IAJPS 2017, 4 (07), 1862-1866
K.Ramanji Reddy et al
CODEN [USA]: IAJPBB
ISSN 2349-7750
ISSN: 2349-7750
INDO AMERICAN JOURNAL OF
PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES http://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.825748
Available online at: http://www.iajps.com
Research Article
ESTIMATION OF PHYTOCHEMICALS SCREENING AND SUN PROTECTION FACTOR (SPF) NUMBER IN COMMONLY USED ETHANOLIC FRUIT EXTRACTS Chandaka Madhu 1, Dr.K.Murali Krishna1, Sunkara Bhawani1, K.Ramanji Reddy*2, Dr.B.Jagan mohan reddy3, K.Deepthi3 1 MLR Institute of Pharmacy,Dundigal (V),Quthbullapur(M),Rr.Dist-500043. 2 Scientist, Startech Labs Pvt.Ltd, Madinaguda, Hyderabad, TS-5000050. 3 Department of Chemistry, Adikavi Nannaya University, Rajamahendravaram-533296. Abstract: The aim of the present study is phytochemical screening and the ultraviolet absorption properties of ethanolic herbal extracts of some commonly used vegetable sources by determining the sun protection factor (spf) number. The invitro SPF number is determined according to the spectrophotomertic method described by Mansur et.al.,. Ethanolic herbal extracts were prepared and after dilution with alcoholic solutions the absorbance were recorded between 290-320 using uv-vis spectrophotometry. It was observed that all of the ethanolic herbal extract showed some UV protection capability. keywords :sun protection factor, spectrophotomertic , ethanolic extract Corresponding Author: K.Ramanji Reddy, QR code M.Sc,M.Phil(Ph.D) Sr.Scientist in Startech Labs Pvt.Ltd. E-Mail-ramanjibiotech@gmail.com Phone: 9700971895
Please cite this article in press as K.Ramanji Reddy et al, Estimation of Phytochemicals Screening and Sun Protection Factor (SPF) Number in Commonly Used Ethanolic Fruit Extracts, Indo Am. J. P. Sci, 2017; 4(07).
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IAJPS 2017, 4 (07), 1862-1866
K.Ramanji Reddy et al
INTRODUCTION: The sun is the Natural source of energy which is located at the center of the solar system [1]. It mainly consist of hydrogen helium [2] and heavy metals [3].The sun emittes different types of electromagnetic radiations (IR, UV & Visible) in which UV Rays shows both beneficial ( synthesis of vitamin D3) as well as harmful effects ( allergic reaction) [4], immuno suppression, photo aging and skin cancer [5,6]. Based upon the wave length range the UV Radiation is mainly divided into three distinct bands UVA (320-400nm) , UVB ( 290-320nm) and UVC (200-290nm).In which UVC is effectively filtered by ozone layer [7]. UVB is primarily associated with Erythema and sun burn.UVA is primarily associated with skin cancer. The sun care products are widely used to protect the skin from UV Radiations by physical sun screens (those that reflect the sun light) or chemical sun screens (those that absorb the sun light) [8]. But sun screen products are causing hyper sensitivity on sensitive skins which we can rectify by using herbal sun screens. However now a day’s research have climbed that cosmetic having herbal components are more suitable for hyper allergic skin because they are less irritant and more easily adjustable to the skin. So the present study is to estimate the phytochemicals and SPF number of Herbal extracts which are having a good anti-oxidant property. A number of people with sensitive skin, such as those suffering from skin hypersensitivity don’t want to use chemical sunscreens due to concern about skin exposure to unknown chemicals. Although a variety of hypoallergenic cosmetic products have been introduced for customers with sensitive skin, there are still limited options in sunscreen agents. Now, however, researchers have claimed that cosmetics having herbal components are more suitable for hyperallergic skin because they are less irritant and more easily adjustable to skin. Topical cosmetic formulations are the most preferred treatments asked by patients and are also often most prescribed by family physicians and dermatologists for sun burn. Patients feel more comfortable using topical therapies because they have milder side effects, are easier to use, are generally less expensive and are more readily available. Herbal cosmetics must have one or more active sunscreening agent with antioxidant properties in order to achieve good photoprotection effect. The concept of complementary or alternative medicine is increasingly becoming more widely accepted and there is a corresponding rising interest in herbal remedies.
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ISSN 2349-7750
SPF can be calculated by applying the following formula know as Mansur equation SPF =CF x∑320290 EE (ƛ) X I (ƛ) x ABS (ƛ) Where CF=Correction Factor (10), EE (ƛ) = Erytmogenic Effect of Radiation With Wavelength (ƛ), ABS (ƛ) = Spectrophotometric Absorbance Value at Wavelength (ƛ) The Values of EE X (ƛ) are Constants. Which is given in the table -1? Table1: Spectrophotometric Absorbance Value wave length EE*I 290
0.015
295
0.0817
300
0.2874
305
0.3278
310
0.1864
315 320
0.0837 0.018
MATERIALS AND METHODS: Materials Required Chemicals Required: Ethanol, Water Instruments used : Double Beam-UV-Spectroscopy (UV-Win software), Heating Mantles Glassware Required: Beaker (50ml & 100ml), Volumetric Flasks (25 ml,50ml & 100 ml), Glass Rods, Pipettes (1ml ) ,(500 ml)Round Bottom Flask and Condenser. Collection and Authentication of Plant Material The plant material Pouteria Sapota , Actinidia Deliciosa ,Solanum lycopersicum ,Musa Acuminata, Carica Papaya ,Daucus Carot and Mangifera Indica was collected in the month of June 2017 from local market, Madinaguda in Hyderabad. Preparation of Ethanolic Extract The Ethanolic extract of the plant was prepared using reflex condensation process. The fresh fruits about 200g was weighed and placed in a 500 ml round bottom flask with 200ml of ethanol and its refluxed for 8 hrs at 40oc . Then suspension was filtered through a fine muslin cloth. The solvent was evaporated by heating until ¾ is reduced. The remaining solvent is evaporated under room temperature. A semisolid residue was obtained. The percentage yield and phytochemical screening is studied. Sample Preparation 0.5 g of all samples was weighed, transferred to a 50 mL volumetric flask, diluted to volume with ethanol, followed by ultrasonication for 5 min and then filtered through cotton, rejecting the first 5 mL.
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IAJPS 2017, 4 (07), 1862-1866
K.Ramanji Reddy et al
A 2.5 mL aliquot was transferred to 25 mL volumetric flask and diluted to volume with ethanol. Then a 5.0 mL aliquot was transferred to a 25 mL volumetric flask and the volume completed with ethanol. The absorption data were obtained in the
ISSN 2349-7750
range of 290 to 320, every 5 nm, and 3 determinations were made at each point, followed by the application of Mansur equation. SPF =CF x∑320290 EE (ƛ) X I (ƛ) x ABS (ƛ)
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION: Table 2: The Percentage Yield of Ethanol Extract S.No
Name of The Plant
Percentage Yield (%)
Pouteria Sapota Actinidia Deliciosa Solanum lycopersicum Musa Acuminata Carica Papaya Daucus Carot Mangifera Indica
1 2 3 4 5 6 7
12.3% 9.8% 11.7% 13.1% 7.5% 9.1% 10.6% Table 3: Phytochemical Screening
s.no Name of the plant Alk Carb Gly Tan Phytos Flav sapo Pro muci Pouteria Sapota 1 + + + + + + + Actinidia Deliciosa 2 + + + + + + + Solanum lycopersicum 3 + + + + + + + Musa Acuminata 4 + + + + + + + + Carica Papaya 5 + + + + + + + + Daucus Carot 6 + + + + + + + + Mangifera Indica 7 + + + + + + + + The above table indicates the presence (+) or absence (-) of phytochemicals in ethanolic extract--Alk:Alkaloids , Carb:Carbohydrates , Gly:Glycosides, Tan:Tannins, Phytos:Phytosterol, Flav:Flavanoids , Sapo:Saponins , Pro:Proteins , Muci:Mucilages Table4: Absorbance of Ethanolic Herbal Extracts Absorbance
S.no 1 2 3 4
wave length 290 295 300 305
EE*I 0.015 0.0817 0.2874 0.3278
Pouteria Sapota 0.225 0.207 0.192 0.181
Actinidia Deliciosa 0.372 0.328 0.286 0.255
Solanum lycopersicum 0.269 0.258 0.239 0.214
Musa Acuminata 0.214 0.205 0.188 0.168
Carica Papaya 0.383 0.372 0.355 0.331
Daucus Carot 0.295 0.289 0.275 0.256
5 6 7
310 315 320
0.1864 0.0837 0.018
0.171 0.159 0.150
0.235 0.217 0.207
0.190 0.165 0.148
0.151 0.133 0.120
0.307 0.281 0.263
0.237 0.214 0.196
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Mangifera Indica 0.917 0.914 0.911 0.908 0.905 0.903 0.901
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IAJPS 2017, 4 (07), 1862-1866
K.Ramanji Reddy et al
ISSN 2349-7750
Table 5: SPF Number for the Ethanolic Extract S.No 1 2 3 4
Name of The Plant Pouteria sapota Actinidia Deliciosa Solanum lycopersicum Musa Acuminata
SPF NUMBER 1.82 2.63 2.15 1.70
5
Carica Papaya
3.32
6 7
Daucus Carot Mangifera Indica
2.56 9.08
Fig 1: SPF Number for the Ethanolic Extract From the table -1 we have come to know the Glycosides were present in Musa Acuminata percentage yield of the ethanolic herbal extract were Solanum lycopersicum , Mangifera Indica , ,Daucus obtained in which the Musa Acuminata is having Carot ,Carica Papaya .but absent in Actinidia highest yield is about 13.1 % and the lowest is Carica Deliciosa and Pouteria Sapota Papaya is about 7.5% Saponins were present in Musa The percentage yield of the herbal extract were Acuminata,Pouteria Sapota, Solanum lycopersicum , arranged in ascending order : Actinidia Deliciosa ,Daucus Carot ,Carica Papaya . Musa Acuminata> Pouteria Sapota > Solanum and absent in Mangifera Indica lycopersicum > Mangifera Indica > Actinidia Proteins were present in Mangifera Indica and Deliciosa > Daucus Carot > Carica Papaya Actinidia Deliciosa , and absent in Musa From the table -2 shows all the ethanolic herbal Acuminata,Pouteria Sapota, Solanum extracts contain Carbohydrates , Tannins, lycopersicum,,Daucus Carot ,Carica Papaya . SPF number plays an important role in sun screens Phytosterol, Flavanoids , Mucilages were present for measuring the effectiveness in protecting the skin in all ethanolic extracts of Musa Acuminata,Pouteria Sapota, Solanum from sun radiation .From the table -6 We have found lycopersicum , Mangifera Indica , Actinidia that, when the UV radiation range is increasing the Deliciosa ,Daucus Carot ,Carica Papaya . absorption by the herbal extracts were gradually Alkaloids were present in Musa reducing . But from the table no-6 we have come to Acuminata,Pouteria Sapota , Mangifera Indica know that the ethanolic herbals extract which are ,Daucus Carot and Carica Papaya .but it was absent used are have some sun protection property having in Solanum lycopersicum and Actinidia Deliciosa the range of 9.08-1.70 in which Mangifera Indica is having the highest SPF number of about 9.08 and the
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IAJPS 2017, 4 (07), 1862-1866
K.Ramanji Reddy et al
lowest is Musa Acuminata is about 1.70 SPF number. The spf no of the herbal extract were arranged in ascending order : Mangifera Indica > Carica Papaya > Actinidia Deliciosa > Daucus Carot > Solanum lycopersicum > Pouteria Sapota > Musa Acuminata
ISSN 2349-7750
8.Terence SC Poon, Ross StC Barnetson and Gary M Halliday. "Prevention of Immunosuppression by Sunscreens in Humans Is Unrelated to Protection from Erythema and Dependent on Protection from Ultraviolet A in the Face of Constant Ultraviolet B Protection". J Invest Dermatol ,2003;121: 184–90.
CONCLUSION: Herbal sunscreens are rapidly replacing the modern sunscreen containing UV-filters due to associated side effects with UV filters. Many herbal sunscreens are available in market in the form of creams, lotion, and gel having labeled SPF. Also, there are plants available that have given indications of protecting themselves from intense heat and UV radiation from the sun and they are interesting for researchers. The identification of naturally derived sunscreens from the herbs is not impossible, and it requires more concerted efforts. Herbal cosmetics must have one or more active sunscreening agent with antioxidant properties in order to achieve good photoprotection effect. The concept of complementary or alternative medicine is increasingly becoming more widely accepted and there is a corresponding rising interest in herbal remedies The SPF values of the ethanolic extracts of some commonly found vegetables sources were evaluated .It was found that all are having almost similar UV protection capabilities, along with their many beneficial effects, easily available, cheap and safety. REFERENCES: 1."How Round is the Sun?". NASA. 2 October 2008. Retrieved 7 March 2011 2.Hansen, C.J.; Kawaler, S.A.; Trimble, V. (2004). Stellar Interiors: Physical Principles, Structure, and Evolution (2nd ed.). Springer. pp. 19– 20. 3.Wilk, S. R. (2009). "The Yellow Sun Paradox". Optics & Photonics News: 12–13. 4.Bhatia S, Sharma K, Namdeo AG, Chaugule BB, Kavale M, Nanda S. Broad-spectrum sun-protective action of Porphyra-334 derived from Porphyra vietnamensis. Phcog Res. 2010; 2:45–9. 5.Cummings SR, Tripp MK, Herrmann NB. Approaches to the prevention and control of skin cancer.Cancer Metastasis Rev. 1997;16:309–27 6.Azevedo JS, Viana NS, Jr, Vianna Soares CD. UVA/UVB sunscreen determination by second-order derivative ultraviolet spectrophotometry. Farmaco. 1999;54:573–8. 7.Kullavanijaya P, Henry W, Lim HW. Photoprotection. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005; 52:959–61.
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