KFCP is aspiring to achieve best practice standards for community consultation and engagement and, through its experience in achieving these, aims to inform international negotiations and others who are implementing or planning to implement REDD+ on the lessons learned from practical implementation. A regional environmental and social assessment has been conducted to ensure KFCP meets the World Bank’s standards for free, prior and informed consultation with broad participation. A review of KFCP consultation processes in late 2012
evaluated the community consultation processes used by KFCP in its support for communities on developing five-year development plans, establishing the Village Agreements, activities in villages such as Work Packages, and on ascertaining other village needs. Multiple sets of standards were included in the review as expectations vary between stakeholders, and some of the guiding frameworks for operationalising safeguards under REDD+ were developed after KFCP had commenced. The review is a part of KFCP’s efforts to continually improve its implementation processes and to garner lessons learned.
FACTSHEET
Benefit sharing and engaging with communities Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership (KFCP) 1
The Kapuas River, winding through the peat swamp forests of Central Kalimantan, Indonesia, is a major source of livelihoods for the Ngaju Dayak people. Deforestation and forest degradation in the region has resulted in significant greenhouse gas emissions and impacted on local livelihoods. Through the Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership (KFCP), the governments of Indonesia and Australia are working with local communities to find ways to sustainably manage peat swamp forests, reducing emissions and enhancing local livelihoods.
Kapuas communities About one third of the people live in small settlements adjacent to the intact peat swamp forest in the northern part of the site, while two thirds live next to the degraded peatlands in the southern part of the site. Approximately 90 per cent of the people living in the KFCP area are indigenous Ngaju Dayak. 2 1. Villagers communicate their opinions during the development of the village midterm planning (RPJMDES). 2. Consultation with communities about the canal blocking process. 4
Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership: Benefit sharing and engaging with communities
The main sources of income for the majority of people in the southern part of the KFCP area are rubber cultivation
Head of the Dayak District Council discussing with community members during a menyanngar ceremony, customary Dayak festival in KFCP to endorse KFCP work.
and annual crops, such as rice and cassava. In the north, fishing, logging and collecting non-timber forest products, such as rattan, are the primary sources of income. People’s livelihoods depend directly on the local environment, so deforestation and forest degradation have significant consequences for their welfare and for the local economy. Income levels in the KFCP project site area are generally below the national average. While cash income is fairly equitably distributed among households, land ownership is not. Water quality and poor sanitation are sources of serious health problems, and access to health services is difficult. By trialling approaches to REDD+, KFCP is helping to provide communities and local government with sustainable development opportunities. 1
Working with communities The close engagement and participation of local communities is a key feature of KFCP. In partnership with the local government, the Borneo Orangutan Survival Foundation and the international NGO CARE, KFCP is working to help local people improve their livelihoods and adopt practices that will reduce emissions from deforestation, forest degradation and peat land fires.
Community engagement and consultation A survey of 1000 households in the KFCP area, as well as households in two nearby control areas to the north and south of the site, was conducted in 2009. This included a series of initial focus group discussions with farmers. The survey results provided baseline information on the social and economic conditions in the area and informed the KFCP program design.
Fast Facts Project area Population Ethnicity Number of villages
: 120,000 hectares : approximately 9000 : approximately 90% Ngaju Dayak : nine across 14 settlements
Northern project area Prevailing ecosystem : intact peat swamp forest Population : approximately 3000 Southern project area Prevailing ecosystem : degraded peatlands Population : approximately 6000
To facilitate ongoing community engagement and participation, 14 dedicated community facilitators live and work with communities in the KFCP area. These facilitators have forged strong relationships with communities through supporting village planning and consultation, informing people about KFCP and REDD+ and listening to and addressing community concerns. Field staff also work closely with communities to identify and implement livelihood and development activities that could meet the aims of the community, while also reducing emissions from forests.
Community planning and Village Agreements KFCP facilitated village development planning by communities and district government officials in each of the villages. This resulted in five-year mid-term plans, from 2011-2015, as well as annual updates for each village. These plans were incorporated into sub-district and district government development plans. They outline the aspirations of the local communities, and are informing collaboration between KFCP and the villages. Following the development of these plans, KFCP negotiated agreements with each of the initial seven villages (now nine). These Village Agreements aim to align the village development goals with the emissions reductions and sustainable development objectives of KFCP. The process sought to ensure the participation of all in the negotiations, including land holders and marginal and vulnerable groups. These agreements do not transfer land ownership but, rather, leave local control and management of natural resources in the hands of
KFCP staff and community members participate in a village consultation.
the communities. Village Agreements are entered into voluntarily. Communities are involved in all aspects of KFCP activities and receive benefits for outcomes in line with the Village Agreements. These Village Agreements outline the general principles, rights and responsiblities for collaboration. They cover how payments will be made for community inputs into KFCP funded activities, with payments being made based on indicators of performance for example, the number of good quality seedlings.
2
1. KFCP staff discuss community input during a community consultation in KFCP. 2. The Dukun, or traditional healer practices customary Dayak rituals during a menyanggar ceremony. 2
Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership: Benefit sharing and engaging with communities
Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership
KFCP
PETAK PUTI Kanjarau
N 0
Community participation
LAPETAN
In partnership with the World Bank, and in consultation with community members, international experts and interested stakeholders, KFCP will design and trial an environmental performance-based benefit sharing mechanism (to follow on from inputs based payments) for REDD+ that can provide fair and effective benefits to communities. This mechanism is being designed to meet local, national and international requirements.
REDD+ Safeguards in the UNFCCC: Full and effective participation
1
and Australia, are now working together to develop standards for community participation and other social and environmental safeguards, and systems for reporting on these as there were few guiding frameworks available at the national and international level when KFCP was designed in 2009.
The ultimate success of REDD+ depends on the full and effective participation of local and Indigenous communities. At the United Nations Climate Change Conference in December 2010, it was agreed that full and effective participation is a key requirement for all REDD+ activities. Countries, including Indonesia
5
Kilometers
10
Map Projection: WGS 1984, UTM Zone 50 M
LEGEND: General:
TUMBANG MUROI Taburu Teluk Kajang Tanjung Kalanis
BLOCK E
Tuanan
VILLAGE Hamlet Boundary of KPH-L (FMU) District Boundary Sub District Boundary Village Boundary Road (plan) Small River/Canal Big River
LAND COVER 2010: Primary Dryland Forest Secondary Dryland Forest Primary Swamp Forest Secondary Swamp Forest Swamp Shrub Bush/Shrubs Shrub-Mixed Dryland Farm Swamp Settlement Area Water
TUMBANG MANGKUTUP
KATUNJUNG
SEI AHAS
2.5
BLOCK A
KATIMPUN
KALUMPANG MANTANGAI HULU Source: RapidEye, 2009 & 2010 (KFCP)
Map showing the KFCP project site and land cover.
Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership: Benefit sharing and engaging with communities
3