Plastics Waste Management Current Status INDIA Presented
@
Asia Plastic Forum (APF) Plastindia 2015, Gandhinagar
Indian Centre for Plastics in the Environment (ICPE) Mumbai www.icpeenvis.nic.in // www.icpe.in
HOW MUCH PLASTIC WASTE ? REQUIRING ATTENTION FOR ITS MANAGEMENT
Major Source • Municipal Solid Waste • Medical • Electronic
PLASTICS IN MSW - MUMBAI
Source: NEERI study - 2005
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PLASTICS WASTE IN MSW AT DIFFERENT LOCATIONS - MUMBAI
Figures for Mumbai. Source: NSWAI - 2009
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SOLID WASTE AT DEONAR LANDFILL - MUMBAI
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Figures for Deonar Dumping Yard, Mumbai. Source: Environmental Greenliness - 2009
Plastics Waste Remaining in Landfills Unattended
• EPS • Multilayered / Laminated Plastics • Thin Soiled bags (mixed) / Thin Cups
MSW: STATISTICS Total MSW Bio – Medical Waste
~ …
63 MMT 500 MTD
(250 – 300 gms/day/bed)
(182500 MTA) E – Waste … 470, 000 MTA __________________________________ (Includes plastics waste) (Source … GoI (MoUD, 2010)
PLASTICS WASTE IN MSW • •
Big Cities Smaller Cities
~5–8% ~ 1 – 2%
Considering less than 1% PW ultimately remaining in the MSW (landfill):
Practical Estimate is < 1.0 MMT
PET Bottle Waste Total Bottle 0.6 MMT ______________________________ Remain in Circulation 0.1 MMT Recycled 0.4 MMT ______________________________ Remain uncollected 0.1 MMT Source: PET Bottle Industry Assn
Present Activities
RECYCLING STATISTICS - INDIA TRADITIONALLY INDIANS OPTED FOR RECYCLING WAY BACK IN THE 60’S AS A SOURCE OF EARNING. TODAY THE STATUS IS -
• ORGANISED RECYCLING UNITS: • UNORGANISED RECYCLING UNITS: •MANPOWER: DIRECT INDIRECT •PLASTICS RECYCLED PER ANNUM
≈ 3500 ≈ 4000 ≈ 0.6 MN ≈ 1 MN ≈ 4 MMT
Source: CIPET Study for CPCB
SALIENT POINTS
• NEARLY 100% RECYCLING OF RIGID PLASTICS EXCEPTING EPS & ONE TIME USED SMALL CUPS
• 70% OF 0.6 MMT PET BOTTLE WASTE IS RECYCLED, 15% BEING IN CIRCULATION WHILE 15% DOES NOT REACH RECYCLERS
SEGREGATION OF WASTE AT SOURCE AT SELECT MUMBAI WARDS
Loading of dry waste in Municipality van
Waste pickers with van
Dry waste being carried for loading into Municipality van Dry waste at housing colonies
Collected dry waste on way to segregation area
SEGREGATION OF WASTE AT SOURCE
Segregation of dry waste
Storing of segregated dry waste in secured place
Packing of segregated dry waste
Segregated dry waste being weighed and sold to recyclers / traders
STEPS INVOLVED IN THE MODEL PROJECT AT SELECT MUMBAI WARDS •
BMC PROVIDES SPACE , SHEDS & COLLECTION VEHICLES
•
WASTE PICKERS COLLECT DRY WASTE FROM SOCIETY BUILDINGS AND SEGREGATE THE SAME INTO DIFFERENT CATEGORIES
•
SEGREGATED DRY WASTE IS STORED IN SECURED SHEDS
•
SEGREGATED WASTE IS THEN SOLD TO WASTE DEALERS WHO IN TURN SELLS TO RECYCLERS
•
MINOR QUANTITY OF NON-RECYCLABLES GO TO LANDFILLS (CAN BE DIVERTED TOWARDS CEMENT KILNS FOR ENERGY RECOVERY)
IN 2013, IN 5 SELECT WARDS, 100 WASTE PICKERS SEGREGATED ABOUT 2000 MTs DRY WASTE AND SENT FOR RECYCLING EARNING MORE THAN Rs. 1.1 Cr (~ Rs. 9000/ pm / Waste Picker)
INITIATIVES • Segregation of Dry Waste is Practised only in Limited Areas of some Cities spread over the Country
• ICPE, Associations & NGOs Organise
Awareness Programmes Across the Country to Popularise Source Segregation of Dry Waste
• MoEF, GoI, Supports such Programmes
TECHNOLOGY
RECYCLING AND RECOVERY OPTIONS For PLASTICS WASTE MANAGEMENT PREVAILING PRACTICE 21
PLASTICS RECYCLING/RECOVERY OPTIONS
ISO 15270:2008 Material Recovery Plastics Waste
Mechanical Recycling Feedstock Recycling Biological Recycling
Energy Recovery
Most Adopted
•Monomer •Fuel •Reducing Agent in Blast Furnace •Gasification
•Co- Processing in Cement Kilns •Heat & Power Generation 22
MECHANICAL RECYCLING – CONVENTIONAL & MOST FOLLOWED PROCESS WORLDWIDE IN INDIA ALSO MECHANICAL RECYCLING IS THE MOST PRACTISED PROCESS
COMPRESION MOULDED BOARDS FROM MULTILAYERED TETRAPACK
LIMITED FACILITY DEVELOPED
MECHANICAL RECYCLING OF MIXED PLASTICS
LUMBER AS WOOD SUSTITUTE
INDIAN MACHINERY MANUFACTURER DEVELOPED SMALLER PLANT
MECHANICAL RECYCLING OF WASTE PLASTICS WITH JUTE
FURNITURE & FLOOR : REPLACEMENT OF WOOD
ENERGY RECOVERY CO-PROCESSING IN CEMENT KILN
• ALL TYPES OF MIXED PLASTICS WASTE CAN BE USED • SEGREGATION AND CLEANING NOT REQUIRED
ENERGY RECOVERY CO-PROCESSING IN CEMENT KILNS • Cleaner
emissions (compared to coal)
• > 60 % Replacement of Coal Established - (Germany) • ICPE & ACC Ltd Established Protocol for Co-processing Plastics Waste in Cement Kilns in India • At 10% Replacement Rate 150 out of 170 Cement Kilns In India could dispose of entire Plastics Waste generated in the country today in a scientific manner • CPCB Issued Directives to All States for Using Plastics Waste as Alternate Fuel
â&#x20AC;Ś. ENERGY RECOVERY
CALORIFIC VALUES Polyethylene : Polypropylene: Polyamide (Nylons): PET : Coal
:
46 MJ/kg 44 MJ/kg 32 MJ/kg 22 MJ/kg 29 MJ/kg
Cement Kilns use about 650 Kgs of Plastics Waste to substitute 1 MT of Coal
CONVERSION TO FUEL PRESENT STATUS: • •
INDIAN PLANTS ARE AVAILABLE SOME PLANTS ARE RUNNING IN SOME CITIES IN THE COUNTRY – HYDERABAD, ALATHUR (Nr CHENNAI), PUNE, VASAI (Nr MUMBAI), NAVI MUMBAI
•
SOME CORPORATES HAVE SET UP PLANTS FOR SAFE DISPOSAL OF THEIR OWN PLASTICS/ E-WASTE (BANGALORE)
•
CIVIC BODIES SHOWING GROWING INTEREST IN PROVIDING THE PLASTIC WASTE TO SUCH PLANTS UNDER DECENTRALISATION OF WASTE MANAGEMENT INITIATIVE
CONVERSION TO FUEL Hyderabad
Mumbai
ALL TYPES OF MIXED PLASTICS WASTE CAN BE USED WITHOUT ELABORATE CLEANING
Plastics Waste to Fuel Plant Zero Waste Project at New Delhi Colony
Plastic Waste from Laminated Paper
Plastic Waste from Laminated Paper
Plastic Waste from Laminated Paper
Plastic Waste from Laminated Paper
PLASTICS WASTE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
Bidyasagar Street – Kalyani West Bengal
… PLASTICS WASTE IN ROAD CONSTRUCTION
ASPHALT PLANT OF BMC, WORLI, MUMBAI
Prof. V S AGHASE ROAD DADAR, MUMBAI
Plastics Waste used in Road Construction • PE / PP / PS / EPS : 10 – 15% Replacement of Bitumen Established with Proven Benefits
• Multilayered Plastics & EPS @ 15% of total Plastics Waste Have been Used
For 1 KM long and 7 feet wide Road, 1 MT of Plastics Waste is used with 9 MTs of Bitumen.
450, 000 KM Rural Road in India Can Use more than 0.5 Mn Tons of Plastics Waste
GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS
• AS PER EXISTING MSW RULES OF 2000, DRY AND WET WASTE ARE REQUIRED TO BE SEGREGATED AT THE SOURCE OF WASTE GENERATION FOR COLLECTION BY THE MUNICIPALITY AUTHORITIES SEPARATELY FOR SAFE DISPOSAL OR RECYCLING.
• NEW REGULATION OF 2011 EMPHASISES INVOLVEMENT OF MANUFACTURERS FOR SETTING UP OF COLLECTION CENTRES FOR PLASTICS WASTE IN LINE WITH THE PRINCIPLES OF EXTENDED PRODUCER’S RESPONSIBILITY (EPR). 42
MSW Management Practice â&#x20AC;&#x201C; EU
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