Bluetongue Virus Update

The Department of Agriculture issued an update on the Bluetongue virus at the beginning of this year. Below is a summary of how it is spread and why farmers must remain vigilant and be proactive in preventing the spread of the disease.

While Ireland is currently free of Bluetongue virus (BTV) this viral disease is widespread across mainland Europe. It is spread by infected biting midges which are generally most active between April and November. The disease could be spread to Ireland through imported animals, infected foetuses, infected biological material (semen or embryos) or wind dispersal of infected midges from Europe.

Clinical signs of BTV:

• Fever

• Inappetance (loss or lack of appetite)

• Drop in milk yield

• Reddening of the mucus membranes

• Sores on the nose, gum and dental pads

• Swelling of the face, lips & tongue

• Breathing difficulties if the tongue swells

• Drooling

• Discharge from the eyes and/or nose

• Lameness

• Abortion or deformities in offspring

• In severe cases, death can result

Sheep are more likely to show obvious clinical signs of Bluetongue than cattle if they become infected, and mortality rates can be as high as 70%. Some animals may not show any clinical signs however, and these animals can pose a risk for spreading the disease to new areas or countries.

Key measures to prevent BTV entering Ireland:

1. Limit imports of BTV Susceptible animals

2. If import is unavoidable do so outside of the high rick season (import between Dec-Mar)

3. Only import animals, embryos or semen from reputable sources – request proof of BTV vaccination

4. Seek pre-export PCR tests of animals for BTV before import

5. Quarantine animals on farm when they arrive and observe for any signs of illness

6. Have imported animals seen by a vet within 5 days of arrival into Ireland

For more information visit the Department of Agriculture website. If you have concerns animals in your herd may be infected contact your vet immediately. BTV is a notifiable disease and must be reported to your local Regional Veterinary Office without delay. Clinical signs of Bluetongue virus in cattle

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