Soil Resources Class 10 ICSE Geography

Notes Free PDF

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Soil Resources Class 10 ICSE Geography Notes Free PDF

TOPIC-1

Types of Soil, Composition and Its Characteristics

Quick Review

➢ Soil is the main layer of loose mixture of small rock particles and decaying organic matter that covers the land surface.

➢ Different sources of nature like changing temperature, running water and wind affect the formation of soil.

➢ Soil is derived from parent rock material through a process of breakup or wear and tear.

➢ Humus (decomposed vegetal and animal remains) is the main constituent of soil. Silica, clay and sand are also other constituents of soil.

➢ Soil fertility refers to the nutrients present in the soil to support plant life.

➢ The important features of soil fertility is that it contains adequate amount of moisture, is rich in nutrients like nitrogen, phosphorous and potassium (NPK), contains organic matter and has sufficient depth to enable the plants to grow roots.

➢ Depending on the location, soil can be categorized into- Residual or Sedimentary Soil and Transported Soil.

➢ Residual soil are formed ‘in-situ’ that is formed in their original position by the breaking up of parent rocks, e.g. Black Soil, Red soil, Laterite Soil, Desert Soil etc.

➢ Soils that are transported through various agents of soil erosion like wind and running water, e.g. Alluvial Soil.

➢ Soils are classified into the following types- Alluvial Soils, Black Soils, Red Soils and Laterite Soils.

Know the terms

➢ Soil : It is the main layer of loose mixture of small rock particles and decaying organic matter that covers the land surface

➢ Parent Rock : It refers to the original rock from which something else was formed. It is mainly used in the context of soil formation.

➢ Humus : It is the organic matter present in the soil formed by the decomposition of plants and animals.

➢ NPK : It is the abbreviation of Nitrogen (N), Phosphorous (P) and Potassium (K) which is good for the fertility of the soil.

➢ Bhangar Soil : It is older alluvium soil and is found above the flood levels of rivers.

➢ Khadar Soil : It is newer alluvium soil and is found below the flood levels.

➢ Residual Soil : These soils are formed ‘in-situ’, which is formed in their original position by the breaking up of parent rocks.

➢ Transported Soil : Soils that are transported through various agents of soil erosion like water and wind.

Flowchart

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