of dollars worth of damage annually. “There was a study in California where they killed, every single year, 60 per cent of the boar, and the population didn’t go up or down. It just stayed the same,� Brook said. “So, even to just have maintenance, you’d need to have very aggressive approaches.� Brickley is convinced that it’s just a matter of time before the same scenario plays out in Saskatchewan. “Such a small portion of the population is

involved in agriculture now, and those that aren’t really don’t give a hoot,� he said. “As our farms and ranches are becoming larger, there are fewer people. And there’s more urbanites, and they don’t put an emphasis on this. They will never put an emphasis on this until they go to the store one day, and there’s a shortage of food.�

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Phone: 306-863-2900 Fax: 306-863-2334 AG ACTION 2014 • PAGE 15

Salty soil? Fear not, gardeners! Nadia Mori PAg, Regional Forage Specialist, Watrous Saline soils are a common issue across Saskatchewan. Whether it is that white spot where nothing grows, an area with white streaks or simply a patch with poor plant growth, salinity is often easy to detect. The main reason most plants are not able to grow in salt affected areas is that even though enough nutrients and water may be available in the soil, the salts prevent the water and nutrients from entering the plant. The stronger the salinity of the soil, the fewer plant species will be able to cope with and grow in this environment. Perennial forages help control salinity by lowering the existing groundwater table, which prevents further accumulation of salts at the surface and stabilizes the water table over

the long-term. When preparing to seed a forage stand into soils with salinity, there are a few questions you need to answer first. What degree of salinity is present? This can easily be determined through a soil test of the affected area. Soil salinity is reported as electrical conductivity (EC) where a high EC indicates a higher salt content. Is the area prone to spring flooding? Flooding for more than two weeks in the spring will require the selection of more flood tolerant forage species. Late fall seeding may need to be considered in areas to wet to access in spring. What is the desired use of the affected area? This may in part be determined by the degree of salinity. Livestock palatability

usually declines as forage species become more salt tolerant. On very severely saline soils, the goal may no longer be forage production but soil reclamation and displacement of undesirable weeds such as kochia and foxtail barley. Choosing a mixture of forage species will increase the success of stand establishment. Saline soils are highly variable, so seeding a number of species with differing salinity tolerances can increase overall productivity. Alfalfa can be a useful component as it assists in drawing down soil water levels. Legumes like alfalfa are only moderately tolerant to salinity and will therefore only establish on the less saline fringe of salinity affected areas.

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PAGE 16 • AG ACTION 2014

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Those darn swedes Erin Campbell, PAg. MSc., Regional crops specialist, Watrous Another pest of canola crops was ing point of the plant. After the eggs found in fields in northeast Saskatch- hatch the larvae will begin to feed on ewan in 2012. Swede midge is a rela- plant tissues for a 7 to 21 day period tively new pest to Canada being first depending on environmental condiidentified in Ontario in 2000 and in tions. As larvae mature they become Saskatchewan in 2007. It is now widely a brighter yellow color and grow up to found in southern Ontario and Que- 3 to 4 mm in length. After the larvae bec. Swede midge have finished feedis a pest in canola ing, they will drop to and many cruciferous the ground to pupate vegetable crops such and later emerge as as cabbage, broccoli, an adult midge fly. kale and cauliflower. In the fall the larSwede midge can vae will enter the soil also affect cruciferand form a cocoon ous weeds commonly to overwinter. Moist found in fields such conditions are most as stinkweed, wild favourable for swede mustard, shepherd’s midge. photo courtesy of Erin Campbell purse and pepperSymptoms of grass. Damage to plants is caused by swede midge damage in canola vary the very small larvae feeding on newly depending on the stage the plant is at developing plant tissues resulting in when feeding begins. Plants may have decreased yield potential in these dead or stunted growing points, dead crops. or missing flowers and/or swollen and Multiple generations of swede distorted plant tissue. Swede midge midge can occur throughout the grow- symptoms can be confused with other ing season. It is not known how many agronomic problems such as herbicide generations of the swede midge can damage, heat stress, and frost damage. occur in Saskatchewan but it is believed If you think you may have swede midge to be less than Ontario where as many in your field please contact your local as four or five generations of the midge agronomist or regional crop specialist can occur in a single growing season. for assistance. In the spring adult midge emerge from For more information on this or pupae in the soil. Adult female midge other topics please contact me at (306) can travel up to several hundred me- 946-3216, the Agriculture Knowledge ters and lay clusters of up to fifty eggs. Centre at 1-866-457-2377 or visit our Eggs are laid on the youngest plant website http://www.agriculture.gov. tissue which is typically on the grow- sk.ca

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Bulk Petroleum Now Located Here Pineland Co-op Agro Centre 1615 Hwy. 35 S - 306-862-4595 AG ACTION 2014 • PAGE 17

Apiary farms big beez-ness for Parkland by Elodie Adams, Tisdale Recorder Reporter Beekeeping and the production of honey is an The honey produced in this area comes from a Jim Riou, who runs an apiary farm just outside important industry in Saskatchewan. variety of sources, including canola, alfalfa, sweet Tisdale. “But, for example, dandelions are very The first records of honeybees in the province clovers, borage, sainfoin, dandelion, wild flowers, important to us in the spring. We don’t extract date back to 1900. Government statistics show and berry trees. All of these honeys produce a dandelion honey, but the bees need it for their that by 1922, there were about 85 beekeepers light and sweet white honey which is used around own use to keep them going until summer.� that produced 24,000 pounds of honey. Most of the world for table honey and for blending with Riou is just getting his hives ready for spring. these beekeepers were located in the southern and stronger honeys. Like many other apiarists, he winters his bees eastern parts of the province. Interest in produc“The bulk of the honey production comes outdoors, something that is now common pracing honey grew in part to the shortages and high from canola, with some alfalfa and clover,� said tice in Saskatchewan. With such a harsh climate, prices of sugar which occurred during it is surprising that colonies can and immediately after World War I. be wintered outdoors, yet Riou Today, the heart of honey producsays beekeepers don’t have much tion lies in the area north and east choice. of Tisdale, with many hives up in “It doesn’t make sense to buy Nipawin, Carrot River and Porcupine bees – they are expensive, and not Plain. Statistics from the mid-2000s as good as your own bees,� he showed that 80 per cent of the provexplained. ince’s hives were located in the reSaskatchewan has one of the gion. One of the main reasons for the highest per-colony yields in the high concentration of apiary farms in world with 188 pounds per colony this area was due to the location of over a ten-year average. The provSaskatchewan’s honey cooperative ince’s Ministry of Agriculture ranks in Tisdale. In the 70s, the Manitoba Saskatchewan as second in honey Co-Operative purchased the assets production in Canada behind Alberof the Saskatchewan Honey Cota, which has in excess of 200,000 Operative and over time, all packing colonies. was moved to that company’s WinniHoney production in the province peg and Edmonton plants. However, counts for approximately 25 per honey production continued to thrive cent of the annual Canadian crop. in the area, producing more honey In 2011, honey production was photo courtesy of Elodie Adams per hive than any other part of the estimated to be worth over $24.5 Wintering hives on apiarist Jim Riou’s farm just outside of Tisdale. province. million to the provincial economy.

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AG ACTION 2014 • PAGE 19

Making the most out of manure management by melanie jacob, Journal Staff Writer It can be wet, dry, liquid, or solid, but manure always stinks. Just because it stinks though doesn’t mean it isn’t useful. Since the soil erosion and nutrient deprivation problems in the 1980s, scientists have been working to turn manure into a nutrient source for fields. A part of that process involved spreading dry manure over the fields in order for the nutrients to be reabsorbed back into the land. In the same manner, liquid manure can go through a separating process or it can be taken out into the fields and injected into the soil. However, as with most good things, there are downsides to consider. Manure in any form has the potential to produce unhealthy, environmentally dangerous, or toxic gases. “When you mix manure, urine, and water, the natural reaction is to produce ammonia, carbon dioxide, and hydrogen sulfide,” said Lee Whittington, president and CEO of the Prairie Swine Centre. “When manure sits, depending on the mix and temperature, it can produce these gases. It’s mostly contained (inside the lagoon or tank), but when you agitate it and flush it out of the system, it can release those gases.” Liquid manure is often the biggest culprit for the worst of these gas offences. It produces hydrogen sulfide, which is a gas lethal enough to kill you quickly if there is a high enough concentration. “Hydrogen sulfide is the most dangerous of decomposition gases,” said Brian Campbell from SaskAgriculture. “One whiff and you’re one foot in the coffin. Second whiff and the other foot is in. It doesn’t take prisoners.” The most treacherous aspect of hydrogen sulfide is that in high concentrations, the sulfuric odour will swiftly overwhelm a human’s sense of smell, making it invisible and odourless. Essentially, it becomes a silent, unseen, un-smelt killer. In 2007, the gas killed a family of four in West

Virginia. According to reports from the time, the farmer was working in a manure pit that was poorly ventilated. When the fumes overwhelmed him, his family members went down to save him, each succumbing to the toxic vapors. “If you’re standing looking down (into the liquid manure pit) at a family member down there, you’re going down to save them,” said Campbell. “It’s hard to stay up and look. Your instinct is to go down and save them.” The other three main composition gases to come from organic material are ammonia, methane, and carbon dioxide. Ammonia can be potentially harmful to the surrounding water ecosystems and methane was recently accused of setting off a farm “explosion” in Germany in January. According to Campbell, however, the idea seemed a bit far-fetched. “To have a herd of cows put out enough gas to explode is virtually impossible,” he said. “If it was gas, it would have to be a confined manure storage, which is common here, but I don’t know if it’s common in Germany.” There just weren’t enough details to believe the stories, said Campbell. There would have to be very little ventilation (which is unlikely) for a barn to be filled with enough methane to explode. Moreover, the idea that it was sparked by static electricity is thin considering the winter months are more conducive to high relative humidity. “Generally speaking, if you’re going to have problems with confined manure, it’s more likely to be the other gases,” said Campbell. “Ammonia is a household bleach. It goes for your eyes and nose; any moist part of the body. In high concentrations, it tears your lungs out.” Another problem with ammonia is the hazardous side effects it can have on the surrounding area. Ammonia can travel up to a kilometer in distance. If stored or sedentary manure is sitting near a wa-

ter source, it can redeposit onto the surface and become harmful in large quantities. “Most of those water systems are nitrogen limiting,” said Dr. Reynald Lemke, a research scientist at Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada (AAFC). “(Continuous depositing of ammonia) can result in algae blooms and create toxicities that can be detrimental or even fatal to livestock.” To protect against these concerns, Saskatchewan has provided recommended regulations, which includes the recommended distance for manure to be stored from water sources. The regulations also advise wearing toxic gas detectors for hydrogen sulfide. “The general practice in a pig barn is for people to wear gas monitors,” said Whittington. “They can then make a decision whether or not they’re in a room that has high levels. They can exit the room or turn on ventilation fans.” To assist with these gas and nutrient supply issues, the Prairie Agricultural Machinery Institute (PAMI) has also been working on both liquid- and solid-state digesters that will make better use of the manure. Currently, when manure is spread or injected back into the soil it may reinvest some of the nutrients, but it does little for the greenhouse gas emissions. It also doesn’t produce much of a surplus for profit and much of the nutrients are lost. “Large tanks will drive the manure out to the fields, use the injection apparatus to pump the manure into the soil, and then pack it into the soil so that there’s no exposure to air,” said Dr. Bernard Laarveld, a researcher for animal and poultry science at the College of Agriculture & Bio Resources. “However, the cost of hauling all that water (liquid manure is 90 per cent water) around, with the value of the organic matter and fertilizer, maybe pays for the cost of hauling it out.” Continued on page 24

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Purebred Red & Black Simmental Two Year Old Bulls For Sale By Private Treaty PAGE 20 • AG ACTION 2014

Growing like a little weed? Not a compliment, in this case Erin Campbell, PAg. MSc. Regional crops specialist, Watrous All herbicide-resistant weed infestations have developed following repeated use of a single herbicide (or herbicide group) for a number of years on the same field. Producers who have weed resistance on their farms will typically see a single weed species normally controlled by a herbicide (or group), survive the application of that herbicide. Individual resistant plants may survive three-to-100 times or more the normal field rate of herbicide. If you have herbicide resistant weeds, it is important to identify them before they spread across your field. Resistant weed patches have been identified in fields where producers were unaware that they existed. Herbicide resistance should be suspected under the following conditions: • A single weed species that the herbicide has controlled in previous seasons now escapes the treatment, while other weeds that appear on the label continue to be controlled. It is nearly impossible for two weeds to develop resistance simultaneously. • The weeds that escaped control cannot be explained

by weather conditions or emergence after application (if a post-emergence product is in question). • Irregular shaped patches of a weed develop where the herbicide gives little or no control. Patches do not have sharply defined edges but may follow square patterns associated with tillage or combine passes. • Records of the past history of the field show repeated use of the same herbicide, or selection of herbicides, that kill the weed in question in the same way. If you suspect you have herbicide resistant weeds, contact your local agricultural office or crop protection company representative to help determine if the weeds are resistant. Saskatchewan Agriculture’s Crop Protection Lab (www.agriculture.gov. sk.ca/Crop_Protection_Lab) offers a testing service for herbicide resistance on a fee for service basis. They can be contacted directly at

306-787-8130 or croplab@ gov.sk.ca. The location of any patches should be marked by GPS or stakes so you will remember their location.

seeds from herbicide resistant plants across the field or to other fields, harvest the patches separately, shut off all threshing systems while moving bephoto found online tween patches and make sure all harvest, tillage or seeding equipment is cleaned thoroughly before leaving the field. Check the patches each year to monitor the possible spread of resistant weeds. Keeping resistant weeds to a manageable patch is much easier than dealing with an entire field of resistant weeds. There may even be value in sacrificing the crop in smaller patches to After samples have been ensure no seed production taken for resistance testing takes place within them. or resistance has been conThe most effective and firmed, the patches should economical way to approach be mowed or cultivated herbicide resistance manageso resistant plants do not ment on a farm is to prevent spread. Keep in mind that weeds from developing resisseed burial often prolongs tance, and stopping or slowseed survival and any equip- ing their spread when they ment used should be cleaned are present. A vigorous crop before leaving each patch. with a high plant density, the To prevent the spread of appropriate fertility and high

yields will be very competitive against weeds. Diverse crop rotations will help prevent weeds from adapting to the fields on a farm. Herbicide use should be considered when planning crop rotation. Pick herbicides for the crop with the least options first and progress to the crop with the most options. Avoid using herbicides from the same group more than once per rotation. If using the same group cannot be avoided, include tank mixes to control high-risk weeds where duplication occurs. Herbicide tank mixes are more effective than rotation when preventing resistance, as the chance of successful mutations occurring in a weed that is resistant to two different groups at the same time is nearly impossible. Tank mixes only work to prevent the development of resistant weeds if both herbicides control the target weed. Once resistance to one of the mix partners is already present, the benefit of mixing is greatly reduced. Producers can also physically remove weeds from the field using mechanical means, like a chaff catcher or McLeod harvester, or rotate to forage crops.

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AG ACTION 2014 • PAGE 21

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$

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SEEDING & TILLAGE

2013 MORRIS TBH 8650 AIR CART & 61’ C2 AIR DRILL (DEMO UNIT) #HR3095. DUAL TIRES, HYD. EXT. KIT-5 FRAME, QUAD/NH3 HITCH, TOW $ CASH BEHIND PD ........REDUCED 1999 FLEXI-COIL 5000 PB2608B. 57’, 12’ SPACED W/MIDROW SHANKS, 4” OPENERS/ PACKERS, $ CASH DICKIEJOHN NH3 .....REDUCED BOURGAULT 8800 32’ AIR KIT W/ 2130 $ TANK S/N 5030 .............................................. 1999 BOURGAULT 5710 #B21677D. 54’, 9.8” SPACING, 3” CARBIDE, MRBS, UPDATED WIDE PIVOT, $ CASH 330 TRIPS. ....................................... 2001 5440 BOURGAULT #PB3090A & PB3082B. CTM, DOUBLE FAN, RTH W/2-10 47’ 5710 W/ MRBS, 3” RUBBER, RAVEN NH3 KIT, $ 1” CARBIDES, 8,000 ACRES .....................

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PAGE 22 • AG ACTION 2014

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Seeding a new forage stand Nadia Mori PAg, Regional Forage Specialist, Watrous Whether you have determined that your old forage stand has reached the end of its productive life cycle or you intend to convert annually cropped land to forage, there are certain questions to ponder before the seeding action can begin. 1. What was or is currently growing on the field? Identify any weed issues to be addressed prior to seeding. Pre-establishment weed control can make or break your stand establishment success. Remember that there will be limited chemical weed control options after seeding. Educate yourself on the carry over and residue effects of the herbicides used in stand termination and pre-seeding weed burn-off. Manage plant residue from the old vegetation well to allow for firm and even seedbed preparation. Be aware of auto toxicity in alfalfa. Existing alfalfa plants can inhibit the establishment of new alfalfa seedlings. Allow sufficient time for auto-toxic chemicals to break down in the soil.

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2. What environment are you seeding into? Know your soil and climate zone to choose species best adapted to your environment. A soil test prior to seeding is a small investment with a big payoff. Knowing what the soil can provide and what the new forage crop requires will determine the amount of fertilizer required. Saline and/or wet soils will require different species considerations compared to dry upland areas. 3. What is the purpose of the new forage stand? The purpose of your stand will be a key question in determining which forage species to choose and in which proportions. Most stands are used for either hay, pasture or as a dual purpose stand. While a high quality hay stand may include a large percentage of alfalfa, a pasture stand will likely have fewer legumes with more consideration given to non-bloating options such as sainfoin and cicer milkvetch.

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4. How long do you wish to use the stand? Forage species differ in stand persistence. A short-lived forage stand integrated into your annual crop rotation will contain different species than a long-lived pasture stand intended to protect a fragile soil. Finalize your forage species mix based on the combination of your answers. Most seed companies will offer a range of pre-mixed forage stand options but will also prepare a custom mix suited to your specific forage stand needs. Request a seed certificate before buying any seed. This will give you important information on germination, any weed seeds present as well as inert material such as chaff that is in the seed lot.

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AG ACTION 2014 • PAGE 23

ATTENTION FARMERS!!! Applications are now being accepted for cost shared funding through the Farm Stewardship Program under Growing Forward 2. Eligible producers could receive financial assistance for the implementation of eligible Beneficial Management Practices (BMPs). Eligible Beneficial Management Practices (BMPs) Include: x Protecting Riparian Areas x Creek & Stream Crossings x Protecting High Risk Erodible & Saline Soils x Relocation of Livestock Confinement Facilities x Fencing to Protect Surface Water x Variable Fertilizer Rate Technology The Farm & Ranch Water Infrastructure Program is another cost-share program that is available under Growing Forward 2. This program focuses on the development of water infrastructure for agricultural purposes to meet the needs of farmers, ranchers, value added agricultural business and First Nations bands. It also has cost shared funding opportunities for both district and non-district irrigators to increase their irrigation size. Eligible Projects Include: x Small Diameter & Large Diameter On-Farm Wells x Shallow Buried Pasture Pipelines & Deep Buried Pipelines x Deep Buried Pipelines that Connect to an Established Municipal Water Source x Dugouts & Dugout Expansions (Minimum 1/3 Size Increase) x Relocation of Existing Water Systems (For Environmental Purposes) x Protecting Existing Wells & Well Head Protection x Permanent Fencing to Exclude Livestock for Water Source x Well Decommissioning

If you operate a farm in the Carrot River Watershed, which encompasses the RMs of 369, 370, 397, 398, 399, 400, 401, 426, 427, 428, 429, 430, 456, 457, 458, 459, 486 and 487, contact the Carrot River Watershed Agri-Environmental Group Plan (CRW AEGP) to apply today. Contact us for more information: Phone: (306)920-8166 Email: crwatershed@gmail.com Website: www.crwatershed.ca

Making the most out of manure management Continued from page 20 With the biodigesters PAMI is working on, it addresses the issue of greenhouse gas emissions, a new form of energy, and still provides nutrients for the soil. “If you were to use a biodigester, you would deal with odour, semipasturize the manure, and kill off many pathogens,” said Laarveld. “You can filter the water coming out of the digester and remove many of the nutrients such as phosphates and nitrates.” The problem with this new technology is currently two-fold. First, this technology is new and still in its development stages. As such, it causes the second problem, which is cost. “We have a 100 cow-calf operation. We wait until the manure dries up, then remove it in the summer and spread it in the fields,” said Donavon Block, a livestock farmer in LeRoy. “(For a biodigester), you would need a way bigger operation to even make that feasible. The dairy and hog barn would be a better place for it right now.” Nevertheless, the potential for the biodigesters is extensive. They can eliminate much of the current costs associated with reinvesting the manure into the soil, as well as the environmental concerns. “One of the things that this project

can give us is a more uniform nutrient supply, something that’s in a more compact unit and we can haul it farther,” said Brad Wildeman, president of Pound-Maker, in a previous interview about solid-state digestion. “The waste can be reduced by two-thirds and has a greater value than raw manure. The byproduct is pure and denatured and sanitized and can be used for other things such as horticulture.” Moreover, the biodigester can also produce natural gas. While many of the gas and nutrients are lost with the current composting practices, the biodigester would make use of every part of the manure. “The biogas potential on a per kilogram basis isn’t high, but the vast quantity of manure available for digestion makes it more reasonable to want to digest solid manure,” said Dr. Joy Agnew, project manager of agricultural research services at PAMI, in a previous interview regarding emerging biodigester technology. For now, however, these technologies are either still in their adolescent phase or only feasible for large operations. According to Laarveld, it’s only a matter of time before these technologies become the more economic solution to manure management.

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PAGE 24 • AG ACTION 2014

Yak-cattle meat good earner for Alberta farmers by Shirley Byers Yaks have been raised as livestock in Alberta for over 100 years but there are still people who wonder if they’re maybe something like an ostrich, says Russ Friesen from his farm near Pincher Creek, Alberta, where he and his wife, Melissa, raise yak-cattle crossbreds. “They don’t understand it’s a bovine,” he says. The Friesen family moved to the area from Saskatchewan in the early ‘90s. Two cold, rainy springs in a row got Russ’s dad, Helmut, thinking about calves with a thicker hair coat than his Red Angus. He remembered an article he’d read about a cattle and yak crossbreeding study at the University of Saskatchewan. He did some more research was done and decided to add some yakcattle crossbreeds to the herd. Why yaks? Why not other cattle breeds? “I raised buffalo just after high school,” says Friesen. “We also raised wild boar for a while and my brother had chinchilla for a while. We had all kinds of things so it wasn’t like this was totally crazy.” In 1995, they brought in two yak bulls and bred about a dozen cows. They were impressed with the offspring. “They hit the ground just about running and right away they were up sucking, aggressively sucking,” says Friesen. The next year they bred 40 heifers, producing 40 more vigorous calves. But when those first calves were ready for market, nobody wanted them. They looked more like yaks than cattle and that spooked the buyers. They had a bit of a hump and because they were crossed with Red Angus they were all brindles, striped red and brown with occasionally a bit of tan. “Right away that put up a red flag for the cattle buyers, because it’s something different,” says Friesen. “Brindle cattle never bring as good a price.” So they fattened the calves and began selling the meat from their farm. It helped that they loved the meat. “It was just fantastic,” says Friesen. It kind of reminded us of the buffalo . . . somewhere halfway

between beef and buffalo.” The meat has less marbling than beef, but like pure yak is high in essential fatty acids and low in cholesterol. This is particularly true if they’re fed and finished on a minimum amount of grain. “If you feed them like they do in commercial feedlots, those qualities diminish,” he says. A purebred yak will take four to six years to mature but the crossbreds will finish in about the same period of time as regular beef cattle. Their feed conversion is significantly better than cows, says Friesen. “When we first started we had a feed wagon with a scale on it and weighed everything. We estimated they would eat probably half to a third of what a regular beef animal would eat. They are about two thirds the size of a beef animal.” Farm gate sales were very strong but BSE was a setback, causing one or two years of decreased sales. It was a tense time on both sides of the meat counter and customers tended to spend their beef dollars at the farms of their friends and relatives. But in time, specialty stores in Calgary and Edmonton picked up their product. They also sell through farmers’ markets, on the internet site, kijiji, from their website at: http://springridgeranchyakcrossbeef.blogspot.ca/ and directly from the farm gate. Dressed weight for yak-cattle cross animals averages about 650 pounds with some as high as 800 and some finishing at around 400 pounds. The wide range in weight may be why the meat hasn’t caught on with the mainstream market Friesen says. On the other hand, the fact that the meat is naturally raised, and finished on very little grain — approximately 6 lb. of barley per day for about six to eight months — has been a plus in the specialty and alternative marketplace. “We try to graze them as long as possible in the fall. . . When we run out of pasture, we feed them good quality hay, either by rolling it out or chopping it in the field. We try to

practice good nutrient management on our pastures by feeding in a systematic way so as to spread the manure evenly.” On the Friesen farm this year, heifers that didn’t get bred were finished solely on hay and sold as pure grass fed. They’ve been well received and have been grading triple A. As well as meat, the Friesens have sold horned skulls popular for Western decor, and tail hair. Tail hair can be used in making ropes, wigs, masks and puppets. Today Russ and Melissa run around 100 yak-cattle cross, and they also have a herd of more than 100 regular cattle. They did consider going entirely yakcattle cross. “We moved in that direction, but got caught when there was a downturn in the economy a few years ago and we didn’t have a market for the finished animals, says Friesen. After that we decided that we would not put all our ‘yaks in one basket.’” In spite of yak-cattle being sometimes referred to as “one of Alberta’s best kept secrets,” the Friesens caught a break when Prince William and his wife, Kate dined at Ottawa’s Rideau Hall in 2011. The menu consisted of unusual Canadian artisanal foods such as kelp from Nunavut, herring roe from the Great Lakes, and yak-cattle meat from the Friesen farm in Alberta. That meal boosted sales and stirred controversy. Some people thought pure Alberta beef should have been spotlighted. For a time, talk shows were abuzz with indignant callers. Friesen says he wasn’t bothered. “I said, ‘you know what? People are contacting us on email and phoning us. They want this meat.’ Even bad publicity is good publicity. And we actually ran short of slaughter animals that summer because we had so much demand.” He chuckles. “Other people were adamant that there were no yaks in Alberta.” -This story was originally published in The Western Producer.

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AG ACTION 2014 • PAGE 25

What’s really the backbone of any farm business? Brenda stefanson, PAg Regional FArm Business Management Specialist, Watrous Most farm business owners would agree that financial management is an important part of managing a business. Many would also agree that

the process of recording, gathering, and analysing their financial information is sometimes a tedious job that they might neglect from time to

THINK ABOUT IT! Your 2014 Cropping Intentions! We are witnessing great returns on our current forage crops! The legume and grass seed prices are very good and the yields have been imĆ‰ĆŒÄžĆ?Ć?Ĺ?ǀĞ͕ žĂŏĹ?ĹśĹ? ĨŽĆŒÄ‚Ĺ?Äž Ć?ĞĞĚ Ć‰ĆŒĹ˝ÄšĆľÄ?Ć&#x;ŽŜ Ä‚Ĺś Ä‚ĆŠĆŒÄ‚Ä?Ć&#x;ǀĞ Ä‚ĹŻĆšÄžĆŒĹśÄ‚Ć&#x;ǀĞ͘ However, there are many beneÄŽĆšĆ? ƚŚĂƚ ĞdžƚĞŜĚ Ä?ĞLJŽŜÄš ĆŒÄžĆšĆľĆŒĹśĆ?͘ Íť Ä‚ĆŒĹŻÇ‡ ĚĞůĹ?Ç€ÄžĆŒÇ‡ from coĹľÄ?Ĺ?ŜĞ͕ ĨĆŒÄžÄžĆ? ƾƉ Ć?ĆšĹ˝ĆŒÄ‚Ĺ?Ğ͘ Íť WĆŒŽžĆ‰Ćš ƉĂLJžĞŜƚ ŽŜ ĚĞůĹ?Ç€ÄžĆŒÇ‡ ŽĨ ƚŚĞ Ä?ĆŒĹ˝Ć‰Í˜ Íť ĆŒĹ˝Ć‰ ĆŒĹ˝ĆšÄ‚Ć&#x;ŽŜ Ç Ĺ?ĹŻĹŻ Ä?Äž ĞdžƚĞŜĚĞĚ͕ Ć‰ĆŒŽžŽĆ&#x;ĹśĹ? Ć?Ĺ˝Ĺ?ĹŻ ŚĞĂůƚŚ Ç Ĺ?ƚŚ Ĺ?ĹľĆ‰ĆŒĹ˝Ç€ÄžÄš Ć&#x;ůƚŚ ĂŜĚ ÄšĹ?Ć?ĞĂĆ?Äž Ä?ŽŜĆšĆŒŽů͘ Íť WÄžĆŒÄžŜŜĹ?Ä‚ĹŻ Ć?ƉĞÄ?Ĺ?ÄžĆ? Ä‚ĹŻĹŻĹ˝Ç Ä¨Ĺ˝ĆŒ ϯͲϹ Ä?ĆŒĹ˝Ć‰Ć?͘ Íť tĹ˝ĆŒĹŹĹŻĹ˝Ä‚Äš Ĺ?Ć? ĚĞÄ?ĆŒÄžÄ‚Ć?ĞĚ Ç Ĺ?ƚŚ ĹŻÄžĆ?Ć? Ć?Ć‰ĆŒĹ?ĹśĹ? Ç Ĺ˝ĆŒĹŹ ĂŜĚ Ć?Ć‰ĆŒÄžÄ‚ÄšĹ?ĹśĹ? ŽƾĆš ĹšÄ‚ĆŒÇ€ÄžĆ?Ćš Ć‰ĆŒÄžĆ?Ć?ĆľĆŒÄžÍ˜ Íť dĆŒÄ‚ĹśĆ?Ć‰Ĺ˝ĆŒĆšÄ‚Ć&#x;ŽŜ ŽĨ Ć?ĞĞĚ Ç Ĺ?ĹŻĹŻ ŜŽĆš Ä?ŽžĆ‰ÄžĆšÄž Ç Ĺ?ƚŚ Ä?ŽŜǀĞŜĆ&#x;ŽŜÄ‚ĹŻ Ä?ĆŒĹ˝Ć‰Ć?͘ Historically, our area was the mÄ‚Ĺ?Ĺś ĨŽĆŒÄ‚Ĺ?Äž Ć?ĞĞĚ Ć‰ĆŒĹ˝ÄšĆľÄ?Ć&#x;ŽŜ Ä?ÄžĹśĆšÄžĆŒ Ĺ?Ĺś ^Ä‚Ć?ĹŹÄ‚ĆšÄ?ĹšÄžÇ Ä‚ĹśÍ˜ dĹšŽƾĆ?ĂŜĚĆ? ŽĨ Ä‚Ä?ĆŒÄžĆ? Ç ÄžĆŒÄž ĹšÄ‚ĆŒÇ€ÄžĆ?ƚĞĚ ĂŜĚ Ć‰ĆŒĹ˝ÄšĆľÄ?ÄžĆŒĆ? Ç ÄžĆŒÄž ÄžŜŊŽÇ‡Ĺ?ĹśĹ? ƚŚĞ ĆŒÄžĆ?ƾůĆšĆ?͘ EĹ˝Ç Ĺ?Ć? ƚŚĞ Ć&#x;Ĺľe to look Ä‚Ćš ĨŽĆŒÄ‚Ĺ?Äž Ć?ĞĞĚ Ć‰ĆŒĹ˝ÄšĆľÄ?Ć&#x;ŽŜ͘ Globally, seed prices and demand are very strong, while input costs are subĆ?ƚĂŜĆ&#x;ĂůůLJ ĆŒÄžÄšĆľÄ?ĞĚ Ç ĹšÄžĹś Ä?ŽžĆ‰Ä‚ĆŒÄžÄš ƚŽ Ä?ŽŜǀĞŜĆ&#x;ŽŜÄ‚ĹŻ Ä?ĆŒĹ˝Ć‰Ć?͘ With decreased seed supply and increased demand, forage crops are a real Ĺ˝Ć‰Ć‰Ĺ˝ĆŒĆšƾŜĹ?ĆšÇ‡Í˜

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time. Financial decisions however, are much easier to make when you have information about the performance of your business. So even though it can seem to be an unproductive task when compared to a host of other pressing and urgent issues that require your attention, financial management is a critical component of your business. If financial management is not your passion, you might consider working with a financial advisor who is able to gather and organize your business information for you. The financial management of your farm business has several components including: • Regular recording and monitoring of financial transactions; • Analysis of past and current performance; • Forecasting future performance; including cash flow and debt service; and • Setting and monitoring financial goals. Financial management is important to other aspects of the business as well. It allows you to establish a cost of production, which in turn helps you determine your marketing strategies. Financial management allows you to monitor debt service and to decide if a succession plan that includes working with additional family members is possible. Financial management starts with the development of a suitable system to manage your financial information. This will allow you to analyse the information and establish financial

goals, which are required to set future performance benchmarks. Financial management is the backbone of any successful business. The key areas that farm business managers focus on include: • Improving cash flow – the ability to pay your bills and living expenses. • Increasing profitability – the ability of the business to generate a return after expenses. • Taxation – businesses should strive to pay the optimum level of tax. • Capital investment – businesses strive to allocate available capital to the best use. • Records – without good records, analysis and financial goal setting is impossible. • Risk management – identifying financial risks is the first step in managing them. • Resources and skills – understanding your weaknesses allows you to find alternatives. You will make better decisions on your farm if you evaluate your current record keeping system, determine what information you need, assess your skill level for analysis and if needed, get training or help from a trusted advisor, and monitor your financial progress on a regular basis to determine if you are meeting your financial goals. Financial assistance may be available through the Farm Business Development Initiative to help you cover the costs of training in financial management or working with a consultant to develop a financial management plan.

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Sale will feature:

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Presented By: Pasquia Red Angus Box 526, Carrot River, SK S0E 0L0 Ph: 306-768-2966 Fax: 306-768-3019 ginteraandm@sasktel.net

Hall’s Cattle Co. RR 2. Craven, SK S0G 2W0 306-775-2900 Cell: 306-533-8416

Temple Farms (Brian & Denise Temple) Box 171, Carrot River, SK S0E 0L0 Ph: 306-768-3218 Cell: 306-768-8000

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Mobile apps are moving into farming territory by melanie jacob, Journal Staff Writer They may not seem like it, but farmers are becoming just as tech-savvy and smartphone smart as the next person. The world of mobile applications is starting to make its move into the agriculture atmosphere. “The reality is that farmers are mobile,� said Shaun Haney, a partner for AgNition and founder of Real Agriculture. “They’re not tied to an office. They’re out and about, in the livestock barn or out in the fields.� Haney, in partnership with three other individuals, already developed an iPad app called ScoutDoc, which is used for field scouting. Real Agriculture is also in the process of developing another app that will assist with harvest loss calculations. “The thing is that too many times, farmers are portrayed as people who are behind in theses sorts of things,� said Haney. “That totally not true. The amount of feedback and tips I get are great. I think there’s a huge potential in the future for mobile apps.� Haney and his partners aren’t the only ones working on developing agricultural apps. A couple of companies in Saskatoon have also been working on it. One development firm in particular, Quintapps, has already created an app called Farm At Hand, which allows farmers to manage things like commodity

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storage or commodity contracts. At the University of Saskatchewan, two engineering students were also working on refining their app Crop Scouter, which could help farmers identify and manage unwanted weeds. “Apps can be a very useful tool and have a much larger role in farming, as long as they’re useful, are of a benefit, and quicker than the old ways we do things,� said Jeff Mathieson, a director for the Saskatchewan Barley Development Commission. “There’s a lot of stuff and a lot of apps that provide information and do things, but sometimes it takes longer than just opening up a book.� This is one of the biggest and only challenges to further advancement of mobile use for farmers. SaskTel is currently in the process of updating Internet speed in Saskatoon’s surrounding communities, but it’s a slow process. For the communities that don’t have any Internet at all, they will only get basic service, which often times can cause slow loading for mobile apps. “It’s not a question of ‘Hey, do you have a smartphone?’� said Haney. “The biggest challenge for a lot of these apps is bandwidth. It needs speed and activity. Farmers have a thirst for technology and to

be productive and as efficient as possible.� Another problem is the market. When Haney and his partner first started developing apps, they noticed that agricultural apps was a niche market not yet being served. Now, that market is growing, as is the number of companies jumping on board. However, the reality is that they’re still targeting a much smaller amount of people overall, so the benefits of the apps need to be convincing. “That’s really the key: if it doesn’t make you more productive, it’s really just a toy,� said Haney. “If it increases your productivity, then it really has value for yourself as a farmer.� Nevertheless, the smartphone is still an overall useful tool for farmers. It’ll just take some more time for that tool to be engineered more toward agricultural use. “I don’t use very many of them, but there are some that are useful,� said Mathieson. “The weather network app, that’s one that I rely on daily. Viterra created a pricing app where I can see their daily price grids for all the commodities they buy. It’s a handy tool to quickly access grain prices.� Nevertheless, it’s only a matter of time.

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Nitrogen: The critical component of wheat production Erin Campbell, PAg. MSc. Regional crops specialist, Watrous Nitrogen is commonly the most limiting nutrient to crop production on the Prairies and is the critical nutrient for the production of protein in crops such as wheat. The challenge is to optimize yield potential and while maintaining higher protein content through managing the nitrogen supply that is based on available moisture, growing conditions and health of the crop. Increasing the nitrogen available to a crop initially causes an increase in grain yield and a reduction in protein content due to a dilution of the nitrogen in the grain. As more nitrogen is added both yield and protein increase together. Yield will start to drop off and protein content will continue to increase. It is important to note that most soil test recommendations are based on achieving above 13 per cent protein content and a realistic yield that is based on soil moisture and an estimate of growing season precipitation. In instances where protein content is below this level, it indicates that nitrogen supply was not adequate to meet the yield potential during that growing season.

for proper plant development. The addition of the controlled release of nitrogen at or before seeding has been studied in a number of trials. Results of these trials have been inconclusive in terms of consistency of increasing protein contents. Top dress applications can be used as a method to increase yield and protein in response to improved growing conditions. Nitrogen applied prior to the flag leaf stage can increase both yield and protein content. Top dress applications from the boot to heading stages may result in increased

protein levels but have little effect on yield. Top dress applications such as broadcasting or surface dribble banding can be successful but rainfall is needed after application to ensure plant uptake. The decision on when to top dress is not easy. Yield potential in relation to existing nitrogen supply for the crop is part of the decision. For more information on this or other topics please contact me at (306) 946-3216, the Agriculture Knowledge Centre at 1-866-457-2377 or visit our website http://www.agriculture.gov.sk.ca/

Specials to March 31/2013 Air Seeder Hose 2 1/2� Timing of fertilizer application can have some impact on protein contents and yield but management of this can be difficult. Wheat has high N uptake early in its development with maximum rate of uptake close to tillering. Trials in Saskatchewan have shown that maximum accumulation of nitrogen was reached at early heading. As the plant matures nitrogen will move into the lower leaves and stems and into the grain kernel. As a result, most of the nitrogen supply must be available early in the growing season

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AG SALES & SERVICES Íť &ƾůůͲůĹ?ŜĞ ŽĨ Ä‚ŜŽůÄ‚ ^ĞĞĚ Íť ĎŽÍ•ϳϏϏ Ć?Ć‹Í˜ ĹŒÍ˜ Ä?ŚĞžĹ?Ä?Ä‚ĹŻ Ć?ŚĞĚ Íť Ď­Í•ĎŽĎŹĎŹ ĆšŽŜŜÄž Ç€ŽůƾžÄžĆšĆŒĹ?Ä? പĨÄžĆŒĆ&#x;ĹŻĹ?ÇŒÄžĆŒ Ä?ůĞŜĚĹ?ĹśĹ? Ć?LJĆ?ƚĞž

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Box 43 Highway 6 S Naicam, SK S0K 2Z0 Ph: 306-872-2777 Fx: 306-872-2778 Toll Free: 1-877-209-0977 Lake Lenore, SK Ph: 306-368-2281 Fx: 306-368-2295

Locally owned, globally connected. www.cmiterminal.com AG ACTION 2014 • PAGE 29

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Lever Holdings Inc. PO Box 194 Muenster, SK S0K 2Y0

SE Rep - Eric Fazakas 306-552-6949

Lever Holdings Inc. is a family business in Muenster, Saskatchewan that rebuilds old cable scrapers into new hydraulic scrapers. We also build the “ CLOSURE” a new machine designed to close up V-ditches with ease and speed. It is a one pass operation that can be done with almost any tractor.This unit will speed up ditch closing and leaves a mound behind that when packed in by the drill leaves little or no dip. We take pride in our work and it shows through in the reliability and strength of our products. We have over 30 years of experience, and all of our scrapers are covered by a full warranty.

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If you move to a bigger tractor or crawler in the future, we can take your machines back on trade for a newer one.

Monday to Friday 8:00am to 5:00pm

Even if you don’t have one of our scrapers, we welcome you to contact us if you have any concerns, questions, or problems with your scraper or dirt moving project.

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1-800-529-9958 PAGE 30 • AG ACTION 2014

Growing Forward by Shirley Byers There are other helpful sites online and this information can also be obtained through the department of agriculture of your provincial government or through a service such as the province of Saskatchewan’s Ag Knowledge Centre in Moose Jaw online at: http://www. agriculture.gov.sk.ca/AKC As you search online you may come across sites that, for a fee, will do the search for you. These are businesses, not government sites. Read the fine print and be aware that you can get the same information for yourself, at no charge.

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air and biodiversity resources.� It’s funded by federal and provincial governments and provides assistance for such projects as water well management, waste management, strip cropping and sustainable agricultural water practices. But before a farmer can apply for this or any government program they must first find them. This site, for example, provides information on the Canadian Agriculture Loans Act program and answers such questions as: Who qualifies? How much can you borrow? Where can you get it?

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“The cheque is in the mail.� One of the three biggest lies of all time according to our renter, and Google. The other two are, “My wife doesn’t understand me,� and “I’m from the government and I’m here to help you.� Seriously though, there are times when the government can be of assistance. One of these times is through funding programs that can benefit farmers. It’s important to remember that there aren’t a lot of these programs, they have fairly stringent requirements and they’re usually not about huge gobs of money. The Growing Forward program, for example, is available across Canada and offers “technical and financial support to encourage producers to voluntarily implement beneficial management practices (BMPs) that reduce environmental risk and enhance soil, water,

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Taking The Lead In Agriculture 306-873-4515

306-682-2561 AG ACTION 2014 • PAGE 31

Forests to flowers The Four Seasons Greenhouse and its present owners by Kyle Peters, Tisdale Recorder Reporter Bill and Marg Sullivan are a husband and wife team who used to spend their days taking care of hybrid poplars. They would grow these trees for various major players in the agro-forestry game, such as pulp mills in British Columbia as well as OSB mills. They were connected with a man who, at the time, owned a greenhouse called the Four Seasons Greenhouse, which is still located just six kilometres west of Tisdale, Saskatchewan. After the bigger contracts the Sullivans used to handle were shrunk, they started to lease out space in the greenhouse, growing hybrid poplar saplings inside. As luck would have it, the previous owner of the greenhouse was planning to retire from the business shortly after Bill and Marg entered their lease. Now, they had a decision to make: whether to seize the opportunity and purchase the greenhouse, or continue on with their already busy and hectic lives. Eventually they would buy the business and property, and they become the new owners of the Four Seasons Greenhouse. “It was a bit of a shock to the system,� said Marg, in regards to the ownership transfer. The greenhouse is not the only priority for the Sullivans; they also manage a herd of purebred Angus cattle. Bill had also been working in crop research for 27

Four Seasons Greenhouse is located just west of Tisdale, Saskatchewan. They grow vegetables and flowers for retail, and even wholesale some of their veggies. They are also on the cutting edge of research for one of North America’s newest fruit crops, all while managing a herd of purebred Angus cattle. years, but decided that the new business would be more than enough to keep him busy. As the days passed, the market for the Sullivans’ hybrid poplars began to fade, and they needed to shift their focus. Bill had always been very interested in the vegetable growing part of their operation, and when people stopped buying their trees, he began scaling up production of

tomatoes, cucumbers and peppers. This transition went very smoothly, as the greenhouse was already set up for growing flowers and vegetables, and needed to be retrofitted for tree growth. So bringing it back to its original form was relatively simple. Around this time, the Four Seasons was in a good position to begin scientific trials of a fruit that was relatively new to North America. The

haskap, similar to its Western North American variant, the sweetberry honeysuckle, is a popular fruit in Japan which is known to be incredibly nutritious. Testing of the berries grown at Four Seasons, as well as several other locations spread through Canada, showed that not only is the berry high in nutrients, but is on a whole other level than other fruits. Bill and Marg’s son Noah Therrien has since taken over management of the orchard of haskaps, while they tend to the rest of their operation. They report that their vegetable crops have been doing very well in the last while, with an expanding wholesale and retail market. They have begun working with First Nations communities in northern Saskatchewan, helping them to set up their own high tunnel operations to extend their vegetables’ growing season as well. “It’s exciting, but a lot of work,� says Marg. On the cutting edge of new foods entering the market, and running a successful business growing vegetables and flowers, the Sullivans at Four Seasons Greenhouse definitely have their hands full. They will soon have more help when their daughter Mikyla returns from university with her new agriculture education, and their family will all be home once more.

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4WD TRACTORS 12 JD 9460R, PTO .................... $279,000 12 CIH 550Q, Loaded................ $359,000 11 CIH 450, 800 Duals .............. $255,000 10 CIH 435Q................... SOLD $269,000 10 CIH 485 ..................... SOLD $269,000 09 CIH 535Q, 36� tracks, GPS .. $283,900 09 CIH 535Q, PTO ......... SOLD $296,000 04 NH TJ500, P.S. ..................... $175,000 07 CIH 430Q, Guidance. ........... $212,500 95 NH 9680, 42� Duals ................ $74,900 10 CIH 435, Guidance. .............. $235,000

BG 4350, Auger .....................$27,500 BG 5710, 64’, 5440 .............$110,000 Brandt 70’ Heavy Harrow .....$24,900 CIH PH800, 60’ w/3430 .......$179,000 10 Deg 82’ Hvy Hrrw, Valmar $43,500 BG 5710, 54’, MRB, 5350 .....$79,900 BG 5710, 74’ ..............SOLD $89,900 BG Gang Packers for 48’ Cult $6,900 BG 2155 Tank w/Auger ...........$2,500 BG 2195 w/Auger ....................$7,900 JD 1820 w/1910, 45’..............$84,900 BG 5710, 64’, DS, MRB’s .....$85,000 BG 3225H, Auger ..................$12,900

SEEDING AND TILLAGE 47’ Morris Contour w/ 8370$135,000 11 BG 7200 Heavy Harrow ..$38,900

Joe Fischl Sales Manager Cell: (306) 231-7507

SPRAYERS 10 CIH 3230, Loaded ..........$219,000 10 Brandt 4000 .... Reduced $27,900 00 RoGator 1254, 1200 g .....$89,900 09 JD 4830, 100’ Reduced $195,000 13 CIH 4430, 1200 gal.........$365,000

93 CIH 1688 ..........................$34,900 12 JD S680, Loaded............$359,000 3 - 12 CIH 9230, Duals ..$339,000 ea. 06 JD 9760STS, Duals ........$175,000

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COMBINES

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Farm Equipment Ltd. PAGE 32 • AG ACTION 2014

SP & PT SWATHERS 11 MacDon M150 ......SOLD $133,500 NH HW345, 36’, Roller ..........$96,000 12 CIH WD1203, 30’............$107,500 05 MF 9220, 30’, 700 hrs.......$57,500 Prairie Star 4920, 30’............$37,500 12 CIH WD1203, 36’............$119,500 08 CIH WD1203, 30’..............$89,900 09 CIH WD1203, 30’..............$75,000 09 CIH WD1203, 36’, Roller ..$99,000

2WD TRACTORS 11 NH Boomer 3045, FEL ....$30,900 CIH Magnum 210, 3PTH ....$139,000 CIH Magnum 235................$165,000

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Brad Horachek Sales Consultant Cell: (306) 231-5659

04 CIH 8010, duals ..............$132,500 97 CIH 2188 ..........................$65,000 09 CIH 8120 ........................$234,000 12 CIH 9120 ........................$315,000 95 CIH 2188, Spec Rotor ......$42,900 86 CIH 1660 ..........................$12,000 06 NH CR970, Duals ...........$129,000 92 CIH 1680, Redekopp ........$27,900 10 NH CR9080 ... Reduced $215,000 11 CIH 8120, Duals .............$279,000 95 NH TR97.......... Reduced $23,900 09 CIH 9120, Duals .............$259,000 04 CIH 8010, Duals .............$129,000 98 CIH 2388, Topper .............$69,900 96 CIH 2188, Topper .............$49,000 12 CIH 8230, Duals .............$309,000 3 - 12 CIH 8120 .............$289,000 ea.

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AG ACTION 2014 • PAGE 33

Putting Mad Cow behind us by Caitie McRae, Journal Editor The words “Mad Cow Disease� bring back haunting memories for Canadian farmers, taking them back to the early 2000s when the disease was rippling through western beef at lightening speed. It was January 31, 2003. A farmer out in Alberta discovered one of his fed cows lying down in the pasture, incapable of rising. Could it be bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE), a transmissible disease that attacks the central nervous system of cattle? BSE has been a reportable disease since 1990 and first cropped up in Canada three years later when a cow imported from the United Kingdom began showing symptoms of the condition, such as aggressive behavior, difficulty in rising, decreased milk supply, weight loss and lack of coordination. Cattle imports from Britain

were banned for the time being, while the government worked arduously to trace every single cow that had originated overseas in the U.K. So, ten years later, was it BSE again? It was. After sending the calf to a slaughterhouse in Peace River, Alta., the animal’s symptoms qualified it for BSE monitoring and the head was sent for testing, at which point the Canadian Food Inspection Agency (CFIA) confirmed it was BSE, more commonly known as Mad Cow Disease. Fifteen farms were quarantined, 25 additional herds were examined and over 2,700 heads of cattle were slaughtered in an effort to eradicate the disease. Canada’s beef trade was immediately affected. Before the 2003 outbreak, Canadian exports of beef products and cattle were

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worth approximately $4.5 billion, but the inability to export led to a dramatic drop in the prices producers paid for beef. Some industry experts estimated producers were losing upwards of $11 million a day. Well, that was over a decade ago and since then, Canada’s beef trade has been incrementally expanding once again into foreign markets. At the beginning of February, Taiwan and Canada announced they had signed an arrangement to expand market access to include Canadian bone-in beef. “Our government welcomes Taiwan’s science-based decision to expand market access for Canadian beef,� said Minister of Agriculture Gerry Ritz. “Advancing agricultural trade in growing Asian markets like Taiwan is just one way our government is helping our agriculture exporters boost

their competitiveness around the world.� Prior to the Mad Cow outbreak in 2003, Canada’s beef exports to Taiwan totaled $19.3 million, making it fifth on Canada’s largest beef market. By 2012, it had dwindled to $1.4 million, dropping it to 18th, although a couple of years after the outbreak, Taiwan and countries such as Cuba and Hong Kong resumed importing boneless beef from Canada. However, with Canada expanding back into Asian markets, Canada beef experts project that by 2015, the market for bone-in beef will be on the incline, reaching $3.25 million that year, with potential to grow to $10 million annually. “Economic growth is a key priority for our government and that’s why we are working to create new market opportu-

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PAGE 34 • AG ACTION 2014

nities for the Canadian cattle and beef industries,â€? said Ed Fast, Minister for International Trade. “New access creates new sources of prosperity and jobs for Canadian businesses of all sizes and their workers.â€? Harold Martens, finance chair for the Saskatchewan Cattlemen’s Association said in an e-mailed statement that Canadian beef farmers “Can probably get larger heavier beef products into their market making the two year and older, fat cattle able to be sold. If we work at it we will improve our market share.â€? The new arrangement has already been implemented and Chuck MacLean, chairman for Canada Beef Inc., lauded the decision, saying “Our industry is very well positioned to take advantage of this expanded access [‌] We’re ready to turn this into value for Canadian beef and veal producers.â€?

Kalthoff Trucking Kyle Kalthoff

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The business side of things Brenda Stefanson, PAg Regional Farm Business Management Specialist, Watrous The structure of your farm business is important for many reasons. While taxation is often a prime concern for business owners, it should not be the primary reason to consider a particular legal structure. For example, other important considerations include succession planning goals. Some business owners may think simple is best; others may consider the flexibility in implementing a succession plan as the top priority in choosing a particular legal structure. Each kind of legal structure has advantages and disadvantages. As a business grows or business goals change, a particular business structure may become more or less attractive. The legal structure refers to the legal business entity under which the business operates. The three most common business structures are sole proprietorship, partnership, and corporation. Joint venture is a less common entity, but is useful in certain circumstances. The type of structure that a business owner chooses will decide how management decisions are made, who will report the income of the business, who will pay the taxes, and who is legally responsible for the business. The legal structure also influences the control of the business and the method of transferring the business. The ownership structure of a farm business refers to how the assets are owned. While ownership may appear to be obvious, it is not always the case in a farm business, especially if a second generation is working in the business. It is not uncommon to encounter farm businesses where some assets are

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owned by the individual and used by a corporation that operates the business. Partnerships sometimes own very few assets, while partners retain direct asset ownership. Understanding the ownership of assets is critical for tax planning, financing, succession planning, and exiting or changing the business structure (such as when a business partner wishes to leave the business). Written agreements should clearly document the contributions of assets to the business and explain if and how the owner of the assets will be compensated for the contribution of the assets to the business. Agreements clarify how someone may enter or exit the business structure in the future. Agreements also outline a process in the event of death or illness. It is important to understand your current business structure and how this structure influences your management decisions, your succession plans and your ability to manage your taxes. As you evaluate your current structure consider if it fits your business goals now and in the future. Does this structure make it easy to expand or diversify? Does the current structure enable the participation of multiple generations in the business? Is the current structure

helping you plan for retirement or intergenerational transfer? There are publications, courses and advisors available to help you to gain a full understanding of the pros and cons of the various business structures. These resources can help you to choose the structure that will enable you to achieve your business and family goals. Financial assistance may be available through the Farm Business Development Initiative to help you cover the costs of training or working with advisors to develop an understanding of farm business structures. For more information contact the Regional Farm Business Management Specialist or the Agriculture Knowledge Centre at 1-866-457-2377.

SIMMENTAL BULLS FOR SALE

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Farms For Sale. HomeLife Prairies Realty Inc. 176 Fairway Road, Emerald Park, S4L 1C8 Tel: 1-306-586-0099 Cell 1-306-529-8609 email: saskfarms@sasktel.net www.saskatchewan-farms.com 1) Canora Grain Farm Asking Price $3,250,000.00 Excellent grain farm located West of Canora. Some 12 qrts of farmland totalling 1919 deeded acres of which 1861 acres are cultivated. The land has had lots of drainage work and clearing work done to improve the cultivated acres. The yard has a 3 bedroom bungalow, in fair condition, along with some 105,000+ bushels of good grain storage some with air and propane heat. The yard & farmland show pride of ownership. MLS 485721

2) Hamrin Lands – White Fox Asking Price $ 800,000.00 Some 793 title acres of which 753 acres are cultivatable as per SAMA view. All buildings on the property will be included in the sale but no warranty will be given as to their condition and will be sold “ as is where is”. Offers may be considered on individual parcels, but preference may be given to the sale as a complete package. For more information contact selling agent. MLS 486876

Box 957-806 100th St. S., Tisdale, SK S0E 1TO Ph: 306-873-4401 Toll Free: 1-877-695-6461 Fax: 306-873-4402 e-mail rob.wct@sasktel.net

We are Grain Merchants, specializing in buying and selling all feed grains as well as all damaged oil seeds. Deal directly with us. We buy FOB the farm, we send the truck and we write the cheque! Proudly Serving the Prairie Provinces for 16 years. Visit our website @ www.westerncommodities.ca & provide us with your e-mail address to receive our FREE weekly e-mail, with pricing indications and market trends.

AG ACTION 2014 • PAGE 35

Preventing cold stress crucial for calf survival Sean Thompson, Regional livestock specialist, Watrous Although Saskatchewan has experienced the odd warm spell this winter, I think we can all agree that the last few months have been frigid—with more cold weather yet to come!. Calving season is upon some of you or is quickly approaching, and care should be taken to avoid cold stress in newborn calves. Beef cattle have the capability to endure very low temperatures; however, this ability is conditional. Inadequate nutrition, poor bedding or reduced insulation potential will greatly reduce a cow’s capacity to

produce and regulate heat within her body. The same rules apply to their calves. Newborn calves have a tremendous ability to cope with belowzero temperatures and it starts with sufficient colostrum intake. It is crucial for calves to nurse within 6 hours after birth. This ensures that they consume essential energy and absorb immunoglobulins to set them on a healthy start. Because a cow’s milk is the only source of energy for the first few weeks of a calf’s life, regular nursing provides

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the nutrients necessary to maintain a calf. As the temperature dips, energy requirements for cattle (calves included) increase correspondingly. The temperature at which a constant body temperature (approximately 102°F) can no longer be maintained through normal behaviour is known as the lower critical temperature (LCT). Beyond this limit cattle must either a) generate extra heat by increasing energy intake, shivering, or huddling together for warmth, or b) reduce heat loss through responses

in body thermoregulation. For mature cattle, increasing energy intake could be as simple as eating more— an ability that calves unfortunately do not possess. When energy from their mother’s milk becomes insufficient to maintain a constant body temperature, brown fat and other body stores are used up to cover the short-fall. Unfortunately, these reserves are limited and become depleted in 1-6 days, depending on the severity. Continued on page 37

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Preventing cold stress crucial for calf survival Continued from page 36 Wet or matted hair will also increase heat loss and reduce the hair coat’s insulation factor, further exacerbating the problem. Monitor your calves as the outside temperature approaches their LCT (around -10 to -15°C) and look for signs of hypothermia. Mild cases may show symptoms such as shivering, lethargy, and ‘hunching up’ to reduce the surface area susceptible to heat loss. If unsure of whether or not a calf is cold stressed, place a hand on their nose or feet and feel for warmth. Cold extremities are an indication of blood being redirected from peripheral tissues. In severe cases of cold stress, calves become unable to suckle. Shivering is replaced by no movement and rigidity which is exhibited by clumsiness or an inability to stand. The body temperature in a severe case will dip below 100°F and efforts need to be made to warm the calf back up. When cold stress occurs, it is vital to warm up the calf. Newborn calves must be dried off as soon as possible to reduce evaporative heat loss. If the mother shows no interest in licking of her calf it may be beneficial to rub the calf with a towel or blanket. This action will

also stimulate an elevated heart and breathing rate in the calf. Additionally, warm fluids should be fed (either by bottle or tubing methods) which not only provides a source of energy but also a source of heat. Mild and severe hypothermic calves should be removed from the elements to a warm environment. The most effective way to warm up a calf is a warm (not hot!) water bath. Since this is not always practical, alternatives such as a warm barn, a calf box or even the floor of a running pickup truck will help raise the calf’s temperature. While these methods can help to save a cold stressed calf, prevention is the better route. Make sure your pens have adequate bedding for protection against the elements. As well, ensuring the cows are in good nutritional standing the month prior to calving will positively affect calf survival rates. Finally, have arrangements in place for the possibility that a calf will need extra care if the mercury decides to take a sudden downward turn. For more information on newborn calf management, call your local Regional Livestock Specialist or the Agriculture Knowledge Centre in Moose Jaw at 1-800-457-2377. FIND A DEALER NEAR YOU.

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2009 HESSTON 9435, 36’ big cab, 728hrs ............................................$89,000 2009 MF 9220, 517hrs, auto steer, 30dsa, 2011 header .......................$79,000 2009 MF 9430, 817hrs, 30dsa, ull reel ...................................................$79,000 2009 MF 9430, 1404 hrs, 30dsa, ull .......................................................$74,500 2008 MF 9430, 36’, 507hrs, loaded........................................................$84,900 2008 MF 9430, 30’, dsa, 1725hrs, loaded ..............................................$72,500 2004 HESSTON 956A, full auto, nice ....................................................$21,900 2004 MF PT120, 30’ ull, hyd control, like new ..........................................$7,900 2003 NH BR780, nice.............................................................................$19,900 2003 MF 220XL, 1356 hrs, 30’ dsa ........................................................$49,000 1999 MF 220 ll, 30 dsa, 2240 hrs, 30 dsa..............................................$39,000 1994 HESSTON 8100, 1888 rs, 25’ .......................................................$19,000 220 HAY HEADER, 16’ ..........................................................................$13,900 TRACTORS 2012 MF 8650, full load, 710’s & 600’s, 2300 hrs ................................$169,000 2012 CIH Mag 210, cvt, 710’s, axle & cab susp, 1100 hrs...................$169,900 2012 MF 1643, demo, hydro, loader ......................................................$33,000 2011 VERS 220, fwa, ps, 3pth, 20.8, 1250 hrs ....................................$129,900 2010 Versitle 2375, 610hrs, 710’s, 12sp, f&r wghts ............................$159,900 2010 MF 8650, full load, 710, s&600’s, 2400 hrs .................................$149,000 2010 VERS 2375, 710’s, 4hyd, 12sp....................................................$129,900 2009 CIH MAG 305, ft dls, cab & axle susp, 23sp ...............................$169,900 2007 CHALLENGER 856B, 5800hrs, 30� 6hyd, 51hp .........................$149,900 2005 FENDT 926, 240hp, 5775hrs, 710 dls, frt susp, cvt.....................$135,000 2004 CHALLENGER MT535, 3000 hr, 100pto, 32sp, perk, fwa ............$49,900 2001 FENDT 714, 125hp, loader, grapple, cvt, cab & axle susp............$59,900 1998 NH TV140, 105hp, f&r 3pth ...........................................................$59,900 1998 NH TV 140, fel, 4hyd, 3pth ............................................................$65,900 1997 NH 8670, ps trans, 2135 ldr, fwa, 7000hrs ....................................$49,900 1996 AGCO Allis 9670, ps trans, 175hp, fwa ........................................$59,000

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Phone: (306)862-5050 • TToll oll FFree: 11-800-563-5055 8 0 563 5005 80 800 www.interlakeresources.com • Email: int.res@sasktel.net 1996 AGCO STAR 8360, 580x42, n14, 18sp trans ...............................$79,900 1995 CIH 9280, duals,12sp std trn, 9900hr ............................................$49,900 1995 NH 9280,4500hrs,18.4x38,12sp std,nice ......................................$63,900 1995 Cat 75C, 325hp, 4hyd, 3pt, pto .....................................................$59,900 1993 AGCO ALLIS 9630, 5831 Hrs, 18 spd ps .....................................$59,900 1990 CHALLENGER 65, ps trans ..........................................................$49,900 1990 AGCO ALLIS 9170, fwa, 170hp, 18sp trans .................................$33,900 1987 Deutz, 5215 compact, 18hp, hy, turf ...............................................$5,500 1984 Allis, 8070, 895 ldr, grapple, ps trans ...........................................$27,900 1984 DUETZ 6806, 68hp, 2 wd, fel ..........................................................$7,900 1982 MF 1010, hydro, 18hp, turf, 1280hrs ...............................................$4,980 1978 MF 245, gas, 3pth, nice ...................................................................$7,900 1976 JD 2130, jd148 fel, 3pth, 2wd........................................................$11,900 1975 MF 235, dsl, 3pth, 2wd ....................................................................$7,900 SPRAYERS & SPREADERS 2010 VERSATILE SPX275, 100’, full ld, 1200gl ..................................$200,000 2010 SP 4660, 80’, 2 sets tires, nice ....................................................$115,900 2007 RG 847SS KU œ DLU ULGH JO ÀWUV ......................$169,900 2007 SPRAY COUPE 4655, 1300hr, 80’, 600gl.....................................$89,900 TERRA-GATOR A-85 À RDWHU ZKHHOHU..............................................$29,900 BOURG CENT, 90’...................................................................................$8,900 INDUSTRIAL LIFTS 2005 SKYJACK SJ8841, 4x4, sissorlift, 41’ lift, 1500lbs .......................$17,900 2005 CAT TH350B, 6000lb ....................................................................$39,900 1999 TEREX TB44, boom lift, foam tires ...............................................$19,900 1996 SNORKEL 4048-4AG, sissorlift, 750lbs lift, 39’ lift ........................$11,900 1996 JCB 506B, 4x4x4, 6000lb, cab, forks, 35’ rh .................................$27,900 1995 INGERSOLL VR90B, 4x4x4, 9000lb, 37’ reach ............................$21,900 1994 PETTIBONE C8000, 4x4x4, 8000lb lf, 38’ rch ..............................$24,900 1994 LULL 644TT34, 6000lbs lift, 4x4x4 ...............................................$23,900 1994 TRAVERSE TLC6044, 6000lbs lift, 4x4x4 ....................................$21,900 1990 LULL 844, 8000lb lift, 34’ reach, 4x4x4.........................................$15,900 1984 GRADALL 534B8, 8000lbs, 4x4, 102hp .......................................$19,900 CAT VC60D, forklift, cab in&outdoor, 6000lbs .........................................$9,900 CLARK C500Y55, forklift, cab in&outdoor, 5500lbs...............................$11,900 CAT T50B forklift, indoor, 48hp, 5000 lbs lift ..........................................$5,900 SKIDSTEERS 2012 VOLVO MC115, 90hrs, 2600lb lift, single boom............................$34,900 2008 CAT 232B, 49hp, 100hrs, 1750lbs lift, canopy ..............................$29,900 2007 THOMAS 250, cab, 2500lbs lift, 87hp, 169 hrs .............................$27,900 2006 CAT 247B, cab, tracks, 74hp, 1950lb lift .......................................$24,900 2006 VOLVO MC110B, 2400lb lf, a/c, cab, 80hp...................................$29,900 2006 VOLVO MC80B,1850lb lf, a/c, cab, joystk, 65hp ..........................$29,900 2005 CASE 465, 82hp, 3000lbs lft, a/c ..................................................$28,900 2005 THOMAS 85, 28hp ........................................................................$13,900 2004 Bobcat S175, 49hp, 1750lbs lft.....................................................$18,900 2004 SCAT TRAK 1700, 80hp, 1850lb lift .............................................$19,900 2003 MUSTANG 2095, cab, air, aux hyd, 2800hrs ................................$27,900 2003 BOBCAT T250, 3300hrs, 3600lbs lift, track, 81hp ........................$23,900 2003 CAT 277, cab, 1200hrs, tracks, 80hp, 2950lb lft ...........................$29,900 2002 GEHL SL7800, 110hp, cab, air, ht, 3600lb lift ...............................$29,900 2000 BOBCAT 463, 22.5hp kub dsl, 700lbs lift......................................$13,900

2000 THOMAS 2000 PRO, 87hp, 2200 lift, kub dsl ...............................$19,900 1998 THOMAS A806, canopy, aux hyd .................................................$12,900 WHEEL LOADERS 2006 TEREX TXL400-2, 280hp, cummins, 5yrd bkt ..............................$69,900 2001 KAWASKI 60Z IV, 105hp, 4800hrs, 2.1 yrd bkt ............................$47,900 2001 NH LW230, 5100hrs, 4.6yrd, 225hp, 26.5x25 ...............................$89,900 1999 DAEWOO MEGA 200111, 128hp .................................................$39,900 1998 SAMSUNG SL150, 5.9 cummins, 3.5yrd, 158hp ..........................$45,900 1997 CAT 914G, 8900hrs, 101hp, 1.8 yrd bkt cap .................................$49,900 1997 CAT 980G, 300hp, com ctrl stg, lube ............................................$99,900 1994 CASE 721B, 140hp, 3.25yd bkt ....................................................$49,900 1994 DRESSER 515C, 120hp, 2.25 yrd, cab, 17.5x25 ..........................$28,900 1993 JD 744E, 230hp, 5yrd, 26.5x25.....................................................$49,900 1990 CASE 821, 170 hp, 23.5x25 tires, 3.5 yrd bkt cap ........................$49,900 1989 CASE 621, a/c cab, 20.5 litres, 116hp 5.9 cum.............................$39,900 1985 CASE W11, 69hp, 75 yrd bkt ........................................................$25,900 1976 JD 544B, 17.5 litres, 105hp, 2 yrd bkt cap ....................................$29,900 DOZERS 1997 CAT D5M LGP, 6way, cab, 6900hrs, 110hp .................................$79,900 1996 CAT D5h, 6 way blade, winch .......................................................$59,900 1990 JD 850B, su/dozer, tilt, cab, 165hp ...............................................$39,900 BACKHOES 2007 TEREX 860B, 94hp, 4x4, 14’8’’dd .................................................$79,900 1997 FORD 555e, 2WD, thumb, 4200hrs ..............................................$17,900 1992 CAT 436B, 84hp, 4x4, ext hoe, Q/C bkt ........................................$29,900 1989 CAT 416, 62hp, 1 yrd bkt cap........................................................$24,900 1976 JD 510, 2wd ..................................................................................$15,900 EXCAVATORS 2006 MUSTANG G50ZRD, min ex, 1000hrs, cab, thumb ......................$49,900 2005 HYUNDAI, 140lc-7, thumb, 3 aux, 5100hr ....................................$89,900 2005 BOBCAT 430 MIDI, ex, cab, air, 44hr, tracks ...............................$32,900 1998 YANMAR YB10, mini hoe, 28hp, 10’DD .......................................$15,900 1997 KOMATSU PC120-6, thumb, ac ...................................................$59,900 1995 HITACHI EX200LC-2, tracks, 132 hp............................................$34,900 1983 POCLAIN 160 CK, 156hp, deutz dsl, 8200hrs ..............................$25,900 YANMAR YB1200SS, mini exc ..............................................................$19,900 TRUCKS 2004 FORD SD F350 4x4, crew cab ........................................................$9,900 1992 GMC TOPKICK 7500, s/a, cat, bkt truck, 5&2 ..............................$12,900 1990 FORD F800, s/a, gravel, 5&2 ........................................................$12,900 1985 GMC 7000, top kick, dry box .........................................................$29,900 1983 KW s/a, picker truck, cummins, auto ...............................................$9,900 1982 S 10 Chevy, custom auto................................................................$3,900 MISC 1999 CASE 360, trencher, 5’ bar, dz dsl ..................................................$9,900 1997 SKYJACK, boom lift, 6’ jib, 66’ boom............................................$27,900 1993 CASE 480F, skip loader, ganon box blade, 63hp .........................$13,900 1993 DRESSER 870 grader, 201 hp, 14’ blade, cummins ....................$43,900 1991 DUO-PACT SDR1400b vibrate padfoot, deutz eng ......................$17,900 1979 DITCH WITCH, 9’ bar, 7� chain, bkhoe, blade ................................$9,900 H&H, 7x16, v nose, tandem .....................................................................$4,900 CUSTOM BUILT sprayer trailer, 28.5x10.5............................................$9,900 INGERSOLL 185, air compressor, jd 3cyl dsl ..........................................$8,900

AG ACTION 2014 • PAGE 37

Growing hemp not a half-baked idea, industry continues to flourish by Shirley Byers Although it closely resembles its flamboyant cousin, marijuana, industrial hemp won’t get you high and it won’t get you arrested. If you’ve got 10 acres (preferably more) of land, a yen to try something a bit different and don’t mind some extra paperwork, industrial hemp might be a good fit on your farm. Hemp seed contains both omega 3 and omega 6, which have beneficial effects on our cardiovascular health. It’s also an excellent source of protein. It can enhance the nutrition and the taste of everything from salads to cookies, from breakfast

cereals to smoothies. Hemp fibre has hundreds of uses including rope, matting, insulation, animal bedding and a unique building material hempcrete which has been used in house construction. Work is currently being done on some of these products at facilities in Winnipeg and Vegreville. Over 80 per cent of hemp grown in Canada is targeted for seed but cultivars suitable for both end products are now available. For now, processing facilities are few and far between but that’s slowly changing and will probably continue

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to change as more hemp is grown. Meanwhile, in anticipation of a processing plant close enough to make economic sense, farmers are baling their hemp fibre. Bales will last up to eight years and longer if under cover. An especially hardy baler is needed for this. The John Deere Kemper is recommended. Use sisal rather than plastic twine and proceed with caution. Yields can vary widely. According to Alberta Agriculture & Rural Development, Health Canada licensed 38,838 acres of hemp in 2011. Based on an estimate of 1,100 lbs per acre and a price of 90 cents to one dollar per pound, Canadian hemp seed production amounted to approximately 15,513 tonnes for gross revenue of between $30.75 million to $34.17 million, or $990 to $1,100 per acre. Hemp is not a new crop. It’s been grown for thousands of years and grown in Canada for over 400 years. Louis Hebert, botanist to Samuel de Champlain planted the first crop in 1606 at Port Royal, Acadia (now Nova Scotia) as early as 1801; the Lieutenant Governor of Upper Canada, on behalf of the King of England, distributed hemp seed free to Canadian farmers. Meanwhile, new Canadians from Eastern Europe and China brought hemp seeds to the Prairies. They used hemp for fresh oil, baking and for medicinal purposes.

Hemp’s familial connection to marijuana can make governments twitchy about this versatile plant. And hemp does contain the same psychoactive drug, delta-9 tetrahydrocannabinol, known as THC, although in much smaller amounts. In 1938, hemp production was shut down across North America. Hemp was banned internationally in 1961 under the United Nations’ Single Convention on Narcotic Drugs. The door opened a crack in 1994, enough to allow the granting of research licences in Canada. And in 1998, prompted by the results from that research and lobbying by the agricultural and business community, commercial production of industrial hemp was once again allowed in Canada, subject to strict licensing and annual inspections by Health Canada. It’s still illegal to grow hemp in the U.S. but that country is Canada’s biggest hemp customer. Is there room for more hemp producers? “Absolutely,” says Kim Shukla with the Canadian Hemp Trade Alliance at Steinbach, Manitoba. ”We’ve managed to lockstep production with processing. Two of our largest processors are expanding to meet demand. Last year there were about 54,000 acres of hemp. We’re expecting about 60,000 acres this year.” Continued on page 39

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Growing hemp not a half-baked idea, industry continues to flourish Continued from page 38 Lots of rules and regulations Hemp growing will not work for the very small farm. Licences to grow industrial hemp are only issued for crops of 10 acres or more. And, there are a few hoops to jump through. Industrial hemp is a controlled substance. Its THC level must not exceed 0.3 per cent and this is stringently regulated. Every aspect of its handling, production and marketing is controlled by licences issued to the operator. These licenses must be renewed annually. A separate license is required for each location where hemp is grown, and the producer must submit a separate application for each one. You can find license forms and information online but the application forms require original signatures. Parkland Industrial Hemp Growers Co-op is a producer co-op in the Dauphin MB area. On their website they offer to answer any questions would-be growers might have and to walk them through the application process. They will send out a complete information package upon request. The cost of annual crop inspections must also be factored into the cost of production. An inspector will sample the crop towards the end of the growing season, checking that pesky TCH. That costs about $175200 and the sampler will need approximately another hundred dollars for his/her time

Ready to grow? Initially, European varieties were imported and grown in Canada but Canadian plant breeding programs have developed several high-yielding cultivars that are especially suited for our climate and growing conditions. The most common varieties grown in Canada are Alyssa, Anka, CRS-1, CFX-1, CFX-2, Delores and Finola. Taller varieties are better for fibre, shorter types for seed. Alyssa, Debbie and Delores are dual purpose cultivars, suitable for seed and fibre. According to the Ontario Crop Guide for Hemp, hemp should be seeded into well drained, not compacted, preferably loamy soil at a depth of two to three centimetres. Soil pH 6.0 to 7.5. Fibre crops should be seeded at a rate of 45 kg/ha and grain at 23 kg/ha. No herbicides, pesticides or fungicides are registered for use with hemp. It tends to be very competitive with weeds but Botrytis Head Blight and Sclerotinia Stem Rot can be issues. Harvest for fibre during pollination and for grain when 70 per cent of the seed is ripe and the seed tests 22-30 per cent for moisture. For long term grain storage: eight to 10 per cent. A four year rotation is recommended. Hemp should not follow canola, edible beans, soybeans or sunflowers in a rotation. A high percentage of hemp is grown organically but there’s a market for both organic and conventional.

In 2008, a Saskatchewan farmer seeded hemp on several different fields. The best yield was on a field that had been cropped to alfalfa for four years. The alfalfa was plowed down and worked for the fifth season. A soil test showed 169 lbs. of nitrogen. Although 70 to 80 pounds

of N is considered adequate for a good crop of hemp, the farmer concluded that the more N available the better the hemp yield. For a list of Canadian companies that buy hemp seed, contact The Canadian Hemp Trade Alliance at Steinbach, Manitoba.

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