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CHOO-CHOO:
Dynamic Urban System in Tel Aviv Final Project 2016 Iddo Goren
Generating technology engineering, detail and material studio Tutors: Arc.
David Robins
Dr.Arc. Arc.
Dikla Yizhar
Guy Austern
Faculty of Architecture and Town Planning, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology
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One TEL-AVIV
1. The Urban Aspect a. Background b. Planning, separation and disconnection (1926-1956) c. Planning, unification and bridging (19852012) d. The result – inflexible urban structure
2. The Urban Process-OpportunityTechnological System a. The Light Railway- Generic Design b. Movement in Space - Rorty- Opportunity c. Technological System – New Urbanity
Two
1. Background 2. Plug-in Space Design
NEIGHBORHOOD PLUG-IN SPACE STATION
Three PROGRAM MODULE MOVEMENT
1. Program - Cultural Compatibility Tel Aviv 2. Dynamic Architecture
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Introduction The project is a plan of a new urban technological system that makes use of the infrastructure of the light rail train that will operate in Tel Aviv in the future by transporting familiar functions, such as an office, a classroom, a coffee shop, in an alternative space. The technological system consists of designing a plug-in space to the prospective stations (NTA) and of designing a flexible Module that is based on the principles of dynamic architecture, and consists of Form as well as Function in its different uses. The configuration of the module and the specific uses proposed in the project are: a shop, a classroom, a coffee shop, a reading space, a performance stage and a viewing gallery. The project is based on several theoretical perspectives. The meta-theory of the project is based on Richard Rorty’s ([1989] 2006) conception of Solidarity and Contingency. Because the technological system is planned to serve urban Tel Aviv, Nati Merom’s (2009) Theory of Conceptual Planning was considered germane. As the light rail stations are located in Tel Aviv’s neighborhoods, the project relies on Jane Jacobs’ ([1961] 2008) theory of the relationships between neighborhood, population and the city as a whole. The dynamic architectural side of the module is based on Branko Kolarevic’s (2012, 2015) principles that deal with the Architecture of Change.
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We learn from the research literature that Tel Aviv is historically and to this today divided into three major areas: north, central and south. The plans over the years viewed these areas as a given, thereby reproducing the existent spatial-cultural-economic inequality. This created the inflexible urban structure that causes urban discontinuity (Merom, 2009). This led to the desire of the project to create a Shuffle in the described urban structure. The project utilizes this urban-structural opportunity of the construction of the light train in the Dan metropolitan area by using its Green Line as a planning space. This line crosses Tel Aviv in its three main areas. The project examines the stations of the Green Line, and focuses on three stations that represent the division of the city as well as the typological character of these stations. In the North – the upper station Einstein, in the Center – the underground station Nordau, and in the South – the Portal station Levinsky. The Nordau station serves as the detailed case study of this project. The proposed technological system enables the route of the light train to function as an alternative space where functions can be moved. It produces a continuum of plug-in spaces that serve as accessible public spaces by connecting between the generic stations and existing public sites. The technological system generates contingency by the conveyance and change of uses, functions
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and population in order to create solidarity (Rorty [1989] 2006). A freight train moves on the existent light-train tracks. When it arrives at the intended station, the seven wagons that carry the modules are unloaded, placed in a line until a hanging crane track lifts them to the level of the plug-in space and positions them correctly. The project addresses a small-scale component of the entire program of the module as a basic flexible unit that is not constrained by the entire array of familiar public spaces. In other words, the possibility to transport a module from place to place creates unique combinations of programs that do not exist in the usual public spaces of the city. The dynamic architecture responds to the changing human needs as individuals and as a society (Kolarevic 2012, 2015). The dynamic architectural side of the project expresses itself in the planning of the module and makes different variations of space and shape possible. According to Isaacs (in Jacobs, [1961] 2008), the essence of a big city is to make a wide range of choices and opportunities available to its residents instead of secluding themselves in their respective neighborhoods, and not to depend only on the city’s center but to create additional urban spaces elsewhere. The success of urban neighborhoods depends on their ability to connect among themselves and to create an urban space that is
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continuous rather than fragmented. This enables residents to receive greater diversity from both the economic and the visual perspective (Jacobs, [1961] 2008). It appears that the planning of Tel Aviv generated a conception that reproduces the division of the city into three main areas that differ culturally, socially and economically. The urban-architectural objective of this project is to produce an alternative urban space that is unlike the existing one and enables solidarity and a wide range of choices for the residents of the three areas. Solidarity is created by a contingency-based change that matches the cultural character of Tel Aviv by assembling different populations in an elliptical-shaped, non-hierarchical plug-in space. The project uses the planning opportunity offered by the construction of the light train to introduce flexibility, mobility and free access into Tel Aviv’s current inflexible urban structure.
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Chapter
One
TEL AVIV
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Tel Aviv - generator
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Cultural leader
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Non-stop city
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Continuing phase of the “post-army trip”
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Wide variety of neighborhoods
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Tel Aviv divided into three Socio-economic division
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Geddes’ planning concept made a sharp distinction between the new Tel Aviv and the existing city, which created a distinction between the North of the city and the South
Geddes Plan
Geddes Plan
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Geddes Plan
Genral Area Plan
1926-1956
Geddes Correction Plan
Planning
The existence of both plans – which implemented alongside each other – is what created the division between North and South. “The separation was between the South of the city – which was condemned to a poor quality of living – and the North; the “high quality” area
Geddes correction and Genral Area Plan
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Functional uses were separated; residential in the North, and an industrial section in the South. This firmly established, underlined and determined the separation between the North and the South
Geddes Correction Plan Geddes Plan
Genral Area Plan
Genral East Plan
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Genral East Plan
Creating a functional and rational organization of the city – provided selective protection to the affluent areas in the North of the city, but also dictated rapid deterioration of neighborhoods in the South
Greater Tel Aviv Plan
Geddes Correction Plan
Genral East Plan
Geddes Plan
Genral Area Plan
Greater Tel Aviv Plan
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The plan separates the North from the other quarters in the number of inhabitants, the density and the quality.
Greater Tel Aviv Plan
Geddes Correction Plan
Genral East Plan
Geddes Plan
Horowitz Plan
Genral Area Plan
Horowitz Plan
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Tel Aviv divided to Three
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The plan’s attempt to reduce the gap between North and South did not work in practice and due to the fact that the plan “chose to emphasize the cultural capital of Tel Aviv on account of its diminishing importance as an industrial city”
Greater Tel Aviv Plan
Geddes Correction Plan
Genral East Plan
Geddes Plan
Horowitz Plan Mazor Plan
Genral Area Plan
Mazor Plan
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Planning
This plan nonetheless relates to each area separately and hence clearly highlights the existing division. The approach itself – and the attempts to plan for the City of Tel Aviv by means of division into areas and not as a city in general – is where the problem lies.
Greater Tel Aviv Plan
Genral East Plan
Geddes Plan
Horowitz Plan
Tel Aviv 5000
Mazor Plan
Genral Area Plan
1985-2012
Geddes Correction Plan
Tel Aviv 5000
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Urban Shuffle 46
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TAMAM 5/1 in Tel Aviv
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39 Km 4.5 km Underground 61 Stations (5)
LRT Green line in Tel Aviv
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Einstein station location
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Safety rails
LRT path LRT path
Shade canopies
Entrance ramp
Passnger platform
Shade canopies
Elc. Poles LRT path
Road
Sidewalk
Central Platform Plan
Central Platform Section
Generic over-ground station
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Nordau station location
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Staircase to Platform
Ticket booth
Entrance A
Offices
Offices
Entrance B Optional Entrance
Underground Station - Ticketing level
LRT railway Offices
Offices Central Platform LRT railway
Underground Station - Platform level
Generic underground station
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Levinski station location
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Entrance
Under Passage
Road
Under Passage
Passenger Platform LRT Path Passenger Platform
Road
Sidewalk
Road
LRT path
Elc. Poles
Portal Station Plan
Passenger Platform
Entrance
Portal Station Section
Generic Portal station
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Opportunity
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Green line crossing the areas
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Rorty’s intention in the idea of solidarity
This process of coming to see other human beings as “one of us” and not as “them” Richard Rorty
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Urban shuffle as a concept N
solidarity
Meta theory of the project
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N
Co
nti
ng en
cy
solidarity
Rorty’s theory implemented in the project
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Conceptual connection - urban space - plug-in - train station
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Plug-in space
Generic station Generic station
Plug-in space
Plug-in space
Generic station
Technological system
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Connecting to a street
Connecting to a park
Connecting to a boulevard
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Transport concept
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From real-estate to trans-estate
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How does the system work? 74
The cargo train moves along the existing tracks of the light railway
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When the train reaches the designated station, the modules are unhitched from the seven cargo wagons to a dedicated waiting platform
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The modules settle in a row and wait for the over-hanging crane that raises them to the level of the plug-in space
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The over-hanging crane transport the module into position and lowers it to the floor level. Using the ball bearing system, the module settles into its exact place.
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This operation is ongoing until all of the modules have been relocated to the plug-in space
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Stripping a passenger cart
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Module train runs parallel to passenger
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Overhanging crane system
Cargo train
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Module
Ball bearing grid
Cargo cart
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Added thickness for prevention of deformation to the Tunnel Profile
The Wheel Hub allows movement flexibility and keeps the wheel in place over the tracks
This type of connection allows movement flexibility and keeps the Module perpendicular to the ground
Overhanging crane system detail
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Steel Tunnel Profile Ceiling Anchoring Power Strip Electric Engine Motorized Rotation Platform Wheel Hub
Electric Winch
Steel Cable 0.4 mm
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Chapter
Two
Neighborhood Plug-in Space Station
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Einstein area with the Green line path
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Nordau area with the Green line path
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Levinski area with the Green line path
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Figure ground plan
Road hierarchy
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In-Figure ground plan
Space usage
Einstein station location
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Figure ground plan
Road hierarchy
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In-Figure ground plan
Space usage
Nordau station location
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Figure ground plan
Road hierarchy
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In-Figure ground plan
Space usage
Levinski station location
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P l u g - i n
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S p a c e
Shape study
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Conceptual section
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Connecting to a wide street
Connecting to a park
Connecting to a boulevard
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Einstein station conceptual section
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Levinski station conceptual section
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Nordau station plug-in site plan
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B
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A
-9.0
-6.2
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Nordau station plug-in space plan
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Rotating Space
Module Passage
Station Passage
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Nordau’s plug-in space section BB
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Underground view - Nordau station plug-in
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Module’s possible placement
Viewing platform - extend to the modules
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Connection to the Blvd. creates a choice
Overhanging profile
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-3.0
-9.0
-13.0
Section AA - Nordau station
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Chapter
Three Usage Module Movement
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B
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A Structural Frame
1 Floor
B Face Frame
2 Hydraulic Jack Lift
C Window Frame
3 Secondary Base
D Panels Frame
4 Base
A Structural Frame
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B Face Frame 4
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Frame C EWindow Panels
1 Floor
2 Hydraulic Jack Lift 3 Secondary Base
5 Ball Bearing
D Panels Frame
4 Base
E Panels
5 Ball Bearing
D E
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Overhanging crance transporting a module
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Classroom module
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Reading room module
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Viewing gallery module
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Stage module
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Coffee house module
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Store module
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Nordau’s plug-in space
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Nordau’s plug-in space
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Nordau’s plug-in space
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Bibliography Fox, Micheal and Kemp, Miles. 2009. Interactive Architecture. New York: Princeton Architectural Press. Jacob, jane. 1961. The Death and Life of Great American Cities. New York: Random House Publishing (2008 Hebrew). Kolarevic, Branko. 2012. “Exploring Architecture of Change� in: AA https://www.youtube.com/ watch?v=08tyWrVzHqA Kolarevic, Branko and Parlar, Vera (ed.) 2015. Building dynamics: Exploring Architecture of Change. Abingdon,Oxon: Routledge. Levine, Daphna. 2016. The Third Space. Tel Aviv: Resling. (Hebrew). Marom, Nathan. 2009. City of Concept: Planning Tel Aviv. Tel Aviv: Babel Pablisher.(Hebrew). Rorty, Richard. 1989. Contingency, Irony and Solidarity. U.K: Cambridge University Press (2006 Hebrew).
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Plans Regional Master Plan (TAMAM 5/1) Management of Planning http://mavat.moin.gov.il/mavatps/Forms/SV4.aspx?tid=4 National Infrastructure Plan (TALAL 71),Management of Planning http://mavat.moin.gov.il/MavatPS/Forms/SV3. aspx?tid=31&bid=30 Statistical data, Yearbook 2015, Tel Aviv Municipality https://www.tel-aviv.gov.il
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