URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY CANNABIS SATIVA: Statistics $10.7 Billion is spent on prohibition every year
48%
89%
of prisoners for possesion only ...while the marijuana market is worth over $36 Billion
of prisoners are non-violent drug offenders
Legalization of marijuana
Decrease in arrests
U.S. Marijuana Possession Arrest % 2011-2015
50% 40% 30%
Estimated gain from cannabis coffee shops, natural medpot products, and industrial hemp products with the legalization of marijuana.
$7 Billion
20% 10% 0%
$4.5-6.0 billion
$6.0
$3.1-3.6 billion $2.8-3.3 $3.6-3.9 billion billion $2.5-3.0 billion $1.3-1.5 billion
$4.0 $3.0
$1.5 billion
$2.0
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
2018
Marijuana in Colorado
U.S. Marijuana Sales Estimates 2011-2018
$5.0
2011
Results after the first 6 months of legalization 10.6% Less Property Crime in Denver 60% Fewer Homicides in Denver 5.6% Less Violent Crime in Denver $12-40 Million Saved Each Year In Enforcement Costs
$1.2-1.3 billion
10,000 Jobs Created in the Marijuana Industry
$1.0 $0.0
2011
2012
2013
2014
2015
2016
2017
U.S. Marijuana Legalization Status
2018
Deaths per year by substance 39,701
443,000
0
Shifting U.S. Public Opinion on the Legalization of Marijuana 1969 12% YES 84% NO
2014
Marijuana Legalization Status in New England Medical Marijuana Legalized Marijuana Legalized for Recreational Use
47% NO
51% YES
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY CANNABIS SATIVA: Uses
CANNABIS SATIVA
HEMP
MARIJUANA
4.Kernels & Shells Seperating
1.Harvesting
4.Bailing
SEEDS 2.Cleaning
Feed Baking Additive
Confections
Cooking Additive
Paints
Salad Dressing
Fuel
Fabric
Paneling Insulation
Detergents
Dietary Supplement
Non-dairy Milk
2.Retting/ Decortication
FIBERS
Body Care Products
Beer Snacks
4.Storage
Spreads
Pulp & Paper
Animal Bedding
MALE & NON-CULTIVATED FEMALE PLANT
Auto Parts
2.Trimming Buds
3.Curing
RECREAT -IONAL Relaxation
Pallets
Recycling Additive
1.Harvesting FLOWERS
3.Curing
OILS
NUTS Flour
1.Harvesting STALK
3.Dehulling
Dietary Fiber
THC 10%
THC = Tetrahydrocannabinol
THC<1%
MEDICAL ADD& ADHD Migraines
CULTIVATED FEMALE PLANT
SEEDS - Industrial products - Foods - Body Care FLOWER - Marijuana -Edibles
LEAVES - Animal Bedding - Mulch & compost
LEAVES - Animal Bedding - Mulch & compost
STALK - Textiles - Paper - Industrial Textiles - Building Materials
STALK - Textiles - Paper - Industrial Textiles - Building Materials
ROOTS - Compost & Nutrients
Cancer
Multiple Glaucoma Sclerosis Tourette’s Seizures and OCD Chronic PMS Diseases
The reason for the low THC content in hemp is that most THC is formed in resin glands on the buds and flowers of the female cannabis plant. Industrial hemp is not cultivated to produce buds, and therefore lacks the primary component that forms the marijuana high.
POLLEN SACS
Alzheimer’s
ROOTS - Compost & Nutrients
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY CANNABIS SATIVA: Sustainability Seed broker
4x the CO2 of trees
Grower Cultivator Trimmer
exceeds $300 million in annual retail sales
Distributor Tester
Seller Shop owner Receptionist Security Brand ambassador Delivery
Little fertilizers are required
CO2 O2
Maker Baker Extractor
(Photosynthesis) Packager Graphic designer Marketer Warehouse worker
P
N
K
years
20 4 for trees to mature
1 ACRE OF HEMP
Help Eliminate Greenhouse Gases
Eliminate Forest Exploitation
1,000 GALLONS OF FUEL
Bio-Fuel Better than Ethanol
CANNABIS SUSTAINABILITY
for hemp
-Eliminate the need to chop down BILLIONS of trees
Disease & Pest Resistant
Green Jobs
mths
Consumer
Hemp breathes in
-MILLIONS of acres of forests and huge areas of wildlife habitat could be preserved
x8
x3
Food Resources Durable products
Non-Toxic Material Products
UV protective
1 ACRE OF HEMP
4 ACRES OF TREES
3x
more durable than cotton. - reduce by one third the resources 1 ACRE OF HEMP
HEMPCRETE
Fiber
4
HEMP + LIME + WATER
Iron
CARBON NEGATIVE
Zinc
21
Protein
21
BREATHABLE STRONG FLAME-WATER-PEST RESISTANT
R-30 ENERGY EFFICIENT
Magnesium
15
45
% DAILY VALUE IN 1OZ HEMP SEED
3 ACRES OF COTTON
HIGH IN
LOW IN
Omega-6 fatty acids
Carbohydrates
Omega-3 fatty acids
Calories
Leucine Threonine Isoleucine Valine Histidine Methionine Lysine Tryptophan Phenylalanine
9 ESSENTIAL AMINO ACIDS
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY CANNABIS SATIVA: Cultivation CANNABIS GROWTH CYCLE
85°F 60°F
DRYING& CURING O
WI
AY
JUN
OC T
A
S U M
UG
M E R
SEP
APR
S PR I N G
SEED HARVEST
ER
MAR
FA LL
N
NT
Water Vapor
SEED SEEDLING
M
HARVEST
JAN B FE
V
DEC
CO2 VEGETATIVE
JUL
FLOWERING STALK HARVEST FOR HEMP FIBER
N
N
P
P
K
K
Low FLOWERING
VEGETATIVE
High N
H2O
K
20% Clay
CO2
High
Zn
O2
N P
P
K
K
H C
IDEAL NPK LEVEL Low
O
O2
3-4 feet average
B
N
Mg
K
Ca
Si
Mo
S
Cl
40% Silt
Co
K
P
40% Sand
Cu Fe
pH= 5.8 and 6.5 Mn
2 months
7-8months 200-watt CFL lamps
250-watt HPS lamp
6.5 ft
6.5 ft
1.5 ft
1.5 ft 3.5 ft
3.5 ft
1.5 to 2.0 oz
3.0 to 5.0 oz 1000-watt HPS lamp
600-watt HPS lamp
400-watt HPS lamp
8 ft
8 ft
7 ft
6.5 ft 6.5 ft
17.5 oz
4 ft
3.5 ft 3.5 ft
4.5 to 9.0 oz
5 ft
4 ft
5 ft
5.0 to 10 oz
9.0 to 18 oz
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY THESIS
Traditional Industrial Ecology aims to reduce ecological damage caused by industry while maximizing efficiency of production processes. (such as through lesser use of energy, material, and water, more recycling, and elimination of hazardous emissions by-products, encouraging innovation, resouce efficency and sustained growth. Production
s
(les
) d e t rac
t x e es
rc
u o s e r
(by-products)
Secondary Production
Consumption
(recycling)
(m
inim
Secondary Consumption
al w
) e s u (re
ast
e)
My study is on an industrial ecology within an urban environment. My approach is to propose an integration of industrial processes and natural urban operation to generate a diversed and dynamic industrial ecology. Using my research on the industrial and recreational uses of cannabis plants, I believe cannabis production can potentially create a sustainable network of processes that support a city and link business together. This plant can be grown for industrial use of hemp and also recreational use of marijuana. All parts of the plants can be used for many things like edibles, medical marijuana, animal beddings, fabrics, fuels, building material, and paper. Much of its by-products can be used for other industrial processes similar to the concept of studied industrial ecology. I explored Holyoke of Massachusetts as a potential site to develop an industrial ecology within this urban landscape. Holyoke was one of the first planned industrial communities in the United States and was known as the Paper City for its big production of paper in the 19th century. Although the industry has changed and now the city has more than 1.5 million square feet of vacant mill space downtown, it is an opportunity to reuse its existing facilities to support cannabis production. The existing canal in the landscape will be the driving element of the industrial processes to generate a dynamic network of industrial ecology in Holyoke.
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY PRECEDENT: Chemical Cluster Delfzijl Delfzijl N
Netherlands
2
miles
Nitrogen Steam Instrument air Zawzi Industrial water 0 Delesto
Teijin Aramid
Akzo
400 800
Bio MCN
Lubrizol JPB Delamine ChemCom Industries Dow Benelux
Eneco Peroxy Chem
North Water
EEW
Aldel Zeolyst
Siniat CLD KBM PPG GSO
ESD-SIC
North Finery
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY SITE STUDY: Holyoke, MA
NORTHAM PTO N Nort
HADLEY
h
SO UTH HAD LEY
Purple Heart SO UTHAM PTO N
116 Nort hampton
HOLY O KE
Be ec h
141
Hom este ad
C h e rr y
New Apremont
5
ld e i tf s We
CHICO PEE
116
Main
W EST FIELD
le Riverda
W EST S PRING FIE LD
141
y b n a r G
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY SITE STUDY: Holyoke Access Study Brattleboro
Northfield
Greenfield
Old Vermonter Route
New Route Reopened in 2015
- The return of passenger rail service to the city for the first time in nearly 50 years
Amherst Northhampton
- The Vermonter runs from Washington, DC to St. Albans, Vermont, making stops to cities including Philadelphia, New York, Hartford, and Springfield.
Holyoke Palmer Springfield
Amtrak Intercity Train Station 0
Existing Rail Tracks Waterway
141
LINDEN ST.
5
HAMPDEN ST.
116 LY M
DWIGHT ST.
AN
DW ST .
IG
EN
AP
LI
ND
PL
CA
BO
AN
B
ST .
RG
EA
NT
. ST
ST .
L A N
CA
RA
ST . GH ST . N AI
M
NORTHAMPTON ST.
HI
M
AP
LE
CHERRY ST.
IN
SA
ST .
CE
H
C EE
KL
T
ST .
ST .
FR
ET ON
ST .
ST .
W
HT
ST .
JA
CK
SO
N
ST .
116
. T S
1000
2000
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY SITE STUDY: Existing Conditions THE CANAL
ABANDONED MILLS ALONG CANAL
DWIGHT ST.
141
LY M
AN
DW
IG
. T S
CA
BO
RG
ST .
TS
T.
ST .
ST . CE
ST .
H IG H
ST .
PL E
ST .
NT
A
N
M
SO
EA
ET ON
ST .
SA
CK
ST .
N
H C E
. T S
BE
JA
ST .
M AI
N
LI
116
PL
RA
N E D
AP
HT
OTHER ABANDONED FACILITIES
L A N
. T S
CA
0
400
1000
Amtrak Intercity train station Existing Rail Tracks Fully Abandoned Building Vacant Lot
116
Active Site (Relates to Paper) Active Site (Nonrelated to Paper) Land Zoned for Industrial Use
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
SITE STUDY: Holyoke Canal System and Hydro Power Hydro Power/ Hydroelectric Power Flowing water creates energy that can be captured and turned into electricity.
Reservoir Powerhouse
Head (the higher the more energy)
Generator Intake Penstock Turbine
River
PROPOSA
The Holyoke Canal System is a three-tiered, 4 ½ mile system that runs throughout downtown Holyoke and provides water to approximately 11 in-service generating stations which have a total combined capacity of approximately 15 megawatts.
Holyoke Carbon Footprint is less than one tenth of that of an average utility in New England. In 2015, 31.64 lbs of carbon dioxide per MWh – with the average utility in New England emitting 625 lbs of carbon dioxide per MWh. Nearly 68% of HG&E’s generation comes from renewable sources (i.e. hydro and solar), with an additional 26% coming from carbon-free sources. This results in annual retail electricity sales that are on average, 94% carbon-free.
11’-5”
THIRD
11’-3”
FOURTH
12’-11”
ROOF PEAK ROOF
FIRST HEAD RACE
0
5
10
20
TAIL RACE
10’-9”
SECOND
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
Production Precedents & Proposed Networks HEMP OIL PROCESSING FACILITY+OFFICE Canada (35,000 sq.ft of processing facility)
HEMP FIBRE PROCESSING PLANT North Carolina (70,000 square feet under roof, on 9 acres of land)
1. Bale feeder 2. Bale/Straw cutter 3. Straw opener 4. Decortication 5. Dust Separation 6. Fibre cleaning 7. Fibre baler 8. Hurd/shive cleaning 9. Air cleaning
HEMP PAPER PROCESSING FACILITY
MEDICAL MARIJUANA LAB
Medical Marijuana Lab Hemp Fabric Production Hemp Oil Production Hemp Paper Production
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY
PROPOSAL: Connection & Relationship Studies PUBLIC ACCESS THROUGH GREENHOUSE 2. Public access on ramp and through the greenhouse
1. Public access under the greenhouse
3. Public access through the greenhouse at certain times
Open to the public
Closed to the public and open for internal vehicle operation
1:20
1:20
PARTNERSHIP + EXPANSION
1. Connection
2. Expansion
3. Interweaving
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY PROPOSAL: Master Plan
0’
250’
1000’
0’
40’
100’
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY PROPOSAL: Renders
1
These are the visions of this loop of hemp and marijuana greenhouse punching through the urban setting of Holyoke. At some moments, the greenhouse connects to the existing infrastructures and facilities to activate the abandoned. At some other moments, the greenhouse is elevated to generate a space for the public to engage with the waterfront.
5
2
3
4
1
2
URBAN x INDUSTRIAL ECOLOGY PROPOSAL: Renders (Continued) 3
4
5