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ICSE Acids Bases and Salts Class 10 Important Questions 1. Define acid. Ans. An acid is a compound which when dissolved in water yields H+ as the only positively charged ion producing H3O+ ions. The presence of H+ is responsible for the characteristic properties of the acid Ex : Hydrochloric acid (HCl) gives H+(aq) and Cl–(aq) ions, sulphuric acid (H2SO4) gives 2H+(aq) and SO42–(aq) ions and nitric acid (HNO3) gives H+(aq) and NO3–(aq) ions. 2. With respect to the theory of ionization, define an acid. Ans. An acid is a compound which when dissolved in water yields H+ as the only positively charged ion. The presence of H+ is responsible for the characteristic properties of the acid. An acid when put in water dissociates as follows: HCl → H+ + Cl– The proton formed then combines with water molecule to form a hydronium ion (H3O+)
3. Mention the different ways by which acids are classified?
Ans. Acids can be classified on the basis of a. Strength of the acid. b. Concentration of the acid c. Composition of the acid d. Basicity of the Acid e . Source of the acid 4. What do you understand by strength of an acid? On which factor does the strength of an acid depend? Ans. Strength of acid is the hydronium ion concentration in the solution. More the number of H+ in the solution, greater is the strength of the acid. Thus the strength of an acid depends upon the degree of dissociation of the acid. 5. How are acids classified on the basis of their strength? Ans. On the basis of strength, acids can be classified as : Strong acid : An acid which dissociates almost completely in aqueous solution thereby producing a large concentration of H+ ions. Eg : HCl, HNO3 etc.
Weak acid – An acid which dissociates partially in aqueous solution thereby producing a low concentration of H+. Most molecules remain undissociated in solution. Eg : CH3COOH, HCOOH, H2CO3 etc.
6. What do you understand by concentration of acid ? Ans. Concentration of an acid means the amount of acid present in a definite amount of its aqueous solution. 7. How are acids classified on the basis of their concentration? Ans. Concentrated acid : An acidic solution in which there is a relatively high percentage of the acid is classified as a concentrated acid.
E.g. Concentrated hydrochloric acid (HCl), concentrated sulphuric acid (H2SO4), concentrated nitric acid (HNO3), concentrated acetic acid (CH3COOH) etc. Dilute acid : An acidic solution in which there is a relatively low percentage of the acid, is classified as a dilute acid. E.g. Dilute hydrochloric acid, dilute sulphuric acid, dilute nitric acid, dilute acetic acid etc. 8. What are Oxy – acids? Ans. Oxy – acids : Oxy – acids are those, which contain oxygen in their composition along with hydrogen and some other element. E.g. : Sulphuric acid (H2SO4), Oxalic acid (H2C2O4) Nitric acid (HNO3), Acetic acid (CH3COOH). 9. What are Hydracids? Ans. Hydracids : Acids, which contain hydrogen together with other elements, except oxygen, in their composition, are called Hydracids. E.g. : Hydrochloric acid (HCl), Hydroiodic acid (HI), Hydrobromic acid (HBr). 10. Define Basicity of an acid. Ans. Basicity of an acid is the number of hydrogen ions (H+) which can be produced per molecule of the acid in aqueous solution or the number of hydroxyl ion with which one molecule of an acid combines.
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