Introduction: Talavera de la Reina is a town situated in the Northeast of the Iberian Peninsula. It is in the province of Toledo in Castilla-La Mancha. It is the biggest town in the province of Toledo and the second biggest in Castilla- La Mancha. It is crossed by the river Tajo.
COMENIUS PROJECT: ODERZO—TALAVERA DE LA REINA ITCG SAN SOVINO - IES PUERTA DE CUARTOS.
BY: ANNA PIOVESAN Talavera de la Reina.
VÍCTOR PATO DÍAZ.
Talavera de la Reina’s history.
XIX Century:Battle of Talavera: on the 27th and
Talavera through ages.
After being reconquered in the kingdom of Sancho IV, the king gave two farming festivities which are now the festivity of San Isidro in May and the festivity of San
Prehistory: It was inhabited by the vetons and the
Mateo in September.
town was known as Casaeróbriga. Even though there is not
too
28th of July in 1809 there was a battle between the English-Spanish troops and the French ones produced in Medellín´s Hill. Thanks to the General Arthur Wellesley the French were expulsed to the other side of the Alberche river.
much
information before the Roman Empire there are some remains from this time like “El berraco en el Torreón” known as “Cabeza del Moro”. Ancient
history:Casaeróbriga
was
the
principal
township in Hispania and the capital of “El Convento
XXICentury:Talavera is now one of the biggest cities
Jurídico de Augusta Emérita”. It was an important
of Castilla La Mancha. (the second, after Albacete).
economic and political center of the region and an
Talavera is well known in Spain because of the pottery.
strategic point for communication but also a great point
Talavera nowadays has got lots of high schools, schools
for the trade mostly of grapevine and cereals. Middle
Ages:The
Visigods
arrived
as
well
as
Christianism: Liuva II gave the statue of “La Virgen del Prado” as a gift to the town making “Las Mondas” the new spring festivity.
The muslims arrived in 712
providing the town a barrier, fountains, and mills and the city Talavera was maintained muslim till 1113.
Modern Ages: Between the XV and XVI centuries
and a university. It also has 3 theatres, 2 cinemas, a foot-
Talavera became really popular thanks to the pottery.
ball stadium, 4 public swimming pools, one public library
(examples: Monasterio de San Lorenzo del Escorial, la
and lots of parks and green areas.
Catedral Vieja de Salamanca o la Iglesia del Real Monasterio de Santa María la Real de Las Huelgas en Burgos). The town was also famous thanks to the “Real Fábrica de Seda” that gave work to 4000 workers and kept working for a century.
The city In the next pages you will find both historical and actual economy of the city.
Economy of Talavera
Because of its proximity to Toledo, Talavera has also been colonized by different cultures, and its economy has changed along the time.
Edited by: Cristina FernĂĄndez Aceituno and Francesca Lolli
Talavera’s flag
Talavera de la Reina (Toledo)
El Corte InglĂŠs
Los Alfares
HISTORICAL ECONOMY
NOWADAYS ECONOMY
Talavera is, and it has always been internationally known for its pottery, used for example in the monastery of El Escorial.
As the city is situated in a humid zone next to Alberche and Tajo rivers, it has very rich and high quality crops, which are mainly veget a b les , fru it s (m elon , watermelon and tomatoes), barley, etc.
Also, the textile industry was considered very important, as well as its stock market, famous in the entire region. In fact, Talavera stands out for its own native sheep.
However, nowadays Talavera has become one of the most important commercial cities in the region, so it attracts people who live not only in villages near Talavera, but people living in other regions like Extremadura. To supply this demand, it has 3 shopping centers.
Already in the XVIth century, this building is replaced with other one of Renaissance style, which constitutes the most ancient part of the current construction (from the feet up to the grating of the presbytery). In this epoch its magnificence was already such that Philip II refers to it as the 'queen of the hermitages'. In 1649 Lorenzo of Saint Nicholas reforms it again with the addition of the current major chapel and its characteristic dome, all this under the Monk's direction, with what it acquires its current aspect. After the devastations caused by the French invasion, new reforms are done in 1855.
BASÍLICA DE NUESTRA SEÑORA DEL PRADO The Basilica of “Nuestra Señora del Prado” of Talavera' in the province of Toledo, is a religious temple of catholic worship under the Marian dedication of the Virgen del Prado, mistress of the city. Its regime of protection performs good of cultural interest.The sacred local character goes back, at least, to Roman epoch, when in this place, in the suburbs of the former Caesarobriga, there was a temple dedicated to protective deities of the agriculture and the ranching, as Pales and Ceres. In their honor they celebrated parties for those who, apparently, got down the current Cleanings. The place was made christian in the visigode period, when, according to the most widespread version, the king Liuva II gave to the city the primitive image of la “Virgen del Prado”.
COMENIUS PROJECT 2013-2015 ITCG Sansovino/IES Puerta de Cuartos www.iespuertadecuartos.es www.itcgsansovino.it/ Edited by: Mario Martín Muñoz and Randy Polotto
In 1956, the Pope Pío XII signs a papal bulla granting that the image of the “Virgen del Prado” is crowned canonically
Plaza de toros
On the former square it was built the current one that makes honor to its nickname of “the capricious one” (La Caprichosa), being inaugurated on September 19th, 1890. On 16th, May 1920 the bullfighter Joselito died there.
Fray Hernando de Talavera Fray Hernando (Talavera de la Reina 1428 Granada 14th May 1507), was a Spanish monk of the Order of Saint Jerome, of converso origins. Around 1458, Fray Hernando graduated in Theology from Salamanca University, becoming a Prior of the Monastery of Prado, near Valladolid, Royal Confessor of the ruling Queen Isabel I of Castile (1452–1504). Hernando de Talavera was also a financial Administrator of Salamanca Bishopric, (1483–1485), Bishop of Avila, (1485 –1492), and Archbishop of Granada, (1493– 1507) the last conquered Moor Kingdom of Granada. According to the accusations raised against him by the Spanish Inquisition, Hernando de Talavera was the son of the Lord of Oropesa, province of Toledo, related to Great Master of the Military Order of Santiago, and the bastard son born out of aJewish mother fathered by King Alfonso XI of Castle.
Jardines del prado
The “Jardines del Prado” were made in the nineteenth century with the idea of a park that urbanized the road leading from the city wall to the Chapel of Nuestra Señora del Prado, declared a Minor Basilica in 1989. Considered an artistic set, follows the French model especially in its design, with some European influences and a Islamic garden.
Myth of Cabeza del Moro
INTRODUCTION In
this
ancient
city
situated in the River Tajo’s bank that dates back to Roman times, there are many myths and
ITCG Sansovino
legends. Among them,
IES Puerta de Cuartos
one of the most famous
is
called
myth of ‘’Cabeza del Moro.’’
COMENIUS
Edited by: Valentina Rossi Cristina González Galán http://www.iespuertadecuartos.es/ http://www.itcgsansovino.it/
In the street of ‘’Cabeza del moro’’ we can find a stone that
There are many stories,
stands on the tower of ‘’El
but according to the
Polvorín’’.
Since
immemorial
times, people from Talavera have thought that this stone was a head of some ancient character.
most popular one, in the Arabian
times,
the
Moorish dominated the city, or maybe newly conquered
Talavera,
Stone of ’Cabeza del moro’’
lived a beautiful and noble Christian that fell in love with a Moorish. The girl’s father found out this relationship and decided to enclose her in an unknown place where the Moorish could not find her. Desperate, he walked around Talavera searching her, until one day, removing miraculously the stone of the tower of ‘’El Polvorín’’, appeared a
Torreón ‘’El Polvorin’’ in the Ancient times and nowadays
Many people believe that this head is from the Moorish, but in fact it is the head of a Celt boar that was sculped by the Celt village more than two thousand years before.
prodigious garden. In the background of
So, this street, instead of being
that paradise he found her. After a
called ‘’Cabeza del moro’’, it should be
while, the young Christian’s father knew
called ‘’Cabeza del Toro’’.
of the visit and ordered him to be beheaded.
Pottery
TAL ART IN
nationally The city is inter ramics, which known for its ce used as tiled Philip II of Spain many of his revestments in e monastery works, such as th e nickname of of El Escorial. Th is 'The City Talavera de la Reina Ciudad de of Pottery' (La
Cerámica)
Basílica de nuestra Sª del Prado temple of It is a religious and debotion catholic debotion of the city. to the patron saint cause it is a It is protected be interest. patrimony of cultural
COMENIUS PROJECT 2013-2015 ITCG Sansovino/IES Puerta de Cuartos www.iespuertadecuartos.es www.itcgsansovino.it/ Edited by: Jasmine Dallagnese Daniel Martín Magán
AVERA
Plaza del Pan
plaza de It was also known as of the Santa MarĂa, it is one at has only ancient places th a more been rebuilt giving it regular shape.
Monument to the battle of Talavera
three It is formed by ea ch m onol iths one fo r in the country that fought ith the battle, in each monol le who names of the peop fought are written.
Roman Bridge
idge of It is the oldest br that it Talavera, it is believed s but it was built by the Roman e there is not for sure becaus s from are not many remaining that epoque.
er Albarranas tow
were 47 Originally there ence points towers and the evid the XIII they were built in century.
Teatro Victoria
ous because Its fachade is fam Taous of the use of fam It was lave ra´s po ttery. wn hall and bought by the to rebuilt in 1991.
Celebrations Talavera
La Virgen del Prado:it takes place the
in
8th of September and it is Talavera de la Reina’s patron saint.
Las mondas:
it takes place the Sunday after the Resurrection and it´s a very old celebration where Romans offered the first fruits of the season to the godess Ceres. Now it is cristianized and people offer different things like pottery or sweets to the “Virgen del Prado”. During the weekend there are many things like bullfights and bonfires near the Tagus river.
Dates of the celebrations: Easter in Talavera de la
Reina: March-April:
Easter, Las Mondas
It has a very important role in Talavera May: de la Reina.
15th, Ferias de san Isidro September: 8th, Virgen del Prado 21st, ferias de san Mateo
Comenius project
Done by Chanel and Jesus
Ferias de san Mateo: they take place from 21st to 23rd of September where there are many attractions and parties and various famous singers and groups come to Talavera everyday.
Ferias de san Isidro: they take place from the 15th to the 17th of May, and there are many attractions and parties and also singers come to Talavera everyday.
La Colegial “Colegiata De Santa María” is a catholic church located in Talavera de la Reina (Spain). It was built in the fourteenth and fifteenth centuries in Gothic-Mudejar style. It is declared of Cultural Interest. The origin seems to date back to Roman Times, when the city was called Caesarobriga, it was the forum and the temple of Jupiter. In visigoth times, it was probably the house of the Bishop. The plant is rectangular, with three longitudinal aisles topped by polygonal apses without transept. The three sheds are covered by cross vaults with “terceletes” in the central shed.
COMENIUS PROJECT Edited by: Mario Sánchez Camacho Eva Dall´Armellina
Plaza Del Pan & La Colegial
In this church it is developed the poem of the canon of the Collegiate, included in “ El libro de Buen Amor” By Juan Ruiz, Hita archpriest
Plaza del Pan Its origin is linked to the city itself, since it was the ancient Roman Forum. Its shape is rectangular and in the center is a public space with fountains made by Ceramic
OLD TOWN HALL
MERCY HOSPITAL BUILDINGS:
Colegiata de Santa María
Town Hall
Old town hall
Mercy Hospital
The ancient Roman forum
TOWN HALL
COMENIUS PROJECT 2013-2015 DAYS:
FIRST SATURDAY OF EVERY MONTH.
TYPE OF MARKET:
M E D I E VA L HANDCRAFT.
A N D
PLACE:
PLAZA DE SAN AGUSTÍN (TALAVERA DE LA REINA)
TIME:
FROM 11A.M. TO 9P.M
WEB:
www.avsanjeronimo.es
EDITED BY: PABLO GÓMEZ CALVO IRENE BARRO
MERCADILLO DE SAN JERÓNIMO
GASTRONOMY: TYPICAL MEDIEVAL FOOD.
MUSIC: MEDIEVAL MUSIC ALL AROUND THE STREETS.
CRAFTWORKS:
MEDIEVAL THEATRE
RINGS, LEATHER BRACELETS.
TAVERNS: TAKE A DRINK LIKE MEDIEVAL PEOPLE.
BOOK FAIR
Tagus The Tagus (Spanish: Tajo), is the longest river in the Iberian Pe-
The Tagus
ninsula..It is 1,038 km long and it flows from Spain to Portugal where it empties
The Tagus runs trough Spain and Portugal. It crossesTalavera de la Reina, Toledo and other cities...
into the Atlantic Ocean, near Lisbon.. Several dams supply drinking water to Portugal and most of central Spain, including Madrid,
while dozens of
hydroelectric stations create
THE TAGUS
power.
By: Roberto Arenas & Veronica Furlรกn
THE TAGUS
Spain The first
town on the Tagus route is
GEOLOGY
The Tagus in song and
it
The lower Tagus is on a fault line.
receives
the
Story
Slippage which has caused numerous
combined
flow
Sacedón. Below A ranjuez
of the Henares and the Tajuña.
earthquakes, the major ones being those of 1309, 1531 and 1755.
Below Toledo it receives the Guadarrama river. Above Talavera de la Reina it receives the Alberche. In Valdeverdeja is the upper end of the long upper reservoir, the Valdecañas damm beyond which are the Embalse deTorrejón, into which flows the
Magdalene, or the Weeper" refers to the "Golden" Tagus as wanting Mary Magdalene's silver tears. In classical poetry
HISTORY
the Tagus was famous for its goldbearing sands (Catullus 29.19, Ovid,
The river also had strategic value for the Spanish and Portuguese empires, as it
Tiétar, and the ower reservoir, the
guarded the approach to Lisbon. For
Alcántara Dam into which flows the
example, in 1587, Sir Francis Drake
Alagón at the lower end.
briefly approached the river after his
-There is a canal and aqueduct between the
successful raid at Cádiz.
Tagus and the Segura river.
Richard Crashaw's poem "Saint Mary
Amores, 1.15.34, Juvenal3.55, etc.).
Talavera´s pottery
Talavera de la Reina’s pottery objects have been found in recent archaeological excavations; some of them date back to the Roman Empire. Arabs brought to the city new techniques as well as a new style. Ceramics of Talavera have been used to make fountains; examples exist in Cuba and Brazil. Tiles for buildings have been made; some are in New Orleans, Tokyo and Paris.There are different kinds of pottery depending on the historical period, but the most typical is the one decorated with white and blue, simulating the official colours of the city.
Preparing to Throw The first step in the throwing process is wedging the clay. Wedging is a process of kneading the clay. Wedging is important because it gets rid of air bubbles that make it difficult to center the clay and keep it centered while throwing. To wedge the clay, cut off the desired amount from the block using the wire tool and knead it like kneading bread. Push down with the heels of your hands and then bring the sides of the clay toward the front.
Talavera´s pottery
Edited by: Francisco Javier Alonso Gutiérrez
Finishing Dry the pot completely before firing it in the kiln. Bake the pot at about 1700 degrees Fahrenheit, then glaze it. Use wax to keep the glaze from the bottom of the pot. Glazes can--often do--run during the final firing, causing pots to stick to shelves. Once glazed, fire the pot again at about 2100 degrees Fahrenheit.
Drying and Trimming Allow the pot to dry until it is leather-hard. Center it on a trimming wheel or bat and use the trimmer to cut away the excess clay. This is also a good time to create a foot on the bottom or add initials or designs.
Throwing Place the clay in the center of the bat or wheel and begin spinning. Make sure the clay is wet. If it begins to feel tacky or sticky, add more water. Seal the clay onto the bat by running your fingers along the bottom of the clay where it meets the wheel or bat. Using your whole body to center the clay is crucial because your arms alone can wobble, making centering difficult. Keep your elbows against your hips, and push down on the top of the clay until it forms a disc shape. Pull the clay back up into a cone shape and repeat this step until the clay is centered.
HIS LIFE Ruiz de Luna was a Spanish potter born in Noez (Toledo) the 12th of July 1863; he died the 25th of September 1945. Member of an important family saga of Spanish potters and ceramists was the father of Antonio Ruiz de Luna and grandfather of Alfredo Ruiz de Luna. Part of his work is in the museum that bears his name.
COMENIUS 2013 - 2015
He was aware of the importance of Talavera pottery, and started studying and collecting pieces. Finally in 1908 he set up his first ceramic workshop "Ruiz de Luna and Gravel and Co.". Between 1927 and 1930 his work reaches its greatest fame. In 1997, the Museum of Ancient Ruiz Luna, deposited and made an exhibition of his private collection that was ceded to the city hall, moving to the old building of the Church of St. Augustine thr Old Talavera de la Reina.
TALAVERA DE LA REINA www.iespuertadecuartos.es
ODERZO www.itcgsansovino.it Edited by: Monica Bucciol and Carlos VĂĄzquez GarcĂa
INFLUENCE Nowadays we can still find craftmen making pottery like Ruiz de Luna made it. Such as pottery skulls, necklaces and bracelets, etc.
MUSEUM Originally set in ancient ceramics workshops in the Plaza del Pan de Talavera de la Reina, after various avatars he moved to a new facility in 1997. The building consists of two architectural bodies: the old church and then high school in St. Augustine, with a brick facade of baroque Talavera work of Fray Lorenzo de San Nicolas; and secondly, the old convent. The Ceramics Museum Ruiz de Luna houses an important chapter in the history of Talavera pottery, from its Roman and Arab origins to the heyday in the fifteenth and sixteenth and most recent samples of the nineteenth and twentieth centuries. Some archaeological objects found in the excavations of the building are also on display. Museum Ruiz de Luna takes up in Talavera de la Reina an ancient Augustinian convent of the seventeenth century.
HIS WORKS
He was a Spanish author, politician and a humanist from the end of the XV century and the beginning of the XVI. He is known for his only surviving work, La Celestina.
COMENIUS
www.iespuertadecuartos.es www.itcgsansovino.it
Edited by Debora Zaccaria and Ainhoa Paredes Plaza
Fernando de Rojas
The work has been variously described as a drama, a dramatic poem, a dialogued novel, a novel-drama, and as a genre entirely of its own. It was never staged during Rojas's lifetime, but the majority of modern scholars consider it a drama. It describes a love affair, with much bawdy and comic detail, before a tragic ending. The scholar Dorothy Severin has written that it may be considered as either the last Spanish work of the Middle Ages or the first of the Renaissance. In 1530 Rojas was named mayor of Talavera de la Reina and he married into another converso family. His Fernando de Rojas was born in La Puebla de wife was Leonor Álvarez de Montalbán. They Montalbán (Toledo) in 1470. Between the had four sons and three daughters. years 1490 and 1496 he studied law at the He died in 1541. University of Salamanca, graduating around 1498. While at university he began La Celestina (originally titled
writing
“ Tragicome-
dia de Calisto y Melibea”). After leaving the university, he returned to the family home, where he practiced as a
lawyer and
where “La Celestina” was finally published (1499).
La Celestina
La Celestina (as it is usually called after the leading character, though also known as the Tragicomedia de Calisto y Melibea or in English the Tragicomedy of Calisto and Melibea). The story is about a nobleman Calisto who falls in love with Melibea, the daughter of a rich merchant. Calisto's servant Sempronio suggests they get the sorceress Celestina to further the romance. However, Calisto's other servant Parmeno is suspicious of Celestina, as he knows about her tricks. After Celestina convinces Melibea of Calisto's love and arranges a brief clandestine meeting between them, Calisto gives Celestina a valuable chain of gold. Both servants are not satisfied with the whores supplied by Celestina and demand more from her, thus setting off a dramatic sequence of events.