Four Pillars | Terengganu Boat Museum by ibadmf

FOUR PILLARS TERENGGANU BOAT MUSEUM

SRD 766 Architecture Design Masterclass | 2016 Supervisor: Dr. David Beynon

‘Four Pillars’ is triggered by the current issue of endangered boat-making industry in Duyong Island which located in Terengganu, the east coast part of the Malaysia Peninsular. It is aimed to create a museum devoted to the Duyong Island’s heritage that is struggling with challenges over recent years. The project will be part of the new redevelopment of Kuala Terengganu (KTCC redevelopment project) in promoting tourism. Four Pillars creates attention and to raise society’s awareness regarding current situation of the boat-building production. The project will be functioned as a learning centre as well as to archive the valuable knowledge of the Terengganu traditional boat-building.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT This design project would not have been possible if had not beenfor the effort of many individuals; lecturers, A+B workshop staffs, friends and parents. First and foremost my gratitude goes to Dr. David Beynon, who without exception has kindly share his knowledge, and expertise in supervising this â&#x20AC;&#x153;Four Pillarsâ&#x20AC;? project. I am thankful for his aspiring opinions and guidance, and friendly advice throughout 12 weeks of Trimester 2-2016. The second wave of recognition goes to Mr. James Coulson for his supportive feedbacks during review sessions. I would also like to thank A+B workshop staffs especially Mr. Des Walters and Mr. Greg Shields for their help and kind services throughout this project. Finally, and most warmly, my caring gratitude goes to my classmates and parents, for their encouragement and support.

SINKING TREASURES History has proven that Terengganu, an East Coast state of Peninsular Malaysia, is famous for its tradition of sailors over the years. Duyong Island (Pulau Duyong), which located in Terengganu is well known due to its traditional boat building industry. The island which consists of few villages (kampung) has about 50 traditional boat-making workshops during 1960s to 1970s. The condition is very different nowadays where only four of them survive.

TERENGGANU

Map of Malaysia

This proud local tradition of Duyong Island is very unique especially in terms of its craftsmanship and traditional knowledge that are used in producing the boat. Boats are created mostly using basic tools and without referring to any blueprints. Such irreplaceable skills and art has once attracted boat enthusiasts from around the world such as Germany, England, Australia, Italy and France.

Currently, this beautiful tradition are struggling with few challenges such as rising price of raw material versus cheaper fiberglass, licenses issue, and lack of skilled craftsmen. These threats have affected the industry and it become more obvious when lesser boat order is received over the past few years. With only four workshops left, this Duyong Island’s heritage might be vanished one day.

KUALA TERENGGANU

Map of Terengganu

“I also worried about it (the Duyong Island’s heritage). Because until now I don’t have work” Dr. Haji Abdullah Muda, an expert in traditional boat-making (2015)

ECONOMIC TRANSFORMATION Terengganu has been relying on petroleum as its main economic sector for decades. However, due to the decline of global oil prices, the state government has given priority to other three sectors which are tourism, agriculture and biotechnology. Kuala Terengganu City Center (KTCC) which is a major redevelopment project has been developed to strengthen the image of

Kuala Terengganu as a vibrant Heritage Waterfront City. The KTCC Masterplan project will act as a catalyst in attracting local and foreign tourists to experience an urban development combining with age old tradition and cultural heritage. It will offer diverse and unique tourism attractions in areas of mainland and sustainable island tourism, ecotourism, urban tourism, and cultural and

heritage tourism. The traditional vehicles (river taxi and trishaw) will play as important roles especially for this tourism sector, as unique means of transportation in Terengganu. On May 23 2016, RM500,000 (approximately AUD167,000) has been provided by the state government to restore the conditions of these vehicles.

1 2 3 4 5 6

North & South Breakwater (ongoing) Dataran Shahbandar, Waterfront and Chinatown (ongoing) Heritage Island, Resorts, and Monsoon Cup Venue (ongoing) Islamic Heritage Park (completed - 3 February 2008) Proposed Third Bridge through Sekati Island (ongoing) Bukit Besar New Administrative Centre (ongoing)

2 3

INTERVENTION SITE

Artistâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s impression or the North & South Breakwater

Source: East Asia Global Alliance

PRESERVE Terengganu is endowed with unmatched natural beauty, and rich with myriads of customs and traditions, upheld through generations and visible in its way of life, its arts and handicrafts, its traditional culinary and its heritage. Within Malaysia, Terengganu is mostly well-known with its beautiful traditional fabric (batik and songket) and also in wood craftsmanship (wood carving, furniture, and

traditional boat). Most of these traditional practices and skills have a specific learning centre as a way to preseve and attract domestic and international tourists. However, there is no special centre for the traditional boat-making in Terengganu. Currently, most of the boat enthusiasts and researchers need to find boat-building workshops which are located separately on Duyong Island.

1 Batik fabric 2 Noor Arfa Craft Complex for batik fabric

3 Batik making process 4 Songket fabric

Some of them manage to discover the place while some are not. This is due to the characteristic of the small roads which is confusing. Preservation of unique traditions can be considered as part of Terengganuâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s culture nowadays. Hence, a centre to preserve and learn about this dying heritage is proposed.

5 Tuanku Nur Zahirah Complex for songket fabric 6 Songket weaving process

7 Wood carving 8 Desa Ukiran Kayu for wood carving

9 Woodworking using chisel

Public Local tourists Foreign tourists Boat enthusiasts Researchers Students

EDUCATE

Public Local tourists Foreign tourists Boat enthusiasts Researchers Students

EXHIBIT

FACILITATE

Boat-makers /Craftsmen Public Local tourists Foreign tourists Boat enthusiasts Researchers Students

AIM & DESIGN OBJECTIVES The aim of this project is to create a museum devoted to the Duyong Island’s heritage, that is struggling with challenges over recent years. This proposed museum will become part of the Heritage Island of KTCC redevelopment project - in promoting tourism. The Terengganu Boat Museum will creates attention and raise society’s awareness regarding the endangered boat-making industry. The project need to act as a learning centre forthe dying art, and “archive” for the valuable knowledge of

Terengganu traditional boat-building. “Archive” here will refer to the exhibition space, and workshop space for experiential involvement with boat-making techniques and process. The workshop space need to be facilitated with available methods which will helps the traditional process of boat-making. In a way that pushes architectural design and ideas forward, the issue raised is how the unique tradition (techniques, process, elements, characteristics, etc.) might be transposed into space, in a way that potentiates a better understanding and learning environment for local and foreign visitors.

The project also challenges the architectural design to adapt regional style of the East coast of Malaysia, which has been mostly utilised for contemporary architecture all over the state including the existing Museum of Terengganu. However, this project requires an exploration for a new way of complying the regional identity into the museum design.

â&#x20AC;&#x153;The interior space of the house is understand to represents the inner body of the female parter (wife) and her personal characteristics. The internal measurement is referring to the size of the wife anthropologyâ&#x20AC;? Awang Lah et al. 2014

REGIONAL IDENTITY Different styles of Malay traditional houses across Malaysia has been widely used mostly on modern buildings during 1950s and 1960s, with a Regionalism approach. For Terengganu, two main traditional house types are usually adapted - Rumah Bujang (Bachelor House) or Rumah Tiang Enam (Six-pillars House), and Rumah Tele (Tele House) or Rumah Tiang Dua Belas (Twelve-pillars House).

The curved gable ends that is not found in any other regions in Malaysia is said to represent the hull of a fishing boat or a water dragon (Chua 2015, p. 13). However, most of the contemporary buildings that applying the regional style were literally an enlarged scale of the traditional houses. Some buildings are only installed with special elements of traditional Malay houses such as the decorative timber wall panels, and ornaments.

MONSOON CUP VENUE

RIVER TAXI DOCK

NORTH & SOUTH BREAKWATER

RIVER TAXI DOCK RIVER TAXI DOCK

TERE NGG ANU RIVE R

WATERFRONT

CHINATOWN

DUYONG ISLAND RIVER TAXI DOCK

KUALA TERENGGANU CBD

200m

RIVER

DB GE RID

RIVER TAXI DOCK

U HM

TERENGGAN U

N LTA

INTERVENTION SITE

CRYSTAL MOSQUE LEGEND

ISLAMIC HERITAGE PARK

TRADITIONAL BOAT WORKSHOPS

200m

SITE

The site chosen to develop the project is placed on an island (Haji Siah Island) next to the place where this tradition is originated - Duyong Island. On an urban point of view, the intervention site can complement the Crystal Mosque, whichis one of Terengganu’s

landmark that is located on the other side of Sultan Mahmud Bridge. The location also aims to promote the use of river taxi (small boat) that are located nearby, as one of important transportations in Terengganu.

TOTAL LAND AREA: 7622sqm GOOGLE MAPS: 5.326895, 103.125669 GEOGRAPHICAL COORDINATES: 5 19’ 36.822” N, 103 7’ 32.4084” E

The site is located near Sultan Mahmud Bridge that connects Northern Kuala Terengganu and Southern Kuala Terengganu. As the traffic density along the bridge is high, it will gives opportunity for more people to view the proposed project within the journey along the road. TRAFFIC DENSITY

High Low

ROAD DIAGRAM

NOT TO SCALE

126

000

600

127

LAND AREA: 7622sqm

42200

10100

41600

30100

SITE PLAN

1 : 1000

SECTIONS

1 : 1000

N 340

Terengganu has tropical climate with constant temperature and high humidity. The amount of rainfall varies according to the monsoon season. It is generally fairly hot and humid all year round (28°C-30°C) in daytime and slightly cooler after dusk. Nevertheless, the sea breeze moderates the humidity in the offshore areas.

10 20

320

30 40 300

19 18

60 17

280

21 JUNE SOLSTICE 21 MAY / JULY

21 APRIL / AUGUST

21 MARCH / SEPTEMBER

100

260

21 FEBRUARY / OCTOBER

21 JANUARY / NOVEMBER 21 DECEMBER SOLSTICE

240

120

220

140

200

160

S 50m

SUN PATH ANALYSIS The sun orientation of the site is rising from the east (facing the Kuala Terengganu CBD) around 7am and the sunset is about 7pm (facing Duyong Island). Most of the site area is exposed directly to the sun as there is no surrounding buildings that overshadowing the intervention site.

AVERAGE TEMPERATURE

35 °C 32.5 °C 30 °C

29°C

30°C

31°C

25 days 30°C 30°C 30°C 30°C 29°C

27.5 °C 27°C 25 °C 23°C 23°C

22.5 °C

24°C

CLOUDY AND SUNNY DAYS

30 days

20 days 28°C 27°C

25°C 25°C 25°C 25°C 25°C 25°C 25°C 24°C

15 days 10 days

23°C

5 days 0 days

20 °C Jan

Feb Mar Apr

Mean daily maximum

May Jun Hot days

Jul

Aug

Sep Oct Nov

Mean daily minimum

Dec

Cold nights

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr Sunny

May

Jun

Jul

Partly cloudy

Aug

Sep

Oct

Overcast

Nov

Dec

N NNW

NNE

1000

NE 0 km/h

SOUTHWEST MONSOON SEASON MAY - SEPTEMBER

>1 km/h WNW

ENE

500

>5 km/h

5.6 - 7.6 knots 10.4 - 14.0 km/h

>12 km/h 0

NORTHEAST MONSOON SEASON

>28 km/h

NOVEMBER - MARCH

< 15.0 knots < 28.0 km/h

>19 km/h

>38 km/h WSW

ESE

>50 km/h >61 km/h

SE SSW

SSE

S 50m

WIND ANALYSIS Though the wind is generally light and variable, there are, however, some uniform periodic changes in the wind flow patterns. Based on these changes, four seasons can be distinguished, namely, the Southwest Monsoon, Northeast Monsoon, and two shorter periods on Inter-monsoon seasons.

WIND SPEED

30 days 25 days

25 days

20 days

15 days

10 days

5 days

0 days

0 days Jan

PRECIPITATION AMOUNTS

30 days

Feb >5

Mar

Apr >12

May >19

Jun

Jul >28

Aug >38

Sep

Oct >50

Nov

Dec

>61 km/h

Jan >100mm

Feb

50-100mm

Mar

Apr

20-50mm

May

Jun

10-20mm

Jul

Aug

5-10mm

Sep

Oct

2-5mm

Nov <2mm

Dec Dry Days

LANDMARKS / NODES + VISTAS

1. CRYSTAL MOSQUE

2. DUYONG ISLAND

3. WATERFRONT

4. CHINATOWN

5. ISLAMIC HERITAGE PARK

6. MONSOON CUP VENUE

7. PAYANG MARKET

8. TERENGGANU MUSEUM

9. ISTANA MAZIAH

10. PAYA BUNGA SQUARE

11. STADIUM NASIRUDDIN SHAH

7 4 3 2

10 11 500m

500m

ACCESSIBILITY Since the proposed museum is part of tourism purposes, the aspect of accessibility is important to make feasible for tourists. Together with the state governmentâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s aim of promoting traditional transportations (river taxi and trishaw) as unique way of travelling Terengganu, the project is located within the existing route of river cruise/taxi as shown in the diagram below. The museum will creates new station for the route of experiencing water procession along Terengganu River.

Kampung Seberang Takir

1. TTI River Cruise/Taxi Station TTI River Cruise/Taxi (Travels from Islamic Heritage Park to Waterfront or vice versa)

3 2

Public Station for River Cruise/Taxi Small Boat Dock Existing Route for TTI River Cruise Existing Route for River Taxi to Seberang Takir

2. Waterfront River Cruise/Taxi Station

3. River Taxi Station to Seberang Takir

500m

SITE IMAGES Views from the Sultan Mahmud Bridge

SITE IMAGES River Taxi Dock (Counter Ticket)

PROGRAM

(TOTAL GFA - 4580 sqm)

Reception Hall / Lobby - 315 sqm Here is placed the public access, an area with services for the visitor such as Reception Area, Lounge, and Gift Shop. This acts as a transitional space between the exterior and the interior of the building.

Exhibition Rooms - 1500 sqm This is the area ranked higher in the hierarchy of the project. It is composed by three galleries and two multifunctional rooms.

Lecture Theatre - 100 sqm A space for presentations, and film projections for a capacity of 40 seated spectators.

Classrooms - 128 sqm Two classrooms are intended for a formal learning of the Duyong Islandâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s heritage. The capacity is 25 seated peple in each classrom.

Workshop - 900 sqm This is the area for the boat-making process to be shown. The workshop need to be designed so that it can also be used for real life projects. Workshops are consisted by assembly area, material cutting section, storage, drying area, wood bending area, and loading area.

Library - 110 sqm A space to archive resources and book collections regarding the heritage of Duyong Island.

Cafeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; - 100 sqm

Administration - 200 sqm Composed by general offices, a reception, a small meeting room and a pantry.

Praying Room (Surau) - 70 sqm Services - 200 sqm Utilities, Cleaning facilities - 100 sqm In each level compartments should be considered for the needs of maintenance.

Circulation (30%) - 1057 sqm Boat Docks Dock with a capacity of five boats per session (river taxi, and river cruise).

DESIGN CONCEPT & EXPLORATIONS

RE-INTERPRETATION OF TRADITIONAL HOUSE IN MUSEUM DESIGN Rumah Tiang Enam (Six-pillars House), and Rumah Tiang Dua Belas (Twelve-pillars House) have been recognised by Malaysian as identity of region for Terengganu. These two types of traditional house have been used for most of buildings in Terengganu. The best example is the Terengganu State Museum where the design are literally an enlargement of Terengganu traditional house. This museum has keep the form of traditional house but not its sustainable and cultural concept (i.e. ventilation, space function). These unique identity of Terengganu (i.e. the traditional houses) however can be used and interpreted in different way - where the form might be different but still retaining the concepts (hierarchy of space, function, sustainability).

Terengganu State Museum

Parts of Traditional Houses in Terengganu (i.e. Twelve pillars and Six Pillars) are representation of traditional boat elements. These are due to strong relationship between local and the sea - as most of them work as fisherman. Many describe traditional boats are resulted from the theory where ocean has the major source of living; and as a medium to return to their ancestors. Djauhari Sumintardja (1989) explains the connection between the beliefs and the architecture of traditional house: “From the baby’s craddle till the coffin, the form is based on the boat. As well as the crown (roof) of house and the decoration of women’s eyebrows. The names of house elements are based on the names of boat parts (wall=sail; front=front stem; rear=rear stem; main post=mast). The stairs and ‘balur’ underneath house are also designed nearly similar to boat ” (Sumintardja 1989, pp. 681-682).

TRADITIONAL SMALL BOATS Terengganu traditional boats can be categorised into two; small and large . Small boat can be measured up to 14.2m long, 2.27m wide and 3.10m high. 1 Perahu Sekoci

Perahu Sekoci is a traditional fishing boat commonly used by the Malays in Terengganu until present. The measurement for this boat is 5.70m long, 1.16m wide and 1.20m high.

3 Perahu Payang

Perahu Payang is the most famous boat amongst other small boats. It is the largest traditional fishing boat. It is named Perahu Payang because the boat uses the payang net (drag net) for fishing. The boat is usually used for deep sea fishing and each boat is operated by 15 crew members. The Payang boat measurement is 14.2m long, 2.27m wide, and 3.10m high Bangau

2 Perahu Haluan Katup

The boat is named Haluan Katup (the Closed Bow) because the front bow of the boat is covered with pieces of planks but they are not connected in any way to the deck. The boat measured at 4.20m long, 0.85m wide and 0.5m high. It is usually used as a transport boat especially for cruising along or crossing the rivers.

4 Perahu Kajangan

Caping

Okok

Kepala (Head)

Ekor (Tail) Koyang

5 Sampan Perahu Besar

This boat usually used as a carrier boat plying from the main land to the big boats anchoring offshore. The boat measurement is 5.78m long, 1.4m wide, and 1.10m high. Sampan Perahu Besar is a rowing boat and could accommodate 6 to 7 persons only. The boat also utilise as life saving boat on bigger boats. 6 Perahu Kolek Kuel

This boat usually used as a fishing boat. For its fishing operation, it uses haul net and drag net. The boat is 11.90m long, 1.50m wide and 2.30m high . For a boat with such measurement, it requires 7 to 9 crew members to handle the fishing operations.

Perahu Payang

Perahu Kajangan (roofed boat) has bow and stem that are shaped to resemble a duckâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s bills. The boat measured at 8.75m long, 1.25m wide, and 0.6m high.

TRADITIONAL LARGE BOATS Terengganu traditional boats can be categorised into two; small and large. Large boat can be measured up to 24m long, 6m wide and 6.7m deep. 1 Anak Bedar

The boat is used for carrying trade goods around Malay Peninsular. Its measurement is smaller than the other big boats. The front and back portions of the boat are in spoon shape (represents the shape of bird’s beak or duck’s tail). The front spoon shape is longer than the back. The length of the boat is between 10m to 16m, with height variation from 1.7m to 2m, and width about 3m. 2 Perahu Dogol

This boat has similar front and back design. The size of Perahu Dogol is about 16m to 20m long, width between 5m to 6m, and height approximately 2m to 3m. The load capacity is between 1000 and 2000 ‘pikul’ which is about 60 478 kg to 120 956 kg.

3 Perahu Pinisi Dogol

This boat has the front shape that is similar to Perahu Dogol but the rear shape looks like a duck’s tail. This shape is influenced by the design of boat from France. The term ‘pinisi’ is also due to such influence. The local term ‘dogol’ gives the meaning of bare or nothingness. The front part is named as dogol while the back design is named as pinisi. Hence, it is called as Pinisi Dogol Boat. 4 Perahu Pinisi Gobel

It possesses the shape that is almost similar to Pinisi Dogol except for the shape of its beak that is located at the front. This beak shape is called ‘gobel’. The measurements of both type of pinisi boats are almost similar, i.e. from 18m to 24m length, 5m to 6m wide, and height from 5m to 6m. The loading capacity is between 2000 and 25000 ‘pikul’ which is around 120 956 kg till 151 195 kg.

BOAT-BUILDING TECHNIQUES 1 Preparing Keel (Lunas)

The keel is the lengthwise timber structure that goes along the base of a boat, where the length will determine the size of the boat. 2 Shaping or bending the wooden plank

The planks that will be fixed to the boat have to be bended first so that they are conforming to design. The process of forming the wood is by using the guillotine (stopper) and is scorched with fire for a while. Then they pulled with ‘bekok’ so that the bending is at the desired curvature. The timber are left in that position for few days.

3 Fixing the ‘old’ timber

The old timber plank is the first plank which is seen after surfacing. This timber is fixed by arching towards left and right till attaining the desired width. 4 Fixing the front and rear stem (Linggi)

The stem is a piece of wood that is fixed nearly vertical to the keel where the degree of inclination of fixing the stem will determine the design of the boat. 5 Fixing the first wall - the Lepang wall

First plank that is fixed between the two stems and kuns. It is connected to the stems using pegs for strengthening the knots of the timber.

6 Fixing Papan Butir or ‘Detail plank’

The detail timber is a piece of wood that is fixed afloat. The fixing is applied directly to the kun. It is wedged between these parts. 7 Fixing the ‘Kuns’ or frames

At this stage, few kuns are fixed as the foundation framework to facilitate the fixing of the wooden wall according to the width of the desired boat design. 8 Connecting Papan Timbal or Balancing planks

This plank is fixed after fixing Papan Lepang. It is connected using pegs and the quantity of this plank is numerous according to the boat size. Usually odd number is chosen by the craftmen.

BOAT-BUILDING TECHNIQUES 9 Fixing of Beledu plank

The beledu plank is made from timber slices that are fixed after the papan butir. 10 Placing Papan Tarik or ‘Pulling’ plank

12 Fixing Pelekung

17 Fixing the ‘Setel’

Pelekung is also installed between the kuns. The function is to act as the joists for floor timbers.

Setel is the long timbers which connects the kuns or frames to strengthen the position of the kuns.

13 Installing Leper

18 Installing Kub and Kitchen

Leper is the wood which is fixed on top of the Papan Tarik.

The Kub is built at the back of the boat as shelter. Kitchen is built near the covered space for cooking purpose.

14 Fixing kuns / frames

There is only one layer of Papan tarik for each boat that is fixed as the last plank for the wall. It has small holes for draining out water.

At this stage, whole kuns are fixed. 15 Installing timber floor

Rudder is installed at the bottom of the boat and connected to Uling-uling that acts as the mean to control the sail direction.

11 Installing Bendul

16 Fixing Papan Jilat

Bendul is applied as an extension. It is connected to Papan Jilat and Papan Tarik.

This timber is an extension timber which is fixed only to the front part of the boat.

20 Installing Sailing Equipments

19 Fixing Kemudi (Rudder) and Uling-uling

The sailing posts and other equipments are installed

TERENGGANU TRADITIONAL HOUSE Basic Form of Six Pillars House

Rumah Ibu (Main House Space)

Serambi (Verandah)

Addition of Kitchen (Rumah Dapur) to the Basic Form of the house

Rumah Dapur (Kitchen)

SIMILARITIES BETWEEN HOUSE AND BOAT 1 Framing

2 Material - Chengal (Hard Wood)

3 Connections / Joints

‘Tindih Kasih’ Connection

TERENGGANU TRADITIONAL HOUSE: ORIENTATION â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;The main consideration in the house orientation: the short side of the house is facing Mecca. This is very important when performing daily prayers in congregation with family members or with other people at religious functions or at pre-burial prayers ceremony.â&#x20AC;&#x2122; (Raja Ahmad Shah 1988, p. 40)

Terengganu House Orientation

INITIAL SKETCHES / CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

‘Rumah Ibu’ (Exhibition Space) ‘Serambi’ (Lobby)

Underneath the house (Workshop)

INITIAL SKETCHES / CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

‘Rumah Ibu’ (Exhibition Space) ‘Serambi’ (Lobby)

Underneath the house (Workshop)

Facade with dimensions of boats

Water ripples - movement through facade from narrow to wider

INITIAL SKETCHES / CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

‘Rumah Ibu’ (Exhibition Space)

Underneath the house (Workshop)

‘Serambi’ (Lobby)

Preliminary planning

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

INITIAL SKETCHES / CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

Level 1

Level 2

Level 3

INITIAL SKETCHES / CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

Level 1 | Floor Plan 1 : 500

INITIAL SKETCHES / CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

Level 2 | Floor Plan 1 : 500

INITIAL SKETCHES / CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

Level 3 | Floor Plan 1 : 500

INITIAL SKETCHES / CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

Section A-A’ 1 : 500

Section B-B’ 1 : 500

INITIAL SKETCHES / CONCEPTUAL IDEAS

DESIGN DEVELOPMENT

O V E R A L L

D E S I G N

DESIGN MORPHOLOGY

1 Building is put on the intervention site

2 Building

3 Building is separated into three main

4 The

5 ‘Rumah Ibu’ (the Exhibition space) is

6 Contrast

with orientation that is parallel to Sultan Mahmud Bridge.

‘Serambi’ part is rotated 90 degree, connecting Exhibition spaces and the Workshop. Pier is added where the longer one represents the main entrance for public while the shorter for the villagers of Duyong Island (especially the boat builders).

is oriented towards the direction of Qiblat - as how the Terengganu traditional house is oriented.

lifted up on stilts to allow more air flow / ventilation towards the workshop space. This is also to show the highest hierarchy of the space.

parts according to the hierarchy of Terengganu traditional house.

part that requires quiet environment and protection for important documents is detached from the building.

DESIGN MORPHOLOGY

7 Half part of the Workshop is lifted up

8 Bridge is added to form a courtyard

9 Final

10 Addition of cafe’ space (Rumah Dapur)

11 Maintaining ‘Rumah Ibu’ as hierarchy

12 Dividing

to allow more views at entrance space / foyer. Boats will be launced facing one of remaining boatyards at Duyong Island (the oldest among four - since 1986).

to the building to form a Traditional house with a kitchen space. This addition is located above the main pier to highlight the building’s entrance.

and also to create a connection from the exhibition space towards the workshop. This courtyard can be used to dry the timber as per traditional way and for any public events.

by doubling up the volume.

form of the ‘Basic Unit’ of Terengganu traditional house before adding ‘Rumah Dapur’ (kitchen).

‘Rumah Ibu’ into three segments - Gallery 1 (Boat elements); Gallery 2 (Construction Process of boat); and Gallery 3 (Temporary Gallery)

ENTRANCE/LOBBY

(SERAMBI)

ENTRANCE/LOBBY DESIGN The main entrance and the lobby of this museum is based on the Serambi part of the traditional house, a space where people need to pass through before entering the main part of the house (Rumah Ibu). This part (i.e. Main Lobby Hall) is designed based on the way local perceived the ‘Rumah Ibu’ as a sacred and holy space where they need to clean their feet before even entering the Serambi area. Usually, there is a large clay pot of water located next to the first stairs to enter Serambi - for them to wash their feet. For this design project, this ‘cleaning process’ is replaced by galvanised steel grate or ‘Entry Mat’ that is put at the end of main entrance’s pier. This will at least clean the dirt from visitors’ shoes before stepping up on the ‘first stairs’ to enter ‘Serambi’.

Second Stairs (to Rumah Ibu)

To enter the Gallery Space from Lobby, there is ‘second stairs’ as per the traditional house - from Serambi to Rumah Ibu. This second stairs apply the same material as the lobby floor (i.e. concrete) on the first five steps before the material is changed to timber. This five steps are representing theory of the ‘Five Nafsu’ that applied to Terengganu traditional house.

Replaced by Steel Grate

Nafsu Ammarah

Nafsu Lawwamah

2 Nafsu Mulhamah

3 Clay Pot of Water First Stairs (to Serambi)

Nafsu Mutmainah

4 5

The Theory of ‘Five Steps’

Nafsu Radziah

EXHIBITION

SPACE

(RUMAH

IBU)

GALLERY DESIGN This â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;Rumah Ibuâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; of Four Pillars is divided into three galleries based on the brief requirement where it consists of;- Gallery 1 (learn about the boat elements/parts), Gallery 2 (study on the process of boat-making), and Gallery 3 (temporary gallery). At Gallery 1, visitors will experince the exploded version of Perahu Payang (Payang Boat) which are divided between the planks of boat (wall) and its frame (skeleton). They will see the planks before the frame to indicate the only difference of the construction of Terengganu traditional boats to other boat constructions at other places. In Terengganu, the traditional boats are constructed starting from the skin (wall of planks), followed by the frames.

GALLERY DESIGN

Idea of using ramps for the Gallery circulation

Experience the boat curves / elements

W O R K S H O P ( U N D E R N E A T H )

THE FOUR BOATYARDS | SPACE ANALYSIS

1 Azlan Hasni Boatyard

2 Pak Awi Boatyard

Owner: Azlan Hasni (Since 1986)

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Source: Muhd Nor 2016, p.45

Type of Spaces Storage Office Lobby Timber Drying Area Cutting Area Assembly Area Launching Outfitting Quay Berth Dock

Owner: Pak Awi (Since 1990)

Checklist

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Source: Muhd Nor 2016, p.35

Type of Spaces Storage Office Lobby Timber Drying Area Cutting Area Assembly Area Launching Outfitting Quay Berth Dock

Checklist

THE FOUR BOATYARDS | SPACE ANALYSIS

3 Custom-made Wooden Yachts

4 Wan Abdillah Boatyard

Owner: Dr. Hj. Abdullah Muda (Since 1993)

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Source: Muhd Nor 2016, p.41

Type of Spaces Storage Office Lobby Timber Drying Area Cutting Area Assembly Area Launching Outfitting Quay Berth Dock

Owner: Wan Abdillah (Since 1993)

Checklist

No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Source: Muhd Nor 2016, p.50

Type of Spaces Storage Office Lobby Timber Drying Area Cutting Area Assembly Area Launching Outfitting Quay Berth Dock

Checklist

WORKSHOP DESIGN The workshop design is representing the space underneath the Terengganu traditional house where usually - is a space for daily acitivities and also a space to keep traditional boat. This workshop is also designed based on the space analysis of the four boatyards in Duyong Island.

WORKSHOP DESIGN

S C U L P T U R E

â&#x20AC;&#x153;TIANG SERI = TIANG LAYARâ&#x20AC;? Tiang Seri or the main post of traditional house is the most important structure for the house to be constructed. This post is believed to have relation with mast of boat. Within the courtyard of the building, there are fifty posts that resembles the number of boat-builders during 1960s to 1970s. Amongst them, there are only four posts that are made using Chengal (hard wood) while others are made from other types of timber. These four Chengal posts represent the remaining four boatyards that still survive until today. They are positioned within others based on the location of four boatyards on Duyong Island.

Duyong Island

1 4

DESIGN REFINEMENT & RESOLUTIONS

SCHEMATIC PLAN Level 1 | Floor Plan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 : 500

10 7

8 2

6 3 5

Lobby Souvenir Shop Workshop - Assembly Cutting Area Bending Area Launching Slipway Drying Area Library Lecture Theatre ‘Tiang Seri’

SCHEMATIC PLAN - REFINEMENT Level 1 | Floor Plan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

1 : 500

10 7

8 2

6 3 5

Lobby Souvenir Shop Workshop - Assembly Cutting Area Bending Area Launching Slipway Drying Area Library Lecture Theatre ‘Tiang Seri’

SCHEMATIC PLAN - REFINEMENT Level 1 | Floor Plan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12

1 : 500

10 7

8 2

3 5

9 11

Lobby Souvenir Shop Workshop - Assembly Cutting Area Bending Area Launching Slipway Drying Area Library Lecture Theatre ‘Tiang Seri’ Fish Pond Services

SCHEMATIC PLAN - REFINEMENT Level 1 | Floor Plan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11

1 : 500

10 7

8 2

3 5

9 11

Lobby Souvenir Shop Workshop - Assembly Cutting Area Bending Area Launching Slipway Drying Area Library Lecture Theatre ‘Tiang Seri’ Fish Pond

SCHEMATIC PLAN - REFINEMENT Level 2 | Floor Plan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 : 500 9 8

Office Pantry Store - Files Classroom Praying Room (Surau) Cafeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Gallery 1 - Boat Elements Gallery 2 - Process Gallery 3 - Temporary

SCHEMATIC PLAN - REFINEMENT Level 3 | Floor Plan

1 Gallery 1 - Boat Elements 2 Gallery 2 - Process

1 : 500 2 2

ELEVATION & SECTION (SCHEMATIC) North-East Elevation 1 : 500

Section 1 : 500

SYSTEM

MEASUREMENT

SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT The body proportions act as measures using the various limbs like the fingers, palms, fore-arm. Some of the basic dimensions used are depa, sebelah bahu, hasta, pemenjung, head level, chin level, chest level, waist level, knee level, ankle level, jengkal, ketuk, tapak tangan, dua jari, tiga jari and empat jari. Based on Awang Lah et al. (2014), the measurement for the traditional house is based on the body measurement of the female partner (wife). Another theory is that it is based on the anthropometric of the builder (tukang) of the house. For this project, Awangâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s measurement is produced to retain this concept of measurement of the Terengganu traditional house.

Sepemunjung

Paras Kepala

Paras Dagu Paras Dada Depa

Hasta

Paras Pinggang

Empat Jari

Tiga Jari Jengkal

Ketuk

Paras Lutut

Dua Jari

Satu Jari

Paras Buku Lali

SYSTEM OF MEASUREMENT: AWANG This ‘Awang’ dimensions which are obtained from measuring myself are used to work out the proportion and scale of this museum. This measurement system is also inspired by ‘Le Modulor’ by the Swiss-French architect Le Corbusier.

210

1865

740

470

170

70 33

540

1050

1370 1520

1740

2220

‘Awang’ is a nickname by the elders for anynomous or general young man (male) in Terengganu dialect.

105 55 11

Column size reconfiguration Scale 1 : 20 *measurements in millimetres (mm)

INITIAL GRID LAYOUT 4000 x 4000 1 : 500

GRID LAYOUT RECONFIGURATION 1865 (Sedepa/Fathom) x 2 = 3730 3730 x 3730 (Grid Size) 1 : 500

FLOOR PLAN RECONFIGURATION Level 1 | Floor Plan 1 : 500

16 15 14 13 12

10 7

8 2

3 5

1 Lobby 2 Souvenir Shop 3 Workshop - Assembly 4 Cutting Area 5 Bending Area 6 Launching Slipway 7 Drying Area 8 Library 9 Lecture Theatre 10 ‘Tiang Seri’ 11 Fish Pond 12 Services 13 Chengal Tree 14 Gelam Tree 15 Penaga Tree 16 Resak Tree

FLOOR PLAN RECONFIGURATION Level 2 | Floor Plan

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

1 : 500 9 8

2 3

4 4

Office Pantry Store - Files Classroom Praying Room (Surau) Cafeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Gallery 1 - Boat Elements Gallery 2 - Process Gallery 3 - Temporary

FLOOR PLAN RECONFIGURATION Level 3 | Floor Plan

1 Gallery 1 - Boat Elements 2 Gallery 2 - Process

1 : 500 2 2 1

FINAL FLOOR PLAN Level 1 | Floor Plan 1 : 500 1 Lobby 2 Souvenir Shop 3 Workshop - Assembly 4 Cutting Area 5 Bending Area 6 Launching Slipway 7 Drying Area 8 Library 9 Lecture Theatre 10 ‘Tiang Seri’ 11 Fish Pond 12 Services 13 Chengal Tree 14 Gelam Tree 15 Penaga Tree 16 Resak Tree

16 15 14 13 12

10 7

8 2

3 5

FINAL FLOOR PLAN Level 2 | Floor Plan 1 : 500 9 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9

Office Pantry Store - Files Classroom Praying Room (Surau) Cafeâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Gallery 1 - Boat Elements Gallery 2 - Process Gallery 3 - Temporary

2 3

4 4

FINAL FLOOR PLAN Level 3 | Floor Plan 1 : 500 1 Gallery 1 - Boat Elements 2 Gallery 2 - Process

2 2 1

BUILDING CIRCULATION

APPLICATION

WALL

PATTERN

WALL PATTERN: ‘JANDA BERHIAS’ The traditional houses of East-Coast states in Malaysia such as in Kelantan and Terengganu are almost identical in form (roof, frames, materials) except for few differences that makes them unique identity for each region. One of the differences is on the wall pattern - the ‘Janda Berhias’ wall pattern. For this project, this pattern is applied for the facade and using the Awang’s dimension to create ‘rhythm of movement’ from the building exterior (on the screens)

Janda Berhias pattern on Terengganu Traditional House

8 ft

East Elevation

0 2 4 6 8 10 ft

West Elevation of ‘Rumah Cik Teh’

WALL PATTERN: ‘JANDA BERHIAS’ Comparison of Janda Berhias Pattern

Janda Berhias pattern : Terengganu

South Elevation Janda Berhias pattern : Kelantan

Janda Berhias pattern on Kelantan Traditional House

FACADE STUDY South West Elevation 1 : 500

FACADE STUDY Application of Awangâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s Measurements

FACADE STUDY Application of Janda Berhias Pattern

FACADE STUDY South West Elevation 1 : 500

ELEVATION North East Elevation 1 : 500

FINAL SECTION Not to Scale

CONNECTIONS

MATERIALS

ROOF RECONFIGURATION Gable x Monopitch Roof - touch or detach? North East Elevation

Keel 7

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS x MATERIALS Local / Raw Materials Reclaimed Timbers (Chengal), Concrete, White Bricks, Perforated Steel, Mild Steel

Stone as Footings in Traditional House Concrete-Timber Column connection (application on one of boat Dockyards in Duyong Island).

Concrete as Footings in Traditional House

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS x MATERIALS Main Column Reclaimed Timbers (Chengal) + Concrete

Bottom Plate welded to Embeded Plate

Spacer

Rebar Embeded Plate with Rebar welded to bottom and set in concrete

Main Column Structure -Timber connection to Concrete

Steel Knife Plate Connection

1 : 10

CONSTRUCTION DETAILS x MATERIALS Secondary Column Reclaimed Timbers (Chengal) + Concrete

Bottom Plate welded to Embeded Plate

Embeded Plate with Rebar welded to bottom and set in concrete

Spacer

Rebar Secondary Column Structure -Timber connection to Concrete (’Tindih Kasih’ connection style)

Steel Knife Plate Connection

1 : 10