San g 34 1 local indicators pepper indonesia by IDH, The Sustainable Trade Initiative

Local Indicators for Sustainable Pepper Production in Indonesia April 2014

Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN): CEFCA, Cote d’Ivoire · Fundación Interamericana de Investigación Tropical (FIIT), Guatemala · Fundación Natura, Colombia · ICADE, Honduras · IMAFLORA, Brazil · Pronatura Sur, Mexico · Rainforest Alliance · SalvaNatura, El Salvador · Royal Society for the Protection of Birds (RSPB), United Kingdom

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

CONTENTS Introduction ________________________________________________________________________ 3 The Sustainable Agriculture Network __________________________________________________ 3 Standards, Criteria and Interpretation Guidelines __________________________________________ 3 Objectives and Use of Interpretation Guidelines ___________________________________________ 3 Scope of these Interpretation Guidelines _________________________________________________ 4 Abbreviations _______________________________________________________________________ 4 Proceedings ________________________________________________________________________ 5 Table 1: Non-binding recommendations on criteria applicability in the smallholder-group context __ 5 Covered Aspects _____________________________________________________________________ 8 INTERPRETATION GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABLE PEPPER PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA _____ 9 1. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM ____________________________ 9 2. ECOSYSTEM CONSERVATION ___________________________________________________ 12 3. WILDLIFE PROTECTION _______________________________________________________ 16 4. WATER CONSERVATION ______________________________________________________ 17 5. FAIR TREATMENT AND GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS FOR WORKERS _______________ 18 6. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY __________________________________________ 22 7. COMMUNITY RELATIONS ______________________________________________________ 23 8. INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT _____________________________________________ 24 9. SOIL MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION ________________________________________ 25 Annex 1: Distances between production areas and terrestrial ecosystems, aquatic ecosystems and areas of human activity ______________________________________________________________ 26 Annex 2: List of protected wildlife species in Indonesia ____________________________________ 28 Annex 3: IUCN red list of threatened plants in Indonesia ___________________________________ 50 Annex 4 List of timber species restricted for/protected from logging _______________________ 59

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Introduction The Sustainable Agriculture Network Mission The Sustainable Agriculture Network promotes efficient agriculture, biodiversity conservation and sustainable community development by creating social and environmental standards. The Sustainable Agriculture Network (SAN) is a coalition of independent non-profit conservation organizations that promote the social and environmental sustainability of agricultural activities by developing standards. Standard and certification policy development and review is coordinated by the SAN secretariat based in San José, Costa Rica. Farms and group administrators that comply with SAN standards can apply to use the Rainforest Alliance Certified™ seal for products grown on their certified farms. For more information about the Sustainable Agriculture Network, visit our webpage: www.san.ag.

Standards, Criteria and Interpretation Guidelines The objective of the Sustainable Agriculture Standard is to provide a measure of each farm’s social and environmental performance and agricultural management practices. Compliance is evaluated by audits that measure the degree of the farm’s conformity to environmental, social and agricultural practices indicated in the standard criteria. The sustainable agriculture standard consists of ten principles. Each principle is made up of criteria. The criteria describe good practices for social, environmental and agricultural management, and are evaluated by the certification process. It is important to emphasize that compliance with the standard is evaluated by comparison with the criteria, not with the interpretation guidelines. Criteria are binding for the compliance evaluation process, whereas interpretation guidelines are not. On the other hand, interpretation guidelines just describe how good or unacceptable management practices appear, and often contain examples of both good and unacceptable social and environmental practices. In this way the interpretation guidelines guide the farm in its efforts to comply with the standard and may change according to the conditions of different countries, regions or cultures.

Objectives and Use of Interpretation Guidelines How the Standard for Sustainable Agriculture with its criteria is interpreted and applied to particular situations is determined by Interpretation Guidelines.  Interpretation Guidelines are not binding for certification processes, but they are important for implementing good agricultural practices on farms and provide more detailed guidance during audit processes.  Interpretation Guidelines interpret the binding criteria of the standard for local conditions and/or a specific crop and are developed by a local Workgroup. The development of Local Interpretation Guidelines is led by Workgroups, which are coordinated by SAN’s Secretariat and organized by the local technical partners. The balanced representation of different stakeholders’ interests possibly influenced by these guidelines is assured and approved by SAN’s Board of

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Directors. SAN’s Secretariat coordinates the writing of local interpretation guidelines. The final version of guidelines is approved by the Secretariat to ensure no conflict of such a document with the overall Standard for Sustainable Agriculture. The members of Workgroups that develop Local Interpretation Guidelines have to comply with the following requirements:  Understanding and support for SAN’s mission and vision.  Knowledge and experience with respect to the topics under discussion.  Comprehension of the potential influence that this document can have.  Balanced representation of the different points of view of interested stakeholders. These workgroups gather specific input for local interpretation guidelines, such as:  Best farm management practices for ecosystem conservation in the region.  Information about native trees that can be used in reforestation efforts.  Local legislation regarding protection of ecosystems, riparian zones, endangered plants and animals, deforestation and reforestation. Also, information about local and regional conservation programs, protected areas, watersheds and corridors.  Information about local diseases, pests, necessary agricultural practices and other factors that can influence the economic sustainability of farms.  Local labor and occupational health laws executed by the local health and labor ministries or related authorities that can orient farms to implement their social policies.  Best practices for erosion prevention and waste management.

Scope of these Interpretation Guidelines These guidelines are applicable to pepper production in Indonesia, and both the smallholder and estate context.

Abbreviations MSDS PP PPE RDKK UU

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Peraturan Pemerintah Rencana definitif kebutuhan Kelompok/Kebun Undang-undang

Material Safety Data Sheet Government regulation Personal Protective Equipment Final Plan of Group Needs Law

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Proceedings The first workshop on developing local interpretation guidelines for sustainable pepper production in Indonesia was held on 18 July 2012 at the Secretariat of the Indonesia Spices Council in Jakarta. Altogether 20 participants took part in this workshop, representing a balanced group of stakeholders from the pepper sector in Indonesia. The identification of criteria in need of local interpretation was done in a plenary brainstorming session. After this plenary selection three different workgroups started defining local interpretations for those criteria selected. Finally, the workgroup results were presented and discussed in a plenary session. Additionally participants generated an overview table indicating the applicability for each criterion on the smallholder-, group administrator-, and estate - level (Table 1). A draft document was generated after the first workshop and shared with all stakeholders for their inputs and comments. On 23 October 2012, the second local interpretation guidelines workshop on sustainable pepper production in Indonesia was held at the Hotel Bidakara, Jakarta. Altogether 12 participants from various backgrounds of the pepper sector in Indonesia attended the event. In three workgroups the participants reviewed the first draft of this document and further refined the local interpretations of selected criteria. A second draft of the local interpretation guidelines for sustainable pepper production in Indonesia was generated from the results of this second workshop and it was shared with the participants for their review and feedback. Based on the received feedback, this final version was generated and sent to SAN for approval. It is providing interpretation to 25 criteria, of which 8 are critical criteria.

Table 1: Non-binding recommendations on criteria applicability in the smallholdergroup context Criteria

Smallholders

1.1

Group administrator X

1.2

1.3

1.4

1.5

1.6

1.7

1.8

1.9 1.10 1.11 2.1 2.2 2.3

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X X (provide info to GA) X X X

X X X (collect and compile info) X X

Remark In the smallholder context the Social and Environmental Management System is designed on the group level. Continuous improvement is both required on the individual farm level as well as on the group level. Individual farmers (both smallholder and estate) need to inform their hired farm workers; the group administrator needs to inform group members. Some documents may be kept on the smallholder farm level and others on the group level. In smallholder context, impacts are more likely to occur on the group level than on the individual farm level. Hiring of workers is minor – however on group level there is a simple system how to handle complaints of workers. Hiring of service providers is minor – however on group level there is a simple system how to check and ensure compliance of service providers for smallholder groups.

This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level

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2.4 2.5 2.6 2.7 2.8

Smallholders X X X X X

Group administrator X

2.9

Criteria

3.1

3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 4.1

X X X X X X

4.2

4.3 4.4 4.5 4.6 4.7 4.8

X X X X X X

4.9

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Remark

The group administrator supports the implementation of this criterion, when connectivity across several farms/landscape levels is concerned. One inventory for a group of farmers within a close and homogenous wildlife habitat area is acceptable; in case the group is big and distributed over different landscapes, the group administrator has a wildlife inventory for each landscape/wildlife habitat. This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level

X It is less likely that smallholders would require any permits, as the water volumes they abstract are minor. Less likely that smallholders make use of irrigation. X

This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level

Less likely to occur in the smallholder context – however, in case this occurs, both the farm as well as group administrator are involved in the monitoring and analysis programme.

5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5

X X X (practice) X

X X X X (policy) X

5.6

(X)

5.7

(X)

5.8

5.9

5.10 5.11 5.12 5.13

X X (X) (X)

X X X X

5.14

(X)

5.15 5.16

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This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level

This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level As smallholders will mostly employ temporary workers, the main emphasis is on 5.6 a & b. In the smallholder scenario this situation is less likely. Just in case, the same conditions apply for smallholders and the GA assists in explaining the requirements. This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level This refers to minors helping on family farms – this does not allow minors below the age of 15 working on estate farms! This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level In principle yes - but less likely on the smallholder level. In principle yes - but less likely on the smallholder level. In principle yes - but less likely on the smallholder level as temporary workers may have their own houses within the same community.

X X

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Smallholders

Remark

X X X X X

Group administrator X X X X X X X X X X X X X

6.11

n.a.

6.12 6.13 6.14 6.15 6.16 6.17 6.18 6.19 6.20 7.1 7.2 7.3 7.4 7.5

X X X X X X

X X X X X X X X X X X X X X

7.6

(X)

8.1 8.2 8.3 8.4

X X

X X X X

8.5

(X)

8.6

8.7 8.8

X Na

8.9

(X)

Criteria 5.17 5.18 5.19 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 6.5 6.6 6.7 6.8 6.9 6.10

9.1

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If farms comply with criteria 6.7 to 6.10, then they would automatically comply with 6.11 and there would not be the need to consider the separations a) – e). This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level

This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level

If smallholders may not have the appropriate official documentation in place, the GA may help the smallholder according to the interpretation under criterion 7.6 in this document.

This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level On the smallholder level: The GA may draw up the plan, however the smallholder will be then supposed to implement the plan. This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level. This includes any kind of GMO (e.g. also maize, soya) in any part of the farm operation.

In the case of smallholders the GA needs to be contacted and seek the required technical approval.

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Criteria

Smallholders

Group administrator

Remark

9.2

9.3 9.4 9.5 10.1 10.2 10.3 10.4

X X X

X X X X X X X

10.5

(X)

10.6

X X

The GA shall assist in soil and foliage sampling and designing the fertilization programme. The producer then fertilizes according to the obtained recommendation.

This is a critical criterion – compulsory at every level

On the smallholder level, the main aspect with this criterion is to keep the farm clean and free of waste accumulation.

Covered Aspects The following aspects are subject to local interpretation in this document:  Principle 1: Social and Environmental Management System  Principle 2: Ecosystem Conservation  Principle 3: Wildlife Protection  Principle 4: Water Conservation  Principle 5: Fair Treatment and Good Working Conditions for Workers  Principle 6: Occupational Health and Safety  Principle 7: Community Relations  Principle 8: Integrated Crop Management  Principle 9: Soil Management and Conservation

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INTERPRETATION GUIDELINES FOR SUSTAINABLE PEPPER PRODUCTION IN INDONESIA The Local Interpretation below highlights particular issues that are challenging to interpret in the Indonesian pepper context. Consequently not all the SAN standard criteria are discussed. The following tables are organized by the relevant principle of the Sustainable Agriculture Standard and contain two main sections: 1. Upper cell: The relevant section of the criterion is referenced in bold letters as a textual copy of the valid version of SAN’s Sustainable Agriculture Standard. 2. Lower cells: The local interpretation guidelines that interpret the relevant binding criteria for the environmental and social conditions in Indonesia.

1. SOCIAL AND ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 1.1

The farm must have a social and environmental management system according to its size and complexity of its operations that contains the necessary policies, programs and procedures that prove compliance with this standard and respective national legislation binding for social, labor and environmental aspects on farms – whichever is stricter.

The social and environmental management system covers the following aspects, divided over two main categories: a. Social aspects: workers rights, non discrimination and equal right, collective bargaining, children rights protection, social welfare, education, occupational health and safety, community relations. b. Environmental aspects: protection and conservation of ecosystems (terrestrial, aquatic, air), wildlife protection, soil and water conservation, sustainable land use and resource management, and waste management. The following Indonesian regulations need to be taken into account when developing the social and environmental management system:  UU Dasar Negara Republik Indonesia Tahun 1945, Pasal 33;  UU No. 16 Tahun 2006 tentang Sistem Penyuluhan Pertanian, Perikanan, dan Kehutanan;  UU No. 26 Tahun 2007 tentang Penataan Ruang;  UU No. 41 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan Lahan Pertanian Pangan Berkelanjutan;  PP No. 44 Tahun 1995 tentang Pembenihan Tanaman;  PP No. 8 Tahun 2001 tentang Pupuk Budidaya Tanaman;  PP No. 81 Tahun 2001 tentang Alat dan Mesin Budidaya Tanaman;  PP No. 20 Tahun 2006 tentang Irigasi.  UU No. 32 Tahun 2009 tentang Perlindungan dan Pengelolaan Lingkungan Hidup;  UU No. 7 tahun 2004 tentang Sumberdaya Air  UU Ketenagakerjaan, UU Perlindungan Anak, UU Sisdiknas, UU Kesejahteraan dan Perlindungan Sosial In the smallholder context, the design and implementation of the social and environmental management programme is the responsibility of the group administrator. The group administrator further specifies, which specific actions under the social and environmental management programme are required on the farm level and by the producers. Where trainings and on farm documentation is required, the group administrator is in charge of its coordination.

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1.2

The farm must implement permanent or long-term activities to comply with the standard through various programs. Social and environmental management system programs must consist of the following elements: a. Short-, medium- and long-term objectives and goals. b. A list of activities to be conducted in each program, and a timeline or plan indicating when they will be implemented. c. Identification of the persons responsible for carrying out the activities. d. Policies and procedures established to guarantee efficient execution of the activities and compliance with the standard. e. Maps identifying the projects, infrastructure and special areas (for conservation and protection) related to the indicated activities or to the requirements of this standard. f. Records to demonstrate the program is functioning adequately. The interpretation of criterion 1.1 summarizes the two main categories and their aspects that are supposed to be covered by a social and environmental management system. Depending on the situation of a producer group and/or farm, particular actions may be necessary to achieve compliance with the criteria of the SAN standard. These required actions will be listed in a program as described in this criterion with specifying the elements listed under a)â&#x20AC;&#x201C;f). The group administrator is responsible for the design and implementation of such a program at the group level. For more information on designing and running a social and environmental management system consult the following link: http://www.sustainableagriculturetraining.org/wpcontent/uploads/library/guide_for_social_and_environmental_management_system_guide_eng.pdf 1.10

Critical Criterion. The farm must have a system for avoiding the mixing of certified products with non-certified products in its facilities, including harvesting, handling, processing and packaging of products, as well as transportation. All transactions involving certified products must be recorded. Products leaving the farm must be duly identified and accompanied with the relevant documentation indicating a certified farm as origin.

The group administrator keeps all required traceability documentation on the group level (e.g. yield projections and actual certified produce harvested per group member). The volume in the traceability documentation on the group administrator level and the documentation provided by each smallholder through his/her on farm documentation does not contradict each other. If both certified and non-certified products are handled (e.g. in a groupâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s warehouse), a visual (different tags, labels, bags) and physical separation (stored in separate areas) system has to be in place. It is the group administratorâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s responsibility to implement critical criterion 1.10 at the group level. 1.11

The farm must annually describe its energy sources and the amount of energy used from each source for production processes, transport and domestic use within the farm limits. The farm must have an energy efficiency plan with goals and implementation activities for increased efficiency, for reducing dependency on non-renewable sources and for increasing the use of renewable energy. Where appropriate, the use of on-farm energy sources must be preferred.

The following steps apply:

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a. Identify processes and activities, which require energy for either farming/processing activity and/or for domestic activities. Record the types, sources, and amount of consumed energy. b. Information is available for both energy used on the farm and for processing activities as well as for farm domestic usage. c. In the smallholder context the group administrator is responsible to ensure that the energy use is recorded and documented. Smallholders: If records (e.g. meters and utility bills) are unavailable, smallholders and/or the group administrator can estimate the consumption and validate estimations with consumption data of other group members. Finally, based on the initial energy consumption records, an efficiency plan needs to be designed. This efficiency plan formulates energy saving targets and describes how to gradually minimize energy consumption inefficiencies at the farm and domestic level. The efficiency plan will be part of the continuous improvement efforts of the farm/group and monitored / evaluated continuously. If changes in the number of residents in the household, energy sources, production area or processing volumes happen, the energy saving targets in the efficiency plan may change as well.

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2. ECOSYSTEM CONSERVATION 2.1

Critical Criterion. All existing natural ecosystems, both aquatic and terrestrial, must be identified, protected and restored through a conservation program. The program must include the restoration of natural ecosystems or the reforestation of areas within the farm that are unsuitable for agriculture.

On the group level, the group administrator is in charge of designing and implementing the conservation program. Producers are responsible to implement the specific activities considered at the farm level. a. Areas considered in the conservation program cover among others the following:  Kawasan hutan/forest area (primary, secondary, central government, local government, community, private)  Riparian/watershed, water bodies (lake, river, stream, spring, etc.)  Bush, grass land,  Kawasan Cagar/Suaka,  Kawasan Lindung/Taman Nasional/National Park. b. The conservation program should be harmonized with any regional plan (RTRW, RPJMD, Renstra Kehutanan/Perkebunan/Pertanian). c. Rehabilitating and re-forestation are considered in the conservation program and based on the scale of destruction. Any activity under the conservation program is not in conflict with local legislation, yet may be stricter than the minimum requirements set under the local law. Where applicable, restoration efforts are harmonized with government restoration programs while ensuring compliance with the SAN standard’s criteria. d. Reforestation/restoration of degraded areas is done with native species only. Relevant Indonesian regulations:  UU PPLH  Rencana Tata Ruang Nasional/Wilayah  Rencana Strategis Pertanian /Perkebunan/Kehutanan  UU Pertambangan  UU ESDM  Perda terkait pertambangan 2.2

Critical Criterion. From the date of application for certification onwards, the farm must not destroy any natural ecosystem. Additionally, from November 1, 2005 onwards no high value ecosystems must have been destroyed by or due to purposeful farm management activities. If any natural ecosystems have been destroyed by or due to purposeful farm management activities between November 1, 1999 and November 1, 2005, the farm must implement the following analysis and mitigations: 1. Conduct an analysis of the ecosystem destruction to document the scope and ecological impact of the destruction. 2. Develop a mitigation plan with advice from a competent professional that is consistent with applicable legislation and that compensates for the negative impact. 3. Implement the activities of this mitigation plan, including for example the set aside of a significant percentage of the farm area for conservation purposes. Critical Criterion 2.2 is interpreted in a separate HVE/NE document for Indonesia.

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2.4

The harvesting or other taking of threatened or endangered plant species is not permitted. Cutting, extracting or harvesting trees, plants and other non-timber forest products is only allowed in instances when the farm implements a sustainable management plan that has been approved by the relevant authorities, and has all the permits required by law. If no applicable laws exist, the plan must have been developed by a competent professional. Non-compliances with this criterion may arise, if wooden non-living climbing support is chosen for the pepper plants. Thus, when choosing the climbing support, the below recommendations are provided:  Avoid the use of wooden non-living climbing support in pepper cultivations. Rather increase the use of living support trees by preferably using native species.  If using wooden non-living climbing support, ensure that the timber is sourced legally, from nonprotected/non-threatened timber species and from authorized sources only [SVLK-Sertifikat Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu/Certificate of Verification for Timber Legality].  Check with the Ministry of Forestry on the type of SVLK certified-timber that can be used. Relevant Indonesian regulations:  List of endangered and protected species (plants particularly).  Peraturan Menteri Kehutanan No. P.38/Menhut-II/2009 tentang Standard Dan Pedoman Penilaian Kinerja Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi Lestari dan Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu pada Pemegang Izin atau Pada Hutan Hak, Standard dan Pedoman Penilaian Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi Lestari dan Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu.  Peraturan Direktur Jenderal Bina Produksi Kehutanan No. P.6/Vi-Set/2009 tentang Standard dan Pedoman Penilaian Kinerja Pengelolaan Hutan Produksi Lestari dan Verifikasi Legalitas Kayu. Also see Annexes 3 and 4. 2.5

There must be a minimum separation of production areas from natural terrestrial ecosystems where chemical products are not used. A vegetated protection zone must be established by planting or by natural regeneration between different permanent or semi-permanent crop production areas or systems. The separation between production areas and ecosystems as defined in Annex 1 must be respected. 2.6 Aquatic ecosystems must be protected from erosion and agrochemical drift and runoff by establishing protected zones on the banks of rivers, permanent or temporary streams, creeks, springs, lakes, wetlands and around the edges of other natural water bodies. Distances between crop plants and aquatic ecosystems as indicated in Annex 1 must be respected. Farms must not alter natural water channels to create new drainage or irrigation canals. Previously converted water channels must maintain their natural vegetative cover or, in its absence, this cover must be restored. The farm must use and expand vegetative ground covers on the banks and bottoms of drainage canals. 2.7 The farm must establish and maintain vegetation barriers between the crop and areas of human activity, as well as between production areas and on the edges of public or frequently travelled roads passing through or around the farm. These barriers must consist of permanent native vegetation with trees, bushes or other types of plants, in order to promote biodiversity, minimize any negative visual impacts and reduce the drift of agrochemicals, dust and other substances coming from agricultural or processing activities. The distance between the crop plants and areas of human activity as defined in Annex 1 must be respected. A part of the pepper farm in which no agrochemicals (including fertilisers) are applied, can be considered as a buffer zone, yet needs to be sufficiently demarcated. The mark can consist of a vegetation line, a text sign or a colour mark on trees. Organic fertilizers are allowed in such a buffer zone as long as this buffer zone is

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bordering roads and/or housing areas (2.5 and 2.6) but are not allowed next to water bodies (due to the risk of eutrophication). The width of this buffer zone follows the SAN Standard Annex 1 table requirements. Certain other non-toxic organic inputs for pest control (like pheromone traps) can be allowed yet need to be advised upon in a case-by-case scenario (e.g. through the trainer or group administrator). Vegetative barriers can consist of a combination of tree, shrub, and grass. The width and number of vegetative lines may be different based on the risk assessment such as slope, soil type and area that needs to be separated or protected as well as the properties of the vegetative barrier plant chosen. However, certified farms prefer native plant species to exotic plant species for the set up of a vegetative barrier. Invasive species are not planted at all on certified farms. Refer to Annex 1 on distance specifications 2.8

Farms with agroforestry crops located in areas where the original natural vegetative cover is forest must establish and maintain a permanent agroforestry system distributed homogenously throughout the plantations. The agroforestry system’s structure must meet the following requirements: a. The tree community on the cultivated land consists of minimum 12 native species per hectare on average. b. The tree canopy comprises at least two strata or stories. c. The overall canopy density on the cultivated land is at least 40%. Farms in areas where the original natural vegetation is not forest – such as grasslands, savannas, scrublands or shrublands - must dedicate at least 30% of the farm area for conservation or recovery of the area’s typical ecosystems. These farms must implement a plan to establish or recover natural vegetation within ten years.

According to the SAN Certification Policy, pepper is considered an agroforestry crop and thus criterion 2.8 applies.  To establish the forestry component in the pepper farm, the following aspects are considered: o Combining tall trees with low canopies and short trees with high canopies. o Combining trees that lose their leaves at different times. o Preferring native shade trees over exotic shade trees. The farm does not introduce invasive species.  Fruit trees may be counted among the 12 species of item a. of the criterion.  Living climbing support trees for pepper may be counted among the 12 species of item a. of the criterion. 

Pepper requires a light shade approximately ranging from 20 – 30% density of the canopy. This will help to maintain a certain level of soil moisture that the pepper plant requires. Specific shade levels are established according to the pepper variety chosen, climate conditions, age of the crop, altitude, and published research.



When classifying shade density, phyto-technical and climate aspects (life zones) are considered. The recommended shade levels also consider and promote sustainable production levels of the crop and thus the sustainable farm economics. The below two links help producers and trainers in identifying native shade tree species for their pepper agroforestry system: http://www.worldagroforestry.org/resources/databases/agroforestree http://www.iucnredlist.org

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3. WILDLIFE PROTECTION 3.3

Critical Criterion. Hunting, capturing, extracting and trafficking wild animals must be prohibited on the farm. Cultural or ethnic groups are allowed to hunt or collect fauna in a controlled manner and in areas designated for those purposes under the following conditions: a. The activities do not involve species in danger of or threatened with extinction. b. There are established laws that recognize the rights of these groups to hunt or collect wildlife. c. Hunting and collection activities do not have negative impacts on the ecological processes or functions important for agricultural and local ecosystem sustainability. d. The long-term viability of the species’ populations is not affected. e. These activities are not for commercial purposes. Human – Wildlife Conflict: The NGO ProFauna as well as the BKSDA/Natural Resource Conservation Agency of the Ministry of Forestry can be contacted to receive advice on human – wildlife conflicts. The killing of animals due to human – wildlife conflicts is avoided and a last option for an emergency case only. Any animal killed by a human - wildlife conflict is documented in the farm records, the incident is brought to the attention of the auditor during the next audit, and the incidence is reported to the authorities (BKSDA/Natural Resource Conservation Agency of the Ministry of Forestry). Fishing in aquatic natural ecosystem: According to Indonesian legislation UU No 5, 1990, fishing may be allowed for non-protected species only. Additionally, to be in compliance with critical criterion 3.3, fishing activities are not for commercial purposes. However, fishing in man made water bodies, such as farm ponds, is not applicable under critical criterion 3.3 and commercial fishing may not be considered a non-compliance in such a case. Hunting for pest control: Wild pig/boar and rat are categorized as pests in Indonesia. Hunting for population control purpose of these species only is allowed. The BKSDA can be contacted for an up to date list of pest species and legal techniques to hunt such pests.

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4. WATER CONSERVATION 4.2 All surface or underground water exploited by the farm for agricultural, domestic or processing purposes must have the respective concessions and permits from the corresponding legal or environmental authorities. Relevant Indonesian regulations:  Peraturan Menteri Pekerjaan Umum No.: 49/PRT/1990 Tentang Tata Cara Dan Persyaratan Izin Penggunaan Air Dan Atau Sumber Air. Permit issuance:  For surface water exploitation: Head of village (Kepala Desa).  For underground water exploitation: SIPA on municipality level. 4.5

Critical Criterion. The farm must not discharge or deposit industrial or domestic wastewater into natural water bodies without demonstrating that the discharged water complies with the respective legal requirements, and that the wastewater’s physical and biochemical characteristics do not degrade the receiving water body. If legal requirements do not exist, the discharged wastewater must comply with the following minimum parameters: Water Quality Parameter Value Biochemical Oxygen Demand (DBO5, 20) Less than 50 mg/L Total suspended solids pH Between 6.0 – 9.0 Grease and oils Less than 30 mg/L Fecal coliforms Absent The mixing of wastewater with uncontaminated water for discharge into the environment is prohibited. Any generated wastewater requires an adequate treatment system containing at least a sedimentation pit, filter, and living indicator like fish or aquatic plants (also see the requirements of criterion 4.4). If farms release waste water into a natural aquatic ecosystem the below Indonesian legislations and requirements set in criterion 4.6 need to be complied with: a) Keputusan menteri negara lingkungan hidup Nomor : kep- 51/menlh/10/1995 tentang baku mutu limbah cair bagi kegiatan industri b) Keputusan menteri negara lingkungan hidup Nomor 112 tahun 2003 Tentang baku mutu air limbah domestic c) Peraturan Pemerintah No. 18 Tahun 1999 Tentang : Pengelolaan Limbah Bahan Berbahaya dan Beracun If a provincial legislation has been gazetted, it would apply as well.

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

5. FAIR TREATMENT AND GOOD WORKING CONDITIONS FOR WORKERS 5.2

Critical Criterion. The farm must not discriminate in its labor and hiring policies and procedures along the lines of race, color, gender, age, religion, social class, political tendencies, nationality, union membership, sexual orientation, civil status or any other motive as indicated by applicable laws, ILO Conventions 100 and 111, and this standard. The farm must offer equal pay, training and promotion opportunities and benefits to all workers for the same type of work. The farm must not influence the political, religious, social or cultural convictions of workers. Women and men receive the same pay for the same kind of work. Women and men have the same opportunities for the same kind of skills and competence. No employee is advantaged or disadvantaged for reasons of gender, religion, tribe, ethnicity or any other of the above-mentioned characteristics. A written policy needs to point these aspects of non-discrimination out and is communicated to the workers (estate) or group members (smallholder group). The estate management or the group administrator either compiles this policy. 5.5

Critical Criterion. Workers must receive pay in legal remuneration greater than or equal to the regional average or the legally established minimum wage, whichever is greater, according to their specific job. In cases where the salary is negotiated through collective bargaining or other pact, the worker must have access to a copy of this document during the hiring process. For production, quota or piecework, the established pay rate must allow workers to earn a minimum wage based on an eight-hour workday under average working conditions, or in cases where these conditions cannot be met. Legal Background in Indonesia Each district proposes a district minimum wage, which is based on the minimum living cost in the respective district by the provincial governor. Subsequently the governor gazettes: (1) A province minimum wage (UMP) as threshold of wages in the province - based on the lowest minimum living cost among all the districts in the province, and (2) The respective district minimum wages (UMK) for each district in the province. The UMK is in force in each respective district, not the UMP. Therefore the industry in a certain district complies with its particular district UMK. It may be the case that some districts have their UMK being equal to the UMP as those would be the districts with the lowest minimum living cost in the province. As a consequence of this gazette, there is no specific pepper industry province minimum wage. Thus to be in compliance with critical criterion 5.5, there are below aspects that need to be considered: 1) The minimum payment is based on the legally established minimum wage (UMK) of the respective district. 2) In case the company cannot afford to pay the set UMK, payment terms are negotiated in a three party bargaining process - as required by legislation. Considered topics for this negotiation are: a. Amount of wage payment (percentage of UMK) b. Benefits and remuneration c. Mechanism of payment: permanent workers, daily worker, temporary worker, pieced rate worker etc. d. Calculation of wage for every type of workers according to UMK and other factors, e.g. Pepper plant condition, weather, skills, working time. Estates may also provide free houses, electricity, water, health and educations, rice and other in

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kind contributions and benefits to workers. These in kind contributions together with their cash wages need to allow workers to live at least on the basis of the existing minimum living cost calculation in the respective district. However, workers have to be informed by estate management about their right to opt for full cash payment and to reject in kind payments. In that case, the full cash payment has at least to meet the respective UMK. Important note: The UMK is still used as baseline for the three party negotiation process as to ensure compliance with the Indonesian legislation and critical criterion 5.5 of the SAN standard. (3) For piece rate workers, productivity targets per time unit are calculated proportionally and fairly, so that under average working conditions the respective UMK is achieved based on an 8 hours workday. Therefore the calculation considers the plant condition, climate, working time, experience and any other external factor affecting workers productivity. Again, the respective UMK has to be used as reference in this calculation. If piece rates are agreed by a collective bargaining agreement (CBA), that CBA would become the prevailing rate since approved in a triparty agreement with Government authorities. Pre-condition to any valid CBA is, that it respects the set UMK. 5.14

Housing provided by the farm for permanent or temporary workers living there must be welldesigned, built and maintained to foster good hygienic, health and safety conditions. Living quarters must be separated from production areas. The farm must seek alternatives for relocating housing or camps that are currently within production areas. Workers and their families living on the farm must have access to recreation areas according to the composition of inhabitants. The design, size and construction of dormitories, barracks and other housing, type and quantity of furniture, and number and location of sanitary facilities, showers, and washing and cooking areas must comply with applicable laws. In absence of applicable laws the following elements and characteristics apply: a. The dormitories must be constructed with wooden floors above the ground or floors made from asphalt or concrete, roofs in good condition without leaks, and with appropriate ventilation and lighting. b. The ceiling must not be lower than 2.5 meters at any point. c. Five square meters of space per person in sleeping areas. d. Heating for cold climates. e. Bed, hammock or other dignified infrastructure for sleeping according to the workersâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; cultural needs, at least 20 centimetres above the ground. The space in between bunk beds is greater than or equal to 120 centimetres and 90 centimetres between each bed. f. Basic furniture for storing personal belongings. g. The sanitary facilities must comply with the following characteristics: one toilet for every 15 persons; one urinal for every 25 men; sufficient supply of toilet paper; a minimum distance of 30 meters from dormitories, eating areas and kitchens; one washbasin for every six persons, or per family. h. One shower per ten persons, separated by gender. i. One large laundry sink for every 30 persons. j. In the absence of a kitchen service (kitchen and dining hall provided by the farm), there must be installations outside the living areas for preparing and eating food and for washing kitchen utensils. There must be one cooking installation per 10 persons or for every two families.

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

The criterion does not require farms to provide housing in every case. However, in case the farm provides worker housing (indifferent if for seasonal or permanent workers), the housing conditions need to comply with the requirements specified by the Indonesian Ministry of Health:  Windows face two opposite directions to allow for air circulation.  The ventilation within rooms and kitchen is covering more than 10% of the room space.  The natural light within a room and during the day allows reading without artificial light (at standard eye health).  Each person has min. 10 square meters of space.  Any livestock is kept separate from human housing areas.  The housing is a solid construction of permanent walls (e.g. bricks or water proof wood).  The housing provides good sanitation; including: septic sewage tank; waste water system that does not contaminate natural water sources, keeps appropriate distance to natural water bodies, and channels domestic waste water to municipal treatment plants; closed and water proof garbage bins or waste dump sites. 5.15 All workers of the farm and persons living on the farm must have access to potable water. Sufficient supply of potable water must be provided to all workers and must be available at the work site. The farm must be able to demonstrate that the water provided complies with the physical and chemical parameters and other characteristics established in applicable laws or in their absence, with the following critical parameters defined by the World Health Organization (WHO): Water Quality Parameter Fecal Coliforms Chlorine residue or residue from other treatment disinfectants Nitrates pH Sodium Sulphates Turbidity

Value Zero 0.2 to 0.5 mg/L 10 mg/L as nitrates 6.5 to 8.5 20 mg/L 250 mg/L Less than or equal to 5 NTU

Non-family farms that obtain water from their own sources - water not supplied by aqueducts managed by other entities - must have a periodic drinking water monitoring and analysis program that includes a. Identification of water sources on a map and on the farm. b. Policies and procedures for guaranteeing the protection of water sources. c. Sampling procedures and sampling locations and frequency. d. Analyses conducted by a legally recognized laboratory (certified or authorized). e. A record of the results for the last three years or since the certification process was initiated. Additional analysis may be requested in order to ensure quality when evidence of direct or indirect contamination (such as erosion) of surface or underground water exists. The Indonesian Ministry of Health sets parameters and values on potable drinking water. Peraturan Menteri Kesehatan RI No. 907/MENKES/SK/VII/2002 Tanggal: 29 July 2002. Summary: Parameter E. coli or fecal coli

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Unit Amount per 100 ml sample

Maximum amount 0

Sustainable Agriculture Network pH Total soluble solid Chlorine

mg/l Âľg/l

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia 6.5 â&#x20AC;&#x201C; 8.5 1000 600-1000

Smallholder context: In the smallholder context, potable drinking water can be supplied in the following way: Either the farmers provide already potable water (e.g. sourced from a local authorized drinking water provider) to workers or take water from a natural spring and boil it before it is used as drinking water. Laboratory tests of drinking water for each and every smallholder farm are not applicable. In cases, smallholders provide non-potable drinking water to their workers without boiling it, the group administrator organises annual stratified random testing to demonstrate compliance with this criterion.

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6. OCCUPATIONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY 6.13

Critical Criterion. All workers that come into contact with agrochemicals, including those who clean or wash clothes or equipment that has been exposed to agrochemicals, must use personal protection equipment. The farm must provide this equipment in good condition, and must provide incentives to workers to use the equipment. The equipment must reduce contact with the agrochemicals and the possibility of acute or chronic poisoning, and must comply with the strictest of the following requirements: a) the requirements indicated on the productsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; Material Safety Data Sheet, b) any applicable laws; or c) the equipment indicated in Annex 2 of this standard. Smallholders: Smallholders, their families and temporary workers are expected to wear the appropriate PPE (according to the MSDS of the respective agrochemical) for any operation on the farm. The group administrator may provide further guidance on the appropriate PPE according to the used agrochemicals. Overall: PPE is chosen depending on the kind of agrochemicals used (and their accompanying MSDS). Overall, agrochemicals of higher toxicity levels require more sophisticated PPEs than less toxic agrochemicals. In the smallholder context it is recommended that the group administrator lists all agrochemicals used by the group members and recommends the appropriate PPE for each agrochemical in that list (based on the MSDS and Annex 2 of the SAN Standard). It is an option for group members to share certain PPE elements (e.g. to safe costs, especially for the more expensive elements of a PPE set). In the estate context, the farm manager (or a person appointed by him/her) shall establish such a list of all agrochemicals in store and indicate the appropriate PPE set to be worn when handling it. Additionally, farms that hire workers to handle agrochemicals are encouraged to provide incentives to workers for wearing the PPE correctly. If food items are handed out to workers this has to be done after the agrochemical application and them having had their obligatory shower.

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7. COMMUNITY RELATIONS 7.2

Critical Criterion. The farm management must implement policies and procedures for identifying and considering the interests of local populations and community interest groups regarding farm activities or changes that could have an impact on their health, employment or local natural resources. The farm must document and make available for public view all complaints and comments it receives related to its activities and its replies to them. Policies and procedures are in place to receive and handle complaints and conflict of interest from workers, group members (internal) or local communities (external). All complains and replies are recorded and made publically available upon request. On the group level, the group administrator is in charge of setting up and managing such a complaint system. On the farm level this is the responsibility of the farm management. Farmers can discuss problems among each other with the facilitation by a community leader. Social control has a big role to solve any problem or interest among villagers. However, if the conflict cannot be settled internally external bodies need to be involved. Depending on the conflict matter this may require external mediators (e.g. non-government organizations) or the legal authorities (e.g. village government and district government). Development of infrastructures (e.g. processing facilities) that could affect local communities have the required permits: a. In case of the construction of new infrastructure (e.g. buildings, roads), the following series of permissions is acquired: 1. A permission or declaration of acceptance from the affected community of such an infrastructure investment. (HO [Ijin Gangguan] and IMB). 2. Permission or declaration of acceptance to get an official permission to disturb. 3. Permission to disturb is necessary to get construction permission â&#x20AC;&#x201C; all three documents are governmental documents: i. Name of the permissions: HO or Surat Izin Gangguan ii. Name of the authority: Dinas Perizinan of each province b. Infrastructure constructions in rural areas firstly require a permission from the tribal head or village head. Then the steps under a) are followed. 7.6

The farm must have a legitimate right to land use and tenure, demonstrated by presenting the appropriate official documentation. If there is no such documentation the farm must show either: a. The absence of significant disputes on land use, tenure and access, or; b. The consent of local communities, regarding the land, natural and agricultural resources. Smallholder context: Most smallholders do not have a land title since this is an expensive document. a. For non-forest area: A land declaration issued by the village head [Surat Keterangan Tanah] or a buying certificate of the land bought (Surat Jual Beli Tanah) is an equally sufficient proof of legitimate right to land use. b. For forest area: Under the Ministerial Decree of Forestry [Permenhut No.37/2009] on joint operation and land tenure, a permission to use wood forest products and forest plants would be a proof of land tenure rights. To explain this in detail: The central government has the right to set aside a forest area [e.g. production forest and particularly degraded forest area] where wood forest product and forest plants can be managed and used. This set aside forest area is then managed by the local government [regent] that can provide temporary tenure permission to the group of community as Community

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Forest [Hutan Kemasyaratan] and Community Plantation [Hutan Tanaman Rakyat-HTR] for 5 years under the condition to plant and maintain 400 woody trees per hectare of permitted area. The regent could extend the status of land tenure to permanent tenure permission for 35 years. In this case, where farmer manage farms in forest areas under the above condition, permanent land tenure permission granted by the regent can be used as legal permission â&#x20AC;&#x201C; and proof of 7.6 compliance - to manage farm in forest area. However â&#x20AC;&#x201C; any farm operating under such a permit is potentially in non-compliance with critical criterion 2.2. Therefore trainers, group administrators and auditors need to be cautious in situations a farm is operating under such a permit and need to do a detailed on farm assessment with regard to 2.2 compliance. Such a permit is not proof of compliance with critical criterion 2.2. In Indonesia, many farms are owned by city people and managed by villagers (operators) on a share cropping agreement. In case the operator wants to join the certification program, the group administrator or operator has prior approval from the landowner to follow the certification program and the landowner equally provides documentation on the legitimate right to land use.

8. INTEGRATED CROP MANAGEMENT 8.2 The farm must demonstrate by comparative agrochemical inventories and use records that it rotates chemical products and reduces their use for crop production. The agrochemical inventory on the farm must include, as a minimum requirement, the commercial and generic product names, the quantities acquired and the purchase dates. For field applications, the farm must record the following information: a. Products applied and application dates. b. Identification of the area where the application was made (on a map or clearly identified by the name or number of the plot). c. Application area size (in hectares or another indicated unit of measurement). d. Dosage and total volume of products used. e. Names of the persons responsible for mixing the products and authorizing the application. f. Names of the persons that carried out the field application. g. Identification of application equipment used (backpack or motorized sprayer, fumigation airplane, spray boom, etc.). h. The farm must keep a record of applications for five years. The information from records must be summarized and analyzed to determine application trends for specific products during the last five years. Certified farms do have an inventory of name and quantity of agrochemicals in stock. They also keep records on the field application (date, name of agrochemical, person who authorized use, person who applied it, quantity used, application technique, plot of use, crop of use, indication of use). Records are kept for min. 5 years. Certified farms do not use any agrochemicals listed on any of the prohibited pesticides list applicable â&#x20AC;&#x201C; e.g. SAN prohibited pesticide list and Indonesian Government prohibited pesticide list.

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8.7 Farms must only use fumigation methods for post-harvest treatment that minimize health effects in workers and control applications. Records must be maintained of any post-harvest treatment. These records must at least include the following information: treatment application date, lot or batch number, the active ingredientâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s name of the applied product, dose, and the names of the persons who applied and mixed the product(s) and approved the application. Most commonly pepper is only dried either by drying under the sun, solar driers or drying machine. In case any fumigation method is used, certified farms ensure that no agrochemicals are used that are on any of the applicable prohibited pesticide lists (e.g. SAN prohibited pesticide list and Indonesian prohibited pesticide list). 8.9 The use of fire for pest and disease management must only be used if it is the option of less environmental impact in comparison with other pest control measures. This option must be approved by competent authorities, must reflect technical considerations and focus on problematic areas only. Pepper farms that plan to control certain diseases by the use of fire, require an approval by a competent authority (Research Centre, Ministry of Agriculture) that the control by fire is the only available control technique OR the technique of least environmental impact.

9. SOIL MANAGEMENT AND CONSERVATION 9.1 The farm must execute a soil erosion prevention and control program that minimizes the risk of erosion and reduces existing erosion. The program activities must be based on the identification of soils affected by or susceptible to erosion, as well as soil properties and characteristics, climatic conditions, topography and agricultural practices for the crop. Special emphasis must be placed on controlling runoff and wind erosion from newly tilled or planted areas, as well as preventing sedimentation of water bodies. The farm must use and expand vegetative ground covers on the banks and bottoms of drainage canals to reduce erosion and agrochemical drift and runoff towards water bodies. The group administrator is in charge of setting up the soil erosion prevention and control programme based on the results of a risk assessment. Group members have to implement the specified actions of the program.

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Annex 1: Distances between production areas and terrestrial ecosystems, aquatic ecosystems and areas of human activity Separations in meters between areas of crop production terrestrial ecosystems, aquatic ecosystems and areas of human activity, based on crop-management intensity, are shown in the following table. The farm must comply with the distances indicated in the table or by applicable laws, whatever is stricter. The separation from aquatic ecosystems is indicated according to the average percentage of slope of the surrounding terrain. For example, farms that apply agrochemicals less than once per month and do not use WHO category Ia, Ib or II products, must maintain a separation of five meters between streams and crop production areas on flat land. For roads, the separation indicates the width of the buffer strip between the crop and the edge of the road in which the use of agrochemicals or the production of crops is prohibited. These areas must have vegetative barriers. In some cases, different distances apply per distance category (columns), with respect to crops that use or do not use aerial or spray boom fumigation, or agroforestry crops. This table applies to all crops specified in the Farm Certification Policy. In the case of mixed crops in the same production area, the greatest distance must apply. The following definitions apply:  High use of inputs: Minimum one of the following conditions is met by the farm: a.) WHO category Ia, Ib and II pesticides (see Annex 3) are applied; b.) The frequency of pesticide application is two or more times per month.  Housing or similar areas: Houses, schools, dining areas, health clinics, recreation areas or similar infrastructure where human activity takes place on a daily basis.  Infrequent use: Storage areas, packing sheds, warehouses, workshops, processing plants and other similar infrastructure where workers carry out activities for short periods of time (less than 30 minutes per day) no more than twice per week.  Low use of inputs: All of the following conditions are met by the farm: a.) Only WHO category III and IV pesticides are used; b.) The frequency of pesticide application is maximum once per month; c.) Aerial fumigation or applications using spraybooms are not employed.  Organic: Farms in which the audit team proves that chemical pesticides or fertilizers are not used; or farms that are certified organic by certification bodies accredited by the International Organic Accreditation Service (IOAS).  Permanent use: Storage areas, packing sheds, warehouses, workshops, processing plants and other similar infrastructure where workers carry out activities on a daily basis.  Public roads: Roads, streets or highways that connect or lead to population centers (towns, settlements, cities) and are used for transportation or by pedestrians on a daily basis.

Table of Separations SAN-G-34-1

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Note: As determined by criterion 1.1, the respective distances defined in the local legislation apply, if these are stricter than the distances defined in this table of separations.

Slope:

Type of crop management High input use Low input use Organic ≤ 8%1 > 8%2 ≤ 8% > 8% ≤ 8% > 8%

1. Terrestrial ecosystems (meters): a. Secondary growth (without significant human disturbance for minimum 10 years) b. Primary and Crops with Aerial / Sprayboom secondary Fumigation forests, bush Crops without Aerial/ lands, grass Sprayboom Fumigation or lands and Agroforestry Crops paramos

30 10

20 10

2. Aquatic ecosystems (meters): a. Perennial and seasonal streams, brooks, creeks (width less than or equal to 3 m) b. Rivers (width Crops with Aerial / Sprayboom greater than 3 Fumigation m), lakes, lagoons, Crops without Aerial/ Sprayboom Fumigation or swamps, marshes, bogs Agroforestry crops c.

Springs

Crops with Aerial / Sprayboom Fumigation Crops without Aerial/ Sprayboom Fumigation or Agroforestry crops

30 10

20 10

20 20

3. Areas of human activity (meters): a. Public roads b. Buildings: Housing or similar use

Buildings: Permanent use

d. Buildings: Infrequent use

1 2

Crops with Aerial / Sprayboom Fumigation Crops without Aerial/ Sprayboom Fumigation Agroforestry crops Crops with Aerial / Sprayboom Fumigation Crops without Aerial/ Sprayboom Fumigation Agroforestry crops Crops with Aerial / Sprayboom Fumigation Crops without Aerial/ Sprayboom Fumigation or Agroforestry crops

20 10 30 20 10 10

Slope of less than or equal to 8% Slope of greater than 8%

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Annex 2: List of protected wildlife species in Indonesia A: AVES Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Family

Common name (English)

Species

Kasuari kerdil

Cassuaridae

Dwarf cassocary

Casuarius bennetti

Kasuari gelambir ganda

Cassuaridae

Double wattled cassowary

Casuarius casuarius

Kasuari gelambir tunggal

Cassuaridae

Single wattled cassorary

Casuarius unappendicularis

Undan kacamata

Peleeanidae

Australian pelican

Pelecanus conspicilatus

Undan putih

Peleeanidae

Easterm white pelican

Pelecanus onocrotalus

Undan paruh botol

Peleeanidae

Spet billed pelican

Pelecanus roseus

Gangsa batu abbetti

Sulidae

Abbott's booby

Sula abbotti

Gangsa batu muka biru

Sulidae

Blue faced booby

Sula dactylatra

Gangsa batu coklat

Sulidae

Browned booby

Sula leucogaster

Gangsa batu kaki merah

Sulidae

Red feeted booby

Sula sula

Pecuk ular

Anhingidae

Oriental darter

Anhinga melanogaster

Bintayung P. Christmas

Freaitidae

Christmas island frigate bird

Fregata andrewsi

Kuntul besar

Ardeidae

Greater egret

Egretta alba

Kuntul sedang

Ardeidae

Lesser egret

Egretta intermedia

Kuntul kecil

Ardeidae

Little egret

Egretta garzetta

Kuntul china

Ardeidae

Chinese egret

Egretta eulophotes

Kuntul karang

Ardeidae

Pasific reef-egret

Egretta sacra

Kuntul kerbau

Ardeidae

Cattle egret

Bubulcus ibis

Kowak maran

Ardeidae

Rufous night heron

Nycticorac caledonicus

Bangau hitam

Ciconiidae

Wolly necked strok

Ciconia episcopus

Bluwok putih

Ciconiidae

Milky strok

Ibis cinereus

Bangau tongtong

Ciconiidae

Lesser adjutan stork

Leptoptilos javanicus

Bluwok berwarna

Ciconiidae

Painted stork

Ibis leucocephalus

Ibis putih kepala hitam

Threskiornithedae

Black headed ibis

Threskiornis melanocephalus

Ibis bahu putih

Threskiornithedae

White shoulderet ibis

Pseudibis davisoni

Roko-roko

Threskiornithedae

Glassy ibis

Plegadis faleinellus

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Family

Common name (English)

Species

Alap-alap

Accipitridae

Shikra goshawk

Acciptiter badius

Alap-alap berkalung

Accipitridae

Maluccan sparrowhawk

Accipiter trivirgatus

Alap-alap coklat

Accipitridae

Brown goshawk

Accipiter fasciatus

Alap-alap Sulawesi

Accipitridae

Celebes gostad goshawk

Accipiter grisniceps

Alap-alap kepala putih

Accipitridae

White handed sparrowhawk

Accipiter henicegrammus

Alap-alap punggung hitam

Accipitridae

Black mattled sparrowhawk

Accipiter melanochlamys

Alap-alap meyer

Accipitridae

Meyer's goshawk

Accipiter mayerrimus

Alap-alap kecil Sulawesi

Accipitridae

Celebes little sparrowhawk

Accipiter nanus

Alap-alap putih

Accipitridae

White goshawk

Accipiter novanellandiae

Alap-alap kepala kelabu

Accipitridae

Grey headed sparrowhawk

Accipiter poliocephalus

Alap-alap Sulawesi

Accipitridae

Vinous broasted sparrowhawk

Accipiter rhodegaster

Alap-alap China

Accipitridae

Chinese coshawk

Accipiter soloensis

Alap-alap jambul

Accipitridae

Grasted coshawk

Accipiter trivirgatus

Alap-alap ekor bintik

Accipitridae

Spottailed sparrowhawk

Accipiter trinotatus

Alap-alap burung

Accipitridae

Asiatic sparrowhawk

Accipiter virgatus

Alap-alap kadal jambul

Accipitridae

Crested lizard hawk

Avicerda jerdoni

Alap-alap kukuk

Accipitridae

Cuckeo falcon hawk

Avicerda subcristata

Elang kelabu

Accipitridae

Gray fased buzzard

Butastur indicus

Elang coklat

Accipitridae

Cinamon winge buzzard

Butastur liventer

Elang rawa

Accipitridae

March harrier

Circus aruginosus

Elang tutul

Accipitridae

Spotted harrier

Circus assimulis

Elang tikus

Accipitridae

Black winged kite

Elanus caeruleus

Elang China

Accipitridae

Pied harrier

Crious melannoleucus

Elang laut perut putih

Accipitridae

White bellied sea eagle

Haliaetus leucogaster

Elang bondol, wulung

Accipitridae

Brahminy kite

Haliastur indus

Elang siul

Accipitridae

Whistling kite

Haliastur spenurus

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Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

Elang Irian

Accipitridae

New Guinea haspy eagle

Harcyopsi novaegoineae

Elang

Accipitridae

Hawk eagle

Henicopernis lengicauda

Elang kecil

Accipitridae

Ruffous bellied eagle

Hieraeus kienerii

Elang kecil Australi

Accipitridae

Little eagle

Hicoratus morphoides

Elang laut kelabu

Accipitridae

Grey headed fishing eagle

Ichthyopaga ichthiaetus

Elang laut kecil

Accipitridae

Lesser fishing eagle

Ichthyopaga nana

Elang jambul hitam

Accipitridae

Black eagle

Ictinaetus malayensis

Alap-alap kelelawar

Accipitridae

Bat hawk

Machaerhamphus aleinus

Alap-alap doria

Accipitridae

Daria's goshawk

Magatrierchis doriae

Alap-alap malam

Accipitridae

Black kite

Milrus migrans

Alap-alap belang

Accipitridae

Farred honey buzzard

Pernis celebensis

Alap-alap madu

Accipitridae

Asiatic honey buzzard

Pernis ptiloryhynchus

Elang ular

Accipitridae

Crested serpent eagle

Spilornis cheela

Bido Sulawesi

Accipitridae

Celebes serpent eagle

Spilornis rufipectus

Bido Andaman

Accipitridae

Andaman serpent eagle

Spelernis elgini

Elang Jawa

Accipitridae

Java hawk eagle

Spizeatus bartelsi

Elang hitam

Accipitridae

Changeable hawk eagle

Spizeatus cirrhatus

Elang gurne

Accipitridae

Hawk eagle

Spizeatus gurcayi

Elang hitam putih

Accipitridae

Black and White hawk eagle

Spizeatus alboniger

Elang Sulawesi

Accipitridae

Hawk eagle

Spizeatus nipalensis

Elang Sulawesi jambul

Accipitridae

Celebes shorterested hakw eagle

Spizeatus lanceolatus

Elang biliton/Elang Wallace

Accipitridae

Wallace's hawk eagle

Spizeatus nanus

Garuda Australia

Accipitridae

Wedge tailed eagle

Aqulia audax

Garuda Irian

Accipitridae

Gurney's eagle

Aqulia gurneyi

Elang ikan

Pandiondae

Osprey

Pandion baliaetus

Sikap elang

Falconidae

Peregine falcon

Falio peregrinus

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

Alap-alap macan

Falconidae

Oriental hobby

Falio sewerus

Alap-alap

Falconidae

Common kestrel

Falio tinnunculus

Alap-alap kecil

Falconidae

Little falcon

Falio longipennis

Alap-alap Irian

Falconidae

Nanken kestrel

Falio cenchroides

Alap-alap menara

Falconidae

Spotted kestrel

Falio nolvecensis

Elang belalang

Falconidae

Black legged falconet

Microchierax fringillarius

Elang kecil borneo

Falconidae

Bornean falconed

Microchierax latiforas

Maleo

Magapodidae

Maleo

Maerocepahalon maleo

Burung gosong

Magapodidae

Incubator bird

Megapodius reinwardt

Burung gosong

Magapodidae

Waffled brush Incubstro bird

Aepypodius arfakisnus

Burung gosong

Magapodidae

Bryn's brush Incubator bird

Aepypodius bruijni

Burung gosong

Magapodidae

Mollucan srub hern

Eulipoa wallacei

Gosong

Magapodidae

Incubator bird

Megapodius affinis

Gosong

Magapodidae

Incubator bird

Megapodius nicobarensis

Gosong

Magapodidae

Incubator bird

Megapodius fenimberensis

Kamur

Magapodidae

Black belied bursh

Telagalla fuscirostris

Umgran

Magapodidae

Brown collared brush turkey

Telagalla jobienis

Kuao

Phasianidae

Great argus pheasant

Argusianus argus

Merak

Phasianidae

Green peafowl

Pavo mutiacus

Merak kerdil

Phasianidae

Malaysian peaccok pheasat

Polyplectron malacense

Beleang bulwor

Phasianidae

Bulwer's watted pheasant

Lophura bulweri

100

Jenjang

Gruidae

Sarus grane

Grus satigone

101

Mandar

Ballidae

Celebes rail

Aramidopsis plateni

102

Trulek Jawa

Charairiidae

Javanese wafiled lapwing

Venellus tricolor

103

Blekok asin

Scolopacidae

Asia dowitser

Limoodromus semipalmatus

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

104

Gegajahan besar

Scolopacidae

Buraskan curlew

Numenius arquata

105

Gegajahan sedang

Scolopacidae

Wimbrel

Numenius shcopus

106

Gegajahan paruh besar

Scolopacidae

Curlew

Numenius madagascariensis

107

Gegajahan kecil

Scolopacidae

Little curlew

Numenius minutus

108

Trinil Asia

Scolopacidae

Spotted grennshank

Trianga guttifer

109

Trulak lidi

Recurvirestridae

Blank winget stilt

Himantopus himantopus

110

Wili-wili

Burhinidae

Grent reef thick

Esacus magnirostris

111

Dara laut berjambul

Lariadae

Chinese crosted tern

Sterna ziumermani

112

Camar coklat

Lariadae

Brown noody

Anous stolidus

113

Camar kerudi putih

Lariadae

White capped noody

Abous minutus

114

Camar hitam

Lariadae

Black noody

Anous tenuirostris

115

Dara laut kumis

Lariadae

Whishered tern

Chilodonias hubrida

116

Dara laut sayap hitam

Lariadae

Black tern

Chilodonias niger

117

Dara laut sayap putih

Lariadae

White winged tern

Chilodonias leucopterus

118

Dara laut paruh hitam

Lariadae

Gull billed tern

Gelochelidon nilotica

119

Dara putih mata cincin

Lariadae

White tern

Gygas alba

120

Dara laut kecil

Lariadae

Little tern

Sterna albifrons

121

Dara laut kendal

Lariadae

Bridled tern

Sterna anaethetus

122

Dara laut jambul kecil

Lariadae

Lesser crested tern

Sterna bengalensis

123

Dara laut jambul besar

Lariadae

Grenter crested tern

Sterna bergii

124

Dara laut dougalii

Lariadae

Rosente tern

Sterna dougallii

125

Dara laut hitam

Lariadae

Sooty tern

Sterna fuscata

126

Dara laut hirunda

Lariadae

Common tern

Sterna hirunda

127

Dara laut tengkuk hitam

Lariadae

Bale naped tern

Sterna sumatrana

128

Junai emas

Columbidae

Wicobar pigeon

Goura nicobarica

129

Mambruk skop makeri

Columbidae

Growded pigeon

Geura sekecamakeri

130

Mambruk biasa

Columbidae

Growded piegeon

Geura crisfata

131

Mambruk viktoria

Columbidae

Victoria crowded pigeon

Geura victoria

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

132

Kakatua putih besar Jambul Kuning

Psittacidae

Sulphur crested cockatoo

Cacatua galerita

133

Payap

Psittacidae

Eclectus parrot

Larius otatus

134

Serindit Sulawesi

Psittacidae

Grren hanging parrot

Loriculus exilis

135

Nuri merah kepala hitam

Psittacidae

Purple naped lory

Lorius domicellus

136

Nuri merah kepala hitam dada biru

Psittacidae

Black capped lory

Lorius lory

137

Kakatua raja

Psittacidae

Plam cockatoo

Probosciger attrimus

138

Kasturi raja

Psittacidae

Pecguat's parot

Psittrichas fulgidus

139

Nuri Sulawesi

Psittacidae

Muller's parrot

Tanyganthus sumatranus

140

Kasturi Sulawesi

Psittacidae

Ornate lory

Trichoglossus ornatus

141

Celepuk Biak

Strigidae

Biak scope owl

Otus manadensis

142

Kasumba

Trogonidae

Diardi's trogon

Harpectes diardii

143

Kasumba punggung ungu

Trogonidae

Scarlet rumped trogon

Harpectes duayucelli

144

Kasumba kepala merah

Trogonidae

Red herded trogon

Harpectes erythrochophalus

145

Kasumba merah

Trogonidae

Red naped trogon

Harpectes kasumba

146

Kasumba dada oranye

Trogonidae

Orange brasted trogon

Harpectes oraskios

147

Kasumba tinanggang cinnamas

Trogonidae

Cinnamon remped trogon

Harpectes orrhophaenus

148

Kasumba ekor biru

Trogonidae

Blue tailed trogon

Harpectes reinwardtii

149

Kasumba Kalimantan

Trpgpmodae

White head's trogon

Harpectes white headi

150

Raja udang sungai

Alcedinade

River kingfisher

Alcedo atthis

151

Raja udang biru kecil

Alcedinidae

Small blue kingfisher

Alcedo coerulescens

152

Raja udang binti

Alcedinidae

Brond zoned kingfisher

Alcedo euryzone

153

Raja udang meninting

Alcedinidae

Malaysian Kingfisher

Alcedo meninting

154

Raja udang biru

Alcedinidae

Azura Kingfisher

Ceyx azurea

155

Raja udang kuku tiga

Alcedinidae

Indian forest Kingfisher

Ceyx ecithacus

156

Raja udang kerdil Sulawesi

Alcedinidae

Kingfisher celebes pygmy

Ceyx fallax

157

Raja udang elok

Alcedinidae

Dwarf Kingfisher

Ceyx jepidus

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

158

Raja udang kecil

Alcedinidae

Little Kingfisher

Ceyx pusillus

159

Raja udang hutan punggung merah

Alcedinidae

Malay forest Kingfisher

Ceyx rufidorsum

161

Raja udang paruh sendok

Alcedinidae

Dhovel billed Kingfisher

Clytoreyx rex

162

Raja udang besar paruh merah

Alcedinidae

Red bellied great Kingfisher

Dacelo gaudichaud

163

Raja udang Irian sayap biru

Alcedinidae

Blue winged kookabura

Dacelo leachii

164

Raja udang aru besar

Alcedinidae

Aru giant Kingfisher

Dacelo tyro

165

Raja udang Timor

Alcedinidae

King fisher

Halcyon australis

166

Raja udang kalung putih

Alcedinidae

White cilared Kingfisher

Halcyon chloris

167

Raja udang kalung coklat

Alcedinidae

Chestnur callared Kingfisher

Halcyon conoreta

168

Raja udang merah

Alcedinidae

Red Kingfisher

Halcyon coromando

169

Raja udang biru Jawa

Alcedinidae

Javan Kingfisher

Halcyon cyanoventris

170

Raja udang

Alcedinidae

Kingfisher Kingfisher

Halcyon funebris

171

Raja udang

Alcedinidae

Kingfisher

Halcyon filgida

172

Raja udang hutan

Alcedinidae

Forest Kingfisher

Halcyon machleay

173

Raja udang gunung paruh kuning

Alcedinidae

Mountain yellow billed Kingfisher

Halcyon megarhyncha

174

Raja udang

Alcedinidae

Kingfisher moluccan

Halcyon monacha

175

Raja udang biru hitam

Alcedinidae

Blue black Kingfisher

Halcyon nigrocyanea

176

Raja udang kuduk hitam

Alcedinidae

Black capped Kingfisher

Halcyon pileata

177

Raja udang leher putih

Alcedinidae

White throated Kingfisher

Halcyon sinyrnensis

178

Raja udang

Alcedinidae

Kingfisher

Halcyon princeps

179

Raja udang

Alcedinidae

Scred Kingfisher

Halcyon saneta

180

Raja udang kepala putih

Alcedinidae

White headed Kingfisher

Halcyon saurophaga

181

Raja udang paruh kuning kecil

Alcedinidae

Lesser yellow billed Kingfisher

Halcyon torotoro

182

Raja udang

Alcedinidae

Kingfisher

Halcyon laruli

183

Raja udang pita

Alcedinidae

Banded Kingfisher

Alcedo pulchella

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

184

Raja udang paruh bengkok

Alcedinidae

Hook billed Kingfisher

Melidora macorrina

185

Raja udang paruh bango

Alcedinidae

Stock billed Kingfisher

Pelargopsis copensis

186

Raja udang perut hitam

Alcedinidae

Kingfisher black bellied

Pelargopsis sp

187

Raja udang numfor

Alcedinidae

Numfor paradise Kingfisher

Tanysiptera corolinae

188

Raja udang kafiau

Alcedinidae

Kofiau paradise Kingfisher

Tonysiptera ellioti

189

Raja udang ekor panjang

Alcedinidae

Common paradise Kingfisher

Tanysiptera galatea

190

Raja udang Aru

Alcedinidae

Aru paradise Kingfisher

Tanysiptera hydrochlaris

191

Raja udang kemerahmerahan

Alcedinidae

Pint breasted paradise Kingfisher

Tanysiptera nympha

192

Raja udang Biak

Alcedinidae

Biak paradise Kingfisher

Tanysiptera reidelii

193

Raja udang ekor putih

Alcedinidae

White tailed paradise Kingfisher

Tanysiptera sylvia

194

Raja udang punggung coklat

Alcedinidae

Brown backed paradise Kingfisher

Tanysiptera danae

195

Raja udang

Alcedinidae

Kingfisher

Tanysiptera dane

196

Rangkok button

Bucerotidae

Hornbill

Aceros cassidix

197

Kangkareng

Bucerotidae

Hornbill

Aceros coronatus

198

Rangkok Sumba

Bucerotidae

Sumba Hornbill

Aceros everetti

199

Burung tahun

Bucerotidae

Wrinkled Hornbill

Aceros leucocephalus

200

Burung lipat

Bucerotidae

Blyth's Hornbill

Aceros plicatus

201

Enggang musim

Bucerotidae

Wieated Hornbill

Aceros undulatus

202

Enggang jambul putih

Bucerotidae

White crested Hornbill

Berenicornis comatus

203

Enggang hitam

Bucerotidae

Bushy crested Hornbill

Anorrhinus guleritus

204

Enggang hitam

Bucerotidae

Black Hornbill

Anthrococeros malayanus

205

Rangkok kecil

Bucerotidae

Pied Hornbill

Anthrococeros malabaricus

206

Rangkok badak

Bucerotidae

Rhinoceros Hornbill

Buceros rhinoceros

207

Rangkok papan

Bucerotidae

Great Hornbill

Buceros bicornis

208

Enggang gading

Bucerotidae

Helmeted Hornbill

Rhnoplax virgil

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

209

Rangkok Irian

Bucerotidae

Papuan

Rhyctceros plicatus

210

Rangkok Sulawesi

Bucerotidae

Celebes Hornbill

Penelopides ezarnatus

211

Maruku

Capitonidae

Brown throaled barbet

Megalaima corvina

212

Tulum tumpuk

Capitonidae

Java barbet

Megalaima javensis

213

Cangkarang

Capitonidae

Blue crowned barbet

Megalaima armillaris

214

Paok kepala biru

Pittidae

Blue headed pitta

Pitta baudi

215

Paok sayap biru

Pittidae

Blue winged pitta

Pitta brachyura

216

Paok besar biru

Pittidae

Giant pitta

Pitta caerulea

217

Paok dada merah

Pittidae

Red breasted pitta

Pitta crythrogaster

218

Paok garnet

Pittidae

Garnet pitta

Pitta garnatina

219

Paok ekor biru

Pittidae

Bandet pitta

Pitta guajana

220

Paok halmahera

Pittidae

Greatur pitta

Pitta maxima

221

Paok Maluku

Pittidae

Moluccan blue

Pitta mollucensis

222

Paok Schneideri

Pittidae

Schneide's pitta

Pitta achneideri

223

Paok topi

Pittidae

Hoode pitta

Pitta sordida

224

Paok biru

Pittidae

Blue banded pitta

Pitta aravata

225

Paok

Pittidae

Hoisy pitta

Pitta versicolor

226

Burung kipas biru

Muscicapidae

Rueek's blue flycather

Muscivapa rueeki

227

Burung kipas

Muscicapidae

Malaysian fantail flycather

Rhipidura javanica

228

Burung kipas ekor merah

Muscicapidae

Red tailed fantail

Rhipidura phoenicura

229

Burung kipas gunung

Muscicapidae

White bellied fantail

Rhipidura euryura

230

Glatik kecil

Aegithalidae

Pygmy tit

Psaltrai exilis

231

Burung madu sangir

Nectariniidae

Duyrebode's sunbird

Aethopyga doyvenhodei

232

Burung madu

Nectariniidae

Khul's sunbird

Aethopyga eximia

233

Burung madu merah

Nectariniidae

Scarlet sunbird

Aethopyga mystacalis

234

Burung madu merah jingga

Nectariniidae

Crismon sunbird

Aethopyga siparaja

235

Burung madu

Nectariniidae

Brown throaled

Anthreptes malarensis

236

Burung madu/jantingan

Nectariniidae

Red throated sunbird

Anthreptes rhodolaema

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Nr.

Common name (Indonesian)

237

Burung madu pipi merah

Nectariniidae

Ruby cheeked sunbird

Anthreptes singalensis

238

Burung jantung kelabu

Nectariniidae

Grey breasted spiderhunter

Araehnothera affinis

239

Burung jantung kecil

Nectariniidae

Lesser yellow eared spiderhunter

Araehnothera chryssogenya

240

Burung madu paruh tebal

Nectariniidae

Thiek billed

Araehnothera crassirostris

241

Burung jantung besar

Nectariniidae

Greather yellow spiderhunter

Araehnothera flavigaster

242

Burung jantung besar

Nectariniidae

Long billed spiderhunter

Araehnothera robusta

243

Burung madu

Nectariniidae

Little spiderhunter

Araehnothera longirostris

244

Burung Madu kuduk ungu

Nectariniidae

Purple naped sunbird

Nectarinia hypogrammicum

245

Burung Madu tenggorokan ungu

Nectariniidae

Purple throated sunbird

Nectarinia sperata

246

Burung Madu tenggorokan pirang

Nectariniidae

Copper throated sunbird

Nectarinia chalcostetha

247

Burung Madu kuning

Nectariniidae

Yellow breated sunbird

Nectarinia jugularis

248

Burung Madu hitam

Nectariniidae

Black sunbird

Nectarinia sericea

249

Burung kacamata leher abu-abu

Zosterropidae

Javan grey throated white eye

Lophozosterops javanica

250

Burung Madu dada coklat

Meliphagidae

Rufous breasted honeyeater

Conophila albogularis

251

Burung Madu mata biru

Meliphagidae

Blue faced honeyeater

Entomyzen eater

252

Burung Madu mata putih

Meliphagidae

White eye honeyeater

Glycichaera fallax

253

Burung Madu kuping putih

Meliphagidae

White eared honeyeater

Lichmera albenuricularis

254

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Honey eater

Lichmera flavieans

255

Burung Madu hijau

Meliphagidae

Plain olie honeyeater

Lichmera argentarurus

256

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Money eater

Lichmera deningeri

257

Burung Sedap Madu coklat

Meliphagidae

Brown honeyeater

Lichmera indistineta

258

Burung Madu Lombok

Meliphagidae

Lombok honeyeater

Lichmera lombokia

259

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Honey eater

Lichmera monticola

SAN-G-34-1

Family

Common name (English)

Species

Sustainable Agriculture Network Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

260

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Honey eater

Lichmera notabilis

261

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Honey eater

Lichmera squamata

262

Burung Madu Belford

Meliphagidae

Belford's honeyeater

Melideetes beredi

263

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Soety honeyeater

Melideetes ruscus

264

Burung Madu muka putih

Meliphagidae

White fronted honeyeater

Melideetes leueestephes

265

Burung Madu gunung

Meliphagidae

Mid mountain honeyeater

Melideetes achromelas

266

Burung Madu kumis

Meliphagidae

Long bearded honeyeater

Melideetes princeps

267

Burung Madu kumis

Meliphagidae

Short bearned honeyeater

Melideetes neuhuysi

268

Burung Madu dada coklat

Meliphagidae

Linnamen bearted honeyeater

Melideetes terguatus

269

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Long billed honeyeater

Melideetes megarhyuchus

270

Burung Madu becak putih

Meliphagidae

White marked honeyeater

Melideetes albonetata

271

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Memic honeyeater

Melideetes analoga

272

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Puff bathed honeyeater

Melideetes arvensis

273

Burung Madu kuning

Meliphagidae

Yellow gadep honeyeater

Meliphaga flavirictus

274

Burung Madu paruh langsing

Meliphagidae

Sleder billed honeyeater

Meliphaga graccilis

275

Burung Madu besar

Meliphagidae

Large spot breastedeater

Meliphaga mimikae

276

Burung Madu telinga putih

Meliphagidae

White eared honeyeater

Meliphaga montang

277

Burung Madu dada tutul

Meliphagidae

Small spot breasted honeyeater

Meliphaga eroentalis

278

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Singing honeyeater

Meliphaga virescens

279

Burung Hantu

Meliphagidae

Common melipetes

Meliphaga fumigarus

280

Burung Madu arfak

Meliphagidae

Arfak melipetes

Meliphaga gymnops

281

Burung Madu Sulawesi

Meliphagidae

Celebes honeyeater

Myza celebensis

282

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Honeyeater

Myza sarasincrum

283

Burung Madu gunung merah

Meliphagidae

Mountain red headed Honeyeater

Myzomela adolphinae

284

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Honeyeater

Myzomela blassii

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Nr.

Common name (Indonesian)

285

Burung Madu merah

Meliphagidae

Red Honeyeater

Myzomela cruentata

286

Burung Madu rawa

Meliphagidae

Magrove red headed

Myzomela orythrocephala

287

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Red spot honeyeater

Myzomela aques

288

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Honeyeater

Myzomela kuchri

289

Burung Madu hitam

Meliphagidae

Black Honeyeater

Myzomela nigrita

290

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Dusky Honeyeater

Myzomela obscura

291

Burung Madu hitam merah

Meliphagidae

Black and red Honeyeater

Myzomela rosenbergii

292

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Honeyeater

Myzomela sanguinolenta

293

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Honeyeater

Myzomela ulnerata

294

Burung Madu pigmi

Meliphagidae

Pigmy Honeyeater

Ocdistoma pygmae

295

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Honeyeater

Ocdistoma iliclophum

296

Burung Madu pipi merah

Meliphagidae

Orange cheked Honey

Orcornis chrysogenys

297

Burung Madu

Meliphagidae

Obscure Honeyeater

Orcornis abscurus

298

Burung Madu kerongkongan hitam

Meliphagidae

Brass's friar bird

Philemon brassi

299

Burung Madu besar

Meliphagidae

Brass's friar bird

Philemon brassi

300

Burung Madu besar cikus-kua

Meliphagidae

Yellow throted friar bird

Philemon buceroides

301

Burung Madu besar kuning

Meliphagidae

Friar bird

Philemon citrogularis

302

Burung Madu besar

Meliphagidae

Friar bird

Philemon fuscipilus

303

Burung Madu besar

Meliphagidae

Friar bird

Philemon gilolensis

304

Burung Madu besar

Meliphagidae

Friar bird

Philemon inornatus

305

Burung Madu besar

Meliphagidae

Friar bird

Philemon reyeri

306

Burung Madu besar Maluku

Meliphagidae

Meluccan Friar bird

Philemon nellucensis

307

Burung madu besar Irian

Meliphagidae

New Guinea friar bird

Philemon novaeguineae

308

Burung madu besar Seram

Meliphagidae

Friar bird

Philemon subcorniculatus

SAN-G-34-1

Family

Common name (English)

Species

Sustainable Agriculture Network Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

309

Burung madu

Meliphagidae

Honeyeater

Ptiloprora erythropleura

310

Burung madu punggung merah

Meliphagidae

Red backed Honeyeater

Ptiloprora guisei

311

Burung madu bergaris

Meliphagidae

Meek's stresked Honeyeater

Ptiloprora meekianana

312

Burung madu

Meliphagidae

Honeyeater

Ptiloprora perstriata

313

Burung madu

Meliphagidae

Leaders Honeyeater

Ptiloprora plumbea

314

Burung madu kelabu

Meliphagidae

Grey Honeyeater

Pygnopygius cinerus

315

Burung madu coklat

Meliphagidae

Brown Honeyeater

Pygnopygius ixoides

316

Burung madu paruh

Meliphagidae

Yellow billed Honey

Toxorhampus novaeguineae

317

Burung madu pipi kelabu

Meliphagidae

Slaty chinned long

Toxorhampus poliopterus

318

Burung madu kerudung setrip

Meliphagidae

Streak capped honey

Pygpygius stictocephalus

319

Burung madu perut

Meliphagidae

Grey billed long bill

Toxorhampus iliolophus

320

Burung madu gunung

Meliphagidae

Mointan straight billed honeyeater

Timeliopsis fellvigula

321

Burung madu paruh lurus

Meliphagidae

Lowlond straight billed honeyeater

Timeliopsis griseigula

322

Burung madu sederhana

Meliphagidae

Modest honeyeater

Ramsayornis modestus

323

Beo Nias

Sturnidae

Nias talking myna

Gracula relligiosa

324

Jalak putih Bali

Sturnidae

Rotschild's starling

Leucopsar rothschildi

325

Jalak putih

Sturnidae

Black winged starling

Sturnus melanopterus

326

Burung kucing telinga putih

Ptilonorhynchidae

White tared cat bird

Ailuroedus bueciodes

327

Burung kucing telinga hitam

Ptilonorhynchidae

Black tared cat bird

Ailuroedus melanetis

328

Burung serambi

Ptilonorhynchidae

Gardenar tared bower bird

Amblyornis inornatus

329

Burung namdur jumbai

Ptilonorhynchidae

Yellow fronted golden bower bird

Amblyornis flavifrons

330

Burung namdur jambul

Ptilonorhynchidae

Crested garderner

Amblyornis maegregoriae

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

331

Burung namdur hitam

Ptilonorhynchidae

Archcold's bower bird

Archboldia papuensis

332

Burung namdur coklat

Ptilonorhynchidae

Brown broasted bower bird

Clamydera creviniventris

333

Burung namdur kuning muda

Ptilonorhynchidae

Lauterbach's bower bird

Clamydera lauterabachi

334

Burung namdur emas

Ptilonorhynchidae

Galden bower bird

Sericulus aureus

335

Burung denata ekor panjang

Paradisaedae

Arfak astrapia bird of paradise

Astrapia nigra

336

Burung denata

Paradisaedae

Splendid astrapia bird of paradise

Astrapia splendidissima

337

Burung raja

Paradisaedae

King bird of paradise

Cicinnurus regius

338

Burung denata raja kecil

Paradisaedae

Magnificent bird of paradise

Diphyllodes magnificus

339

Burung denata waigee

Paradisaedae

Waigee bird of paradise

Diphyllodes republica

340

Burung denata paruh panjang

Paradisaedae

Black billed sickle billed bird of paradise

Dreparnernis albertsil

341

Burung denata paruh sabit putih

Paradisaedae

White billed sickle billed bird of paradise

Dreparnernis bruijnii

342

Burung denata paruh sabit coklat

Paradisaedae

Brown billed sickle billed bird of paradise

Epimachus mayeri

343

Burung denata paruh sabit hitam

Paradisaedae

Black sickle billed bird of paradise

Epimachus fatosus

344

Burung denata berpital

Paradisaedae

Wattle billed bird of paradise

Laboparadisae sericea

345

Burung denata superba

Paradisaedae

Superba bird of paradise

Lophorina superba

346

Burung denata loria

Paradisaedae

Loria's bird of paradise

Loria loriae

347

Burung gagak surga

Paradisaedae

Paradise crown

Lycecorax pyrrhopterus

348

Burung denata topeng

Paradisaedae

Maegregor's bird of paradise

Maegregoria pulchra

349

Burung denata jobi

Paradisaedae

Jobi manucode

Manucodia ater

350

Burung denata hijau

Paradisaedae

Crinkled collared manucode

Manucodia carunculata

351

Burung denata

Paradisaedae

Glossy wantled manucode

Manucodia ater

352

Cendrawasih berpial

Paradisaedae

Long tailed paradigalla

Paradigalla carunculata

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

353

Cendrawasih berpial ekor pendek

Paradisaedae

Short tailed paradigalla

Paradigalla brevicauda

354

Cendrawasih kuning besar

Paradisaedae

Greater bird of paradise

Paradisea apoda

355

Cendrawasih kuning kecil

Paradisaedae

Lesser bird of paradise

Paradisea minor

356

Cendrawasih merah

Paradisaedae

Red bird of paradise

Paradisea rubra

357

Cendrawasih jingga

Paradisaedae

Count rangi's bird six of paradise

Paradisea reggiana

358

Burung dewata bulu enam putih

Paradisaedae

Queen carol's siswarent of paradise

Parotia corolea

359

Burung dewata bulu enam

Paradisaedae

Arfak six wired bird of paradise

Parotia sefilate

360

Burung dewata bulu pembawa pinji

Paradisaedae

Enammeled bird of paradise

Steridophora alberti

361

Burung dewata bulu trompet

Paradisaedae

Trumpet bird

Phonygammus keraudrenii

362

Cendrawasih memenjat

Paradisaedae

Magnificent rifle bird

Ptiloris magnificus

363

Burung dewata duabelas kawat

Paradisaedae

Twelve wired bird of paradise

Seleucides lamanophleuca

364

Burung plat

Paradisaedae

Wallace's standar wing

Semioptera wallasei

365

Burung dewata ekor panjang

Paradisaedae

False lobel long tail

Pseudastrapia lobata

366

Burung dewata elliot

Paradisaedae

Elliot's bird of paradise

Astrapimachus elliotti

367

Burung wergan

Timaliidae

Java nun babler

Alcippe pyrrhoptera

368

Burung matahari

Timaliidae

Spotted sibing

Crocias albonotatus

369

Burung kuda

Timaliidae

Red brested tree thrush

Garrulax rufifrons

370

Burung tepus dada putih

Timaliidae

White brested tree babler

Stachyris grammiceps

371

Burung tepus pipi perak

Timaliidae

Pearl cheek tree bablier

Stachyris melanothorax

372

Itik Liar

White-Winged (wood) Duck

Cairina scutulata

373

Burung Kipas Biru

Muscicapidae

Rueck's Blua Flycatcher

Nilvia ruecki

374

Bangau Putih Susu, Bluwok

Ciconiidae

Mylky Stork

Mycteria cinerea

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

375

Trulek Jawa, Trulek Ekor Putih

Charairriidae

Javan Wattled Plowe

Vanellus macropterus

376

Pergam Raja

Columbidae

Imperial Pigeon

Ducula whartoni

377

Burung Hantu Biak

Strigidae

Biak Cops Owl

Otus beccari

378

Bluwok Berwarna

Ciconiidae

Painted Stork

Mycteria (=ibis) leucochepala

379

Burung Kaca Mata Leher Abu-abu

Zosterropidae

Grey-Throated White Eye

Lophozosterops javanica

B. MAMALIA Nr.

Common name (Indonesian)

Family

Common name (English)

Species

Landak Irian, Nokdiak

Tachyglossidae

Spiny anteater

Zaglossus bruijni

Kanguru tanah

Macropodidae

Wallaby

Dorcopsia muelleri

Kanguru pohon

Macropodidae

Ornite Tree Kangaroo

Dendrolagus geodfellowi

Kanguru pohon

Macropodidae

Unicolored Tree Kangaroo

Dendrolagus doridianus

Kanguru pohon

Macropodidae

Dustry Tree Kangaroo

Dendrolagus ursinus

Kanguru pohon

Macropodidae

Grissled Tree Kangaroo

Dendrolagus inustus

Kanguru tanah

Macropodidae

Thylogale stigmatica

Kanguru tanah

Macropodidae

Thylogale bruijni

Kubung, Tando

Cynoephalidae

Flying lemur

Cynocephalus variegatus

Malu-malu

Lorisidae

Slow loris

Nicficebus coucang

Binatang hantu, Singapura

Tarsiidae

Tarsier

Tarsius bancanus

Orang Hutan, Mawas

Pongidae

Orang utan

Pongo pygmaeus

Jenis-jenis Owa tak berbuntut

Hylobatidae

Kloss Gibbon

Hylobates klosii

Ungko

Hylobatidae

Darks handed Gibbon

Hylobates agilis

Owa

Hylobatidae

Silvery Gibbon

Hylobates moloch

Klampiau

Hylobatidae

Grey Gibbon

Hylobates muelleri

Sarudung

Hylobatidae

WHite handed Gibbon

Hylobates lar

Kahau

Cercopithecidae

Proboscis monkey

Nasalis larvatus

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network

Nr.

Common name (Indonesian)

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

Monyet dije

Cercopithecidae

Crested Celebes macaue

Macaca nigra

Monyet buntung

Cercopithecidae

Buton macaue

Macaca brunnescens

Monyet dare

Cercopithecidae

Moor macague

Macaca maura

Monyet digo

Cercopithecidae

Tongkean macague

Macaca tongkeana

Bakkoi, Beruk Mentawai

Cercopithecidae

Mentawai pigtailed macague

Macaca pegensis

Jaya, Lutung Mentawai

Cercopithecidae

Mentawai langur

Presbytis potenziani

Lutung merah

Cercopithecidae

Maroon leaf monkey

Presbytis rubicunda

Rungka, Kedih

Cercopithecidae

Banded leaf monkey or Thomas

Presbytis thomasi

Lutung surili

Cercopithecidae

Javan leaf monkey

Presbytis aygula

Lutung dahi putih

White fronted leaf

Jiringan

Cercopithecidae

Monkey

Presbytis frontata

Simakobu

Cercopithecidae

Pigtailed langur, Snubnosed Monkey

Simias concolor

Trenggiling

Manidae

Scaly anteater, Pangolin

Manis javanica

Bajing tanah, Tupai tanah

Sciuridae

Treestriped ground aquirrel

Laricus insignis

Jelarang

Sciuridae

Black giant squirel

Ratufa bicolor

Cukbo, bajing terbang

Sciuridae

Spotted Flying Squirrel

Petaurista elegans

Bajing terbang ekor merah

Sciuridae

Red tailed flying

Lomye horsfiledii

Kelinci liar Sumatera

Leporidae

Sumatran Shorteared Rabbit

Nesolagus netscheri

Bajing tanah bergaris empat

Sciuridae

Fourstriped ground Squirrel

Laricus hosei

Kuskus

Phalangeridae

Phalanger

Phalanger maculatus

Kuskus

Phalangeridae

Common phalanger

Phalanger orientalis

Kuskus

Phalangeridae

Bear phalanger

Phalanger ursinus

Kuskus

Phalangeridae

Celebes phalanger

Phalanger celebensis

Kuskus

Phalangeridae

Black spotted

Phalanger atrimuculatus

Kuskus

Phalangeridae

Gray phalanger

Phalanger symotis

Landak

Hystricidae

Porcupine

Hystrix brachyura

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network

Nr.

Common name (Indonesian)

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Family

Common name (English)

Species

Sigung, Toledu

Mustelidae

Stink Badger

Mydaus javanica

Pulusan

Mustelidae

Hognoser Badger

Aretonyx collaris

Beruang madu

Ursidae

Malayan Sun Bear

Helaratos malayanus

Musang air

Viverridae

Otter civet

Cynolagal bennetti

Musang congkok

Viverridae

Bonded linsang

Prionodon linsang

Musang Sulawesi

Viverridae

Celebes Plant Civet

Macregaligia mussehenbrocki

Bintarung

Viverridae

Binturong

Arctitis binturong

Harimau Jawa

Felidae

Javan tiger

Panthera tigris sondaica

Harimau Sumatera

Felidae

Sumatran tiger

Panthera tigris sumatrae

Macan Kumbang, Macan Tutul

Felidae

Leopard panther

Panthera pardus

Harimau dahan

Felidae

Clouded leopard

Neofelis nebulosa

Kucing hutan, Meong congkok

Felidae

Leopard cat

Felis benglensis

Luwak

Felidae

Marble cat

Felis marmorata

Kucing merah

Felidae

Borncan by cat

Felis badia

Kucing emas

Felidae

Golden cat

Felis temminckii

Kucing dampak

Felidae

Flat headed cat

Felis planniceps

Kucing bakau

Felidae

Fishing cat

Felis viverrina

Ajak

Canidae

Asiatic wild dog

Cuon alpinus

Gajah

Elephantidae

Asian elephant

Elephas maximus

Tapir, Cipan, Tanuk

Tapiridae

Malay tapir

Tapirus indicus

Badak Sumatera

Rhinocerotidae

Sumatran Rhino

Dicerorhinus sumatrensis

Babi rusa

Suidae

Babyrusa

Babyrousa babyrusa

Badak Jawa

Rhinocerotidae

Javan Rhino

Rhinoceros sondaicus

Rusa

Cervidae

Rusa/Timor deer

Cervus timorensis

Sambar

Cervidae

Sambar/swamp deer

Cervus unicolor

Rusa Bawean

Cervidae

Bawean deer, Kuhl's deer

Gyelaphis kuhlii (Cervus kuhlii)

Kijang

Cervidae

Barking deer

Muntiacus muntjak

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Nr.

Common name (Indonesian)

Kancil, Napu, Pelanduk

Tragulidae

Smaller mouse deer large mouse deer

Tragulus javanicus, Tragulus napu

Banteng

Bovidae

Banteng

Bos javanicus

Anoa dataran rendah

Bovidae

Law land anoa

Bubalus depressicornis

Anoa pegunungan

Bovidae

High land anoa

Bubalus quarlesi

Kambing Sumatera

Bovidae

Serrow

Capricornis sumatrensis

Lumba-lumba timah

Stonidae

Plumboeus dolphin

Sotalia plombea

Lumba-lumba borneo

Stonidae

Indonesian white dolphin

Sotalia borneensis

Lumba-lumba Cina

Stonidae

Chinese white dolphin

Sotalia chinensis

Lumba-lumba gigi besar

Stonidae

Rough toothed dolpin

Steno bredanensis

Lumba-lumba Malaya

Stonidae

Malayas dolpin

Delphinus delphis, stenella malayan

Lumba-lumba delpis

Delphinidae

Common dolpin

Delphinus delphis

Lumba-lumba perut merah

Delphinidae

Red fellied dolpin

Delphinus roseirostris

Lumba-lumba trawadi

Delphinidae

Irrawady dolpin

Orcaella brevirostris

Lumba-lumba botol

Delphinidae

Bottle nose dolpin

Trusiops sp.

Pesut

Delphinidae

Mahakam dolpin

Orcaella sp.

Lumba-lumba gromphus

Delphinidae

Bottle nosed gramphus

Gramphus griseus

Lumba-lumba pemangsa kecil

Delphinidae

Little killer dolphin

Peponocephala electra

Paus paruh angsa

Ziiphiidae

Guvier's whale

Ziphius cavirostris

Lumba-lumba tak bersirip punggung

Phocoenidae

Black finiess porpoise

Neophocaena phocancides

Paus biru

Balaenopteridae

Blue whale

Balaenoptera musculus

Paus bersirip

Balaenopteridae

Fin whale, Razorback

Balaenoptera physalus

Paus bongkok

Balaenopteridae

Humpback whale

Megaptera novaeangliae

Duyung

Dugongidae

Dugong

Dugong dugon

Paus

Balaenopteridae

Whale's (all species)

Cetacea

Family

Common name (English)

Species

C. REPTILIA

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Family

Common name (English)

Species

Tuntong

Emydidae

River terropin

Batagur baska

Kura-kura

Emydidae

Aquatio tortose

Orlitia borneensis

Kura-kura Irian

Corottochelidae

Irian tortoiso

Caretochrelys insulpta

Kura-kura Irian leher pendek

New Gunea snapper

Elseva novaegunea

Kura-kura Irian leher panjang

Chelyidae

Long neeked tortoise

Chelodina novaeguinea

Penyu belimbing penyu raksasa

Dermochelydae

Leather baok turtle

Dermochelys coriacca

Penyu ridel

Grey olive longgerhead

Lepidochelyn olivaceae

Penyu tempayan

Red brown longgerhead

Caretta caretta

Labi-labi besar

Trioychdae

Giant fresh water turtle

Chitra indica

Buaya siam

Crocodylidae

Siamese crocodile

Crocodilus siamensis

Buaya air tawar Irian

Crocodylidae

Irian fresh water crocodile

Crocodilus navaeguineae

Buaya muara

Crocodylidae

Marsh crocodile

Crocodilus porosus

Buaya capit senyulong

Crocodylidae

Malayan gavial false gavial

Tomistoma schlegeli

Bunglon sisir, Bunglon Raksasa

Agamidae

Giant chamateaon

Gonyocephalus dilophus

Soa-soa

Agamidae

Sail rizard

Hydrosaurus ambonensis

Biawak komodo

Varanidae

Komodo dragon

Varanus komodoensis

Biawak Maluku

Varanidae

Indian water monitor

Varanus indicus

Biawak Togian

Varanidae

Togian monitor

Varanus togianus

Biawak coklat

Varanidae

Brown monitor

Varanus gouldi

Biawak abu-abu

Varanidae

Grey monitor

Varanus nebulosus

Biawak hijau

Varanidae

Green monitor lizard

Varanus arasimus

Biawak Timor

Varanidae

Timor lizard

Varanus timorensis

Biawak Kalimantan

Varanidae

Cantarus lizard

Varanus borneanus

SAN-G-34-1

Sustainable Agriculture Network Common name (Indonesian)

Nr.

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia Common name (English)

Family

Species

Soa payung

Agamidae

Collar skin flapped lizard

Chlamydosaurus kingi

Ular kaki empat, Biawak Panama

Scincidae

Giant skink

Tiligua gigas

Sanca bodo

Boidae

Rock python

Python molurus

Sanca hijau

Boidae

Green python

Chondrophyton viridis

Sanca Timor

Boidae

Timor python

Phyton timorensis

Penyu sisik

Hawksbill Turtle

Eretmochelys imbricata

Penyu pipih

Flatback turtle

Natator depressa

D. PISCES Nr.

Common name (Indonesian)

Common name (English)

Species

Peyang alaya

Bonitangus

Seclerophages formosus

Peyang Irian

Dawson river salman

Seclerophages jardini

Pari sentani

Dawson river salman

Pritis sp.

Selusur maninjau

Maninjau loach

Meganoptera gymnogaster

Wader goa

Maninjau loach

Puntius microps

Balida Jawa

Maninjau loach

Netopterus sp.

E. INSECTS Nama Daerah

Kupu sayap burung goliat

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Ornithoptera goliath

Kupu sayap burung surga

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Ornithoptera paradisa

Kupu sayap burung peri

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Ornithoptera chimaera

Kupu raja miranda

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Troides miranda

Kupu raja hipolitus

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Troides hypolitus

Kupu raja halifrom

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Troides haliphron

Kupu raja radaman

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Troides rhadamantus

Kupu raja odromas

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Troides andromache

Kupu raja amprisus

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Troides ampharysus

SAN-G-34-1

Familia

Nama dalam Bahasa Inggris

No.

Species

Sustainable Agriculture Network

No.

Nama Daerah

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia Nama dalam Bahasa Inggris

Familia

Species

Kupu raja plato

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Troides plato

Kupu raja ridel

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Troides riedeii

Kupu raja helena

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Troides helena

Kupu raja vandepel

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Troides vandepolli

Kupu raja neoris

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Troides neoris

Kupu raja kriton

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Troides criton

Kupu tragon

Papilonidae

Trogon butterfly

Trogonoptera brookiana

Kupu bidadari

Papilonidae

Nympa butterfly

Cethonsa myrina

Kupu burung rotsil

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Ornithoptera rotshcildi

Kupu burung fiton

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Ornithoptera tithonus

Kupu burung priamus

Papilonidae

Birdwing butterfly

Ornithoptera priamus

F. MOLUSCA Nr.

Common name (Indonesian)

Family

Common name (English)

Species

Akar Bahar, Koral Hitam

Black Coral

Anthiphates sp

Kima Raksasa

Giant Clam

Tridacna gigas

Kima Selatan

Shoutern Giant Clam

Tradacna derasa

Kima Cina

Cina Clam

Hippopus gorcellanus

Kima Kunia, Lubang

Saffron coloured/Boring Claim

Tridacna crocea

Kima Sisik (Kima Seruling)

Scaly Claim

Tridacna squamosa

Kima Besar

Small Giant Clam

Tridacna maxima

Kima Telapak Kuda

Horse Hoof

Hippopus hippopus

Triton Terompet

Triton Thrumpet

Cheronia tritonis

Kepala Kambing

Giant Helmet Sheel

Cassis cornuta

Troka, Susu Bundar

Mother of Pearl/Top Shell

Trochus niloticus

Batu laga, Sypuy Hijau

Green Snail

Turbo marmoratus

Nautilius Berongga

Pearly/Chambered nautilus

Nautilus pompillius

G. CRUSTACEA Nr.

Common name (Indonesian)

SAN-G-34-1

Family

Common name (English)

Species

Sustainable Agriculture Network

Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Ketam Kelapa

Coconut Crab/Robber

Birgus latro

Ketam Telapak Kuda

Horse Shoe Crab

Tachypleus gigas

Mimi

King Crab

Tachypleus tridentatus

Annex 3: IUCN red list of threatened plants in Indonesia Taxonomic group Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants

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Species Afzelia rhomboidea Balayong Aglaia angustifolia Aglaia barbanthera Aglaia brassii Norasingwane Aglaia brownii Aglaia ceramica Langsat-langsat Hutan Aglaia cinnamomea Aglaia coriacea Aglaia flavescens Aglaia laxiflora Lantupak Aglaia lepiorrhachis Aglaia membranifolia Aglaia polyneura Dekemtom Aglaia puberulanthera Aglaia ramotricha Aglaia rivularis Lambunan Aglaia scortechinii Aglaia smithii Monjowojan Aglaia speciosa Setur Padi Aglaia tenuicaulis Battang Merah Aglaia variisquama Aglaia yzermannii Bunga Telor Ikan Alangium havilandii Alangium longiflorum Alloxylon brachycarpum Alstonia beatricis Anisophyllea ferruginea Anisophyllea rhomboidea Anisoptera costata Kra Baak Anisoptera curtisii Krabak Anisoptera grossivenia Mersawa Anisoptera laevis Mersawa Anisoptera marginata Mersawa

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Sustainable Agriculture Network Taxonomic group Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants Plants

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Species Anisoptera megistocarpa Mersawa Aquilaria beccariana Aquilaria cumingiana Aquilaria hirta Aquilaria malaccensis Lign-aloes Aquilaria microcarpa Enkaran Aralia javanica Avicennia rumphiana Bleasdalea papuana Bruguiera hainesii Burkillanthus malaccensis Calophyllum bifurcatum Calophyllum caudatum Calophyllum havilandii Calophyllum insularum Calophyllum macrophyllum Calophyllum parvifolium Calophyllum rufinerve Calophyllum savannarum Camptostemon philippinense Canarium kipella Canarium pseudodecumanum Jelapat Gala-gala Semut Canarium pseudopatentinervium Cantleya corniculata Casearia flavovirens Kiseu'Eur Laut Cassine koordersii Ceratopetalum succirubrum Chisocheton stellatus Clethra javanica Combretocarpus rotundatus Cotylelobium lanceolatum Resak Cotylelobium melanoxylon Resak Crudia splendens Cupaniopsis strigosa Cycas falcata Cycas javana Cyrtandra elbertii Dacrydium leptophyllum Dalbergia latifolia Indonesian Rosewood Dehaasia acuminata Dehaasia chatacea Dehaasia pugerensis Diospyros celebica Indonesian Ebony Diospyros molissima Diplycosia pilosa Dipterocarpus applanatus Keruing Dipterocarpus baudii Keruing Dipterocarpus concavus Keruing

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Species Dipterocarpus coriaceus Keruing Dipterocarpus cornutus Keruing Dipterocarpus costulatus Keruing Dipterocarpus elongatus Dipterocarpus eurynchus Keruing Dipterocarpus fagineus Keruing Dipterocarpus fusiformis Dipterocarpus glabrigemmatus Dipterocarpus globosus Keruing Dipterocarpus gracilis Apitong Dipterocarpus grandiflorus Meluit Dipterocarpus hasseltii Apitong Dipterocarpus kerrii Keruing Dipterocarpus kunstleri Keruing Dipterocarpus littoralis Dipterocarpus lowii Keruing Dipterocarpus retusus Keruing Dipterocarpus rigidus Keruing Dipterocarpus semivestitus Keruing Dipterocarpus sublamellatus Keruing Dipterocarpus tempehes Kayu Ran Dipterocarpus validus Dryobalanops aromatica Indonesian Kapur Dryobalanops beccarii Dryobalanops fusca Kapur Dryobalanops keithii Dryobalanops lanceolata Kapur Durio acutifolius Durio dulcis Durio kutejensis Durio testudinarum Dyera polyphylla Jelutong Elaeocarpus brigittae Elaeocarpus royenii Elaeocarpus simaluensis Oetik Malas Elattostachys erythrocarpum Endocomia canarioides Erythrina euodiphylla Eusideroxylon zwageri Borneo Ironwood Flindersia laevicarpa Flindersia pimenteliana Gnetum oxycarpum Goniothalamus majestatis Gonystylus bancanus Merang Gonystylus consanguineus Gonystylus glaucescens Gonystylus keithii Gonystylus macrophyllus Kelembak

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Species Gonystylus xylocarpus Guioa asquamosa Guioa malukuensis Guioa melanopoda Guioa multijuga Guioa oligotricha Guioa patentinervis Guioa pauciflora Guioa venusta Guioa waigeoensis Heliciopsis lanceolata Kendung Heritiera globosa Heritiera percoriacea Hopea bancana Hopea beccariana Merawan Hopea bilitonensis Gagil Hopea celebica Balau Hopea coriacea Giam Hopea dasyrrhachis Kayu Telam Air Hopea ferruginea Mang Telor Hopea fluvialis Hopea gregaria Hopea kerangasensis Hopea mengerawan Merawan Hopea micrantha Hopea montana Merawan Hopea nervosa Gagil Hopea nigra Hopea nutans Giam Hopea ovoidea Hopea pachycarpa Giam Hopea pedicellata Gagil Hopea pierrei Giam Hopea sangal Merawan Hopea semicuneata Giam Hopea sphaerocarpa Hopea wyatt-smithii Horsfieldia atjehensis Horsfieldia borneensis Horsfieldia decalvata Horsfieldia fragillima Horsfieldia fulva Penarahan Horsfieldia hirtiflora Horsfieldia iriana Horsfieldia macilenta Horsfieldia motleyi Horsfieldia obscura Horsfieldia pachyrachis

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Species Horsfieldia pulcherrima Horsfieldia talaudensis Horsfieldia triandra Horsfieldia tristis Horsfieldia valida Intsia bijuga Moluccan Ironwood Kalappia celebica Kayea macrophylla Kibatalia villosa Kibatalia wigmani Knema celebica Knema emmae Knema hookerana Knema kostermansiana Knema krusemaniana Knema lampongensis Knema longepilosa Knema mamillata Knema matanensis Knema mogeana Knema psilantha Knema riangensis Knema sericea Knema steenisii Knema uliginosa Koompassia grandiflora Tualang Lasianthus tomentosus Limnocitrus littoralis Lithocarpus crassinervius Lithocarpus indutus Lithocarpus kostermansii Lithocarpus platycarpus Macropanax concinnus Madhuca betis Manilag Madhuca boerlageana Mammea timorensis Mangifera altissima Banitan Mangifera blommesteinii Mangifera campnospermoides Awek Mangifera dewildei Berhul Mangifera macrocarpa Mangifera pajang Asem Payang Mangifera paludosa Mangifera pedicellata Mangifera rufocostata Asem Kiat Mangifera similis Mangifera sumbawaensis Mangifera transversalis

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia Species

Manilkara kanosiensis Merrillia caloxylon Myristica alba Myristica arfakensis Myristica buchneriana Myristica devogelii Myristica extensa Myristica fissurata Myristica flavovirens Myristica inaequalis Myristica kjellbergii Myristica mediterranea Myristica millepunctata Myristica papillatifolia Myristica perlaevis Myristica pubicarpa Myristica robusta Myristica sarcantha Myristica tamrauensis Myristica teijsmannii Myristica trianthera Myristica ultrabasica Myristica verruculosa Nepenthes aristolochioides Nepenthes bicalcarata Nepenthes bongso Nepenthes boschiana Nepenthes clipeata Nepenthes danseri Nepenthes dubia Nepenthes ephippiata Nepenthes eymae Nepenthes fusca Nepenthes glabrata Nepenthes hamata Nepenthes inermis Nepenthes insignis Nepenthes klossii Nepenthes lavicola Nepenthes mikei Nepenthes ovata Nepenthes paniculata Nepenthes pilosa Nepenthes rhombicaulis Nepenthes singalana Nepenthes spathulata Nepenthes spectabilis Nepenthes talangensis

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Species Nepenthes tomoriana Nepenthes treubiana Nothaphoebe javanica Nothofagus stylosa Nothofagus womersleyi Palaquium bataanense Bataan Tagatoi Parashorea aptera Balau Parashorea globosa White Seraya Parashorea lucida White Meranti Pericopsis mooniana Nandu Wood Pinus merkusii Sumatran Pine Podocarpus deflexus Podocarpus laubenfelsii Prunus adenopoda Prunus laxinervis Prunus turfosa Pterocarpus indicus Burmese Rosewood Rhododendron album Rhododendron loerzingii Rhododendron wilhelminae Santalum album Sandalwood Saurauia bogoriensis Saurauia bracteosa Saurauia cauliflora Saurauia lanceolata Saurauia microphylla Schefflera capitulifera Schefflera fastigiata Schefflera multifoliolata Shorea acuminatissima Yellow Meranti Shorea agami White Meranti Shorea albida Light Red Meranti Shorea argentifolia Dark Red Meranti Shorea balangeran Red Balau Shorea balanocarpoides Yellow Meranti Shorea blumutensis Yellow Meranti Shorea bracteolata White Meranti Shorea carapae Shorea conica Shorea dasyphylla Light Red Meranti Shorea dealbata White Meranti Shorea domatiosa Balau Shorea elliptica Dark Red Meranti Shorea faguetiana Yellow Meranti Shorea falcifera Selangan Batu Shorea falciferoides Yakal Shorea foxworthyi Selangan Batu Shorea glauca Balau

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

Species Shorea gratissima White Meranti Shorea guiso Red Balau Shorea hopeifolia Yellow Meranti Shorea hypoleuca Balau Shorea inappendiculata Balau Shorea induplicata Shorea johorensis Light Red Meranti Shorea kunstleri Red Balau Shorea lamellata White Meranti Shorea lepidota Light Red Meranti Shorea leprosula Light Red Meranti Shorea longiflora Shorea longisperma Yellow Meranti Shorea macrantha Shorea materialis Balau Shorea maxwelliana Selangan Batu Shorea montigena Shorea myrionerva Light Red Meranti Shorea obscura Balau Shorea ochrophloia Red Balau Shorea ovata Dark Red Meranti Shorea pallidifolia Shorea pauciflora Dark Red Meranti Shorea peltata Yellow Meranti Shorea platycarpa Light Red Meranti Shorea platyclados Dark Red Meranti Shorea polyandra Yellow Meranti Shorea resinosa White Meranti Shorea richetia Shorea rugosa Dark Red Meranti Shorea selanica Shorea singkawang Dark Red Meranti Shorea slootenii Shorea smithiana Light Red Meranti Shorea teysmanniana Light Red Meranti Shorea uliginosa Meranti Bunga Shorea xanthophylla Yellow Meranti Sindora inermis Nito-nitong Puti Sindora javanica Samparantu Sonneratia griffithii Sympetalandra schmutzii Symplocos costata Symplocos junghuhnii Syzygium ampliflorum Syzygium discophorum Tabernaemontana remota Taxus wallichiana Himalayan Yew Terminalia kangeanensis

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia Species

Ternstroemia penangiana Upuna borneensis Penyau Vatica bantamensis Vatica brunigii Vatica cauliflora Vatica chartacea Vatica flavovirens Vatica globosa Vatica havilandii Resak Vatica lowii Resak Vatica maingayi Resak Vatica maritima Vatica obovata Vatica pauciflora Lue Soh Vatica pentandra Vatica ridleyana Vatica rotata Vatica sarawakensis Vatica soepadmoi Vatica stapfiana Resak Vatica teysmanniana Vatica venulosa Resak Vernonia zollingerianoides Vitex parviflora Molave

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Sustainable Agriculture Network

Annex 4

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia

List of timber species restricted for/protected from logging

Sustainable Agriculture Network

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Local Indicators for Pepper in Indonesia