Yiddish - The Gospel of Luke

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ืื™ืžืชืŸื'ื”ืŸื•ืคืŸืฆืขื–ืขื’ืŸื•ืืŸื˜ืื‘ืขื’ืขืœืืŸื™ืืŸืขื’ื ืื’ืขื’ืŸืขื ืขื–ืŸื•ื,ื˜ืื’ืจืืคืื™ืงื™ื“ืฆืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ืขื“ื™ื™ื‘ืŸืขื ืขื–ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื6 ืŸืจืื™ืŸื™ืืŸื’ืืœืฉืขื’ื˜ื ื•ื–ืขื’ื˜ืฆื™ืืŸืขื ืขื–ืขื“ื™ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื,ื”ืจืงืขืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืื”ื˜ืขื‘ืื–ื™ืœืขื™ื“ืœื™ื™ื•ื•,ื“ื ื™ืงืŸื™ื™ืงื˜ืื”ืขื’ื˜ืฉื™ื ืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื7

ื˜ื™ื ื˜ืกื™ื•ืœื’ื•ื“ืœึทื•ื•,ืŸืจืขื•ื•ืŸืื˜ืขื’ืŸืœืขื•ื•ืŸื›ืื–ืขืงื™ื–ืื“ื™ื“ืกืื•ื•ื’ืื˜ืืขื“ื–ื™ื‘,ืŸื“ืขืจืŸืขื ืขืงื˜ืฉื™ื ืŸื•ื,ืื•ื˜ืฉืŸื™ื™ื–ื•ื˜ืกืขื•ื•,ื”ึตื”ืŸื•ื20 .ื˜ื™ื™ืฆืจืขื™ื™ื–ืŸื™ืืŸืจืขื•ื•ืื™ื•ืงืžืŸืœืขื•ื•ืกืื•ื•,ืจืขื˜ืจืขื•ื•ืขื ื™ื™ืž ืฉื“ืงืžื”-ืชื™ื‘ืŸื™ืืŸื‘ื™ืœื‘ืจืืคื’ื ืืœื™ื•ื–ืืšื™ื–ื˜ืื”ืจืขืกืื•ื•,ื˜ืจืขื“ื ื•ืื•ื•ืขื’ืšื™ื–ืŸื‘ืื”ืŸื•ื,ืŸื”ื™ืจื›ื–ืฃื™ื•ืื˜ืจืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืงืœืืคืกืื“ืŸื•ื21 ;ืœื›ื™ื”ืŸื™ืื’ื ื•ืืขื–ืืŸืขื–ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืจืขื–ืื˜ืงืจืขืžืื‘ืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื,ืŸื“ืขืจื˜ื ืขืงืขื’ื˜ื™ื ื™ื™ื–ื•ืฆืจืขื˜ืื”,ืŸืขืžื•ืงืขื’ืกื™ื•ืจืื–ื™ืืจืขื–ืืŸื•ื22 ืŸื•ืฉืœืืŸืืŸื‘ื™ืœื‘ืขื’ื–ื™ืืŸื•ื,ื˜ืงื ื™ื•ื•ืขื’ื ืื™ื™ื–ื•ืฆื˜ืื”ืจืขืื™ืจืื•ื• ื–ืฑื”ืืขื ืขื’ื™ื™ืืŸื™ื™ื–ืŸื™ืืŸืขื’ื ืื’ืขื’ืจืขื–ื™ื,ื˜ืงื™ื“ื ืขืขื’ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ืŸืขื ืขื–ื˜ืกื ื™ื“ืŸื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ืคื’ืขื˜ื™ื“ืจืื ื™ื•ื•ื–ื,ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืขืŸื•ื23 :ืŸื’ืื–ื•ืฆื™ื•ื–ื,ืื™ืฉื“ื—ืฃื ื™ืคืŸื˜ืœืื”ืื‘ืšื™ื–ื˜ืื”ืŸื•ื,ืŸืจืื•ื•ืขื’ืงื™ื“ืขื’ืืจื˜ื”ื˜ืขื‘ืื–ื™ืœืขื‘ื™ื™ื•ื•ืŸื™ื™ื–ื–ื™ืื’ืขื˜ืขื ืขื™ืšืื ืŸื•ื24 ืŸืฉื˜ื ืขืžืŸืฉื™ื•ื•ืฆื”ืคืจื—ืŸื™ื™ืžืจื•ืกื•ืฆ,ื™ื™ื–ืŸื™ืื”ืืจืšื™ืžื˜ืื”ืจืขืกืื•ื•ื’ืขื˜ื™ื“ืŸื™ืืจื™ืžื˜ื™ืžื”ึดืข'ื”ื˜ืื”ื™ื•ื–ื25 .ืชืจืฆื ืŸืขืžืื ืŸื˜ื™ืž,ืœื™ืœื’ืŸื•ืคื˜ืื˜ืฉืืŸื™ืื˜ืื’ืŸื•ืคืŸืจืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ืงื™ืฉืขื’ืœืื™ืจื‘ื’ืšืืœืžืจืขื“ื–ื™ืืฉื“ื•ื—ืŸื˜ืกืงืขื–ืืขื“ืŸื™ืืŸื•ื26

'.ื”ืŸื•ืคืŸืจืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืจื™ืืŸืขื ืขื–ืกืื•ื•,ืŸื›ืื–ื™ื“ืŸื•ืคื”ืฉืขืžืืŸื™ื™ื–ื˜ืขื•ื•ืกืขืืขืจืื•ื•,ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืœื’ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืกืื•ื•,ื™ื–ื–ื™ืืœื™ื•ืื•ื•ืŸื•ื45 ';ื”ื˜ื–ื™ื™ืจื’ื”ืžืฉื ืŸื™ื™ืž:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืื™ืจืžืŸื•ื46

.ืšื•ืจื‘ืŸืคื•ืจืชื•ืจื•ื“ืขืœืืšื™ืžืŸืœืขืฐืจืขื˜ึทืฐืŸื•ืค,ื”ึตื”ืื•ืจืืฐ,ื˜ืกื ื™ื“ืŸึทื–ืŸื•ืคืœืคืฉืจืขื“ืฃื™ื•ืื˜ืงื•ืงืขื’ื˜ืื”ืจืขืื•ืจืืฐ48

;)ื˜ืื’ื•ืฆืงื™ืœึทื”ืŸืจืขืฐืŸืคื•ืจืขื’ืœืื–,ืŸื˜ื‘ืืขื“ื˜ื ืคืขืกืืฐืจื›ื–ืจืขื“ืขืฐื˜ืขื™':ื”ืŸื•ืคื”ืจื•ึนืจืขื“ืŸื™ืืŸื‘ื™ืจืฉืขื’ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืกืขื™ื•ื•ื™ื•ื–ื23(

ื—ื™ืฉืžืกืจืื”ืืขื“ืŸืขื–ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืจืขืจืขื“ื™ื™ืุŒื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืŸืขื–ื˜ื™ื ืœืื–ืจืขื–ืุŒื—ื•ืจื™ื“ืšืจื•ื“ืื™ืื•ืฆื˜ืงืขืœืคื˜ื ืืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืขืŸื•ื26

ื˜ื™ืžืŸื•ื˜ืขื’ื™ื•ื–ืื•ื˜ืกืื”ืกืื•ื•ืจืืค,ืŸื•ื–:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืื™ืื•ืฆื˜ืื”ืจืขื˜ื•ืžืŸื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื,ื˜ื ื™ื•ื˜ืฉืจืขื“ืšื™ื–ื™ื™ื–ืŸื‘ืื”,ืŸืขื–ืขื’ืื™ืืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ื–ืืŸื•ื48

?ืงืกืขืกืจืขื˜ืืคืŸึทืžืŸื™ืืŸึทื–ื–ื•ืžืšื™ืื–ื,ื˜ื™ื ืจื™ืื˜ืกึทืฐ?ื˜ื›ื•ื–ืขื’ืšื™ืžืจื™ืื˜ืื”ืฑื–ืื™ืฐ:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ื™ื™ื–ื•ืฆื˜ืื”ืจืขืŸื•ื49 ื˜ื“ืขืจืขื’ื™ื™ื–ื•ืฆื˜ืื”ืจืขืกืื•ื•ื˜ืจืื•ื•ืกืื“ืŸืขื ืื˜ืฉืจืืคื˜ืฉื™ื ืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื50

ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืื•ื—ื ืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืกื•ืžืขืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ื”ื™ืชืชืžืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•25 ,ื”ื’ื ืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ื™ืœืกืขืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–

ืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ื™ืขืžืกืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ื”ื™ืชืชืžืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืชืžืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•26 .ื”ื“ื•ื”ื™ืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืฃืกื•ื™ืŸื•ืค ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืœื‘ื‘ื•ืจื–ืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืืฉืจืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืŸื ื ื•ื™ืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•27

ื™ืจื ืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืœืื™ืชืœืกืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–

ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืืื–ื•ืงืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ื™ื“ื“ืืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ื™ื›ืœืžืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•28

ืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขืฐืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืืฐ,ืืฉืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขืฐืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืืฐ,ื“ืกื›ืคืจืืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขืฐืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืืฐ,ืŸื ื™ืงืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขืฐืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืืฐ36 ืŸื›ืžืœืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขืฐืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืืฐ,ืขื•ื ืŸื•ืค

ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ื“ืจื™ืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืšื•ื ื—ืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืขืœืขืกื•ืชืžืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•37 ืŸื ื™ืงืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืœึถืœืœืžืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื– ืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืื“ืืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืชืกืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ืกื•ื ืขืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื–ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•38

,ืจื‘ื“ืžืจืขื“ืŸื™ืื˜ืกื™ื™ื’ืืขื“ืšืจื•ื“ื˜ืจื™ืคืขื’ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืŸื•ื,ืŸื“ืจื™ืŸื•ืคื˜ืจืขืงืขื’ืžื•ื,ื—ื•ืจื™ื“ืŸื•ืคืœื•ืคืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืขืงืฉืื™ืŸื•ื1

,ืชื‘ืฉืŸื™ืืœื•ืฉืŸื™ืืŸื™ื™ืจืืจืขื–ื™ื,ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืื’ื”ื ืžืŸื™ื™ื–ื™ื•ื•ืŸื•ื,ืŸืจืื•ื•ืขื’ืŸืกืงืื•ื•ืขื’ืคื™ื•ืื–ื™ืืจืขื•ืื•ื•,ืชืจืฆื ืŸื™ื™ืงืŸืขืžื•ืงืขื’ื–ื™ืืจืขืŸื•ื16

.ื’ืขื˜ืขืงื™ื“ืชื‘ืฉื™ื“ืŸื™ืื˜ื ืจืขืœืขื’ื™ื™ื–ื˜ืื”ืŸื•ื,ืœื™ืœื’ืŸื•ืคื˜ืื˜ืฉื,ืื•ื—ื ืจืคื›ืŸื™ื™ืงืŸืขืžื•ืงืขื’ืคืืจืื–ื™ืืจืขืŸื•ื31 ื˜ื›ืืžื˜ื™ืžืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืื˜ืจืื•ื•ืŸื™ื™ื–ืื™ืจืื•ื•,ืŸืจืขืœืŸื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ืคื˜ื ื™ื•ื˜ืฉืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ืŸืขื ืขื–ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื32 :ืœื•ืงืšื™ื•ื”ืื˜ื™ืžืŸื’ื™ืจืฉืขื’ืกื™ื•ืื˜ืื”ืŸื•ื,ืŸื˜ืฉืŸื™ื™ืจืžื•ืืŸืืŸื•ืคื˜ืกื™ื™ื’ืื˜ืื”ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืกืื•ื•,ืŸืืžืืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืœื•ืฉืŸื™ืืŸื•ื33 ืกื™ื™ื•ื•ืšื™ื?ืŸืขื’ื ืขืจื‘ื•ืฆืžื•ืื–ื ื•ืืŸืขืžื•ืงืขื’ื•ื˜ืกื™ื‘?ืชืจืฆื ืŸื•ืคืขืงืฉืื™ื•ื“,ืจื™ื“ื˜ื™ืžืŸืื˜ื•ืฆืจื™ืžืŸื‘ืื”ืกืื•ื•;ืŸื™ื™ืœืืจื™ืžืืœ:ืŸื’ืื–ื•ืฆื™ื•ื–ื34 .ื˜ืื’ืŸื•ืคืจืขืงื™ืœื™ื™ื”ืจืขื“;ื˜ืกื™ื‘ื•ื“ืจืขื•ื•ืšื™ื“ ืื™ืื˜ืื”ืŸื˜ืฉืจืขื“ื–ืืŸื•ื.ืื™ืืŸื•ืคืกื™ื•ืจืื•ื’ืŸื•ื,ืœื™ื˜ืฉื’ืื–:ืŸื’ืื–ื•ืฆื™ื•ื–ื,ืŸื’ื™ืจืฉืขื’ื ืืื™ืื˜ืื”ื—ื™ืฉืžื”ืšืœืžื™ื‘ืจืŸื•ื35 ืŸืื˜ืขื’ื˜ื™ื ืื™ืื˜ืื”ืŸื•ื,ืื™ืืŸื•ืคืŸืขื’ื ืื’ืขื’ืกืฑืจืืจืขื–ื™ื,ืŸื˜ื™ืžืŸื™ืืŸืคืจืืฐืขื’ื ึทืจื ื˜ื›ืืžื˜ื™ืžืื•ืจืืฐ!ืกืื“ื–ื™ืื˜ืจืื•ื•ืืจืืคืกืื•ื•:ืŸื’ืื–ื•ืฆื™ื•ื–ื,ืšื™ื–ืŸืฉื™ื•ื•ืฆื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืŸื‘ืื”ืŸื•ื,ื˜ืžื•ื˜ืฉืจืืคืขืœืืšื™ื–ืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื36 ืกืฑืจืืŸืขึทื’ึทื–ืŸื•ื,ืจืขื˜ืกึทื’ืขื ึทืจืžื•ืื™ื“ืจืขื˜ืœืฑืคืื‘ื˜ื›ืืžืŸื•ื

ื˜ื™ืžืŸืจืืฐืขื’ืŸืขืžื•ื ืขื’ื–ื™ืืจืขื˜ื•ืžืกื‘ึทืฐืกืŸื•ืขืžืฉืŸื•ื.ื–ื™ื•ื”ืก'ืŸื•ืขืžืฉืŸื™ืืŸื™ื™ืจืื–ื™ืืŸื•ื,ืฉืจื“ืžื”ึพืชื™ื‘ืŸื•ืคืŸืขื ืื˜ืฉืขื’ืคื™ื•ืื–ื™ืืจืขืŸื•ื38

.ืคื•ื˜ืืจืืคืŸืฆืขื ืขืจืขื™ื™ืืคืืจืื–ืืœืŸื•ื,ืื•ื”ืชืŸื™ืืŸื™ื™ืจืื‘ื™ื’:ืŸื•ืขืžืฉื•ืฆื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืจืขื˜ืื”,ืŸื“ืขืจื˜ื–ืืœืขื’ื˜ืื”ืจืขืŸืขื•ื•ืŸื•ื4 ,ืŸื’ืขื•ื•ื˜ืกืขื“ื ื•ืค,ื ืขืžื•ื ืขื’ื˜ืฉื™ื ืจืื’ืŸื‘ืื”ืŸื•ื,ื˜ื›ืื ืขืฆื ืื’ื™ื“ื˜ืขื‘ืจืืขื’ืšื™ื–ืŸื‘ืื”ืจื™ืž,ืจืื”:ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ื ืขืขื’ืื™ืื•ืฆื˜ืื”ืŸื•ืขืžืฉืŸื•ื5

.ืŸื›ืืจื‘ืขืฆืšื™ื–ื˜ืื”ืฅืขื ืจืขื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื,ืฉื™ืคืŸื•ืžื”ืจืขืกื™ื•ืจื’ืืŸืกืืœืฉืขื’ื ื™ื™ืจืื™ื™ื–ืŸื‘ืื”,ืŸืื˜ืขื’ืกืื“ืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ื–ืืŸื•ื6 ืŸืขื ึทื–ึทื–ืŸื•ืืŸืคืœืขื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ืืŸืขืžื•ืงืŸืœืื–ื™ื™ื–ื–ื,ืฃื™ืฉืจืขืจืขื“ื ืืจืขื“ืŸื™ืืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ืŸืขื ืขื–ืกืื•ื•,ืื™ืคืชื•ืฉืขืจืขื™ื™ื–ื•ืฆื˜ืงื ื™ื•ื•ืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื7

ื’ืื–ืšื™ื,):ืขืงื ืืจืงื™ื“ื•ืฆื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืจืข,(ื“ื ื™ื–ืŸื‘ืขื’ืจืืคื•ืฆื“ืจืขืจืขื“ืฃื™ื•ืื—ื•ื›ื˜ืื”ืื“ื-ืŸื‘ืจืขื“ื–ื,ืŸืกื™ื•ื•ื˜ืœืื–ืจื™ืื™ื“ื›ืจืขื‘ื24

.ืขืจืขื“ื ืื™ื“ื™ืฐื˜ื ื•ื–ืขื’ืŸืขืฐืขื’ื–ื™ืื˜ื ืื”ืŸึทื– ืขืงืฉืื™ื•ืฆืŸืื˜ืŸืœืื–ื™ื™ื–ืกืื•ื•ืŸืจืขื“ื ืืืขื“ื˜ื™ืžืจืขื ื™ื™ืื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืŸื•ื;ืŸื•ืขื’ื™ืฉื˜ื™ืžืœื•ืคืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ืŸืขื ืขื–ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื11 .ื˜ืื’ื•ืฆื”ืœื™ืคืชืŸื™ืื˜ื›ืื ืขืฆื ืื’ื™ื“ืŸื’ื™ื•ืฆืขื’ื–ื™ืืŸื•ื,ืŸืขื ื•ื•ืื“ื•ืฆื’ืจืื‘ืืŸื™ืืกื™ื•ืจืื–ื™ืืจืขื–ื,ื’ืขื˜ืขื ืขื™ืŸื™ืืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืขืŸื•ื12

.ื“ื’ื•ื‘ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืšื™ื•ืืกืื•ื•,ืชื•ื™ืจืง-ืฉื™ืื”ื“ื•ื”ื™ืŸื•ื,ื‘ืงืขื™ืŸื•ืคืจืขื“ื•ืจื‘ืจืขื“ื”ื“ื•ื”ื™ืŸื•ื16

?ืŸืขืžื•ืงืœืื–ืกืื•ื•,ืจืขื“ื•ื˜ืกื™ื‘:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืŸื•ื,ืŸืขื•ืฉื™ื•ืฆื˜ืงื™ืฉืขื’ื™ื™ื–ื˜ืื”ืŸื•ื,ืื™ื“ื™ืžืœืชืขื ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ืคื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืŸืคื•ืจืขื’ืื™ืื•ืฆื˜ืื”ืŸื ื—ื•ื™ืŸื•ื19

ืกืื•ื•ืจืขื“ื•ื˜ืกื™ื‘:ืŸื’ืื–ื•ืฆื™ื•ื–ื,ืจื™ื“ื•ืฆื–ื“ื ื•ืื˜ืงื™ืฉืขื’ื˜ืื”ื˜ืกื™ื˜ืคืื‘ืŸื ื—ื•ื™,ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ื™ื™ื–,ืื™ืื•ืฆืŸืขืžื•ืงืขื’ืŸืขื ืขื–ืŸืฉื˜ื ืขืžื™ื“ืŸืขื•ื•20

ืšืกืืจืืคืŸื•ื;ืจืขื˜ืกื™ื™ื’ืขื–ื™ื™ื‘ืŸื•ืคืŸื•ื,ืชื•ื›ืžืŸื•ืืŸื˜ื™ื™ื”ืงื ืืจืงืขืจืขื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ืคืšืกืื˜ืœื™ื™ื”ืขื’ืจืขื˜ืื”ื”ืขืฉืจืขื‘ืœืขื–ืจืขื“ืŸื™ืืŸื•ื21

?ื™ื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ืŸืขื ืขื–ืกืื•ื•ื•ืฆืŸื•ื?ืจื•ื“ืŸืงื™ื–ืื“ืืขื“ืŸื•ืคืŸืฉื˜ื ืขืžื™ื“ื”ื•ื•ืฉืžืšื™ืืœืื–ืกืื•ื•ื˜ื™ืž:ืจืžืื˜ืื”'ื”ืŸื•ื31 ืŸื‘ืื”ืจื™ืืŸื•ื,ืจื™ืื•ืฆืคื™ื™ืคืŸื‘ืื”ืจื™ืž:ืŸื’ืื–ืŸื•ื,ืŸืจืขื“ื ืืืขื“ื•ืฆืจืขื ื™ื™ืืŸืคื•ืจืŸื•ื,ืงืจืืžื™ื“ืŸื™ืืŸืฆื™ื–ืกืื•ื•ืจืขื“ื ื™ืงื™ื“ื™ื•ื•ืŸืขื ืขื–ื™ื™ื–32 .ื˜ื ื™ื™ื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ื™ื ื˜ืื”ืจื™ืืŸื•ื,ืจื™ืื•ืฆืงื™ืจืขื™ื•ืจื˜ืŸื‘ืื”ืจื™ืž;ืŸืฆื ืื˜ื˜ื™ื  ืŸื˜ืฉืื˜ืื”ืจืข:ื˜ื’ืื–ืจื™ืืŸื•ื;ืŸื™ื™ื•ื•ืŸืขืงื ื•ืจื˜ืขื’ื˜ื™ื ืŸื•ืื˜ื™ื•ืจื‘ืŸืกืขื˜ื™ื ืŸืขืžื•ืงืขื’ื–ื™ืื˜ืกื™ื˜ืคืื‘ืจืขื“ืŸื ื—ื•ื™ืื™ืจืื•ื•33

,ื”ืจื•ื ืžืืฃื™ื•ืืกืขืœืขื˜ืฉืจืขื‘ื;ื˜ืขื‘ืืจืขื˜ื ื•ืืกืขื˜ื’ื™ื™ืœืจืขื“ื,ื™ืœื›ืื˜ื™ืžื™ื–ืŸืงืขื“ื•ืฆ,ื˜ื›ื™ืœืืŸื“ื ื™ืฆืขื’ื ืื˜ืื”ืจืขืŸืขื•ื•,ืจืขื ื™ื™ืง16 .ื˜ื›ื™ืœืกืื“ืŸืขื–ืŸืœืื–ืŸึทืจืืŸืขืžื•ืงืกืื•ื•ื™ื“ื™ื“ื› ืŸื•ืืŸืจืขืฐื˜ืกื•ืฐืื‘ื˜ื™ื ื˜ืขืฐืกืืฐ,ืŸื˜ืœืื”ืื‘ื˜ื™ื ื–ื™ืืšืื–ืŸึทืงืŸื•ื;ืŸืจืขื•ื•ื˜ืงืขืœืคื˜ื ืื˜ื™ื ื˜ืขื•ื•ืกืื•ื•,ื“ื•ืกื–ื™ืื˜ืฉื™ื ืจืื’ืื™ืจืื•ื•17

ืŸืขืžื˜ืขื•ื•ืื™ืืŸื•ืค,ื˜ื™ื ื˜ืื”ืขืกืจืขื•ื•ืŸื•ื;ืŸืจืขื•ื•ืŸื‘ืขื’ืขื’ืื™ืื˜ืขื•ื•,ื˜ืื”ืขืกืจืขื•ื•ืืขืจืื•ื•;ื˜ืจืขื”ืจื™ืื™ื•ื•ืจืขื‘ื™ืจืขื“ืšื™ื–ื˜ื™ื”18 .ืŸื‘ืื”ื•ืฆื˜ื ื™ื™ืžืจืขืกืื•ื•ืกืื“ื•ืœื™ืคืืŸืจืขื•ื•ืŸืขืžื•ื ืขื’ืงืขื•ื•ื .ืงื•ืจื“ื™ื“ืจืืคืื™ืื•ืฆืŸืขืžื•ืงื˜ื ืขืงืขื’ื˜ื™ื ืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื,ืจืขื“ื™ืจื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ืืจืขื˜ื•ืžืŸื™ื™ื–ืื™ืื•ืฆืŸืขืžื•ืงืขื’ืŸืขื ืขื–ื˜ืœืืžืขื“19 ืŸืœื™ื•ื•ืŸื•ื,ืŸืกื™ื•ืจื“ืŸื™ืืŸืขื™ื™ื˜ืฉืจืขื“ื™ืจื‘ืขื ึทื“ืŸื•ืืจืขื˜ื•ืžืŸึทื“:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืŸื‘ืื”ืกืื•ื•ืขืงื™ื ื™ื™ืืšืจื•ื“ืŸืจืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืื™ืื–ื™ืืกืขืŸื•ื20

.ืื™ืืŸื™ืืŸื™ื™ืจืืŸืขื ืขื–ืื™ื“ืฉืขืœื™ืคืœื™ื™ื•ื•,ืŸืื™ื’ืขืœ,ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืจืขืŸื•ื?ืŸืขืžืื ืŸื™ื™ื“ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’,ืื™ืื˜ื’ืขืจืคืขื’ืขืงืฉืื™ืŸื•ื30 .ืื•ื”ืชืŸื™ืืŸึทื’ื•ืฆืกื™ื•ืจืืŸืœืขืคืื‘ื˜ืฉื™ื ื™ื™ื–ืœืื–ืจืข,ืŸื˜ืขื‘ืขื’ืื™ืืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื31 ื™ื™ื–ืœืื–ืจืข,ืŸื˜ืขื‘ืขื’ืื™ืืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื,ื’ืจืื‘ืŸืคื™ื•ืื˜ืจืขื˜ื™ืคืขื’ืšื™ื–ื˜ืื”ืกืื•ื•,ืื™ืจื™ื–ื—ืขืœื™ืคืŸื•ืคืขื“ืื˜ืกืืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืŸื˜ืจืื“ืŸื•ื32

ืŸื™ื™ื“:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืื™ืื•ืฆื˜ืื”ืŸื•ื,ืฉืจื“ืžื”ืชื™ื‘ืืขื“ืŸื•ืคืชื™ื‘ืืขื“ืŸื•ืคื™ืื‘ื’ืืขื“ืŸื•ืคืจืขื ื™ื™ืืื•ื‘ื–ื™ื,ื˜ื“ืขืจืขื’ืšืื ื˜ืื”ืจืขืชืขืฉื‘49 .ืจืื”ืืขื“ื˜ื™ื ื”ืจืฆ;ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื–ื™ืืจืขื˜ื›ืื˜ ื™ื–ืŸื•ื,ืจืื ื˜ื‘ื™ื•ืœื’;ืืจื•ืžืŸื™ื™ืงื˜ื™ื ื˜ืื”:ืŸื’ืื–ื•ืฆื™ื•ื–ื,ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ื ืขืขื’ืื™ืืจืขื˜ืื”,ื˜ืจืขื”ืขื’ืกืื“ื˜ืื”ื—ื™ืฉืžื”ืšืœืžื™ื‘ืจืŸืขื•ื•ืจืขื‘ื50

ืŸื•ืืจืขื˜ืืคืจืขื“ืŸื•ื,ืŸื ื—ื•ื™ืŸื•ื,ื‘ืงืขื™ืŸื•ื,ืกื•ืจื˜ืขืคืฅื•ื—ื,ืŸื™ื™ื’ื ื™ื™ืจืื˜ื–ืืœืขื’ื˜ืฉื™ื ืจืขื ื™ื™ืงืจืขื˜ืื”,ื–ื™ื•ื”ืŸื™ืืŸื™ื™ืจืื–ื™ืืจืขืŸืขื•ื•ืŸื•ื51

ืŸื’ืขื•ื•ื˜ื“ืขืจืขื’ื™ื™ื–ื•ืฆื˜ืื”ืŸื•ื,ืŸืขืžื•ื ืขื’ืคื™ื•ืื™ื™ื–ื˜ืื”ืจืขืŸื•ื,ืŸืขื’ื ืื’ืขื’ื›ืื ืื™ืื–ื™ื,ื˜ืกื•ืื•ื•ืขื’ืกืขืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸืขื•ื•,ืงืœืืคืกืื“ืŸื•ื11

ืจืขื“,ื‘ื™ืœื•ืฆืŸื™ื™ืžืŸื•ืคืŸื‘ืขืœืŸื™ื™ื–ืŸืจื™ืœืจืืคื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืกืจืขื•ื•ืจืขื‘ื;ืกืขืŸืจื™ืœืจืืคื˜ืขื•ื•ืŸื‘ืขืœืŸื™ื™ื–ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื˜ืืจื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืกืจืขื•ื•ืื™ืจืื•ื•24

ืŸื™ื™ื–ืŸื™ืืŸืขืžื•ืงื˜ืขื•ื•ืจืขืŸืขื•ื•,ืŸืขืžืขืฉืšื™ื–ืืšืืšื‘ืจืขื“ื˜ืขื•ื•ืื™ืื˜ื™ืž,ื“ื™ื™ืจืขื ื™ื™ืžืŸื•ืืจื™ืžื˜ื™ืžืŸืขืžืขืฉืšื™ื–ื˜ืขื•ื•ืขืกืจืขื•ื•ืื™ืจืื•ื•26

'.ื”ืชื•ื›ืœืžืกืื“ืŸืขื–ืŸืœืขื•ื•ื™ื™ื–ื–ื™ื‘,ื˜ื™ื•ื˜ืืขื“ืŸื›ื•ื–ืจืืคื˜ื™ื ืŸืœืขื•ื•ืกืื•ื•,ืื“ืŸืขื™ื™ื˜ืฉืกืื•ื•ืขืงื™ื ื™ื™ืืŸืืจืืค,ืŸืžื,ืšื™ื™ืื’ืื–ืšื™ืืจืขื‘ื27 ื•ืฆื’ืจืื‘ืืฃื™ื•ืืฃื™ื•ืจืื–ื™ืืŸื•ื,ื‘ืงืขื™ืŸื•ืืŸื ื—ื•ื™ืŸื•ืืกื•ืจื˜ืขืคืŸืขืžื•ื ืขื’ืจืขื˜ืื”,ื“ื™ื™ืจืขืงื™ื–ืื“ื™ื“ืšืื ื’ืขื˜8ืšืจืขื‘ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืขืŸื•ื28

ืจืขื˜ืืคืŸื™ื™ืžืŸื‘ืืจื’ืื‘ืŸื•ืืŸื™ื™ื’ืจืขื˜ืฉืจืขืจื™ืžืŸื–ืืœ,ืจืื”,ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืจืขืจืขื‘ืืจื™ืžื™ื™ื’:ืŸืจืขื“ื ืืŸืื•ืฆื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืจืขืŸื•ื59

ื˜ื™ื™ื–ืจืขืจืขื“ื ืืจืขื“ืฃื™ื•ืื™ื™ื‘ืจืืคืจืขื–ื™ื,ืŸืขื–ืจืขื“ืื™ืื˜ืื”ืจืขืŸืขื•ื•ืŸื•ื,ื’ืขื•ื•ืืขื“ืŸื™ืืŸื”ื›ืกื™ื•ื•ืขื’ืืคืืจืื–ื™ืืœืืคื•ืฆืšืจื•ื“ืŸื•ื31 .ื˜ื™ื™ื–ืจืขืจืขื“ื ืืจืขื“ืŸื•ืคืŸืขื’ื ืื’ืขื’ื›ืจื•ื“ื–ื™ืืŸื•ื,ื˜ืงื•ืงืขื’ืื™ืื˜ืื”ืŸื•ื,ื˜ืจืืืขื“ืŸื™ืืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืจืขืŸืขื•ื•,ื™ื•ืœืืื•ื‘ื–ื™ืื™ื•ื–ืืŸื•ื32 ืื™ืืฃื™ื•ืืชื•ื ืžื—ืจืจืขื˜ืื”,ืŸืขื–ืขื’ืื™ืื˜ืื”ืจืขืŸืขื•ื•ืŸื•ื,ืŸืจืืคืขื’ื–ื™ืืจืขื™ื•ื•ืŸืขื’ื ืื’ืขื’ื–ื™ืื™ื ื•ืจืžื•ืฉืจืขืกื™ื•ื•ืขื’ืืจืขื‘ื33

ื‘ื•ื‘ื–-ืœืขื‘ืšืจื•ื“ืื™ื“ืฉืกืฑืจืื‘ื™ื’ืšื™ืื–ื,ื˜ื’ืื–ืจื™ืืœึทืฐ?ืŸื™ื™ื˜ืฉืชื•ื›ืœืžืŸื™ื™ื–ื˜ืขื•ื•ื™ื•ื•,ืšื™ื–ืŸื’ืขืงื˜ืœื™ื™ื˜ืขืฆื–ื™ืืŸื˜ืฉืšื™ื•ืื‘ื™ื•ื18 .ืจืขื˜ื›ื™ืจืขืจืขึทืืŸึทื–ึทื–ืŸืœืขืฐืื•ืจื“?ืŸื™ื–ืขืจืขื™ื™ืื™ื™ื–ืŸื‘ื™ื™ืจื“ืŸืขืžืขื•ื•ืšืจื•ื“,ืŸื•ื‘ื–-ืœืขื‘ืšืจื•ื“ืื™ื“ืฉืกื™ื•ืจืื‘ื™ืจื“ืšื™ืื‘ื™ื•ืืŸื•ื19

.ืŸืขืฉืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืขืŸื•ื;ืฅื™ื”ืŸื™ื™ื–ื˜ืขื•ื•ืกืข:ืจื™ืื˜ื’ืื–,ืŸื–ืืœื‘ื˜ื ื™ื•ื•-ืื•ืจื“ืืขื“ื˜ืขื–ืจื™ืื–ืืŸื•ื55 ?ืœืืžืืขื“ืŸืขื ืขืงืจืขื“ื˜ื™ื ืŸืื˜ืจื™ืื–ืืกืขื–ื™ืื™ื•ื•ืจืขื‘ื;ื“ืจืขืจืขื“ืŸื•ืคืŸื•ืืœืžื™ื”ืŸื•ืคืื™ื ืคืืขื“ืŸืขื ืขืงืจืขื“ื˜ื ืขืงืจื™ื,ืื™ืคื ื•ื—ืจื™ื56

ืŸื•ืคืŸืขืžื•ืงืžื•ืืœืื–ืื™ื‘ื ืื–ื,ืŸื™ื™ื–ื˜ืฉื™ื ืŸืขืงืกืขืœื™ื™ื•ื•,ืืขื“ื›ืื ื’ืื˜ืืขื“ืŸื•ื,ืŸื’ืจืืžืŸื•ืื˜ื ื™ื™ื”ืŸื™ื™ื’ืšื™ืื–ื•ืžืŸื’ืขื•ื•ื˜ืกืขื“ื ื•ืค33

ืŸืขืžืขื ื•ืฆื”ืฉื•ื‘ื˜ื™ืžืŸืื˜ืกื‘ื™ื™ื”ื•ื“ืŸื•ื;ื˜ืจืืŸืงื™ื–ืื“ืืขื“ื‘ื™ื’:ืจื™ื“ื•ืฆืŸื’ืื–ืŸื•ืืŸืขืžื•ืง,ืŸืœื™ื•ืคืื‘ืื™ืืŸื•ืืจื™ื“ื˜ืื”ืกืื•ื•,ืจืขื“ืŸื•ื9

ืœืื–,ืŸืขืžื•ืงื˜ืขื•ื•ืŸืœืขืคืื‘ืจื™ื“ื˜ืื”ืกืื•ื•ืจืขื“ืŸืขื•ื•ื–ื;ืจืขืžื™ืฆืŸื˜ืฉืจืขื˜ื ื•ืืืขื“ืŸื™ืืšื™ื–ื˜ืฆืขื–ืŸื•ืื™ื™ื’,ืŸืœืขืคืื‘ื˜ืกื™ื‘ื•ื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืจืขื‘ื10

ืŸืคืจืื“ืกืื•ื•,ืงื™ื“ืฆ99ืจืขื‘ื™ืื™ื•ื•ืจืขืž,ื”ื‘ื•ืฉืชื˜ื•ื˜ืกืื•ื•,ืจืขืงื™ื“ื ื™ื–ืŸื™ื™ืืจืขื‘ื™ืื“ื™ื™ืจืคืŸื™ื™ื–ื˜ืขื•ื•ืœืžื™ื”ืŸื™ืืšื™ื•ืื–ื,ืšื™ื™ืื’ืื–ืšื™ื7

ืŸื•ื,ื–ืฑื”ืกืื“ื˜ืจืขื–ืขื‘ืŸื•ื,ื˜ื›ื™ืœืืŸืื˜ืฉื™ื ื˜ื“ื ื™ืฆ,ืงื™ื˜ืฉืŸื™ื™ืื˜ืจื™ืœืจืืคื™ื–ื‘ื™ื•ื,ืงื™ื˜ืฉืจืขื‘ืœื™ื–ืŸืขืฆื˜ืื”ืกืื•ื•,ื™ื•ืจืคืืกืื•ื•ืจืขื“ื8 ?ืกืขื˜ืคืขืจื˜ื™ื–ื–ื™ื‘ื’ื ื•ื‘ืขืจื˜ืฉื˜ื›ื•ื– ื‘ืื”ืšื™ืืื•ืจืืฐ;ืจื™ืžื˜ื™ืžืšื™ื–ื™ื™ืจืค:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืŸื•ื,ืื™ื ื›ืฉืขืจื™ืืŸื•ืืื™ืจื‘ื—ืขืจื™ืืฃื™ื•ื ื•ืฆืšื™ื–ื™ื–ื˜ืคื•ืจ,ืŸืขื ื•ืคืขื’ืกืขื˜ืื”ื™ื–ื–ืืŸื•ื9

ื˜ืฉื™ื ืกื™ื™ื•ื•ืšื™ื?ืื™ืืŸืœื™ื•ืคืื‘ืŸืขื ืขื–ืกืื•ื•ืŸื›ืื–ื™ื“ืŸืื˜ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืจืขืœื™ื™ื•ื•,ื˜ื›ืขื ืงืืขื ืขื™ืŸืขืงื ืื“ืจืขื˜ืื”ื™ืฆ9 ืŸื‘ืื”ืจื™ืž;ื˜ื›ืขื ืงืงื™ื“ื•ื•ืขืจืขื ืŸืขื ืขื–ืจื™ืž:ืŸื’ืื–,ืจื™ืืŸืœื™ื•ืคืื‘ืŸืขื ืขื–ืกืื•ื•ืŸื›ืื–ื™ื“ืขืœืืŸืื˜ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืจื™ืืŸืขื•ื•,ืจื™ืืšื™ื•ืื™ื•ื–ืื™ื•ื–ื10

ื˜ื™ื ืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื,ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ืคืŸื’ืจืื‘ืจืืคืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืื˜ืจืื•ื•ืขืงื™ื–ืื“ืกืื“ืŸื•ื,ืŸื›ืื–ืขืงื™ื–ืื“ื™ื“ืŸื•ืคืŸืขื ืื˜ืฉืจืืคื˜ืฉื™ื ืจืื’ืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื34

ืœื™ื™ื•ื•;ืŸืจืขื“ื ืืŸืคืฑืืŸึทื˜ืฉืŸึทืืจื™ื“ืŸื™ืืŸื–ืืœืจืขื‘ื™ืื˜ื™ื ืŸืœืื–ึทื–ืŸื•ื;ืจื™ื“ืŸื™ืืจืขื“ื ื™ืงืขื ื™ื™ื“ืŸื•ื,ื“ืจืขืจืขื“ื˜ื™ืžื‘ื›ืฉืšื™ื“ื˜ืขื•ื•ืŸื•ื44 .ืšื•ื–ืื‘ืŸื™ื™ื“ืŸื•ืคื˜ื™ื™ืฆื™ื“ื˜ืกื•ืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ืฉื™ื ื˜ืกืื”ื•ื“ ;ื˜ืคื™ื•ืงืขื’ืŸื‘ืื”ืกืื•ื•ื™ื“ืŸื•ื,ืื™ืืŸื™ืืŸืคื™ื•ืงืจืืคืกืื•ื•ื™ื“ืŸื‘ื™ื™ืจื˜ืกื™ื•ืจืืŸื‘ื™ื•ื”ืขื’ื ืื˜ืื”ืŸื•ื,ืœื›ื™ื”ืŸื™ืืŸืขื’ื ืื’ืขื’ื ืœืจืื–ื™ืืจืขืŸื•ื45 ืŸื•ืคืœื™ื™ื”ืืจืืคื˜ื›ืืžืขื’ืกืขื˜ืื”ืจื™ืืจืขื‘ื,ื”ืœื™ืคืชืชื™ื‘ืกืื“ื–ื™ืืกื™ื™ื”ืŸื™ื™ืž:ืŸื‘ื™ืจืฉืขื’ื˜ื™ื™ื˜ืฉืกืข:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ื™ื™ื–ื•ืฆื˜ืื”ืจืขืŸื•ื46

.ืจืขื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸื™ื™ื–ื•ืฆืŸืขืžืื–ืŸื™ื™ื˜ืฉืคื™ื•ืืŸื•ื,ื‘ื™ื™ื•ื•ืŸื™ื™ื–ืŸืขืžืขื ืจืขื“ื•ืจื‘ืŸื™ื™ื–ืœืื–,ืจืขื“ื ื™ืง

ื™ื•ืจืคื™ื“ืŸื‘ืจืื˜ืฉืขื’ืšื™ื•ืื–ื™ืืขืœืืŸื•ืคืขื˜ืฆืขืœืกืื“ืŸื•ื32 .ื‘ึทืฐืืจืืคื˜ืื”ืขื’ื™ื–ื˜ืื”ืŸื‘ื™ื–ืื•ืจืืฐ?ื™ื–ื–ื™ืื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ืคื‘ื™ื™ื•ื•ืกืขืžืขื•ื•,ืื™ืชืžื”ืชื™ื—ืชืŸื™ื,ืจืขื‘ื™ืจืขื“33 ื”ื ื•ืชื—ืŸืจืขื•ื•ืŸื•ื,ื”ื ื•ืชื—ืŸื‘ืื”ื˜ืœืขื•ื•ืจืขืงื™ื–ืื“ืจืขื“ืŸื•ืคืจืขื“ื ื™ืงื™ื“:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืŸื•ื,ื˜ืจืขืคื˜ื ืขืขื’ื™ื™ื–ื•ืฆื˜ืื”ื—ื™ืฉืžื”ืšืœืžื™ื‘ืจืŸื•ื34

?ืŸืขืฉืขื’ื˜ืขืฐืŸื›ืื–ืขืงื™ื–ืื“ื™ื“ืŸืขืฐ,ืŸึทื–ื˜ืขืฐืกืืฐืŸื•ื?ืŸื™ื™ื–ืกืื“ื˜ืขื•ื•ืŸืขื•ื•ืจืขื‘ื,ืจืื”:ืŸื’ืื–ื•ืฆื™ื•ื–ื,ื˜ื’ืขืจืคืขื’ืื™ืืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื7 ;ื—ื™ืฉืžืŸื™ื‘ืšื™ื:ืŸื’ืื–ืŸื•ื,ืŸืขืžืื ืŸื™ื™ืžืŸื™ืืŸืขืžื•ืงืŸืœืขื•ื•ืขืœื™ืคืœื™ื™ื•ื•;ืŸืจืขื•ื•ื˜ืจื™ืคืจืืคื˜ื™ื ื˜ืœืื–ืจื™ืื–ื,ืšื™ื™ืื˜ื™ื”:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืจืขืŸื•ื8

ื˜ื ืขืื ื–ื™ืื”ืžืžืฉืจื™ืื–ืืŸืกื™ื•ื•ื˜ืœืืžืขื“,ืชื•ืื‘ืฆื˜ื™ืžื˜ืœื’ื ื™ืจืขื’ืžื•ืจืืื™ืœืฉื•ืจื™ืŸืขื–ื˜ืขื•ื•ืจื™ืืŸืขื•ื•ืŸื•ื20 ื˜ื™ื ืŸืœืื–ืจืขื“ื ืขืœื™ื“ืŸื™ืืกืืฐื™ื“ืŸื•ื;ืจื™ืืŸื™ืืกืืฐื™ื“ืŸึทื’ืกืฑืจืืŸืœืื–ืŸื•ื;ื’ืจืขื‘ื™ื“ื•ืฆืŸืคื™ื•ืœื˜ื ืื”ื“ื•ื”ื™ืŸื™ืืกืื•ื•ื™ื“ืŸืœืื–ื˜ืœืืžืขื“21

.ืšืื–ืขืงื™ื–ืื“ื™ื“ื”ึดืขืœืื–ืกืื•ื•,ืกืื“ื–ื™ืื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ืคืจืขื•ื•,ืšื™ื–ืŸืฉื™ื•ื•ืฆืŸึถืจืคื•ืฆืŸื‘ื™ื•ื”ืขื’ื ืืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื23

ืŸืฉื™ื•ื•ืฆืŸื™ื‘ืšื™ืืจืขื‘ื?ืŸืกืขื•ืฆื˜ืฆื™ื–ืกืื•ื•,ืจืขื“ื˜ื™ื ื–ื™ื?ื˜ื ื™ื“ืกืื•ื•,ืจืขื“ืจืขื“ื,ืจืขืกืขืจื’,ืŸืกืขืื•ืฆื˜ืฆื™ื–ืกืื•ื•,ืจืขื“ื–ื™ืื™ืฆืืขืจืื•ื•27

.ืŸืฉื•ืงื•ืฆืื™ืืขืงืฉืื™ื•ืฆื˜ื ืขืขื ืขื’ื–ื™ืืŸื•ื,ื™ื™ื–

?ืฉื•ืงืื˜ื™ืžืืšืืšื‘ืจืขื“ื•ื“ื˜ืืจืจืืค,ื”ื“ื•ื”ื™:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืื™ืื•ืฆื˜ืื”ืขื•ืฉื™ืจืขื‘ื48 ืจืขื“ื˜ื™ืžืŸื’ืืœืฉืจื™ืžืŸืœืื–,ืจืื”:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืื™ืื•ืฆื™ื™ื–ืŸื‘ืื”,ืŸื’ืœืืคื˜ืขื•ื•ืกืื•ื•ืŸืขื–ืขื’ืŸื‘ืื”,ืื™ืืื•ืจืืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ืŸืขื ื™ื™ื–ืกืื•ื•ื™ื“ืŸืขื•ื•ืŸื•ื49

ื˜ืžื™ืจืงืขื’ืŸืื”ืจืขื“ื˜ืื”,ื˜ื“ืขืจืขื’ืšืื ื˜ืื”ืจืขืชืขืฉื‘,ืฃื›ื™ืชืŸื•ืื˜ื’ืื–ื•ื“ืกืื•ื•ื˜ืฉื™ื ืกื™ื™ื•ื•ืšื™ื,ืฉื˜ื ืขืž:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ื˜ืื”ืกื•ืจื˜ืขืคืŸื•ื60

ืื™ืืŸื‘ืื”ืŸื•ื,ืŸืขืžืื–ื•ืฆืŸืขื ืขื–ืื™ืจืคื•ืกื™ื“ืŸื•ืืื™ื ื”ื›-ื™ืฉืืจื™ื“ืŸื•ืืงืœืืคืืขื“ืŸื•ืคืขื˜ืกื˜ืœืขื™ื“,ื’ืื˜ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืขืจืื ื™ื•ื•ืŸื•ื66

,ืงืœืืคืกืื“ืŸื•ืืื™ืจืฉื™ื“ืŸื•ืืื™ื ื”ื›ื™ืฉืืจื™ื“ืŸืขืคื•ืจืขื’ืžืื–ื•ืฆื˜ืื”ืจืขืŸืขื•ื•,ืกื•ื˜ืืœื™ืคืŸื•ื13

ืจืืคืŸื™ื™ื•ื•ื˜ืจืขื™ื™ื ,ืจื™ืžืฃื™ื•ืื˜ืฉื™ื ื˜ื ื™ื™ื•ื•,ืื™ืœืฉื•ืจื™ืŸื•ืคืจืขื˜ื›ืขื˜ื™ื“:ื˜ื’ืื–ืขื’ืŸื•ื,ื™ื™ื–ื•ืฆืŸื“ื ืขื•ื•ืšื™ื–ื˜ืื”ื—ื™ืฉืžื”ืšืœืžื™ื‘ืจืจืขื‘ื28

.ืŸืจืขื•ื•ื•ืฆื˜ื™ื•ื˜ื•ืฆืื™ืื˜ื™ืžื˜ืจื™ืคืขื’,ืื™ืขืฉืจ,ืขืจืขื“ื ืื™ื™ื•ื•ืฆืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ืšื™ื•ืืŸืขื ืขื–ืกืขืŸื•ื32 ื™ื“ืŸื•ืคืจืขื ื™ื™ื,ืื™ืขืฉืจื™ื“ืŸื•ื,ืื™ืื˜ืงื™ืฆื™ื™ืจืงืขื’ื˜ืจืื“ื™ื™ื–,ื™ืจืื•ื•ืœืืงืŸืคื•ืจืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืื•ื•,ื˜ืจืืืขื“ื•ืฆืŸืขืžื•ืงืขื’ืŸืขื ืขื–ื™ื™ื–ืŸืขื•ื•ืŸื•ื33

ืŸืขื–ืขื’ืŸื‘ืื”ืŸื•ื,ืŸื˜ื™ื™ื•ื•ืจืขื“ืŸื•ืคืŸืขื ืื˜ืฉืขื’ืŸืขื ืขื–,ืœื™ืœื’ืŸื•ืคืŸืขื’ื ืื’ืขื’ื›ืื ืื™ืืŸืขื ืขื–ืกืื•ื•,ืŸืขื™ื•ืจืคื™ื“ืŸื•ื,ืขื˜ื ืืงืื‘ืขื ื™ื™ื–ืขืœืืŸื•ื49

.ืจืขื˜ื›ืขืจืขื’ืืŸื•ืืจืขื˜ื•ื’ืืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืจืขืŸื•ื;ืฅืขื•ื™ื,ืฃืกื•ื™ืŸืขืžืื ืŸื˜ื™ืžืŸืืžืืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืื˜ืืŸื•ื50 ืกืื•ื•,ืŸื“ื™ืื™ื“ืŸื•ืคื˜ืื˜ืฉื,ืืขื”ื˜ื™ืžืจืืŸื•ืคืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืจืข;)ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ืคื”ืฉืขืžืŸื•ืื”ืฆืขื™ื“ื•ืฆืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ืื™ื›ืกืžื˜ื™ื ื˜ืื”ืจืขื‘ืœืขื–ืจืขื“51(

ืŸึทืจืื–ื™ืืจืขืŸื•ืืŸื‘ื™ืœื‘ืจืืคื–ื™ืืื•ื™ืจืขื“ืŸื•ื,ื‘ืจึถื–ื™ืืกืขืืขืจืื•ื•,ื–ื“ื ื•ืื˜ื™ืžื‘ื™ื™ืœื‘:ืŸื’ืื–ื•ืฆื™ื•ื–ื,ืŸื’ื ื™ื•ื•ืฆืขื’ืื™ืืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืจืขื‘ื29

ืŸื•ื,ืŸื›ืืจื‘ืขืฆื˜ืื”ืŸื•ื,ื˜ืฉื˜ื ืขื‘ืขื’ืกืขื˜ืื”ืŸื•ื,ื˜ืฑืจื‘ืŸืขืžื•ื ืขื’ืจืขื˜ืื”,ื™ื™ื–ื˜ื™ืžืŸืกืขื•ืฆืŸืกืขื–ืขื’ื–ื™ืืจืขื™ื•ื•,ืŸืขื•ื•ืขื’ื–ื™ืืกืขืŸื•ื30

.ืŸื’ื™ื•ืืขืจืขื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ืคืŸืจืื•ื•ืขื’ืŸื“ื ื•ืื•ื•ืฉืจืืคื–ื™ืืจืขืŸื•ื;ื˜ื ืขืงืขื’ืื™ืืŸื‘ืื”ื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื,ืŸืจืื•ื•ืขื’ื˜ื ืคืขืขื’ืŸืขื ืขื–ืŸื’ื™ื•ืืขืจืขื™ื™ื–ืŸื•ื31

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