The Fruiting Phenology of Peat- Swamp Forest Tree Species at Sabangau and Tuanan

Page 1

The Fruiting Phenology of PeatSwamp Forest Tree Species at Sabangau and Tuanan, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

This report was prepared for The Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership

This report was prepared in accordance with the guidelines at the time of writing, including the overview of the KFCP project below. This research was carried out in collaboration with the Governments of Australia and Indonesia, but the analysis and findings in this paper represent the views of the author/s and do not necessarily represent the views of those Governments Australia’s International Forest Carbon Initiative is a key part of Australia’s international leadership on reducing emissions from deforestation. The Initiative will support international efforts to reduce deforestation through the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). It aims to demonstrate that reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation can be part of an equitable and effective international agreement on climate change. A central element of this is the Initiative’s focus on developing practical demonstration activities in our region, particularly in Indonesia and Papua New Guinea. Indonesia and Australia are working together under the Indonesia- Australia Forest carbon Partnership (The Partnership) to support international efforts on REDD through the UNFCCC. A key focus is on practical demonstration activities to show how REDD can be included in a future global outcome on climate change. Activities under the partnership are funded through Australia’s $200 million International Forest carbon Initiative (IFCI) administered by the Australian Department of Climate Change (DCC) and AusAID. Australia has committed $30 million over four years to the Kalimantan Forests and Climate partnership (KFCP). Under the KFCP, Australia and Indonesia are working together to develop and implement a large scale REDD demonstration activity in Central Kalimantan. The KFCP is the first REDD demonstration activity of its kind in Indonesia. It aims to demonstrate a credible, equitable and effective approach to reducing emissions from deforestation and forest degradation, including from the degradation of peatlands, than can inform a future global outcome on climate change. With an overall funding target of $100 million, the KFCP aims to raise remaining funding through contributions from or coordinated actions with the private sector or other donor countries. This report was prepared by Mark E. Harrison, Simon J. Husson, Nicole Zweifel, Laura J. D’Arcy, Helen C. Morrogh-Bernard, Susan M. Cheyne, Maria A. van Noordwijk and Carel P. van Schaik, as part of the OuTrop-CIMTROP multi-disciplinary research project. The study was developed and managed by Grahame Applegate, with support from Tim Jessop, both of KFCP. Administrative Assistance was provided by Pak Eko Pranandhita of the KFCP in Palangkaraya. The work was financed by the Indonesia- Australia Forest Carbon Partnership, managed by Neil Scotland from the IAFCP Partnership Office.

Australian Agency for International Development, Jakarta Australian Embassy, Jl Rasuna Said Kav. C15 -16, Jakarta 12940, Indonesia Ph (62 21) 392 4322, Fax (62-21) 392 4373

The Fruiting Phenology of Peat-Swamp Forest Tree Species at Sabangau and Tuanan, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia

January 2010

This report was prepared for The Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership

CONTENTS EXECUTIVE SUMMARY ............................................................................................ i ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS ...........................................................................................ii ACRONYMS ............................................................................................................... iii INTRODUCTION ......................................................................................................... 1 Fruiting Phenology in Tropical Peat-Swamp Forests .................................................... 1 METHODS .................................................................................................................... 3 Definitions.................................................................................................................. 3 Site Locations and Descriptions................................................................................. 3 Sabangau ................................................................................................................ 3 Tuanan.................................................................................................................... 4 Sampling Methods ..................................................................................................... 4 Sabangau ................................................................................................................ 4 Tuanan.................................................................................................................... 4 Sampling Period ..................................................................................................... 5 Enumeration ........................................................................................................... 5 Species Identification ............................................................................................. 6 Monthly data collection ......................................................................................... 6 Data Analysis ............................................................................................................. 7 RESULTS ...................................................................................................................... 9 Calendar of Species with High Likelihood of Fruiting in Different Months and Fruiting Regularity Categories ................................................................................. 10 Fruiting Phenology Species Accounts ..................................................................... 21 DISCUSSION ............................................................................................................ 276 References .................................................................................................................. 278 APPENDICES ........................................................................................................... 280 APPENDIX I - Statistics Showing Likelihood of Fruiting by Species With High Likelihood of Fruiting in Each Month ................................................................... 280 APPENDIX II – Tree Species Fruiting Phenology Classifications by Site, Sorted by Regularity of Fruiting ............................................................................................ 292

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY In this report, we present the results of a six-year study of the fruiting phenology of Bornean peat-swamp forest trees at two sites: Sabangau and Tuanan. The objective of this research was “to determine the phenology of a broad range of tropical peatswamp forest tree species found in Central Kalimantan”, in order to facilitate peatswamp forest restoration activities in Indonesia. We provide information on the basic fruiting phenology of all tree species located within forest plots monitored each month at the two research sites. In doing so, we provide the first detailed species-by-species accounts of fruiting phenology in Bornean peat-swamp forest. Analyses are presented in the form of species accounts for both sites, including density estimates and identification of the timing of fruiting peaks and the variability surrounding these peaks. From this, each species is categorised as being either a “year-round”, “frequent”, “regular” or “irregular” fruiter, or as never having produced fruit during the study period. A calendar listing the species that can be reliably expected to bear fruit in each month is presented. In addition to the information presented for each species, we discuss four important points related to the data: 1. Obtaining the fruit of “year-round” and “frequent” fruiting species should be relatively easy, assuming a reasonable stem density at the site in question. Obtaining fruit from those species listed as “never fruited” is likely to be much more difficult, but may not necessarily be impossible. 2. Differences in the fruiting phenology of some species appear to exist between the two sites studied. The reason/s for this remain to be determined, but could be due to a number of potentially interacting variables, including differences in the ecology of the two forests (e.g., nutrient availability, rainfall patterns, hydrology) and/or random differences in the trees (and especially their size) included in the plots at the two sites, due to the inevitable limitations of plot size. 3. It is also evident that some families typically bear fruit more regularly than do others. A clear example of this is Ebenaceae, which produces fruit remarkably consistently, compared to Dipterocarpaceae, for which most species are classed as either “irregular” fruiters or never produced fruit in the study period 4. Complications in interpreting the data herein result from differences in sample sizes between sites, particularly for those species with very low sample size at one site, and from differences in the number and proportion of fruiting stems. More confidence should be placed in the results for fruiting timings for species with a larger sample size at a site.

i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS We thank KFCP for providing the necessary support for data analysis and the writing of this report. The following individuals and organisations are thanked for their assistance at the respective sites. Sabangau • The Centre for the International Cooperation in Management of Tropical Peatlands (CIMTROP), Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) and Kementerian Negara Riset dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia (RISTEK) for research permissions. • Dr Ir. Suwido H. Limin and the CIMTROP administrative staff. • Twenti Nolosa, Dewa, Thomas, Zeri Yeen, Sahdo, Ahmat, Ella, Ben Buckley, Lindy Thompson, Reychell Chadwick and especially Santiano, Ari Purwanto and Fransiscus Agus Harsanto for phenology data collection and data entry. • The above assistants, plus all OuTrop staff and volunteers that helped with plot creation and enumeration. • Zeri Yeen, Santiano, Selpi and especially Erna Shinta from the CIMTROP Herbarium for tree identification. • The L.S.B. Leakey Foundation, Wildlife Conservation Society, US Fish and Wildlife Service Great Ape Conservation Fund, Wingate Foundation, Primate Conservation Inc., Conservation International Primate Action Fund, Columbus Zoo, the Rufford Foundation and the Orang-utan Tropical Peatland Project Volunteer Programme for financial support. • Prof. Jack Rieley, Dr. Susan Page, Dr. David Chivers and the Wildlife Research Group, University of Cambridge. Tuanan • Director General Departemen Kehutanan (PHKA), Departamen Dalam Negri, BKSDA Palangka Raya, Lembaga Ilmu Pengetahuan Indonesia (LIPI) and Kementerian Negara Riset dan Teknologi Republik Indonesia (RISTEK) for research permissions. • The Bornean Orangutan Survival Foundation (BOS) and MAWAS Palangka Raya for permission to work in the MAWAS Reserve. • Tatang Mitra Setia, Sri Suci Utami Atmoko and students of the Universitas Nasional (UNAS) • Arbainsyiah, Ambriansyah and Kade Sidiasa from the Wanariset Herbarium for tree identification. • Dr. Meredith L. Bastian, Dr. Erin R. Vogel and Dr. Serge A. Wich for creating the plots, data entry and fruitful discussions. • Nadi, Rahmat, Ganda, Yandi Tono Idun and Awan for data collection. • Zürich University and the A. H. Schultz Foundation for financial support.

ii

ACRONYMS CIMTROP

Centre for International Cooperation in the Management of Tropical Peatlands

DBH

Diameter (of a tree) at breast height (1.3 m above ground level, or 1.3m above emergent stilts/buttresses)

ENSO

El Ni単o Southern Oscillation

KFCP

Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership

MSF

Mixed (peat) swamp forest

NLPSF

Natural Laboratory of Peat-Swamp Forest (Sabangau)

OuTrop

The Orang-utan Tropical Peatland Project

PSF

(Tropical) peat-swamp forest

SA

Sabangau

SAMF

Supra-annual mast fruiting

SD

Standard deviation

TU

Tuanan

iii

INTRODUCTION In this report, we present the results of a six-year study of the fruiting phenology of Bornean peat-swamp forest trees at two sites: Sabangau and Tuanan. This report was commissioned by the Kalimantan Forests and Climate Partnership under a subcontract agreement between the Orangutan Tropical Peatland Project (OuTrop) and HK Logistics Pty Ltd. The objective of this project is “to determine the phenology of a broad range of tropical peat-swamp forest (PSF) tree species found in Central Kalimantan”, in order to support KFCP’s forest restoration activities. In this first progress report, we provide information on the basic fruiting phenology of all tree species included in phenology plots at the two research sites. Analyses are presented for each species at each site and include density estimates, identification of the timing of fruiting peaks, and assessment of the variability surrounding these peaks. From this, each species is categorised as having regular/predictable or irregular/unpredictable fruiting patterns, and a resulting calendar listing the species that can be reliably expected to bear fruit in each month is presented. KFCP will identify a shortlist of potentially suitable tree species for peat-swamp forest restoration activities, for which we will provide more detailed phenological analyses in a second report, including fruiting crop sizes and isolating potential fruiting triggers. Fruiting Phenology in Tropical Peat-Swamp Forests While studies of forest phenology (i.e., the study of periodic biological phenomena, in this case fruiting events) have been prevalent throughout many areas of Borneo, few such studies have been conducted in PSF. Dry lowland evergreen forests cover large areas of Borneo and are notable for their high abundance of Dipterocarpaceae, which are associated with supra-annual mast-fruiting (SAMF) events, occurring at irregular intervals every 2-10 years. These SAMF events primarily involve dipterocarps, but also many other tree families (Janzen, 1974; Appanah, 1985; Ashton et al., 1988; Appanah, 1993; Sakai et al., 1999; Sakai, 2002). During SAMF events, 55-60% of tree species may bear fruit, compared to only 20-25% in non-mast years (McClure, 1966; Medway, 1972). These SAMF events lead to huge peaks and troughs in fruit and flower availability in the forest, which has dramatic effects on many species of forest fauna, including important seed dispersers, such as orang-utans and other primates, sun bears, bearded pigs, squirrels, rats and birds (Leighton and Leighton, 1983; Curran and Leighton, 2000; Ostfeld and Keesing, 2000; Frederiksson et al., 2006; Harrison and Chivers, 2007). In contrast, PSF has a much lower abundance of Dipterocarpaceae (van Schaik, 1996; Shepherd et al., 1997; Page et al., 1999; this study) and, consequently does not participate in SAMF events (Cannon et al., 2007a, b). As a result, fruit production in PSF is relatively consistent and lacks the dramatic peaks and troughs in fruit availability that occur in dipterocarp forests (Cannon et al., 2007a, b). Previous phenology studies in Indonesian PSF have been conducted in the highly-fertile PSF of Suaq Balimbing, Sumatra (van Schaik, 1999; Marshall et al., 2009) and in small patches of PSF in Gunung Palung, West Kalimantan (Knott, 1999; Marshall and Leighton, 2006; Cannon et al., 2007a, b). Phenological data have also been reported from the extensive PSFs of Central Kalimantan, collected at the two sites included in

1

this report (Marshall et al., 2009; Harrison et al., 2010). With the exception of Cannon et al.’s work in Gunung Palung, however, the remaining phenology analyses cited above have been performed from a primate-centric viewpoint, and all have been conducted at a forest-wide level. Thus, detailed species-by-species accounts of fruiting phenology in Bornean PSF, which are potentially of great use to PSF conservation practitioners and restoration ecologists, have yet to be conducted. This gap in knowledge is addressed in the current report.

2

METHODS Definitions Fruiting stem

A stem that has produced fruit at least once during the study period and, hence, is known to be capable of fruit production.

Reproductive stem A stem that has produced flowers (and may or may not have produced fruit) at least once during the study period and, hence, is fertile and potentially capable of reproduction. Stem

An individual tree.

Site Locations and Descriptions The two study sites included in this report – Sabangau and Tuanan – are both located in the extensive belt of peatland that stretches across the lowlands of southern Kalimantan (Figure 1).

Figure 1. Location of Sabangau (NLPSF) and Tuanan in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Sabangau The Sabangau study site (2o 19’ S and 113o 54’ E) is within the 500 km2 Natural Laboratory of Peat-Swamp Forest (NLPSF), located in the north-east of the 6,300 km2 Sabangau Forest. The phenology plots monitored for this study are located in an area of ombrotrophic mixed mixed-swamp forest towards the edge of the peat dome, where peat depth varies from 1 - 4 m (Page et al., 1999). This is an area of intermediate productivity, compared to the low-productivity low-pole forest further towards the centre of the peat dome, and the unique (to Sabangau) and more highlyproductive tall-interior forest on the deepest peat at the centre of the peat dome (Page

3

et al., 1999; Morrogh-Bernard et al., 2003; Sulistiyanto et al., 2004). The study area was selectively logged from 1991-1997, followed by indiscriminate illegal logging until March 2004 (Husson et al., 2007). Tuanan The Tuanan research station (2o09’ S and 114o26’ E) is located in the 5,010 km2 Mawas Reserve, along the Kapuas Murung River. Although ecologically very similar to Sabangau, the peat here is shallower (≤ 2 m deep) and partly alluvial (Wich et al., 2009), and thus should be expected to show higher levels of productivity than the PSF in Sabangau. The site is recovering from selective commercial logging during the early 1990s, followed by opportunistic (illegal) logging until the end of 2002 (van Schaik et al., 2005) and ongoing extraction of ‘gemur’ (Alseodaphne coriacea). Sampling Methods Sabangau Sabangau phenology data was collected from six permanent phenology plots and one phenology circuit (Figure 2). The six plots were located at roughly equi-distant intervals from 1-4 km from the forest edge, which runs parallel to the River Sabangau at a distance of ~1.5 km. Each of these plots was divided into two sub-plots: Sub-Plot A measuring 5 m x 300 m and containing stems ≥ 6 cm DBH, and Sub-Plot B measuring 5 m x 500 m containing stems ≥ 20 cm DBH. This gave a total plot area of 2.4 ha, with 0.9 ha of plot including stems ≥ 6 cm DBH and 1.5 ha of plot including stems ≥ 20 cm DBH. Species density estimates for stems of DBH ≥ 10 cm were thus calculated using only data from Sub-Plots A, whereas density estimates for stems ≥ 20 cm DBH were calculated using data from both Sub-Plots. The phenology circuit was established to include certain important orang-utan and gibbon food species that were relatively rare in the phenology plots (e.g., Diospyros siamang, Parartocarpus venenosus, Tetrameristra glabra). The stems in the phenology circuit were not used to estimate stem density, as they are not within a plot of specified area, but were used to aid in identifying fruiting peaks for each species. Phenology surveys generally started on the 15th of each month and lasted for seven days. Tuanan Tuanan phenology data were collected from a single, large phenology plot located along two transects in the centre of the study area. One transect ran parallel, and the other perpendicular, to the Kapuas River. All stems ≥ 10 cm DBH within 5 m of the transects were included, covering a total plot area of 2 ha. Phenology surveys generally began on the 12th of each month (occasionally on the 10th) and lasted for 34 days.

4

Figure 2. Map of phenology plot and circuit locations in Sabangau. East-west transects start at the railway / boardwalk on the western side of the grid are coded and marked using numbers indicating the approximate distance (in km) of each transect’s start point from the field station. The north-south transects, which run parallel to the railway / boardwalk are coded and marked with letters and are separated by 250m intervals.

Sampling Period Data collection started simultaneously at both sites in September 2003, has continued monthly since and is ongoing. Data for this report cover the period September 2003 to June 2009, representing 70 months for which data are available from both sites, following methods outlined previously (Marshall et al., 2009; Harrison et al., in 2010). Enumeration All trees within the plots were enumerated, measured (DBH, height) and identified using both Latin and local names. Measurement of DBH is essential, as small immature stems will be unable to produce fruit and different tree species begin to produce fruit at different sizes (see Results). Stems were re-measured every two (SA) to three (TU) years to account for growth. At these times, any new trees satisfying the minimum size requirements for the plots were added, enumerated, identified, measured and included in phenology surveys thereafter. Trees that died during the surveys (both as a result of natural and, less frequently, anthropogenic causes) were removed from the sample once death was confirmed. Some stems fell over during the study and, unless they died, were still included in the phenology sample as they generally remained reproductive. Stems that snapped and exhibited coppice growth from the snapped stem were removed from the sample, as these stems were no longer

5

capable of producing fruit from their small immature shoots. Non-tree species (lianas and Ficus) were included within the plots, but are excluded from this analysis. Species Identification Tree species identification was performed with the assistance of expert local botanists and members of local communities with extensive knowledge of PSF fauna. Collaboration in confirming the consistency of species identifications between the two sites has been extensive and is ongoing. This has involved visits of researchers from both sites to the other, use of the same expert botanists (E. Shinta, Z. Yeen, Arbasinsyiah, Ambriansyah and Kade Sidiasa), joint visits to herbariums, and extensive discussions and sharing of photographs. Nevertheless, despite these efforts, there is still uncertainty regarding the shared identity of certain species in our data set. This is often due to high numbers of similar species in certain genera (e.g., Tristaniopsis, Lithocarpus). Thus, in such cases, we have adopted a cautious approach and presented results under the assumption that species suspected, but unconfirmed to be, the same at the two sites are different. It is therefore possible that a small number of species classified here as different may in fact be the same at the two sites. This has resulted in one or two instances where species given the same Latin name are presented on different sheets for the two sites, as it was certain that these did not represent the same species. Despite this, the Latin nomenclature will be correct for both sites in the large majority of cases. Because local names frequently differ between the two sites (e.g., “tagula”, which refers to a species of the genera Xylopia, Annonaceae in Sabangau, but to species of Alseodaphne and Litsea, Lauraceae in Tuanan) and can often refer to more than one true species (e.g., “jambu burung” in Sabangau, which refers to a number of species of Syzygium), they are problematic for comparisons between sites. Nevertheless, even the best local village tree experts familiar with > 100 different species will have no knowledge of Latin nomenclature. Thus, local names are also presented for each site, but should not be assumed to accurately indicate taxonomy. Monthly data collection Each stem in the plots was observed monthly from ground level using binoculars to record reproductive activity. The presence and abundance of fruit, flowers and leaf flush was recorded for each stem. Spotting and identifying reproductive stages and leaf flush in tall PSF trees requires considerable skill, so the same highly-experienced observers were used each month to reduce this variability. Distinguishing ripe and unripe fruit, and immature and mature flowers, in phenology surveys is difficult, even for experienced observers familiar with the different tree species, because (i) the observer is usually viewing the fruit/flowers from afar, making confirmation of the stage of maturity difficult, even with binoculars; (ii) the similarity of ripe and unripe stages for many fruit species; (iii) the observer is frequently looking up at silhouetted shapes of the fruit/flowers against the sun or a green backdrop, making inspection of colour difficult; and (iv) inspection of fruit/flowers that have fallen to the ground, and inference from this, is problematic, as ripe fruits/mature flowers are more likely to fall to the ground – either as a result of being dislodged by a predator (indehiscent) or from being released to fall to the floor by the parent tree once a set stage of ripeness/maturity has been achieved (dehiscent) – than unripe fruits/immature flowers, creating bias. Thus, we have not attempted to distinguish ripe/unripe fruits and immature/mature flowers in any of our analyses.

6

Data Analysis The same timeframe (September 2003-June 2009) was used for both sites, in order to avoid potentially skewing fruiting times for one site relative to the other. Thus, our monthly estimates of mean fruit production and variability in fruit for September-June are comprised of six data points, whereas our estimates for July and August are comprised of five data points. This may reduce the precision of our estimates for these latter two months for species that frequently come into fruit at these times. For each species recorded in the plots, the number of “fruiting” stems was recorded. These are defined as those stems that had produced fruit at least once during the study period and, hence, were capable of fruit production; whereas “non-fruiting” stems were defined as stems that had never produced fruit during the study period. This figure therefore did not vary from month to month, with the exception of stems that were added or died during the course of the study. The number of fruiting stems was the denominator in calculations of “percentage fruiting stems with fruit”. In some cases, a stem may have matured and fruited for the first time in the middle/end of the study period, and been incapable of fruit production before that time, reducing the precision of our estimates. This will be relatively rare, however, and it will be much more common that a stem potentially capable of fruit production that did not produce fruit early on in the study (or at all) did so for reasons unrelated to its age/maturation (e.g., that species’ reproductive cycle results in fruit production only once every three years). Similarly, for each month, each stem was recorded as either bearing fruit or not, which formed the numerator in calculations of “percentage fruiting stems with fruit”. Thus, the figure for percentage fruiting stems with fruit was calculated as: Percentage of fruiting stems with fruit = (Number of stems of species x with fruit in month y / number of fruiting stems of species x) x 100 This was determined to be the most suitable figure for this analysis because (i) stem densities vary between the two sites (and will also differ in KFCP’s site); (ii) percentages are more comparable between species that occur at different densities within the respective sites; and (iii) species that do not produce fruit add nothing to efforts to identify the timing of fruiting peaks and can potentially skew percentages if they die/are added to the plots mid-way through the study period. All stems were considered for this analysis, regardless of DBH, as different tree species begin to produce fruit at different sizes (see Results). Thus, for one species, a minimum DBH of, for example, 15 cm may include a number of stems that will never produce fruit (as fruit is not produced in this species until over ca. 20 cm DBH), and exclude a number of stems that are capable of producing fruit for another species (as fruit production begins at ca. 10 cm DBH for this species). Thus, we included all stems for each species that produced fruit to produce our estimates, and state the minimum DBH that produced fruit in the species results sheets. Although the minimum size limit for inclusion in Sabangau plots was 6 cm DBH, comparisons of stem densities were performed for stems ≥ 10 and 20 cm DBH, to ensure comparability with the minimum DBH of trees included in the Tuanan plots (10 cm DBH).

7

In some instances, where different species within the same genera (a) had nearly identical fruiting patterns; and (b) were very difficult to distinguish in the field, results are presented with the different species in the genera merged, rather than broken down into species. These species/genera are noted. Furthermore, for some genera containing many similar species (e.g., Xylopia, Litsea), the species in a genera have been merged for one site (in these cases Tuanan), but not the other, reflecting differences in the confidence with which these species have been distinguished in the plots at each site. In such cases, stem densities are recorded as “NA” for a site in the species accounts that do not apply to that site. The minimum sample size for inclusion in the analysis was one fruiting stem. Four considerations regarding sample size should be taken into account when interpreting our results: (i) the larger the sample size of stems monitored, the more confidence can be placed in the results for a particular species; (ii) variability in figures for percentage fruiting stems with fruit will be higher for species with very low sample size; (iii) fruiting events for a species generally do not involve all stems of that species producing fruit at the same time (see Results), so some fruiting events may be missed if the small number of stems included in the sample do not participate in a particular fruiting event, resulting in an impression of less regular fruiting for species with smaller sample size; and (iv) the larger the sample size, the higher the probability of small trees producing fruit, because production of fruit by very small stems is uncommon. Based on the species accounts created via the above methods, we list those species/genera that have a high probability of fruiting in each month (arbitrarily defined as ≥ 1% or ≥ 10% of fruiting stems bearing fruit, Appendix I). We incorporate both the mean level of fruit production in that month and the variability surrounding this mean (expressed as the SD). The properties of the standard deviation statistic are such that, for data with a normal distribution, 68% of cases lie within one SD either side of the mean and, consequently, 32% of cases lie outside of one SD of the mean. As we are interested in identifying the likelihood that there will be at least a minimum amount of fruit available, the “high” half of this 32% of cases lying outside one SD of the mean are irrelevant here (larger fruit abundance than predicted is a bonus). Thus, by subtracting one SD from the mean for each species at each site, a figure is produced suggesting that on 84% of occasions the percentage of fruiting stems bearing fruit will be as high or higher than that figure. Many of the data will not be normally distributed, but nevertheless, this still provides a rough measure with which to make an objective assessment to compare between species. Based on this calendar, we also provide a summary table (Appendix II and Results), in which we list all the species at both sites and categorise them according to the regularity and consistency of their fruiting. Each species/genus for which we have fruiting data has been classified in one of the following fruiting categories for each site: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.

Year-round - high likelihood of fruit in 9 or more months of the year; Frequent - high likelihood of fruit in 4-8 months of the year; Regular - high likelihood of fruit in 1-3 identified months of the year; Irregular - no high likelihood of fruit in any particular month of the year; and Never fruiting - never fruited during the study period.

8

RESULTS Results have been presented in a different order to that described in the Methods section, to provide the simpler summaries first, followed by the detailed species accounts (on which these summaries are based).

9

Calendar of Species with High Likelihood of Fruiting in Different Months and Fruiting Regularity Categories In this table, we indicate the months in which a high likelihood of fruiting exists for both sites, plus fruiting regularity classifications for both sites. The calendar of timing of high-likelihood fruiting events and the fruiting regularity classification table on which this is based are provided in Appendices I and II, respectively. Key Abbreviations for monthly fruiting events: s = Sabangau, high likelihood of ≥ 1% fruiting stems bearing fruit; S = Sabangau, high likelihood of ≥ 10% fruiting stems bearing fruit; t = Tuanan, high likelihood of ≥ 1% fruiting stems bearing fruit; T = Tuanan, high likelihood of ≥ 10% fruiting stems bearing fruit. Abbreviations for fruiting categories: - = no date; 0 = never fruited; F = frequent; I = irregular; R = regular; YR = year round.

Species Anacardiaceae Bouea oppositofolia Buchanania sp. Campnosperma coriaceum Campnosperma squamatum

Category SA TU 0 F I

I R -

Anisophyllaceae Combretocarpus rotundatus

F

-

Annonaceae Cyathocalyx biovulatus Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Mezzetia umbellata

I F R

F I

Jan

s

Feb

Mar Apr May

t

S

t

Month Jun Jul

s

s

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

s

s

s

s

t

t s

s t

Dec

S

s

s

s

S

s

T s

10

Species Polyalthia glauca Polyalthia hypoleuca Xylopia cf. malayana Xylopia coriifolia Xylopia fusca Xylopia spp (exc. fusca)

Category SA TU I F F I I F R I

Apocynaceae Dyera lowii

F

R

Aquifoliaceae Ilex hypoglauca Ilex spp.

I -

I

Burseraceae Canarium sp. 1 Santiria spp.

I F

R

Celesteraceae Lophopetalum sp. 1

0

-

Chrysobalanaceae Licania splendens

-

R

Jan

Feb

T

T

Mar Apr May

s

Aug

t

s

s t

Month Jun Jul

t

t

S T

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

s

S T

S T

s T

S

S

s

S t

S

s t

s

s

s

t

11

Species Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Calophyllum hosei Calophyllum inophyllum Calophyllum nodusum Calophyllum sclerophyllum (SA) Calophyllum sclerophyllum (TU) Calophyllum soulattri Calophyllum sp. Garcinia cf parvifolia Garcinia sp. 1 Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Gardenia leiocarpum Mesua sp. 1

Category SA TU R R I I I R

0 I 0 I Y

I

R -

Crypteroniaceae Dactylocladus stenostachys

I

I

Dipterocarpaceae cf. Anisoptera sp. 1 Cotylelobium melanoxylon Cotyolebium cf. lanceolatum Dipterocarpus borneensis

0 0 I

I -

Jan

Feb s

Mar Apr May

Month Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

t

t

T

s T

S T

s

s

S T

T

t

t T

t

t

t

T

t

12

Species Dipterocarpus fagineus Shorea balangeran Shorea crassa Shorea parvifolia Shorea parvistipulata Shorea teysmanniana Shorea uliginosa Vatica mangachopai Ebenaceae Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Diospyros cf. evena Diospyros confertiflora Diospyros siamang Diospyros spp. (exc. bantamensis / pseudomalabarica and siamang) Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus cf. griffithi Elaeocarpus marginatus Elaeocarpus mastersii

Category SA TU I I 0 I 0 I 0 I -

F I I Y -

Y R I

I 0 I

I

Jan

Feb

s T

t

S

S

Mar Apr May

S

S

S

Month Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

s t

s t

s t

s t

s T

s T

s T

S

S

S

s

S

S

S t

13

Species Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea bracteata Baccaurea stipulata Blumeodendron elateriospermum / tokbrai Cephalomappa sp. 1 Neoscortechinia kingii Pimelodendron griffithi

Category SA TU F I F I I 0

R I R -

Fabaceae / Leguminosae Adenanthera malayana Adenanthera pavonina Archidendron borneensis Dialium indum Koompassia malaccensis

0 R I

0 0 I

Fagaceae Castanopsis foxworthyii / jaherii Lithocarpus spp.

I R

0 R

Hypericaceae Cratoxylon arborescens Cratoxylon glaucum

R I

0 I

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr May

s

Month Jun Jul

s

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

S

S T

S T

s T

T

s

s

t

t

s

Dec

t

t

S

14

Species Icacinaceae Platea excelsa Platea sp. Platea sp. 2 Stemonurus scorpiodes

Category SA TU I I R

I I

Lauraceae Alseodaphne coriacea Alseodaphne sp.1 Alseodaphne sp.2 Cryptoaria sp.1 Cryptoaria sp.2 Litsea cf. elliptica Litsea cf. rufo-fusca Litsea sp. 1 cf. resinosa Litsea spp. Notaphoebe sp. 1 Notaphoebe umbeliflora Phoebe cf. grandis

0 I R R R 0 0

0 I R I I I 0 -

Linaceae Ctenolophon parvifolius

F

-

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr May

Month Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

t

t

S

S

s

t

s

S

s s

s

S

S

S

15

Species Magnoliaceae Magnolia bintuluensis Magnolia sp.

Category SA TU

Jan

I -

0

Melastomataceae Memecylon sp. 1 Memecylon sp. 3 Pternandra cf. coerulescens / galeata

R I I

-

Meliaceae Aglaia rubiginosa Sandoricum beccanarium

Y I

I I

S

Moraceae Parartocarpus venenosus

R

R

S t

Myristicaceae Gymnacranthera cf. farquhariania Horsfieldia crassifolia Knema intermedia Myristica lowiana

I I I I

F I -

t

Feb

s

Mar Apr May

s

t

Month Jun Jul

s

t

t

S

Aug

Sep

S

s

S

S

t

t

Oct

Nov

Dec

S

S

S

S

S

t

t

16

Species Myrsinaceae cf. Rapanea borneensis

Category SA TU I

-

0 F R R F

I I F R

I

I

Oxalidaceae Sarcotheca spp

-

I

Pittosporaceae Pittosporum sp. 1

0

-

Rhizophoraceae Carallia sp. 1 Carallia sp.2 Gynotroches sp. 1

0

R 0 -

Myrtaceae Eugenia cf. spicata Rhodamnia cinerea Syzygium garcinifolia Syzygium havilandii Syzygium sp. 5 Syzygium spp. (exc. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Tristaniopsis spp.

Jan

s

Feb

Mar Apr May

t

Month Jun Jul

s

S

s

s

s t

s t

S s s s

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

S t

s

S t

s t

s t

s

s

s

s

t

17

Species Rubiaceae Canthium dydimum Gardenia tubifera Mussaendopsis beccariana

Category SA TU I 0 -

I

Rutaceae Acronychia pedunculata Tetractomia tetrandra

R

I -

Sapindaceae cf. Cubilia cubili Nephelium maingayi Nephelium maingayi Nephellium lappaceum Nephellium sp. 1 Pornetia pinnata Xerospermum laevigatum / noronhianum

0 0 I 0 I

I 0 I

Sapotaceae Isonandra lanceolata Isonandra sp. 1 Madhuca mottleyana Palaquium cochlearifolium

I R F I

R I

Jan

Feb

s

Mar Apr May

Month Jun Jul

s t

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

s

s

S

S

s

s S

Aug

s

18

Species Palaquium leiocarpum Palaquium pseudorostratum Palaquium ridleyii / cf. xanthochymum Payena leerii Pouteria malaccensis

Category SA TU F F F F R I I I

Simaroubaceae Quassia borneensis

0

-

Sterculiaceae Sterculia rhoidifolia Sterculia sp. Sterculia sp. 1

0 -

I 0

Tetrameristaceae Tetramerista glabra

F

R

Theaceae Ploiarium alternifolium Ternstroemia hosei Ternstroemia magnifica

I 0

I -

Jan s T sT s

s

Feb T s T

Mar Apr May

s

Month Jun Jul s S

Aug S t

Sep S t t

Oct S T s T

Nov S T s T

Dec s T s T

s

s

s

S

s

s

s

s

S

19

Species Thymelaeaeceae Gonystylus bancanus Tiliaceae Microcos (Grewia) sp. 1 Microcos sp.

Category SA TU I

I

I -

R

Jan

Feb

Mar Apr May

Month Jun Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

t

t

20

Fruiting Phenology Species Accounts These accounts are presented alphabetically by Latin name, ordered by family, then genus and species. The following notes should be considered when interpreting these accounts: 1. The definitions listed above for “fruiting stems”, etc., are adhered to in the accounts. 2. “NA” indicates that there are no available data for that species at that site (i.e., that there were no fruiting stems in the plots, or species within a genera were lumped at one site, but not the other). 3. A stem density of “0 / ha” indicates that the species is not present at a site and has never been recorded, either inside or outside of the phenology plots. 4. A stem density of “< 1 / ha” indicates that either (a) the species is present in the phenology plots, but is at a very low density (indicated by a total number of stems sampled ≥ 1); or (b) that the species (or DBH class) is found in the site, but is either very rare or not present in the phenology plots (indicated by a total number of stems sampled equal to zero). 5. Fruiting frequency categories match those described in the methods above. 6. On graphs, the death of the only stem of a species at a site is marked by a solid arrow (black for Sabangau, red for Tuanan) and the addition of the only stem of species is marked by a hollow arrow (black for Sabangau, red for Tuanan).

21

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Anacardiaceae Bouea oppositofolia Tamehas (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 1 <1 1 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

22

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Anacardiaceae Buchanania sp. Rengas parei (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 1 <1 2 2 100 0 / 100

NA NA

11 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site % fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

Sep-03

0

Month Tuanan

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

23

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan NA NA 1.28 3.14

Feb NA NA 1.28 3.14

Mar NA NA 0.00 0.00

Apr NA NA 2.80 4.36

May NA NA 10.72 15.36

Jun NA NA 26.11 22.42

Jul NA NA 41.54 38.31

Aug NA NA 40.00 28.47

Sep NA NA 20.51 30.25

Oct NA NA 15.38 20.64

Nov NA NA 2.56 3.97

Dec NA NA 0.00 0.00

Anacardiaceae Campnosperma coriaceum Terontang (SA), tarantang (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems

Sabangau 40 13 69 45 65 40 / 76

Tuanan 17 2 33 14 42 8 / 57

24

bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

9 Frequent

10 Regular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

Sep-03

0

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

25

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 25.27 20.20 10.20 11.37

Feb 16.20 17.63 8.86 8.30

Mar 5.88 5.63 11.83 6.42

Apr 8.69 8.75 0 0

May 7.12 4.82 0 0

Jun 21.51 27.36 2.38 5.83

Jul 11.76 10.28 2.86 6.39

Aug 0.94 1.29 0 0

Sep 11.72 22.84 0 0

Oct 1.55 2.40 2.78 6.80

Nov 22.05 25.80 4.76 7.38

Dec 20.16 13.39 2.78 4.30

26

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Anacardiaceae Campnosperma squamatum Teras nyating (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 3 <1 11 2 18 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

8 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

27

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

Anisophyllaceae Combretocarpus rotundatus Tumih (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems

Sabangau 11 5 22 18 82

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA

28

Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

57 / 83

NA

6 / 21* Frequent

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

29

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 19.44 24.02 NA NA

Feb 21.46 27.28 NA NA

Annonaceae Cyathocalyx biovulatus Kerandau (SA)

Mar 45.21 24.67 NA NA

Apr 36.32 22.55 NA NA

May 34.78 27.36 NA NA

Jun 32.79 30.88 NA NA

Jul 34.72 32.78 NA NA

Aug 15.16 28.11 NA NA

Sep 21.10 30.23 NA NA

Oct 31.01 25.04 NA NA

Nov 33.69 34.63 NA NA

Dec 32.34 26.83 NA NA

* Minimum DBH producing fruit 6 cm, but on 369 observations of fruiting in this species, 366 (99%) were in trees over 21 cm DBH

Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems

Sabangau 8 <1 14 3 21

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA

30

Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

33 / 67

NA

7 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

Sep-03

0

Month Sabangau

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

31

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 5.56 13.61 NA NA

Feb 5.56 13.61 NA NA

Mar 11.11 17.21 NA NA

Apr 11.11 17.21 NA NA

May 11.11 17.21 NA NA

Jun 5.56 13.61 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 6.67 14.91 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 5.56 13.61 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

Annonaceae Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Keripak / pisang-pisang besar (SA), mahawai umb (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year

Sabangau 22 5 58 17 29 38 / 82

Tuanan 10 2 19 10 53 10 / 80

32

Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

7 Frequent

13 Frequent

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Jun-07

Sep-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month

Sabangau

Tuanan

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

33

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 6.86 6.88 13.33 10.33

Feb 4.90 6.88 5.00 5.48

Mar 4.96 9.43 5.00 5.48

Apr 15.75 22.80 3.33 5.16

May 18.75 18.33 16.67 10.33

Jun 15.87 16.53 21.67 16.02

Jul 21.40 15.84 22.00 20.49

Aug 18.97 12.65 18.00 24.90

Sep 23.77 15.65 15.00 25.10

Oct 23.03 14.62 21.67 27.14

Nov 9.93 9.64 20.00 27.57

Dec 11.83 12.30 16.67 13.66

34

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Annonaceae Mezzetia umbellata Kambalitan hitam / pisang-pisang kecil (SA), Kambalitan (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 7 1 14 10 71 20 / 80

Tuanan 8 3 15 12 80 8 / 92

14 Regular

10 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

35

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 3.33 5.16 19.44 22.77

Feb 5.00 5.48 5.56 10.09

Mar 6.67 12.11 0 0

Apr 6.85 12.18 1.39 3.40

May 8.33 16.02 6.94 17.01

Jun 11.67 7.53 8.33 16.67

Jul 14.00 15.17 5.00 4.56

Aug 12.00 13.04 6.67 9.13

Sep 15.42 18.60 2.78 6.80

Oct 20.00 21.91 8.33 16.67

Nov 21.67 13.29 19.44 26.18

Dec 6.67 10.33 27.78 34.02

Annonaceae Polyalthia glauca Kayu bulan (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems

Sabangau 2 <1 5 2

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA

36

Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

40 0 / 100

NA NA

20 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

Sep-03

0

Month Sabangau

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

37

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Feb 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Mar 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Apr 8.33 20.41 NA NA

May 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Oct 33.33 40.82 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

Annonaceae Polyalthia hypoleuca Rewoi / alulup (SA), Mahawai (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year

Sabangau 1 <1 8 5 63 40 / 100

Tuanan 3 1 6 5 83 80 / 100

38

Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm)

8 Frequent

11 Frequent

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

Sep-03

0

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

39

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 15.00 23.45 70.00 37.42

Feb 12.50 30.62 62.50 34.02

Mar 20.00 40.00 46.67 41.31

Apr 3.33 8.16 18.33 28.58

May 0 0 10.83 12.01

Jun 0 0 0 0

Jul 0 0 5.00 11.18

Aug 0 0 5.00 11.18

Sep 31.94 28.80 29.17 45.87

Oct 59.72 22.42 60.00 45.61

Nov 45.56 31.10 63.33 38.82

Dec 35.56 30.01 66.67 39.33

40

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Annonaceae Xylopia coriifolia Nonang (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 6 1 11 4 36 0 / 100

Tuanan NA NA NA NA NA NA

9 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

41

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 4.17 10.21 NA NA

Mar 4.17 10.21 NA NA

Apr 8.33 12.91 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 5.00 11.18 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 8.33 12.91 NA NA

Nov 4.17 10.21 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

42

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Annonaceae Xylopia fusca Rahanjang / jangkang kuning (SA), rahanjang bawi (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 32 13 59 35 59 43 / 92

Tuanan 10 1 19 13 68 0 / 100

8 Frequent

10 Regular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

43

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0.88 2.15 1.28 3.14

Feb 2.71 3.40 1.28 3.14

Mar 17.76 15.34 0 0

Apr 6.19 12.44 2.80 4.36

May 2.38 3.80 10.72 15.36

Jun 4.61 6.66 26.11 22.42

Jul 21.86 26.79 41.54 38.31

Aug 42.65 25.16 40.00 28.47

Sep 48.34 18.07 20.51 30.25

Oct 44.61 22.33 15.38 20.64

Nov 14.26 22.89 2.56 3.97

Dec 3.58 6.40 0 0

44

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Annonaceae Xylopia cf. malayana Tagula (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 4 <1 10 3 30 0 / 100

Tuanan NA NA NA NA NA NA

11 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

45

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 80 60 40 20 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 5.56 13.61 NA NA

May 5.56 13.61 NA NA

Jun 11.11 27.22 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

46

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Annonaceae Xylopia spp. (exc. fusca) Rahanjang batu / hatue (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau NA NA NA NA NA NA

Tuanan 5 <1 9 5 56 0 / 40

NA NA

13 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Tuanan

47

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 3.33 8.16

Feb NA NA 3.33 8.16

Mar NA NA 10.00 16.73

Apr NA NA 6.67 10.33

May NA NA 10.00 10.95

Jun NA NA 3.33 8.16

Jul NA NA 4.00 8.94

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 3.33 8.16

Oct NA NA 3.33 8.16

Nov NA NA 6.67 10.33

Dec NA NA 3.33 8.16

48

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Apocynaceae Dyera lowii Jelutong (SA), pantung (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm)

Sabangau 16 11 43 15 35 23 / 80

Tuanan 12 6 23 7 30 14 / 43

6 / 23* Frequent

15 Regular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

49

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 27.35 22.24 11.90 10.75

Feb 25.47 22.91 7.14 7.82

Mar 12.56 18.14 7.14 11.95

Apr 8.29 9.75 7.14 7.82

May 6.84 8.44 4.76 7.38

Jun 5.56 10.68 2.38 5.83

Jul 4.00 5.96 5.71 7.82

Aug 1.33 2.98 5.71 7.82

Sep 2.39 3.72 4.76 7.38

Oct 9.51 5.72 4.76 11.66

Nov 18.57 14.51 2.38 5.83

Dec 28.63 11.40 11.90 10.75

Aquifoliaceae Ilex cymosa / sp. 1 No local name (SA), kambasira hatue / kambasira bawi (TU)

* Minimum DBH producing fruit 6 cm, but on 123 observations of fruiting in this species, 120 (97%) were in trees over 23 cm DBH

50

Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 7 <1 13 2 15 0 / 100

NA NA

14 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

Sep-03

0

Month Tuanan

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

51

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 8.33 20.41

Feb NA NA 8.33 20.41

Mar NA NA 0 0

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 10.00 22.36

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 0 0

Nov NA NA 0 0

Dec NA NA 8.33 20.41

52

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Aquifoliaceae Ilex hypoglauca Sumpung (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 9 <1 26 4 15 0 / 75

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

7 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

53

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 4.17 10.21 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 4.17 10.21 NA NA

Apr 12.50 30.62 NA NA

May 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 5.00 11.18 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 16.67 30.28 NA NA

54

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Burseraceae Canarium sp. 1 Geronggang putih (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 9 <1 12 4 33 0 / 75

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

15 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

55

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 8.33 12.91 NA NA

Feb 4.17 10.21 NA NA

Mar 12.50 20.92 NA NA

Apr 12.50 20.92 NA NA

May 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Jun 4.17 10.21 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 4.17 10.21 NA NA

Dec 8.33 12.91 NA NA

Burseraceae Santiria spp. Geronggang spp./teras bambang/irat (SA), galagah parupuk/kayu sapat (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems

Sabangau 6 <1 20 2

Tuanan 6 <1 11 7

56

Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

10 50 / 100

64 0 / 71

29 Frequent

10 Regular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

Sep-03

0

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

57

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 33.33 25.82 19.05 25.02

Feb 25.00 27.39 23.33 29.16

Mar 8.33 20.41 17.06 27.70

Apr 8.33 20.41 11.90 18.99

May 8.33 20.41 9.52 17.30

Jun 16.67 25.82 4.76 7.38

Jul 20.00 27.39 0 0

Aug 20.00 27.39 0 0

Sep 41.67 37.64 5.16 8.03

Oct 25.00 41.83 7.54 8.30

Nov 58.33 37.64 12.70 15.26

Dec 41.67 37.64 19.84 17.92

Celesteraceae Lophopetalum sp. 1 Mahuwi (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year

Sabangau 1 <1 1 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

58

Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

59

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Chrysobalanaceae Liciana splendens Bintan (SA/TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 2 2 3 2 67 0 / 100

NA NA

23 Regular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Tuanan

60

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 25.00 27.39

Feb NA NA 25.00 27.39

Mar NA NA 33.33 40.82

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 10.00 22.36

Aug NA NA 10.00 22.36

Sep NA NA 16.67 25.82

Oct NA NA 16.67 25.82

Nov NA NA 25.00 27.39

Dec NA NA 33.33 25.82

61

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Clusiaceae / Gutterifae Calophyllum hosei Jinjit / bintangor (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 71 11 118 54 46 0 / 56

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

7 Regular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

62

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 22.81 27.37 NA NA

Feb 34.36 30.19 NA NA

Mar 31.67 29.60 NA NA

Apr 23.41 25.52 NA NA

May 7.99 18.71 NA NA

Jun 0.62 0.96 NA NA

Jul 0.36 0.80 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 0.31 0.77 NA NA

Nov 0.96 1.06 NA NA

Dec 0.69 1.70 NA NA

63

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Clusiaceae / Gutterifae Calophyllum inophyllum Kapurnaga jangkar (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

NA NA

NA Never fruited

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

64

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Clusiaceae / Gutterifae Calophyllum nodosum Mahadingan (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 11 3 21 13 62 0 / 77

NA NA

13 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Tuanan

65

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 5.13 7.94

Feb NA NA 18.33 27.65

Mar NA NA 18.33 30.11

Apr NA NA 14.10 24.04

May NA NA 3.85 6.44

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 1.54 3.44

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 0 0

Nov NA NA 0 0

Dec NA NA 6.41 15.70

66

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Clusiaceae / Gutterifae Calophyllum schlerophyllum (SA) Kapurnaga (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 7 <1 19 8 42 43 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

30 Regular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

67

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

35.42 45.12 NA NA

50.00 45.53 NA NA

38.39 44.35 NA NA

10.42 25.52 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

17.14 38.33 NA NA

19.64 37.33 NA NA

11.90 29.16 NA NA

7.14 17.50 NA NA

2.38 5.83 NA NA

33.33 46.66 NA NA

68

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Clusiaceae / Gutterifae Calophyllum sclerophyllum (TU) Kapurnaga kakal (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

NA NA

NA Never fruited

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

69

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Clusiaceae / Gutterifae Calophyllum soulattri Takal (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 26 3 37 8 22 0 / 85

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

15 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

70

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

16.07 28.90 NA NA

14.29 34.99 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

2.78 6.80 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

8.33 20.41 NA NA

71

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Clusiaceae / Gutterifae Calophyllum sp. Kapurnaga laut (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 6 <1 12 2 17 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

12 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

72

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 16.67 25.82 NA NA

Feb 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 16.67 40.82 NA NA

73

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Clusiaceae / Gutterifae Garcinia cf. parvifolia Gandis (SA/TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 1 0 2 1 50 0 / 100

NA NA

11 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Tuanan

74

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA

Feb NA NA

Mar NA NA

Apr NA NA

May NA NA

Jun NA NA

Jul NA NA

Aug NA NA

Sep NA NA

Oct NA NA

Nov NA NA

Dec NA NA

16.67 40.82

16.67 40.82

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

16.67 40.82

0 0

16.67 40.82

75

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Clusiaceae / Gutterifae Garcinia sp. 1 Aci (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 13 2 18 2 11 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

15 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

76

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Nov 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

77

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Clusiaceae / Gutterifae Garcinia spp (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1). Manggis spp. (SA/TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 12 <1 30 8 27 13 / 67

Tuanan 33 2.5 66 36 55 36 / 67

7 Regular

10 Year-round

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Jun-07

Sep-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

78

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 25.30 17.44 35.72 8.23

Feb 18.75 23.39 32.42 13.54

Mar 14.58 18.40 23.25 18.83

Apr 12.50 19.36 9.95 8.90

May 2.08 5.10 9.19 7.39

Jun 0 0 9.83 7.32

Jul 0 0 8.71 7.12

Aug 0 0 11.95 9.61

Sep 0 0 16.65 10.82

Oct 9.23 17.22 30.91 9.33

Nov 15.48 10.21 35.81 11.85

Dec 24.11 10.82 39.33 12.91

79

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Clusiaceae / Gutterifae Gardenia leiocarpum Hantangan (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan <1 <1 1 1 100 100 / 100

NA NA

12 Regular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Tuanan

80

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 33.33 51.64

Feb NA NA 16.67 40.82

Mar NA NA 16.67 40.82

Apr NA NA 66.67 51.64

May NA NA 50.00 54.77

Jun NA NA 66.67 51.64

Jul NA NA 60.00 54.77

Aug NA NA 40.00 54.77

Sep NA NA 33.33 51.64

Oct NA NA 33.33 51.64

Nov NA NA 16.67 40.82

Dec NA NA 50.00 54.77

81

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Clusiaceae / Gutterifae Mesua sp. 1 Tabaras akar tinggi (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 19 3 51 10 20 10 / 80

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

9 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

82

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 3.33 8.16 NA NA

Feb 15.00 27.39 NA NA

Mar 8.33 16.02 NA NA

Apr 12.92 16.76 NA NA

May 13.33 21.60 NA NA

Jun 5.00 12.25 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 2.00 4.47 NA NA

Sep 3.33 5.16 NA NA

Oct 1.67 4.08 NA NA

Nov 5.71 6.45 NA NA

Dec 1.67 4.08 NA NA

83

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Crypteroniaceae Dactylocladus stenostachys Mertibu (SA), martibu (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 10 6 26 10 38 10 / 80

Tuanan 11 3 21 2 10 0 / 100

25 Irregular

11 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

84

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 5.19 5.69 8.33 20.41

Feb 20.00 33.47 0 0

Mar 8.33 13.29 0 0

Apr 3.33 8.16 0 0

May 8.33 9.83 0 0

Jun 12.22 15.59 0 0

Jul 7.78 10.83 0 0

Aug 0 0 0 0

Sep 0 0 0 0

Oct 5.00 12.25 8.33 20.41

Nov 0 0 8.33 20.41

Dec 0 0 8.33 20.41

85

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Dipterocarpaceae cf. Anisoptera sp. 1 Keruing sabun (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

86

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Dipterocarpaceae Cotyolebium cf. lanceolatum Rasak galaget (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 4 <1 7 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

87

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Dipterocarpaceae Cotylelobium melanoxylon No local name (SA), rasak bukit (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan <1 <1 1 1 100 0 / 100

NA NA

43 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Tuanan

88

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 0 0

Feb NA NA 0 0

Mar NA NA 0 0

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 16.67 40.82

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 0 0

Nov NA NA 0 0

Dec NA NA 0 0

89

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus borneensis Keruing (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 4 2 10 2 20 0 / 50

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

16 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

90

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 16.67 40.82 NA NA

91

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpus fagineus Karuing (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 1 1 2 1 50 0 / 100

NA NA

31 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Tuanan

92

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 0 0

Feb NA NA 16.67 40.82

Mar NA NA 0 0

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 16.67 40.82

Nov NA NA 0 0

Dec NA NA 0 0

93

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Dipterocarpaceae Shorea balangeran Kahui / balangeran (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 2 2 2 2 100 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

22 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month

Sabangau

94

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 20.00 44.72 NA NA

Mar 20.00 27.39 NA NA

Apr 30.00 44.72 NA NA

May 10.00 22.36 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

95

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Dipterocarpaceae Shorea crassa No local name Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

96

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Dipterocarpaceae Shorea parvifolia Meranti daun kecil (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 36 9 72 1 1 0 / 100

NA NA

11 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Tuanan

97

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 0 0

Feb NA NA 0 0

Mar NA NA 0 0

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 0 0

Nov NA NA 16.67 40.82

Dec NA NA 0 0

98

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Dipterocarpaceae Shorea parvistipulata Meranti daun besar (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 3 1 5 0 0 NA

NA NA

NA Never fruited

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

99

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Dipterocarpaceae Shorea teysmanniana Meranti semut (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 57 11 149 9 6 0 / 63

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

7 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

100

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 2.08 5.10 NA NA

Feb 2.08 5.10 NA NA

Mar 2.08 5.10 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 2.08 5.10 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 2.38 5.83 NA NA

Nov 8.70 11.33 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

101

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Dipterocarpaceae Shorea uliginosa Meranti batu (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 1 <1 4 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

102

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Dipterocarpaceae Vatica mengachopai Rasak napu (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 1 <1 4 2 50 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

19 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

103

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 16.67 40.82 NA NA

May 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Jun 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Jul 10.00 22.36 NA NA

Aug 10.00 22.36 NA NA

Sep 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Oct 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Nov 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Dec 16.67 25.82 NA NA

104

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Ebenaceae Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Malam-malam / aring pahe (SA), tutup kabali (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 23 8 61 16 26 20 / 81

Tuanan 13 10 26 21 81 40 / 85

14 Frequent

13 Year-round

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

105

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

10.49 9.37 23.43 7.75

5.21 8.31 15.50 14.28

1.04 2.55 8.81 14.55

2.08 5.10 5.10 8.16

13.61 19.10 22.01 27.24

19.03 17.81 30.32 26.48

17.50 12.02 28.67 27.04

18.75 11.69 23.81 20.48

17.08 10.43 18.25 15.77

18.39 10.23 28.99 15.23

18.46 10.45 31.45 14.94

15.27 9.08 30.58 14.15

106

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Ebenaceae Diospyros confertiflora Arang (SA), kayu tulang (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 4 <1 7 1 14 0 / 100

Tuanan NA NA NA NA NA NA

18 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

107

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Feb 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Mar 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Apr 8.33 20.41 NA NA

May 16.67 25.82 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 10.00 22.36 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 16.67 25.82 NA NA

Nov 33.33 40.82 NA NA

Dec 33.33 40.82 NA NA

Ebenaceae Diospyros cf. evena Gulung haduk (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems

Sabangau 4 <1 8 1 13

Tuanan NA NA NA NA NA

108

Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

0 / 100

NA

37 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

Sep-03

0

Month Sabangau

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

109

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 16.67 40.82 NA NA

May 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Jun 50.00 54.77 NA NA

Jul 40.00 54.77 NA NA

Aug 20.00 44.72 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

110

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Ebenaceae Diospyros siamang Ehang (SA), pinding pandan (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 3 <1 16 8 50 63 / 100

Tuanan 3 1 7 5 71 0 / 67

21 Year-round

10 Regular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

111

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 60.42 18.40 10.00 10.95

Feb 56.25 18.96 7.50 11.73

Mar 64.58 25.52 15.83 30.07

Apr 47.92 33.93 11.67 20.41

May 70.83 20.41 15.00 23.45

Jun 62.50 33.54 13.33 24.22

Jul 67.50 33.77 20.00 24.49

Aug 55.00 31.37 16.00 26.08

Sep 35.00 26.22 0 0

Oct 43.75 25.92 10.83 12.01

Nov 56.25 36.01 7.50 11.73

Dec 56.25 36.01 14.17 11.14

112

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Ebenaceae Diospyros spp. (including confertiflora and sp. 2) Kayu tulang, ehang haduk, pinding pandan (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau NA NA NA NA NA NA

Tuanan 1 0 2 2 100 0 / 50

NA NA

10 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Tuanan

113

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan NA NA 0 0

Feb NA NA 0 0

Mar NA NA 8.33 20.41

Apr NA NA 8.33 20.41

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 0 0

Nov NA NA 8.33 20.41

Dec NA NA 0 0

Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus cf. griffithi Rarumpuit (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems

Sabangau 1 <1 2 1 50

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA

114

Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

0 / 100

NA

12 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

Sep-03

0

Month Sabangau

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

115

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

M onth Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Feb 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Mar 33.33 51.64 NA NA

Apr 16.67 40.82 NA NA

May 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Jun 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Oct 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Nov 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Dec 16.67 40.82 NA NA

116

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus marginatus Kejinjing (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

117

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpus mastersii Mangkinang (SA), mangkinang blawau (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 6 <1 16 4 25 0 / 50

Tuanan 15 0 30 12 40 0 / 60

9 Irregular

10 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

118

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 10.56 11.08

Feb 5.56 13.61 22.01 22.14

Mar 5.56 13.61 21.44 26.52

Apr 5.56 13.61 22.22 26.70

May 0 0 19.17 22.45

Jun 0 0 19.44 21.02

Jul 6.67 14.91 7.00 7.11

Aug 0 0 3.33 4.56

Sep 4.17 10.21 2.08 5.10

Oct 4.17 10.21 12.99 17.94

Nov 8.33 20.41 10.68 11.05

Dec 4.17 10.21 10.32 12.31

119

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Elaeocarpaceae cf. Elaeocarpus sp. Bayur (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

NA NA

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

120

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea bracteata Rambai hutan (SA), Hampuak (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 1 <1 14 9 64 22 / 78

Tuanan <1 <1 1 1 100 100 / 100

6 Frequent

10 Regular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

121

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 3.70 9.07 25.00 50.00

Feb 1.85 4.54 0 0

Mar 0 0 0 0

Apr 0 0 0 0

May 3.70 9.07 0 0

Jun 5.19 8.51 40.00 54.77

Jul 32.44 20.28 50.00 57.74

Aug 30.00 14.78 75.00 50.00

Sep 15.93 5.34 100.00 0

Oct 17.41 13.93 100.00 0

Nov 15.74 18.91 100.00 0

Dec 14.07 18.90 50.00 57.74

122

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Euphorbiaceae Baccaurea stipulata Kayu tulang (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 1 <1 2 1 50 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

8 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

123

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

M onth Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

124

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Euphorbiaceae Blumeodendron elateriospermum / tokbrai / kurzii Kenari (SA), kerandau putih (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 19 1 73 13 18 23 / 58

Tuanan 10 1 19 5 26 0 / 80

6 Frequent

12 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

125

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 7.69 9.73 0 0

Feb 11.65 8.01 0 0

Mar 8.97 12.32 4.17 10.21

Apr 5.59 6.55 0 0

May 6.73 10.86 13.33 20.66

Jun 16.15 13.88 13.33 20.66

Jul 20.22 12.73 12.00 17.89

Aug 19.81 10.30 8.00 17.89

Sep 6.64 7.63 0 0

Oct 3.85 6.44 0 0

Nov 6.64 9.05 0 0

Dec 5.13 6.28 3.33 8.16

126

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Euphorbiaceae Cephalomappa sp. 1 Kerandau (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 4 <1 7 3 43 0 / 33

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

11 Irregular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

127

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 11.11 17.21 NA NA

Mar 5.56 13.61 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 5.56 13.61 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

128

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Euphorbiaceae Neoscortechinia kingii Pupu palanduk (SA), kerandau (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 39 4 64 21 33 10 / 67

Tuanan 74 16 147 90 61 22 / 57

8 Irregular

10 Regular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

129

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

13.53 20.05 21.84 20.33

3.17 4.92 11.65 18.02

0.79 1.94 8.26 17.44

0 0 0.74 1.35

0.79 1.94 0.74 1.35

2.38 3.98 1.30 2.16

1.95 2.67 2.67 2.55

0.95 2.13 6.00 9.77

7.14 13.38 10.01 13.46

10.52 9.60 11.88 12.87

21.43 23.67 23.56 19.26

15.08 23.79 24.07 19.86

130

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Euphorbiaceae Pimelodendron griffithi No local name Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

131

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Fabaceae / Leguminosae Adenanthera malayana No local name Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

NA NA

NA Never fruited

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

132

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Fabaceae / Leguminosae Adenanthera pavonina Tapanggang (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 1 <1 1 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

133

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Fabaceae / Leguminosae Archidendron borneensis Kacang nyaring (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 1 1 100 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

11 Regular

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

134

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

M onth Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 100.00 0.00 NA NA

Feb 50.00 70.71 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 50.00 70.71 NA NA

Nov 50.00 70.71 NA NA

Dec 100.00 0.00 NA NA

135

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Fabaceae / Leguminosae Dialium indum Keranji (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

NA NA

NA Never fruited

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

136

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Fabaceae / Leguminosae Koompasia malaccensis Bungaris / kempas (SA), bengaris (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 6 4 13 5 38 0 / 25

Tuanan 12 8 23 3 13 0 / 33

43 Irregular

21 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

137

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 11.11 17.21

Feb 0 0 0 0

Mar 0 0 5.56 13.61

Apr 0 0 0 0

May 0 0 0 0

Jun 0 0 0 0

Jul 0 0 0 0

Aug 0 0 0 0

Sep 4.17 10.21 0 0

Oct 0 0 0 0

Nov 0 0 0 0

Dec 0 0 0 0

138

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Fagaceae Castanopsis foxworthyii / jaherii Takurak (SA/TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 2 <1 4 2 50 0 / 50

Tuanan <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

14 Irregular

NA Never fruited

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

139

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Feb 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Mar 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Apr 8.33 20.41 NA NA

May 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Jun 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Nov 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Dec 8.33 20.41 NA NA

140

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Fagaceae Lithocarpus spp. Pampaning spp (SA/TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 23 2 56 32 57 9 / 42

Tuanan 4 0 8 3 38 0 / 100

7 Regular

10 Regular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

141

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 2.51 4.33 5.56 13.61

Feb 11.94 9.74 0 0

Mar 12.84 14.43 0 0

Apr 8.05 9.67 38.89 37.52

May 7.58 9.81 36.11 37.14

Jun 6.54 8.39 22.22 27.22

Jul 3.64 4.98 6.67 14.91

Aug 2.73 4.07 0 0

Sep 0 0 0 0

Oct 4.17 10.21 0 0

Nov 1.80 2.84 5.56 13.61

Dec 1.80 2.84 5.56 13.61

142

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Hypericaceae Cratoxylum arborescens Geronggang (SA), garunggang (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 12 4 22 10 45 9 / 40

Tuanan 1 <1 2 0 0 NA

15 Regular

NA Never fruited

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Sabangau

143

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

M onth Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 1.82 4.07 NA NA

Sep 29.61 38.05 NA NA

Oct 21.47 8.07 NA NA

Nov 4.76 11.66 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

144

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Hypericaceae Cratoxylon glaucum Geronggang merah (SA), mipa (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 24 2 33 17 52 6 / 82

Tuanan 11 2 21 1 5 0 / 100

7 Irregular

37 Irregular

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

145

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0.98 2.40 16.67 40.82

Feb 0 0 0 0

Mar 0.98 2.40 0 0

Apr 0 0 0 0

May 0 0 0 0

Jun 0 0 0 0

Jul 1.33 2.98 0 0

Aug 1.33 2.98 0 0

Sep 16.67 30.77 0 0

Oct 8.10 11.69 33.33 51.64

Nov 1.11 2.72 16.67 40.82

Dec 1.11 2.72 16.67 40.82

146

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Icacinaceae Platea excelsa Kambalitan (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 4 <1 12 1 8 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

18 Irregular

NA NA

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

147

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

148

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Icacinceae Platea sp. Tambalik angin (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 5 1 9 1 11 0 / 100

NA NA

17 Irregular

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

149

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 16.67 40.82

Feb NA NA 16.67 40.82

Mar NA NA 16.67 40.82

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 33.33 51.64

Nov NA NA 33.33 51.64

Dec NA NA 16.67 40.82

150

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Icacinaceae Platea sp. 2 Lampesu (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 2 <1 4 1 25 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

11 Irregular

NA NA

100 90 80 70 60

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

151

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 20.00 44.72 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 16.67 40.82 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Nov 40.00 54.77 NA NA

Dec 40.00 54.77 NA NA

152

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Icacinaceae Stemonurus scorpiodes Tabaras yang tidak punya akar (SA), keput bajuku (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 20 2 44 10 23 10 / 40

Tuanan 31 2 61 58 95 0 / 86

8 Regular

10 Irregular

100 90 80 70 60

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

153

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 13.33 5.16 20.60 23.76

Feb 6.67 10.33 23.28 29.01

Mar 1.67 4.08 25.42 29.82

Apr 3.33 8.16 10.22 21.67

May 0 0 8.77 21.49

Jun 0 0 4.09 10.03

Jul 0 0 0.34 0.77

Aug 0 0 0.35 0.78

Sep 6.85 12.18 0.29 0.72

Oct 0 0 3.74 6.93

Nov 10.00 10.95 5.75 12.42

Dec 6.67 8.16 10.08 19.85

154

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Lauraceae Alseodaphne coriacea Gemur (SA/TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 2 0 0 NA

Tuanan 1 <1 2 0 0 NA

NA Never fruited

NA Never fruited

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

155

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Lauraceae Alseodaphne sp. 1 Karamuan (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 2 <1 3 1 33 0 / 100

NA NA

23 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

156

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 16.67 40.82

Feb NA NA 0 0

Mar NA NA 0 0

Apr NA NA 16.67 40.82

May NA NA 16.67 40.82

Jun NA NA 16.67 40.82

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 0 0

Nov NA NA 0 0

Dec NA NA 0 0

157

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Lauraceae Alseodaphne sp. 2 Tagula daun besar (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 23 2 45 39 87 8 / 95

NA NA

10 Regular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

158

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 27.41 25.51

Feb NA NA 21.31 21.39

Mar NA NA 15.30 16.73

Apr NA NA 3.09 6.32

May NA NA 1.32 3.22

Jun NA NA 1.74 3.18

Jul NA NA 2.14 2.93

Aug NA NA 6.59 11.91

Sep NA NA 8.27 16.41

Oct NA NA 22.69 23.40

Nov NA NA 20.73 18.36

Dec NA NA 26.39 24.93

159

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Lauraceae Cryptocarya sp. 1 Kamehas daun besar (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 2 0 3 2 67 0 / 100

NA NA

13 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

160

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA

Feb NA NA

Mar NA NA

16.67 40.82

8.33 20.41

8.33 20.41

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 0 0

Nov NA NA 0 0

Dec NA NA 10.00 22.36

161

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Lauraceae Cryptocarya sp. 2 Kamehas daun perak (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 8 <1 15 9 60 0 / 44

NA NA

10 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

162

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA

Feb NA NA

Mar NA NA

3.70 5.74

7.87 10.00

3.70 5.74

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA

Aug NA NA

2.22 4.97

2.22 4.97

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA

Nov NA NA

Dec NA NA

3.70 5.74

3.70 5.74

7.41 9.07

163

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Lauraceae Litsea cf. elliptica Species medang (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 13 2 19 15 79 20 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

7 Irregular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

164

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Feb 3.33 8.16 NA NA

Mar 4.77 4.01 NA NA

Apr 1.11 2.72 NA NA

May 4.62 8.48 NA NA

Jun 8.36 14.33 NA NA

Jul 6.67 8.16 NA NA

Aug 9.67 11.33 NA NA

Sep 18.33 33.03 NA NA

Oct 10.00 15.63 NA NA

Nov 8.61 18.03 NA NA

Dec 12.78 28.16 NA NA

165

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Lauraceae Litsea cf. rufo-fusca Tampang (SA), kamehas daun kecil (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 6 <1 12 5 42 20 / 60

Tuanan NA NA NA NA NA NA

12 Regular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

166

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 16.67 15.06 NA NA

Feb 6.67 10.33 NA NA

Mar 4.17 10.21 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 3.33 8.16 NA NA

Jun 3.33 8.16 NA NA

Jul 4.00 8.94 NA NA

Aug 8.00 10.95 NA NA

Sep 20.00 25.30 NA NA

Oct 20.00 17.89 NA NA

Nov 10.83 12.01 NA NA

Dec 13.33 16.33 NA NA

167

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Lauraceae Litsea cf. resinosa Medang marakuwung (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 9 <1 35 6 17 14 / 43

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

9 Regular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

168

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 7.54 12.27 NA NA

Feb 2.38 5.83 NA NA

Mar 4.76 11.66 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 2.38 5.83 NA NA

Jun 2.38 5.83 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 3.33 7.45 NA NA

Sep 5.16 8.03 NA NA

Oct 10.87 8.68 NA NA

Nov 9.92 11.90 NA NA

Dec 4.76 7.38 NA NA

169

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Lauraceae Litsea spp. (including cf. firma, cf. rufo-fusca and other species) Kamehas daun kecil, tagula daun kecil, pahawas (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau NA NA NA NA NA NA

Tuanan 14 0 28 15 54 0 / 75

NA NA

10 Irregular

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

100

Month Tuanan

170

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan NA NA

Feb NA NA

Mar NA NA

Apr NA NA

May NA NA

Jun NA NA

Jul NA NA

Aug NA NA

Sep NA NA

Oct NA NA

Nov NA NA

Dec NA NA

7.78 8.86

3.33 8.16

1.11 2.72

2.22 5.44

1.11 2.72

7.22 11.63

6.67 14.91

6.67 14.91

2.22 3.44

16.67 17.26

9.17 15.55

10.28 12.40

Lauraceae Notaphoebe sp. 1 Medang sp. (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled

Sabangau <1 <1 1

Tuanan 0 0 0

171

Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

0 0 NA

NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

172

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Lauraceae Notaphoebe umbeliflora Kaja (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

NA NA

NA Never fruited

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

173

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Lauraceae Phoebe cf. grandis Tabitik (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 6 <1 12 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

174

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Linaceae Ctenolophon parvifolius Kayu cahang (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 3 2 14 11 79 60 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

20 Frequent

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

175

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

52.42 35.60 NA NA

25.30 29.77 NA NA

19.62 23.86 NA NA

6.21 7.51 NA NA

11.36 14.77 NA NA

17.20 15.37 NA NA

9.82 17.33 NA NA

38.82 25.70 NA NA

46.67 24.32 NA NA

56.44 13.67 NA NA

60.08 28.28 NA NA

57.65 25.22 NA NA

176

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Magnoliaceae Magnolia bintulensis Medang limo (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 14 2 19 8 42 29 / 71

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

11 Irregular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

177

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Sep

Aug

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 21.73 21.38 NA NA

Feb 11.61 22.86 NA NA

Mar 11.61 22.86 NA NA

Apr 6.25 6.85 NA NA

May 4.17 10.21 NA NA

Jun 6.25 15.31 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 5.00 6.85 NA NA

Sep 10.42 16.61 NA NA

Oct 15.18 17.12 NA NA

Nov 12.50 20.92 NA NA

Dec 11.01 17.29 NA NA

178

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Magnoliaceae Magnolia sp. Kayu hanye bajai (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

NA NA

NA Never fruited

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

179

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Melastomataceae Memecylon sp. 1 Jambu-jambu (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 3 <1 4 3 74 33 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

9 Regular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

180

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 11.11 17.21 NA NA

Feb 5.56 13.61 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 11.11 27.22 NA NA

Jun 33.33 42.16 NA NA

Jul 26.67 43.46 NA NA

Aug 26.67 14.91 NA NA

Sep 22.22 17.21 NA NA

Oct 11.11 17.21 NA NA

Nov 16.67 18.26 NA NA

Dec 16.67 18.26 NA NA

181

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Melastomataceae Memecylon sp. 3 Tabati himba (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 1 <1 1 1 100 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

15 Irregular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

182

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Apr 16.67 40.82 NA NA

May 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Jun 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

183

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Melastomataceae Pternandra cf. coerulescens / galeata Kemuning yang bergaris tiga (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 2 <1 3 2 67 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

10 Irregular

NA NA

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

184

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Oct 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

185

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Meliaceae Aglaia rubiginosa Kajalaki (SA), kajalaki bawi (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 7 5 18 9 50 44 / 78

Tuanan 6 2 12 1 8 0 / 100

23 Year-round

24 Irregular

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

186

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 31.48 8.36 0 0

Feb 22.22 9.94 0 0

Mar 11.11 7.03 0 0

Apr 3.70 5.74 16.67 40.82

May 3.70 5.74 0 0

Jun 24.07 19.14 0 0

Jul 28.89 18.59 0 0

Aug 35.56 19.88 0 0

Sep 33.33 22.22 0 0

Oct 33.33 18.59 0 0

Nov 31.48 17.80 0 0

Dec 33.33 17.21 0 0

187

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Meliaceae Sandoricum beccanarium / borneense Papong (SA), papung (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 22 <1 53 7 13 14 / 71

Tuanan 6 <1 11 3 27 0 / 67

10 Irregular

11 Irregular

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

188

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 0 0

Feb 7.14 11.95 11.11 27.22

Mar 14.29 23.90 11.11 27.22

Apr 22.22 25.50 0 0

May 14.29 22.13 11.11 27.22

Jun 9.52 23.33 16.67 27.89

Jul 2.86 6.39 6.67 14.91

Aug 2.86 6.39 0 0

Sep 10.32 16.05 0 0

Oct 2.38 5.83 0 0

Nov 0 0 0 0

Dec 0 0 0 0

189

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Moraceae Parartocarpus venenosus Lilin-lilin (SA), pakan (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 6 2 33 50 / 100

Tuanan 3 1 5 3 60 0 / 100

33 Regular

16 Regular

100 90 80 70 60

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

190

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

60.00 41.83 38.89 32.77

30.00 44.72 22.22 27.22

30.00 44.72 22.22 27.22

30.00 44.72 11.11 17.21

0 0 5.56 13.61

0 0 0 0

12.50 25.00 6.67 14.91

12.50 25.00 6.67 14.91

16.67 28.87 16.67 18.26

37.50 25.00 27.78 38.97

62.50 47.87 27.78 38.97

37.50 47.87 27.78 38.97

191

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Myristicaceae Gymnacranthera farquhariania Mendarahan daun kecil (SA), kumpang daun hijau (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 10 <1 33 3 9 0 / 33

Tuanan 16 4 32 15 47 20 / 67

14 Irregular

10 Frequent

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

192

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 5.56 13.61 19.06 17.96

Feb 0 0 15.00 14.87

Mar 5.56 13.61 7.39 6.11

Apr 5.56 13.61 4.44 8.07

May 0 0 12.91 8.34

Jun 0 0 13.50 11.82

Jul 0 0 8.00 14.45

Aug 0 0 9.54 7.52

Sep 5.56 13.61 12.56 8.95

Oct 0 0 18.12 15.49

Nov 0 0 13.50 17.82

Dec 0 0 16.07 12.93

193

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Myristicaceae Horsfieldia crassifolia Mendarahan daun besar (SA), kumpang daun perak (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 73 11 123 55 45 7 / 62

Tuanan 13 2 25 10 40 20 / 70

9 Irregular

11 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

194

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 15.65 16.07 12.04 13.60

Feb 16.64 19.33 13.89 15.83

Mar 10.23 9.26 17.04 16.45

Apr 3.76 5.19 5.00 12.25

May 2.81 3.46 3.33 8.16

Jun 10.42 12.20 14.26 16.61

Jul 1.50 2.46 10.89 19.25

Aug 1.85 1.33 4.22 5.79

Sep 5.61 5.70 3.52 5.46

Oct 7.76 7.25 7.04 8.91

Nov 16.60 22.52 7.22 13.40

Dec 12.27 19.20 8.70 11.77

195

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Myristicaceae Knema intermedia Bahandang (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 6 <1 15 9 60 11 / 88

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

6 Irregular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

196

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 5.56 9.30 NA NA

Feb 3.70 9.07 NA NA

Mar 7.41 11.48 NA NA

Apr 1.85 4.54 NA NA

May 3.70 5.74 NA NA

Jun 3.70 9.07 NA NA

Jul 6.67 9.94 NA NA

Aug 6.67 9.94 NA NA

Sep 11.57 14.53 NA NA

Oct 11.11 18.59 NA NA

Nov 1.85 4.54 NA NA

Dec 3.70 5.74 NA NA

197

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Myristicaceae Myristica lowiana Mahadarah hitam (SA), maruang (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 4 <1 9 3 33 33 / 100

Tuanan 1 <1 2 0 0 NA

10 Irregular

NA Never fruited

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

198

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

16.67 18.26 NA NA

11.11 17.21 NA NA

11.11 17.21 NA NA

16.67 27.89 NA NA

22.22 27.22 NA NA

16.67 18.26 NA NA

6.67 14.91 NA NA

13.33 18.26 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

11.11 17.21 NA NA

5.56 13.61 NA NA

27.78 38.97 NA NA

199

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Myrsinaceae cf. Rapanea borneensis Mertibu (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 4 1 25 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

29 Irregular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

200

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

16.67 40.82 NA NA

16.67 40.82 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

33.33 51.64 NA NA

16.67 40.82 NA NA

201

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Myrtaceae Eugenia cf. spicata Kayu lalas (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 4 <1 10 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

202

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Myrtaceae Rhodamnia cinerea Kambasulan (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 2 1 4 2 50 0 / 100

NA NA

15 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

203

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 8.33 20.41

Feb NA NA 0 0

Mar NA NA 0 0

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 8.33 20.41

Jul NA NA 20.00 44.72

Aug NA NA 20.00 44.72

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 8.33 20.41

Nov NA NA 8.33 20.41

Dec NA NA 8.33 20.41

204

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Myrtaceae Syzygium cf. garcinifolia Jambu burung (SA), tatumbu kasar (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 17 7 34 22 65 45 / 82

Tuanan 6 3 11 8 73 0 / 88

11 Frequent

11 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

205

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 6.10 6.94 6.25 10.46

Feb 0.76 1.86 0 0

Mar 1.59 2.47 2.08 5.10

Apr 3.25 5.60 0 0

May 8.62 7.39 2.08 5.10

Jun 24.14 12.63 2.08 5.10

Jul 34.34 21.54 2.50 5.59

Aug 28.52 17.61 7.50 16.77

Sep 24.53 15.34 12.50 25.00

Oct 28.59 12.65 16.67 35.06

Nov 28.58 20.09 22.92 27.86

Dec 12.86 11.18 22.92 27.86

206

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Myrtaceae Syzygium havilandii Tatumbu (SA), tatumbu putih (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 19 <1 52 19 37 32 / 68

Tuanan 13 2 25 17 68 12 / 65

8 Regular

10 Frequent

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

207

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

0.88 2.15 15.76 15.74

0 0 5.53 8.30

0 0 8.89 13.45

0.88 2.15 6.72 11.08

4.39 7.00 6.72 11.08

18.16 19.34 9.80 10.95

21.26 19.22 4.71 10.52

11.95 18.51 12.27 9.37

15.22 24.35 10.43 9.63

13.57 14.34 17.72 14.03

7.33 10.43 25.21 21.29

1.86 2.88 22.27 19.46

208

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Myrtaceae Syzygium sp. 5 cf. Eugenia spicata Kayu lalas daun kecil / galam tikus (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 10 2 19 7 37 0 / 67

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

11 Regular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

209

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 2.38 5.83 NA NA

Feb 5.16 8.03 NA NA

Mar 7.54 12.27 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 16.27 14.94 NA NA

Jun 16.27 14.94 NA NA

Jul 20.38 14.96 NA NA

Aug 3.33 7.45 NA NA

Sep 8.33 13.94 NA NA

Oct 8.33 9.13 NA NA

Nov 2.78 6.80 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

Myrtaceae Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Jambu / milas spp., kemuning putih (SA), Tatumbu, galam tikus, enyak beruk, tapuhut (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled

Sabangau 47 7 120

Tuanan 54 7 107

210

Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

27 23 16 / 59

61 57 13 / 53

7 Frequent

10 Regular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

211

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

M onth Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 6.34 4.66 2.28 2.08

Feb 7.64 10.34 5.65 6.78

Mar 1.26 1.95 4.39 6.83

Apr 3.09 5.93 8.77 7.06

May 9.55 5.19 9.60 4.88

Jun 7.01 5.11 15.62 10.92

Jul 10.42 5.34 5.37 7.57

Aug 6.75 4.82 3.29 6.45

Sep 8.27 8.16 1.11 1.72

Oct 12.99 6.66 1.38 2.63

Nov 15.00 7.44 1.95 1.64

Dec 11.07 7.45 3.68 3.33

212

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Myrtaceae Tristaniopsis spp. Blawan spp. (SA), balawan spp. (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 10 1 31 7 23 0 / 57

Tuanan 16 4 31 8 26 0 / 63

12 Irregular

11 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

213

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

4.76 11.66 4.17 6.45

13.10 21.39 13.75 16.11

10.32 16.05 4.17 10.21

5.56 13.61 0 0

8.89 9.81 2.08 5.10

8.49 9.48 10.42 12.29

6.19 8.52 12.50 17.68

3.33 7.45 7.50 11.18

0 0 0 0

0 0 0 0

3.33 8.16 0 0

3.33 8.16 0 0

214

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Oxalidaceae Sarcotheca spp. No local name Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 2 <1 4 1 25 0 / 100

NA NA

22 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

215

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA

Feb NA NA

16.67 40.82

16.67 40.82

Mar NA NA 0 0

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 0 0

Nov NA NA 16.67 40.82

Dec NA NA 0 0

216

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Pittosporaceae Pittosporum sp. 1 Prupuk tulang (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 7 1 10 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

217

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Rhizophoraceae Carallia sp. 1 Papar buwu (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 1 <1 2 2 100 0 / 100

NA NA

10 Regular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

218

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA

Feb NA NA

8.33 20.41

25.00 41.83

Mar NA NA 0 0

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA

Jun NA NA

8.33 20.41

16.67 25.82

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA

Nov NA NA

Dec NA NA

33.33 25.82

25.00 27.39

16.67 25.82

219

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Rhizophoraceae Carallia sp. 2 No local name Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

NA NA

NA Never fruited

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Mean SA SD SA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

Mean TU SD TU

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

220

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Rhizophoraceae Gynotroches sp. 1 Kelumun sp. (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 4 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Mean SA SD SA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

Mean TU SD TU

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

221

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Rubiaceae Canthium dydimum Kopi-kopi (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 2 2 100 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

8 Irregular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

222

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

8.33 20.41 NA NA

8.33 20.41 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

8.33 20.41 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

223

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Rubiaceae Gardenia tubifera Saluang belum (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

224

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Rubiaceae Mussaendopsis beccarianum No local name (SA), kayu lalas (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 70 28 139 53 38 0 / 94

NA NA

11 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

225

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 12.82 31.40

Feb NA NA 0.64 1.57

Mar NA NA 0 0

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0.33 0.80

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 0.96 1.61

Nov NA NA 1.28 3.14

Dec NA NA 14.11 33.61

226

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Rutaceae Acronychia pedunculata Rambangon (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 53 3 105 58 55 2 / 50

NA NA

10 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

227

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA

Feb NA NA

Mar NA NA

Apr NA NA

May NA NA

Jun NA NA

Jul NA NA

Aug NA NA

Sep NA NA

Oct NA NA

Nov NA NA

Dec NA NA

2.14 1.38

1.35 1.08

0.94 1.59

2.48 2.87

2.52 2.88

3.61 6.40

2.57 2.52

1.73 2.99

3.09 2.55

11.41 10.58

5.96 7.05

3.94 3.73

228

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Rutaceae Tetractomia tetrandra Rambangun (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 12 <1 42 9 21 33 / 67

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

6 Regular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

229

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 16.67 19.56 NA NA

Feb 16.67 15.32 NA NA

Mar 14.81 16.73 NA NA

Apr 5.56 6.09 NA NA

May 11.11 12.17 NA NA

Jun 18.52 11.48 NA NA

Jul 6.67 9.94 NA NA

Aug 15.56 16.85 NA NA

Sep 12.96 12.99 NA NA

Oct 12.96 16.36 NA NA

Nov 16.67 18.26 NA NA

Dec 18.52 20.69 NA NA

230

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sapindaceae cf. Cubilia cubili Kahasuhuy (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

231

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sapindaceae Nephellium lappaceum Rambutan hutan (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 1 <1 12 2 17 0 / 50

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

7 Irregular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

232

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

30.00 44.72 NA NA

10.00 22.36 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

0 0 NA NA

233

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sapindaceae Nephellium maingayi Kelumun buhis (SA), piais (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 2 <1 7 0 0 NA

Tuanan 10 <1 19 4 21 0 / 50

NA Never fruited

10 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

234

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 0 0

Feb NA NA 0 0

Mar NA NA 0 0

Apr NA NA 12.50 20.92

May NA NA 8.33 20.41

Jun NA NA 4.17 10.21

Jul NA NA 5.00 11.18

Aug NA NA 5.00 11.18

Sep NA NA 4.17 10.21

Oct NA NA 0 0

Nov NA NA 4.17 10.21

Dec NA NA 0 0

235

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sapindaceae Nephellium sp. 1 Kaaja (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

236

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sapindaceae Pornetia pinnata Takasai (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 1 <1 2 0 0 NA

NA NA

NA Never fruited

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

237

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sapindaceae Xerospermum laevigatum / noronhianum Kelumun bakei (SA), damon (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 1 <1 9 1 11 0 / 100

Tuanan 1 0 2 1 50 0 / 100

7 Irregular

12 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

238

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 0 0 16.67 40.82

Feb 0 0 33.33 51.64

Mar 0 0 33.33 51.64

Apr 16.67 40.82 16.67 40.82

May 0 0 16.67 40.82

Jun 0 0 16.67 40.82

Jul 0 0 0 0

Aug 0 0 0 0

Sep 0 0 0 0

Oct 0 0 0 0

Nov 0 0 0 0

Dec 0 0 16.67 40.82

Sapotaceae Isonandra lanceolata Nyatoh palanduk daun kecil (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled

Sabangau 4 <1 4

Tuanan 0 0 0

239

Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

1 25 0 / 100

NA NA NA

13 Irregular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Sep-05

Jun-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

240

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

M onth Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 0 0 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 16.67 40.82 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

Sapotaceae Isonandra sp. 1 Nyatoh palanduk daun besar (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems

Sabangau <1 <1 4 4 100 0 / 100

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

241

bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

25 Regular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

242

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 15.28 17.01 NA NA

Feb 15.28 17.01 NA NA

Mar 4.17 10.21 NA NA

Apr 4.17 10.21 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 15.28 17.01 NA NA

Jul 18.33 17.08 NA NA

Aug 16.67 15.59 NA NA

Sep 26.39 31.81 NA NA

Oct 13.89 22.15 NA NA

Nov 19.44 22.15 NA NA

Dec 9.72 15.29 NA NA

243

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sapotaceae Madhuca mottleyana Katiau (SA/TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 9 2 18 8 44 38 / 88

Tuanan 4 3 8 5 63 0 / 80

20 Frequent

11 Regular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

244

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

39.58 18.40 10.83 12.01

33.33 30.28 25.00 23.24

27.08 28.96 24.17 23.33

25.00 26.22 10.00 24.49

6.25 15.31 10.00 16.73

0 0 6.67 10.33

5.71 12.78 4.00 8.94

7.50 16.77 4.00 8.94

16.96 15.06 4.17 10.21

31.25 27.10 15.00 23.45

27.08 14.61 10.83 12.01

41.67 24.58 14.17 16.86

245

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sapotaceae Palaquium coclearifolium Nyatoh gagas (SA), nyatoh undus daun besar (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 6 <1 18 8 44 25 / 100

Tuanan 7 2 13 5 38 0 / 50

10 Irregular

17 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

246

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

10.42 20.03 6.67 10.33

10.42 20.03 3.33 8.16

4.17 6.45 3.33 8.16

2.08 5.10 0 0

0 0 0 0

6.25 6.85 0 0

0 0 0 0

10.00 22.36 0 0

16.67 20.41 0 0

18.75 22.01 13.33 16.33

22.92 22.94 13.33 16.33

6.25 10.46 10.00 10.95

247

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sapotaceae Palaquium leiocarpum Hangkang (SA/TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 127 32 293 101 34 51 / 87

Tuanan 15 10 30 24 80 48 / 92

6 / 20* Frequent

10 Frequent

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

248

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

32.19 24.56 53.99 18.10

24.63 25.99 38.71 22.93

22.97 24.83 27.91 28.59

20.16 21.11 26.08 25.51

18.16 21.26 27.20 27.85

24.76 19.25 24.67 25.36

22.16 11.67 16.81 24.12

30.90 10.58 15.25 13.40

31.33 13.66 18.30 12.36

28.92 16.56 36.44 21.57

32.36 19.52 45.05 9.21

32.83 24.71 50.39 16.67

Sapotaceae Palaquium pseudorostratum Nyatoh babi (SA), nyatoh puntik (TU)

* Minimum DBH producing fruit 6 cm, but of 1,880 observations of fruiting in this species, 1,835 (98%) were in trees over 20 cm DBH

Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled

Sabangau 17 2 31

Tuanan 34 11 67

249

Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

7 23 43 / 100

42 63 59 / 82

10 Frequent

10 Frequent

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

250

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 37.80 28.40 43.95 14.03

Feb 20.83 19.49 25.98 12.78

Mar 0 0 12.38 15.47

Apr 2.38 5.83 16.25 24.05

May 0 0 15.03 24.02

Jun 17.06 27.70 10.17 16.23

Jul 11.07 11.87 7.32 9.46

Aug 13.57 13.46 9.49 11.90

Sep 14.29 22.13 17.60 11.20

Oct 26.98 23.07 37.76 11.00

Nov 26.59 24.39 39.42 11.36

Dec 34.52 32.71 49.26 10.76

251

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sapotaceae Palaquium ridleyii / cf. xanthochymum Nyatoh burung (SA), nyatoh undus buah merah (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 14 5 7 3 43 25 / 67

Tuanan 11 3 21 7 33 13 / 43

15 Regular

13 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

252

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan 8.84 7.81 7.94 8.74

Feb 12.75 15.51 5.16 8.03

Mar 13.83 10.43 4.76 7.38

Apr 11.87 10.86 0 0

May 6.63 7.82 2.78 6.80

Jun 0 0 0 0

Jul 0 0 2.86 6.39

Aug 3.64 8.13 0 0

Sep 3.03 7.42 2.78 6.80

Oct 3.03 4.69 5.56 8.61

Nov 8.02 7.12 5.56 8.61

Dec 8.02 7.12 10.71 13.45

Sapotaceae Payena leerii Nyatoh undus daun ujung (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled

Sabangau 0 0 0

Tuanan 11 2 21

253

Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

NA NA NA

13 62 0 / 75

NA NA

10 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

254

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA

Feb NA NA

Mar NA NA

Apr NA NA

May NA NA

Jun NA NA

Jul NA NA

Aug NA NA

Sep NA NA

Oct NA NA

Nov NA NA

Dec NA NA

2.78 6.80

5.56 13.61

2.78 6.80

8.23 9.13

6.84 6.25

6.73 9.71

3.21 4.39

1.54 3.44

2.56 6.28

10.58 16.93

13.35 20.71

4.17 10.21

255

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sapotaceae Pouteria cf. malaccensis Lewang (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 3 <1 5 2 40 0 / 100

NA NA

10 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

256

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 0 0

Feb NA NA 8.33 20.41

Mar NA NA 8.33 20.41

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 0 0

Nov NA NA 16.67 25.82

Dec NA NA 0 0

257

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Simaroubaceae Quassia borneensis Kayu takang (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

258

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sterculiaceae Sterculia rhoidifolia Loting (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 2 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

259

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sterculiaceae Sterculia sp. Pendo (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan <1 <1 1 1 100 0 / 100

NA NA

16 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

260

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA 0 0

Feb NA NA 0 0

Mar NA NA 0 0

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 16.67 40.82

Oct NA NA 16.67 40.82

Nov NA NA 0 0

Dec NA NA 0 0

261

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Sterculiaceae Sterculia sp. 1 Galaga (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 1 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA

Jan NA NA

Feb NA NA

Mar NA NA

Apr NA NA

May NA NA

Jun NA NA

Jul NA NA

Aug NA NA

Sep NA NA

Oct NA NA

Nov NA NA

Dec NA NA

Mean TU SD TU

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

NA NA

262

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Tetrameristaceae Tetramerista glabra Ponak (SA), tantimun (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 3 1 25 8 32 33 / 75

Tuanan 2 <1 4 1 25 0 / 100

20 Frequent

17 Regular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

263

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 17.36 12.75 0 0

Feb 15.28 14.59 0 0

Mar 14.58 18.40 16.67 40.82

Apr 15.28 14.59 0 0

May 18.75 17.23 0 0

Jun 27.78 15.96 0 0

Jul 35.83 12.00 0 0

Aug 15.83 13.63 0 0

Sep 20.83 13.94 0 0

Oct 21.53 18.52 0 0

Nov 26.39 16.17 0 0

Dec 23.61 16.17 0 0

264

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Theaceae Ploiarium alternifolium Asam-asam (SA), kayu asem (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau <1 <1 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan 1 <1 2 1 50 0 / 100

NA NA

18 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Sep-08

Jun-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

265

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA

Feb NA NA

Mar NA NA

Apr NA NA

May NA NA

Jun NA NA

Jul NA NA

Aug NA NA

Sep NA NA

Oct NA NA

Nov NA NA

Dec NA NA

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

0 0

16.67 40.82

16.67 40.82

0 0

0 0

266

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Theaceae Ternstroemia hosei No local name Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 2 <1 5 2 40 0 / 50

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

8 Irregular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

267

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 10.00 22.36 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 8.33 20.41 NA NA

Dec 8.33 20.41 NA NA

268

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Theaceae Ternstroemia magnifica Tabunter (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 2 <1 9 0 0 NA

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA NA NA

NA Never fruited

NA NA

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site No data available Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site No data available Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan NA NA NA NA

Feb NA NA NA NA

Mar NA NA NA NA

Apr NA NA NA NA

May NA NA NA NA

Jun NA NA NA NA

Jul NA NA NA NA

Aug NA NA NA NA

Sep NA NA NA NA

Oct NA NA NA NA

Nov NA NA NA NA

Dec NA NA NA NA

269

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Thymelaeaeceae Gonystylus bancanus Ramin (SA/TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 6 1 37 2 5 0 / 100

Tuanan 9 1 17 1 6 0 / 100

31 Irregular

28 Irregular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

270

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 0 0 0 0

Feb 0 0 16.67 40.82

Mar 16.67 40.82 16.67 40.82

Apr 8.33 20.41 0 0

May 0 0 0 0

Jun 0 0 0 0

Jul 0 0 0 0

Aug 0 0 0 0

Sep 0 0 0 0

Oct 0 0 0 0

Nov 0 0 0 0

Dec 0 0 0 0

271

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Tiliaceae Micrococus sp. Rewui (TU) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

Sabangau 0 0 0 NA NA NA

Tuanan <1 <1 1 1 100 0 / 100

NA NA

21 Regular

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Tuanan

272

% fruiting stems with fruit

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site 100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Tuanan

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Family: Latin Name: Local name:

Jan NA NA 50.00 57.74

Feb NA NA 25.00 50.00

Mar NA NA 0 0

Apr NA NA 0 0

May NA NA 0 0

Jun NA NA 0 0

Jul NA NA 0 0

Aug NA NA 0 0

Sep NA NA 0 0

Oct NA NA 33.33 57.74

Nov NA NA 66.67 57.74

Dec NA NA 66.67 57.74

Tiliaceae Micrococus / Grewia sp. 1 Brania himba (SA) Variable Stem density > 10 cm DBH/ha Stem density > 20 cm DBH/ha Total number stems sampled Total number fruiting stems

Sabangau 1 <1 4 1

Tuanan 0 0 0 NA

273

Percentage of fruiting stems Minimum / maximum percentage fruiting stems bearing fruit/year Minimum DBH bearing fruit (cm) Fruiting regularity category

25 0 / 100

NA NA

10 Irregular

NA NA

Jun-09

Mar-09

Dec-08

Jun-08

Sep-08

Mar-08

Dec-07

Sep-07

Jun-07

Mar-07

Dec-06

Sep-06

Jun-06

Mar-06

Dec-05

Jun-05

Sep-05

Mar-05

Dec-04

Sep-04

Jun-04

Mar-04

Dec-03

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0

Sep-03

% fruiting stems with fruit

Fruit Availability During Each Month of the Study Period at Each Site

Month Sabangau

Mean Monthly Fruit Availability at Each Site

274

% fruiting stems with fruit

100 90 80 70 60 50 40 30 20 10 0 Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Month Sabangau

Statistics

Mean SA SD SA Mean TU SD TU

Jan 16.67 40.82 NA NA

Feb 0 0 NA NA

Mar 0 0 NA NA

Apr 0 0 NA NA

May 0 0 NA NA

Jun 0 0 NA NA

Jul 0 0 NA NA

Aug 0 0 NA NA

Sep 0 0 NA NA

Oct 0 0 NA NA

Nov 0 0 NA NA

Dec 0 0 NA NA

275

DISCUSSION In this report, we provide the first detailed species-by-species account of fruiting phenology in Bornean peat-swamp forest. This will serve as a useful reference for organisations engaging in forest restoration activities, such as KFCP, in addition to a number of other research areas. We refrain from detailed discussions of the phenology of each species, as sufficient information is contained in the species accounts, but we draw attention to a few important points. Firstly, four species/site combinations have been identified as either fruiting “year-round” (consistently producing fruit in at least nine months of the year) and 19 as “frequent” (consistently producing fruit in 4-8 months of the year) and 35 as “regular” (consistently producing fruit in 1-3 months of the year) fruit producers. “Irregular” fruiters do not have an identifiable month with consistent fruit production from year to year. Thus, collecting fruit from these species to supply nurseries with seeds is likely to be more difficult. Obtaining fruit from those species listed as “never fruited” is likely to be very difficult, but may not be impossible, as (i) fruiting phenology may differ between KFCP and others’ restoration sites, and the two sites included in this study, and (ii) many of the species listed as never fruiting have very low sample sizes and fruiting may well have been detected were it possible to sample a greater number of stems. Secondly, it is evident that there are differences in the fruiting phenology of some species between the two sites studied. A particularly striking example is Diospyros siamang, which bears fruit very consistently in Sabangau, where the likelihood of fruiting is high in all months of the year, but not in Tuanan, where the likelihood of fruiting is high in only one month of the year. Similar examples include Garcinia spp. (Sabangau: “regular” fruiter, high fruit production in 3 months of the year; Tuanan: “year-round” fruiter, high fruit production in all months) and Campnosperma coriaceum (Sabangau: “frequent” fruiter, high fruit production in 4 months; Tuanan: “year-round” fruiter, high fruit production in all months). The reason/s for this remain to be determined, but could be due to a number of potentially interacting variables, including differences in the ecology of the two forests (e.g., nutrient availability, rainfall patterns, hydrology) and/or random differences in the trees (and especially their size) included in the plots at the two sites, due to the inevitable limitations of plot size. Although some inter-site differences may be due to small sample sizes or inconsistencies in identification, C. coriaceum has a relatively large sample size of fruiting stems for both sites, and is easy to identify in the field, which therefore hints at a true inter-site difference in fruiting phenology for this species between Sabangau and Tuanan. Thirdly, it is also evident that some families typically bear fruit more regularly than do others. One example of this is Ebenaceae, which produces fruit relatively consistently (with 2/5 species classified as “year-round” fruiters in at least one site), compared to Dipterocarpaceae (with all 12 species classified as “irregular” fruiters or as “never fruited”). This irregularity of fruiting in Dipterocarpaceae is not surprising, considering the

276

documented role of this family in the SAMF events characterising the dryland forests of the region, and because nearly all large, mature stems of this family have been logged out of the two sites. Lastly, we reiterate the complications in interpretation resulting from differences in sample sizes between sites, particularly for those species with very low sample size at one site, and from differences in the number and proportion of fruiting stems. As discussed in the Methods, more confidence should be placed in the fruiting regularity results for those species with a large sample size, as there will be lower variability in estimates and fewer “missed� fruiting events. This is a likely cause behind some of the differences in fruiting classifications in our first two results tables; e.g., Aglaia rubiginosa was one of the most consistent fruit producers in Sabangau (consistently producing fruit in 9 months of the year), but produced fruit only rarely in Tuanan (consistently producing fruit in only 1 month of the year). This may be due to some real inter-site difference in the fruiting phenology of these species, but could also be a result of the higher number of fruiting stems (9 vs. 1) sampled in Sabangau compared to Tuanan. In summary, the data provided herein show the fruiting regularity and timing of fruiting peaks for Bornean peat-swamp forest tree species at two sites between 2003 and 2009. This information will assist in forest restoration activities in the region, in addition to improving our understanding of peat-swamp forest phenological patterns, dynamics and ecology, and identifying and interpreting differences in the above between peat-swamp forest and other (particularly masting) habitat types.

277

References Anderson, J. A. R. (1972). Trees of Peat Swamp Forests of Sarawak. Forest Department, Sarawak. Appanah, S. (1985). General flowering of the climax rain forests of South-East Asia. Journal of Tropical Ecology 1: 225-40. Appanah, S. (1993). Mass flowering of dipterocarp forests in the aseasonal tropics. Journal of Biosciences 18: 457-74. Ashton, P. S., T. J. Givnish and S. Appanah (1988). Staggered flowering in the Dipterocarpaceae: New insights into floral induction and the evolution of mast fruiting in the aseasonal tropics. American Naturalist 132: 44-66. Brearley, F. Q., J. Proctor, Suriantata, L. Nagy, G. Dalrymple and B. C. Voysey (2007). Reproductive phenology over a 10-year period in a lowland evergreen rain forest of central Borneo. Journal of Ecology 95: 828-839. Cannon, C. H., L. M. Curran, A. J. Marshall and M. Leighton (2007a). Long-term reproductive behaviour of woody plants across seven Bornean forest types in the Gunung Palung National Park (Indonesia): suprannual synchrony, temporal productivity and fruiting diversity. Ecology Letters 10: 956-969. Cannon, C. H., L. M. Curran, A. J. Marshall and M. Leighton (2007b). Beyond mast-fruiting events: Community asynchrony and individual dormancy dominate woody plant reproductive behavior across seven Bornean forest types. Current Science 93: 1558-1566. Curran, L. M. and M. Leighton (2000). Vertebrate responses to spatiotemporal variation in seed production of mast-fruiting Dipterocarpaceae. Ecological Monographs 70: 101128. Frederiksson, G., S. A. Wich and Trisno (2006). Frugivory in sun bears (Helarctos malayanus) is linked to El Ni単o-related fluctuations in fruiting phenology, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 89: 489-508. Harrison, M. E. and D. J. Chivers (2007). The orang-utan mating system and the unflanged male: A product of declining food availability during the late Miocene and Pliocene? Journal of Human Evolution 52: 275-293. Harrison, M. E., H. C. Morrogh-Bernard and D. J. Chivers (2010). Orangutan energy intake and the influence of fruit availability in the non-masting peat-swamp forest of Sabangau, Central Kalimantan. International Journal of Primatology. 31: 585-607. Husson, S., H. Morrogh-Bernard, L. D'Arcy, S. M. Cheyne, M. E. Harrison and M. Dragiewicz (2007). The importance of ecological monitoring for habitat management - A case study in the Sabangau forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: J. O. Rieley, C. J. Banks and B. Radjagukguk (Eds). Carbon-Climate-Human Interaction on Tropical Peatland. Proceedings of The International Symposium and Workshop on Tropical Peatland, Yogyakarta, 27-29 August 2007, EU CARBOPEAT and RESTORPEAT Partnership, Gadjah Mada University, Indonesia and University of Leicester, United Kingdom. www.geog.le.ac.uk/carbopeat/yogyaproc.html. Janzen, D. H. (1974). Tropical blackwater rivers, animals, and mast fruiting by the Dipterocarpaceae. Biotropica 6: 69-103. Knott, C. D. (1999). Reproductive, Physiological and Behavioural Responses of Orangutans in Borneo to Fluctuations in Food Availability. PhD thesis, Harvard University. Leighton, M. and D. R. Leighton (1983). Vertebrate responses to fruiting seasonality within a Bornean rainforest. In: S. L. Sutton, T. C. Whitmore and C. A. Chadwick (Eds). Tropical Rainforest: Ecology and Management. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford. pp. 181-196. Marshall, A. J. and M. Leighton (2006). How does food availability limit the population density of white-bearded gibbons? In: G. Hohmann, M. M. Robbins and C. Boesch (Eds). Feeding Ecology in Apes and Other Primates: Ecological, Physical and Behavioral Aspects. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge. pp. 311-333. Marshall, A. J., M. Ancrenaz, F. Q. Brearley, G. M. Fredriksson, N. Ghaffar, M. Heydon, S. J. Husson, M. Leighton, K. R. McConkey, H. C. Morrogh-Bernard, J. Proctor, C. P. van Schaik, C. P. Yeager and S. A. Wich (2009). The effects of forest phenology and floristics on populations of Bornean and Sumatran orangutans: are Sumatran forests better orangutan habitat than Bornean forests? In: S. A. Wich, S. S. Utami Atmoko, T. Mitra Setia and C. P. van Schaik (Eds). Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. 97-116.

278

McClure, H. E. (1966). Flowering, fruiting and animals in the canopy of a tropical rain forest. Malaysian Forester 29: 182-203. Medway, L. (1972). Phenology of a tropical rain forest in Malaya. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 4: 117-46. Morrogh-Bernard, H., S. Husson, S. E. Page and J. O. Rieley (2003). Population status of the Bornean orang-utan (Pongo pygmaeus) in the Sebangau peat swamp forest, Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biological Conservation 110: 141-52. Ostfeld, R. S. and F. Keesing (2000). Pulsed resources and community dynamics of consumers in terrestrial ecosystems. Trends in Ecology and Evolution 15: 232-237. Page, S. E., J. O. Rieley, Ø. W. Shotyk and D. Weiss (1999). Interdependence of peat and vegetation in a tropical peat swamp forest. Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London B 354: 1885-1807. Sakai, S., K. Momose, T. Yumoto, T. Nagamitsu, H. Nagamasu and A. A. Hamid (1999). Plant reproductive phenology over four years including an episode of general flowering in a lowland dipterocarp forest, Sarawak, Malaysia. American Journal of Botany 86: 1414-36. Sakai, S. (2002). General flowering in lowland mixed dipterocarp forests of South-east Asia. Biological Journal of the Linnean Society 75: 233-47. Shepherd, P. A., J. O. Rieley and S. E. Page (1997). The relationship between forest structure and peat characteristics in the upper catchment of the Sungai Sebangau, Central Kalimantan. In: J. O. Rieley and S. E. Page (Eds). Biodiversity and Sustainability of Tropical Peatlands. Samara Publishing, Cardigan, UK. pp. 191-210. Sulistiyanto, Y., J. O. Rieley and S. Limin (2004). Nutrient dynamics in different sub-types of ombrotrophic peat swamp forest in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. In: J. Päivänen (Eds). Wise Use of Peatlands (Vol I). Proceedings of the 12th International Peat Congress, Tampere, Finland, 6-11 June 2004. Saarijärven Offset Oy, Saarijärvi, Finland. pp. 752-759. van Schaik, C. P. (1996). Strangling figs: their role in the forest. In: C. P. van Schaik and J. Supriatna (Eds). Leuser: A Sumatran Sanctuary. Perdana Ciptamadri, Jakarta. pp. 111119. van Schaik, C. P. (1999). The socioecology of fission-fusion sociality in orangutans. Primates 40: 69-86. van Schaik, C. P., S. A. Wich, S. S. Utami and K. Odom (2005). A simple alternative to line transects of nests for estimating orangutan densities. Primates 46: 249-254. Wich, S. A., S. S. Utami Atmoko, T. Mitra Setia and C. P. van Schaik (2009). Introduction. In: S. A. Wich, S. S. Utami Atmoko, T. Mitra Setia and C. P. van Schaik (Eds). Orangutans: Geographic Variation in Behavioral Ecology and Conservation. Oxford University Press, Oxford. pp. xix-xxviii.

279

APPENDICES APPENDIX I - Statistics Showing Likelihood of Fruiting by Species With High Likelihood of Fruiting in Each Month Please note that this table merely lists the likelihood that a species will fruit in a particular month and is restricted to those species with a likelihood of fruiting ≥ 1% (see methods). Species are listed for each month in order of decreasing likelihood of fruiting in that month (i.e., with most likely first). Note that we do not guarantee that these species will definitely bear fruit at this time, especially in areas outside of our two study sites. * = The only stem in the plot died or was added mid-way through study period (see Species Accounts for details). Categorisations may therefore be less reliable for these species. Green shading indicates species with a high likelihood of ≥ 10% of fruiting stems bearing fruit in a month. Boldface indicates species for which there is a high likelihood of fruiting in both Sabangau and Tuanan in that month.

18.40 18.10 37.42 14.03 8.23

Mean - 1SD 42.02 35.89 32.58 29.92 27.50

High likelihood ≥ 10% fruiting? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

8.36 18.40 41.83 35.60 7.75 17.44

23.12 21.18 18.17 16.82 15.68 11.53

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Month

Family

Latin name

Site

Mean

SD

January

Ebenaceae Sapotaceae Annonaceae Sapotaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Meliaceae Sapotaceae Moraceae Linaceae Ebenaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae

Diospyros siamang Palaquium leiocarpum Polyalthia hypoleuca Palaquium pseudorostratum Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Aglaia rubiginosa Madhuca mottleyana Parartocarpus venenosus * Ctenolophon parvifolius Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1)

Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan

60.42 53.99 70.00 43.95 35.72

Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau

31.48 39.58 60.00 52.42 23.43 28.97

280

Month

February

28.40 5.16 24.56 25.82 32.77 22.24 20.20 12.75 10.33 25.51 4.66

Mean - 1SD 9.40 8.17 7.63 7.51 6.12 5.11 5.08 4.61 3.01 1.90 1.68

High likelihood ≼ 10% fruiting? No No No No No No No No No No No

16.67 21.84 11.90 10.49 19.06 8.84

15.06 20.33 10.75 9.37 17.96 7.81

1.61 1.51 1.15 1.11 1.10 1.03

No No No No No No

Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan

56.25 62.50 32.42

18.96 34.02 13.54

37.29 28.48 18.87

Yes Yes Yes

Tuanan Tuanan

38.71 25.98

22.93 12.78

15.79 13.20

Yes Yes

Family

Latin name

Site

Mean

SD

Sapotaceae Icacinaceae Sapotaceae Burseraceae Moraceae Apocynaceae Anacardiaceae Tetrameristaceae Annonaceae Lauraceae Myrtaceae

Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau

37.80 13.33 32.19 33.33 38.89 27.35 25.27 17.36 13.33 27.41 6.34

Lauraceae Euphorbiaceae Apocynaceae Ebenaceae Myristicaceae Sapotaceae

Palaquium pseudorostratum Stemonurus cf. scorpiodes Palaquium leiocarpum Santiria spp. Parartocarpus venenosus Dyera lowii Campnosperma coriaceum Tetramerista glabra Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Alseodaphne sp. 2 Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Litsea cf. rufo-fusca Neoscortechinia kingii Dyera lowii Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Gymnacranthera farquhariania Palaquium ridleyii / cf. xanthochymum

Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau

Ebenaceae Annonaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae

Diospyros siamang Polyalthia hypoleuca Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Palaquium leiocarpum Palaquium pseudorostratum

281

Month

March

9.94 45.53

Mean - 1SD 12.28 4.47

High likelihood ≼ 10% fruiting? Yes No

34.36

30.19

4.17

No

Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan

11.65 33.33 25.47 11.94 25.00 16.67 20.83 15.50

8.01 30.28 22.91 9.74 23.24 15.32 19.49 14.28

3.63 3.06 2.56 2.20 1.76 1.35 1.35 1.21

No No No No No No No No

Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan

64.58 45.21 11.83 46.67 23.25

25.52 24.67 6.42 41.31 18.83

39.07 20.54 5.41 5.35 4.42

Yes Yes No No No

Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau

11.11 13.83 17.76 31.67

7.03 10.43 15.34 29.60

4.08 3.40 2.41 2.07

No No No No

Family

Latin name

Site

Mean

SD

Meliaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Euphorbiaceae Sapotaceae Apocynaceae Fagaceae Sapotaceae Rutaceae Sapotaceae Ebenaceae

Aglaia rubiginosa Calophyllum sclerophyllum (SA)

Sabangau Sabangau

22.22 50.00

Calophyllum hosei

Sabangau

Blumeodendron elateriospermum / tokbrai Madhuca mottleyana Dyera lowii Lithocarpus spp. Madhuca mottleyana Tetractomia tetrandra Palaquium pseudorostratum Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica

Ebenaceae Anisophyllaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Meliaceae Sapotaceae Annonaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae

Diospyros siamang Combretocarpus rotundatus Campnosperma coriaceum Polyalthia hypoleuca Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Aglaia rubiginosa Palaquium ridleyii / cf. xanthochymum Xylopia fusca Calophyllum hosei

282

Month

April

High likelihood ≼ 10% fruiting? No

66.67

51.64

15.03

Yes

Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan

47.92 36.32 8.77

33.93 22.55 7.06

13.99 13.77 1.71

Yes Yes No

Tuanan Tuanan

38.89 9.95

37.52 8.90

1.37 1.05

No No

Sabangau

11.87

10.86

1.01

No

Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan

70.83 34.78 16.67 9.60

20.41 27.36 10.33 4.88

50.42 7.42 6.34 4.73

Yes No No No

Tuanan Sabangau

12.91 9.55

8.34 5.19

4.56 4.36

No No

Sabangau Tuanan

7.12 9.19

4.82 7.39

2.29 1.80

No No

Sabangau Sabangau

18.75 16.27

17.23 14.94

1.52 1.33

No No

Latin name

Site

Myristicaceae

Gymnacranthera farquhariania

Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Ebenaceae Anisophyllaceae Myrtaceae Fagaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Sapotaceae

May

6.11

Mean - 1SD 1.28

Family

Ebenaceae Anisophyllaceae Annonaceae Myrtaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae Anacardiaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Tetrameristaceae Myrtaceae

Mean

SD

Tuanan

7.39

Gardenia leiocarpum

Tuanan

Diospyros siamang Combretocarpus rotundatus Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Lithocarpus spp. Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Palaquium ridleyii / cf. xanthochymum Diospyros siamang Combretocarpus rotundatus Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Gymnacranthera farquhariania Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Campnosperma coriaceum Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Tetramerista glabra Syzygium sp. 5 cf. Eugenia spicata

283

Month

June

7.39

Mean - 1SD 1.23

High likelihood ≼ 10% fruiting? No

62.50 66.67

33.54 51.64

28.96 15.03

Yes Yes

Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan

27.78 24.14 18.52 21.67 24.76 24.07 15.62

15.96 12.63 11.48 16.02 19.25 19.14 10.92

11.82 11.51 7.04 5.65 5.51 4.94 4.70

Yes Yes No No No No No

Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan

11.67 30.32 26.11 9.83

7.53 26.48 22.42 7.32

4.14 3.84 3.69 2.51

No No No No

Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau

16.15 32.79 7.01

13.88 30.88 5.11

2.27 1.91 1.90

No No No

Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau

17.20 13.50 16.27

15.37 11.82 14.94

1.83 1.69 1.33

No No No

Family

Latin name

Site

Myrtaceae

Syzygium cf. garcinifolia

Ebenaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Tetrameristaceae Myrtaceae Rutaceae Annonaceae Sapotaceae Meliaceae Myrtaceae Annonaceae Ebenaceae Annonaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Euphorbiaceae Anisophyllaceae Myrtaceae Linaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae

Mean

SD

Sabangau

8.62

Diospyros siamang Gardenia leiocarpum

Sabangau Tuanan

Tetramerista glabra Syzygium cf. garcinifolia Tetractomia tetrandra Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Palaquium leiocarpum Aglaia rubiginosa Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Mezzetia umbellata Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Xylopia fusca Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Blumeodendron elateriospermum / tokbrai Combretocarpus rotundatus Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Ctenolophon parvifolius Gymnacranthera farquhariania Syzygium sp. 5 cf. Eugenia spicata

284

Month

July

17.81

Mean - 1SD 1.22

High likelihood ≼ 10% fruiting? No

67.50 35.83 34.34 32.44 22.16 28.89 20.22 21.40 17.50 20.38 60.00

33.77 12.00 21.54 20.28 11.67 18.59 12.73 15.84 12.02 14.96 54.77

33.73 23.83 12.80 12.16 10.49 10.30 7.49 5.56 5.48 5.42 5.23

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No

Sabangau

10.42

5.34

5.07

No

Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan

41.54 21.26 34.72 28.67 8.71

38.31 19.22 32.78 27.04 7.12

3.23 2.04 1.94 1.63 1.60

No No No No No

Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau

22.00 11.76 18.33

20.49 10.28 17.08

1.51 1.48 1.26

No No No

Family

Latin name

Site

Mean

SD

Ebenaceae

Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica

Sabangau

19.03

Ebenaceae Tetrameristaceae Myrtaceae Euphorbiaceae Sapotaceae Meliaceae Euphorbiaceae Annonaceae Ebenaceae Myrtaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Myrtaceae

Diospyros siamang Tetramerista glabra Syzygium cf. garcinifolia Baccaurea bracteata Palaquium leiocarpum Aglaia rubiginosa Blumeodendron elateriospermum / tokbrai Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Syzygium sp. 5 cf. Eugenia spicata Gardenia leiocarpum

Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan

Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Xylopia fusca Syzygium havilandii Combretocarpus rotundatus Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Campnosperma coriaceum Isonandra sp. 1

Annonaceae Myrtaceae Anisophyllaceae Ebenaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Annonaceae Anacardiaceae Sapotaceae

285

Month

Family

Latin name

Site

Mean

SD

Mean - 1SD

High likelihood ≼ 10% fruiting?

August

Euphorbiaceae Ebenaceae Sapotaceae Annonaceae Meliaceae Euphorbiaceae Linaceae Melastomataceae Annonaceae Myrtaceae Euphorbiaceae Ebenaceae Annonaceae Ebenaceae Myrtaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Tetrameristaceae Myristicaceae Myrtaceae

Baccaurea bracteata * Diospyros siamang Palaquium leiocarpum Xylopia fusca Aglaia rubiginosa Baccaurea bracteata Ctenolophon parvifolius Memecylon sp. 1 Xylopia fusca Syzygium cf. garcinifolia Blumeodendron elateriospermum / tokbrai Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Syzygium havilandii Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Tetramerista glabra Gymnacranthera farquhariania Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Palaquium leiocarpum Isonandra sp. 1

Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan

75.00 55.00 30.90 42.65 35.56 30.00 38.82 26.67 40.00 28.52 19.81 18.75 18.97 23.81 12.27 11.95

50.00 31.37 10.58 25.16 19.88 14.78 25.70 14.91 28.47 17.61 10.30 11.69 12.65 20.48 9.37 9.61

25.00 23.63 20.31 17.49 15.68 15.22 13.12 11.76 11.53 10.91 9.51 7.06 6.32 3.33 2.90 2.34

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No

Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau

15.83 9.54 6.75

13.63 7.52 4.82

2.20 2.01 1.93

No No No

Tuanan Sabangau

15.25 16.67

13.40 15.59

1.86 1.08

No No

Sapotaceae Sapotaceae

286

0.00 18.07 24.32 13.66 22.22 5.34 15.34 26.22 15.65 13.94 10.43 11.20 12.36 10.82

Mean - 1SD 100.00 30.26 22.34 17.67 11.11 10.59 9.19 8.78 8.12 6.89 6.65 6.40 5.94 5.83

High likelihood ≼ 10% fruiting? Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No No No No

17.21 37.64 8.95 28.80 15.77 15.06

5.01 4.03 3.61 3.15 2.48 1.91

No No No No No No

100.00 42.77 37.30

Yes Yes Yes

Month

Family

Latin name

Site

Mean

SD

September

Euphorbiaceae Annonaceae Linaceae Sapotaceae Meliaceae Euphorbiaceae Myrtaceae Ebenaceae Annonaceae Tetrameristaceae Ebenaceae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Melastomataceae Burseraceae Myristicaceae Annonaceae Ebenaceae Sapotaceae

Baccaurea bracteata * Xylopia fusca Ctenolophon parvifolius Palaquium leiocarpum Aglaia rubiginosa Baccaurea bracteata Syzygium cf. garcinifolia Diospyros siamang Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Tetramerista glabra Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Palaquium pseudorostratum Palaquium leiocarpum Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Memecylon sp. 1 Santiria spp. Gymnacranthera farquhariania Polyalthia hypoleuca Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Madhuca mottleyana

Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan

100.00 48.34 46.67 31.33 33.33 15.93 24.53 35.00 23.77 20.83 17.08 17.60 18.30 16.65

Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau

22.22 41.67 12.56 31.94 18.25 16.96

Euphorbiaceae Linaceae Annonaceae

Baccaurea bracteata * Ctenolophon parvifolius Polyalthia hypoleuca

Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau

100.00 0.00 56.44 13.67 59.72 22.42

October

287

Month

11.00 22.33 9.33

Mean - 1SD 26.76 22.29 21.58

High likelihood ≼ 10% fruiting? Yes Yes Yes

43.75 28.59 36.44 33.33 60.00 28.99 21.47 37.50 28.92 23.03 18.39 33.33 12.99

25.92 12.65 21.57 18.59 45.61 15.23 8.07 25.00 16.56 14.62 10.23 25.82 6.66

17.83 15.94 14.87 14.74 14.39 13.75 13.40 12.50 12.37 8.42 8.16 7.51 6.34

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No

31.01 31.25 26.98 9.51 17.72 17.41 21.53

25.04 27.10 23.07 5.72 14.03 13.93 18.52

5.97 4.15 3.92 3.79 3.69 3.48 3.00

No No No No No No No

Family

Latin name

Site

Mean

SD

Sapotaceae Annonaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Ebenaceae Myrtaceae Sapotaceae Meliaceae Annonaceae Ebenaceae Hypericaceae Moraceae Sapotaceae Annonaceae Ebenaceae Rhizophoraceae Myrtaceae

Palaquium pseudorostratum Xylopia fusca Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Diospyros siamang Syzygium cf. garcinifolia Palaquium leiocarpum Aglaia rubiginosa Polyalthia hypoleuca Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Cratoxylon arborescens Parartocarpus venenosus * Palaquium leiocarpum Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Carallia sp.1 Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Combretocarpus rotundatus Madhuca mottleyana Palaquium pseudorostratum Dyera lowii Syzygium havilandii Baccaurea bracteata Tetramerista glabra

Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan

37.76 44.61 30.91

Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau

Anisophyllaceae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Apocynaceae Myrtaceae Euphorbiaceae Tetrameristaceae

288

Month

November

15.49 8.68 17.89

Mean - 1SD 2.63 2.19 2.11

High likelihood ≼ 10% fruiting? No No No

100.00 45.05 60.08 39.42 63.33 35.81

0.00 9.21 28.28 11.36 38.82 11.85

100.00 35.84 31.79 28.06 24.52 23.96

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

58.33 56.25 31.45 62.50 45.56 31.48 32.36 27.08 26.39 66.67 28.58 21.67 18.46 17.86

37.64 36.01 14.94 47.87 31.10 17.80 19.52 14.61 16.17 57.74 20.09 13.29 10.45 10.21

20.69 20.24 16.52 14.63 14.45 13.68 12.84 12.47 10.22 8.93 8.50 8.38 8.01 7.65

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes No No No No No

Family

Latin name

Site

Mean

SD

Myristicaceae Lauraceae Lauraceae

Gymnacranthera farquhariania Litsea cf. resinosa Litsea cf. rufo-fusca

Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau

18.12 10.87 20.00

Euphorbiaceae Sapotaceae Linaceae Sapotaceae Annonaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Burseraceae Ebenaceae Ebenaceae Moraceae Annonaceae Meliaceae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Tetrameristaceae Tiliaceae Myrtaceae Annonaceae Ebenaceae Clusiaceae /

Baccaurea bracteata * Palaquium leiocarpum Ctenolophon parvifolius Palaquium pseudorostratum Polyalthia hypoleuca Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Santiria spp. Diospyros siamang Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Parartocarpus venenosus * Polyalthia hypoleuca Aglaia rubiginosa Palaquium leiocarpum Madhuca mottleyana Tetramerista glabra Microcos sp. Syzygium cf. garcinifolia Mezzetia umbellata Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and

Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau

289

Month

December

Family

Latin name

Guttiferae Myrtaceae Euphorbiaceae Apocynaceae Myrtaceae Lauraceae Sapotaceae

TU sp 1) Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Neoscortechinia kingii Dyera lowii Syzygium havilandii Alseodaphne sp. 2 Palaquium pseudorostratum

Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Linaceae Annonaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Ebenaceae Apocynaceae Sapotaceae Ebenaceae Meliaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Tiliaceae Sapotaceae Chrysobalanaceae

Palaquium pseudorostratum Palaquium leiocarpum Ctenolophon parvifolius Polyalthia hypoleuca Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Diospyros siamang Dyera lowii Madhuca mottleyana Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Aglaia rubiginosa Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Microcos sp. Palaquium leiocarpum Licania splendens

Site

Mean

SD

Mean - 1SD

High likelihood ≼ 10% fruiting?

Sabangau

15.00

7.44

7.56

No

Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau

23.56 18.57 25.21 20.73 26.59

19.26 14.51 21.29 18.36 24.39

4.30 4.06 3.92 2.37 2.19

No No No No No

Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan

49.26 50.39 57.65 66.67 39.33

10.76 16.67 25.22 39.33 12.91

38.51 33.72 32.43 27.34 26.42

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau

56.25 28.63 41.67 30.58 33.33 25.00

36.01 11.40 24.58 14.15 17.21 10.82

20.24 17.23 17.09 16.42 16.12 14.18

Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes Yes

Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan

66.67 32.83 33.33

57.74 24.71 25.82

8.93 8.12 7.51

No No No

290

Month

Family Tetrameristaceae Anacardiaceae Ebenaceae Annonaceae Anisophyllaceae Euphorbiaceae Burseraceae Myrtaceae

Latin name

Site

Mean

SD

Mean - 1SD 7.44 6.77 6.18 5.54 5.50 4.21 4.03 3.62

High likelihood ≼ 10% fruiting? No No No No No No No No

Tetramerista glabra Sabangau 23.61 16.17 Campnosperma coriaceum Sabangau 20.16 13.39 Sabangau 15.27 9.08 Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Sabangau 35.56 30.01 Polyalthia hypoleuca Combretocarpus rotundatus Sabangau 32.34 26.83 Neoscortechinia kingii Tuanan 24.07 19.86 Santiria spp. Sabangau 41.67 37.64 Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii Sabangau 11.07 7.45 and SA sp. 5) Myristicaceae Gymnacranthera farquhariania Tuanan 16.07 12.93 3.14 No Ebenaceae Diospyros siamang Tuanan 3.02 14.17 11.14 No Annonaceae Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Tuanan 16.67 13.66 3.00 No Myrtaceae Syzygium havilandii Tuanan 22.27 19.46 2.81 No Burseraceae Santiria spp. Tuanan 19.84 17.92 1.92 No Sapotaceae Sabangau 34.52 32.71 1.82 No Palaquium pseudorostratum Myrtaceae Syzygium cf. garcinifolia Sabangau 12.86 11.18 1.69 No Lauraceae Alseodaphne sp. 2 Tuanan 26.39 24.93 1.45 No Apocynaceae Tuanan 11.90 10.75 1.15 No Dyera lowii * = The only stem in the plot died or was added mid-way through study period (see Species Accounts for details). Categorisations may therefore be less reliable for these species. Green shading indicates species with a high likelihood of ≼ 10% of fruiting stems bearing fruit in a month. Boldface indicates species for which there is a high likelihood of fruiting in both Sabangau and Tuanan in that month.

291

APPENDIX II – Tree Species Fruiting Phenology Classifications by Site, Sorted by Regularity of Fruiting Note that classification of a species as an “irregular” fruiter does not necessarily mean that individuals of this species will not produce fruit each year, or that fruiting timing is completely unpredictable. Rather, it illustrates that it is difficult to consistently pinpoint a particular month/s for which there is a consistently high probability of fruit production for that species. Category

Family

Latin name

Site

Year-round

Ebenaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Ebenaceae Meliaceae

Diospyros siamang Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Aglaia rubiginosa

Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau

Mo / yr high l'hood fruit 12 11 9 9

Frequent

Ebenaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Sapotaceae Anisophyllaceae Myristicaceae Sapotaceae Tetrameristaceae Annonaceae Linaceae Sapotaceae Annonaceae Apocynaceae Euphorbiaceae

Diospyros bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica Syzygium cf. garcinifolia Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Palaquium leiocarpum Combretocarpus rotundatus Gymnacranthera cf. farquhariania Palaquium leiocarpum Tetramerista glabra Polyalthia hypoleuca Ctenolophon parvifolius Palaquium pseudorostratum Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Dyera lowii Baccaurea bracteata

Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau

8 8 8 8 7 7 7 7 6 6 6 5 5 5

292

Category

Regular

Family

Latin name

Site

Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Annonaceae Annonaceae Burseraceae Euphorbiaceae Myrtaceae

Madhuca mottleyana Palaquium pseudorostratum Campnosperma coriaceum Mezzetia leptopoda / parviflora Polyalthia hypoleuca Xylopia fusca Santiria spp. Blumeodendron elateriospermum / tokbrai Syzygium havilandii

Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan

Mo / yr high l'hood fruit 5 5 4 4 4 4 4 4 4

Annonaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Lauraceae Moraceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Sapotaceae Annonaceae Apocynaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Fabaceae / Leguminosae Lauraceae

Xylopia fusca Gardenia leiocarpum Baccaurea bracteata * Neoscortechinia kingii Alseodaphne sp.2 Parartocarpus venenosus * Syzygium sp. 5 cf. Eugenia spicata Syzygium spp. (exc. cf. garcinifolia, havilandii and SA sp. 5) Palaquium ridleyii / cf. xanthochymum Mezzetia umbellate Dyera lowii Calophyllum hosei Garcinia spp. (exc. cf. parvifolia, SA sp. 1 and TU sp 1) Archidendron borneensis * Litsea cf. rufo-fusca

Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau

3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2

293

Category

Irregular

Family

Latin name

Site

Melastomataceae Rutaceae Sapotaceae Tiliaceae Anacardiaceae Burseraceae Chrysobalanaceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Ebenaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Hypericaceae Icacinaceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Moraceae Myrtaceae Rhizophoraceae Sapotaceae Tetrameristaceae

Memecylon sp. 1 Tetractomia tetrandra Isonandra sp. 1 Microcos sp. Campnosperma coriaceum Santiria spp. Licania splendens Calophyllum sclerophyllum (SA) Diospyros siamang Lithocarpus spp. Lithocarpus spp. Cratoxylon arborescens Stemonurus scorpiodes Litsea cf. resinosa Litsea spp. Parartocarpus venenosus Syzygium havilandii Carallia sp. 1 Madhuca mottleyana Tetramerista glabra

Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan

Mo / yr high l'hood fruit 2 2 2 2 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Annonaceae Annonaceae

Buchanania sp. * Campnosperma squamatum Cyathocalyx biovulatus Mezzetia umbellata

Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan

0 0 0 0

294

Category

Family

Latin name

Site

Annonaceae Annonaceae Annonaceae Annonaceae Aquifoliaceae Aquifoliaceae Burseraceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Crypteroniaceae Crypteroniaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Ebenaceae Ebenaceae

Polyalthia glauca Xylopia cf. malayana Xylopia coriifolia Xylopia spp (exc. fusca) Ilex hypoglauca Ilex cymosa / sp. 1 Canarium sp. 1 Calophyllum nodusum Calophyllum soulattri Calophyllum sp. Garcinia cf parvifolia Garcinia sp. 1 Mesua sp. 1 Dactylocladus stenostachys Dactylocladus stenostachys Cotylelobium melanoxylon Dipterocarpus borneensis Dipterocarpus fagineus Shorea balangeran * Shorea parvifolia Shorea teysmanniana Vatica mangachopai Diospyros cf. evena Diospyros confertiflora

Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau

Mo / yr high l'hood fruit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

295

Category

Family

Latin name

Site

Ebenaceae

Diospyros spp. (exc. bantamensis / pseudo-malabarica and siamang) Elaeocarpus cf. griffithi Elaeocarpus mastersii Elaeocarpus mastersii Baccaurea stipulata Blumeodendron elateriospermum / tokbrai Cephalomappa sp. 1 Neoscortechinia kingii Koompassia malaccensis Koompassia malaccensis Castanopsis foxworthyii / jaherii Cratoxylon glaucum Cratoxylon glaucum Platea excelsa Platea sp. Platea sp. 2 Stemonurus scorpiodes Alseodaphne sp.1 Cryptoaria sp.1 Cryptoaria sp.2 Litsea cf. elliptica Litsea spp. Magnolia bintuluensis Memecylon sp. 3

Tuanan

Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpaceae Elaeocarpaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae / Leguminosae Fabaceae / Leguminosae Fagaceae Hypericaceae Hypericaceae Icacinaceae Icacinaceae Icacinaceae Icacinaceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Lauraceae Magnoliaceae Melastomataceae

Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau

Mo / yr high l'hood fruit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

296

Category

Family

Latin name

Site

Melastomataceae Meliaceae Meliaceae Meliaceae Myristicaceae Myristicaceae Myristicaceae Myristicaceae Myristicaceae Myrsinaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Myrtaceae Oxalidaceae Rubiaceae Rubiaceae Rutaceae Sapindaceae Sapindaceae Sapindaceae Sapindaceae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae

Pternandra cf. coerulescens / galeata Aglaia rubiginosa Sandoricum beccanarium Sandoricum beccanarium Gymnacranthera cf. farquhariania Horsfieldia crassifolia Horsfieldia crassifolia Knema intermedia Myristica lowiana cf. Rapanea borneensis Rhodamnia cinerea Syzygium cf. garcinifolia Tristaniopsis spp. Tristaniopsis spp. Sarcotheca spp Canthium dydimum Mussaendopsis beccariana Acronychia pedunculata Nephellium lappaceum Nephelium maingayi Xerospermum laevigatum / noronhianum Xerospermum laevigatum / noronhianum Isonandra lanceolata Palaquium cochlearifolium Palaquium cochlearifolium

Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan

Mo / yr high l'hood fruit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

297

Category

Never fruited

Family

Latin name

Site

Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Sapotaceae Sterculiaceae Theaceae Theaceae Thymelaeaeceae Thymelaeaeceae Tiliaceae

Palaquium ridleyii / cf. xanthochymum Payena leerii Pouteria cf. malaccensis Sterculia sp. Ploiarium alternifolium Ternstroemia hosei Gonystylus bancanus Gonystylus bancanus Microcos (Grewia) sp. 1

Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau

Mo / yr high l'hood fruit 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

Anacardiaceae Celesteraceae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Clusiaceae / Guttiferae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Dipterocarpaceae Elaeocarpaceae Euphorbiaceae Fabaceae / Leguminosae Fabaceae / Leguminosae Fabaceae / Leguminosae Fagaceae

Bouea oppositofolia Lophopetalum sp. 1 Calophyllum inophyllum Calophyllum sclerophyllum (TU) cf. Anisoptera sp. 1 Cotyolebium cf. lanceolatum Shorea crassa Shorea parvistipulata Shorea uliginosa Elaeocarpus marginatus Pimelodendron griffithi Adenanthera malayana Adenanthera pavonina Dialium indum Castanopsis foxworthyii / jaherii

Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Sabangau Sabangau Tuanan Sabangau Tuanan Tuanan

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0

298

Category

Family

Latin name

Hypericaceae Cratoxylon arborescens Lauraceae Alseodaphne coriacea Lauraceae Alseodaphne coriacea Lauraceae Notaphoebe sp. 1 Lauraceae Notaphoebe umbeliflora Lauraceae Phoebe cf. grandis Magnoliaceae Magnolia sp. Myrtaceae Eugenia cf. spicata Pittosporaceae Pittosporum sp. 1 Rhizophoraceae Carallia sp.2 Rhizophoraceae Gynotroches sp. 1 Rubiaceae Gardenia tubifera Sapindaceae cf. Cubilia cubili Sapindaceae Nephelium maingayi Sapindaceae Nephellium sp. 1 Sapindaceae Pornetia pinnata Simaroubaceae Quassia borneensis Sterculiaceae Sterculia rhoidifolia Sterculiaceae Sterculia sp. 1 Theaceae Ternstroemia magnifica * = Only stem in plot died or was added mid-way through study period reliable for these species.

Site

Mo / yr high l'hood fruit Tuanan 0 Sabangau 0 Tuanan 0 Sabangau 0 Tuanan 0 Sabangau 0 Tuanan 0 Sabangau 0 Sabangau 0 Tuanan 0 Sabangau 0 Sabangau 0 Sabangau 0 Sabangau 0 Sabangau 0 Tuanan 0 Sabangau 0 Sabangau 0 Sabangau 0 Sabangau 0 (see Species Accounts for details). Categorisations may therefore be less

299

300

Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.