ESE 2018 - General Principles of Design, Drawing and Safety by IES Master Publication

General Principles of

Design, Drawing & Safety

New Pattern for

UPSC ESE Exam

Office : F-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016 Mobile : 8130909220, 9711853908

Phone : 011-26522064

E-mail: info@iesmasterpublications.com, info@iesmaster.org

Web : iesmasterpublications.com, iesmaster.org

IES MASTER PUBLICATION F-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016 Phone : 011-26522064, Mobile : 8130909220, 9711853908 E-mail : info@iesmasterpublications.com, info@iesmaster.org Web : iesmasterpublications.com, iesmaster.org

All rights reserved. Copyright ÂŠ 2017, by IES MASTER Publications. No part of this booklet may be reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior permission of IES MASTER, New Delhi. Violates are liable to be legally prosecuted.

First Edition : 2016 Second Edition (Revised) : 2017

Typeset at : IES Master Publication, New Delhi-110016

PREFACE

Giving life to an engineerâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s dream for the betterment of society involves Design, Drawing and Safety. With the increasing complexities of economy, as well as the ensuing disruption in IT, besides the stringent safety rules, this inter-disciplinary subject has become challenging to comprehend from exam point of view. Looking at the nature of Engineering Services Examination (ESE), and the level of questions being asked, the conventional approach of preparing through theory and examples does not serve the purpose. This book attempts to provide logical reasoning through mathematical analysis, gives a clear insight into the concepts, and paints a complete picture in front of your eyes. For students to discover the extent of their learning, practice questions have been provided at the end of this book. In their endeavour to give students the best, Mr. Bipin Thakur has shared his subject knowledge of Design and Safety, and Mr. Himadri Shekhar (Aahil) that of Drawing in this book in an easy to understand language that gives in a complete clarity of thought. As a result, what students get is their collective wisdom that breaks free the constraints of engineering students in appreciating the General Principles of Design, Drawing and Safety. As you navigate through this book, a slew of diagrams, flow charts, mind maps and tables, pack a tango that your eyes can relish on. This book is an ESE aspirantâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s delight that communicates, connects, and builds upon the exam preparedness right up to the standards of the UPSC.

IES Master Publication New Delhi, 2017

CONTENTS

Section

Description

Page No.

Preface

(iii)

Engineering Drawing Chapter 1

Chapter 2

01-134

INTRODUCTION TO ENGINEERING DRAWING 1.1

Introduction

1.2

Drawing Sheets : [IS 10711 : 2001] …(1)

1.3

Drawing Board : [IS 1444 : 1989]

1.4

Scales

1.5

Mini Drafter …(3)

1.6

T-Square

1.7

Set Square

1.8

Protactor …(4)

1.9

Compass

1.10

Dividers

1.11

Drawing Pencil …(5)

1.12

French Curves

1.13

Layout of a Drawing Sheet …(6)

1 – 08

…(1)

…(2)

…(3)

…(3) …(3)

…(4) …(5)

…(5)

LINES, LETTERING AND DIMENSIONING

09 – 21

2.1

Lines : [IS 10714 (Part 20) : 2001 and SP46 : 2003]

2.2

Lettering [IS 9609 : 2001]

2.3

Dimensioning [IS 11669 : 1986] …(11)

2.4

Methods of Dimensioning

2.5

Arrangement of Dimensions

2.6

Dimensioning of Various Objects

2.7

Symbols and Abbreviations Used in Dimensioning

2.8

General Rules of Dimensioning

…(9)

…(10)

…(12) …(13) …(13)

…(15)

Contents Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

Chapter 8

Chapter 9

Chapter 10

GEOMETRICAL CONSTRUCTIONS 3.1

Introduction

3.2

Basic Geometrical Shapes

22 – 26

…(22) …(22)

SCALES

27 – 34

4.1

Introduction

4.2

Representative Fraction (R.F.) …(27)

4.3

Units of Length and their Conversion

4.4

Types of Scales

…(34)

…(28)

ENGINEERING CURVES

35 – 62

5.1

Introduction

5.2

Conic Sections or Conics

5.3

Special Curves

5.4

Plane Curves

5.5

Space Curves

…(35) …(35)

…(42) …(42) …(56)

THEORY OF PROJECTIONS 6.1

Introduction

6.2

Projejction Methods

63 – 74

…(63) …(63)

PROJECTIONS OF POINTS 7.1

Introduction

7.2

Locations of a Point …(76)

7.3

Summary …(81)

75 – 83

…(75)

PROJECTIONS OF LINES

84 – 99

8.1

Introduction

8.2

Bis Conventions for Projection of Lines

8.3

Different orientation of lines and their projections

8.4

Traces of a line

8.5

Auxiliary Plane Projection Method

…(84) …(84)

…(95)

9.1

Introduction

9.2

Orientation of Planes and their Projections

100 – 106

…(100)

PROJECTIONS OF SOLIDS Introduction

…(84)

…(94)

PROJECTION OF PLANES

10.1

(v)

…(107)

…(100)

107 – 119

(vi) Contents

Chapter 11

10.2

Right Solid

…(107)

10.3

Frustums and Truncated Solid

10.4

Orientation of Solid and their Projections

10.5

Suspended Solids

10.6

Section of Solids

10.7

Intersection of Surfaces of Solids

…(108) …(109)

…(112) …(113) …(114)

DEVELOPMENT OF SURFACES

120 – 134

11.1

Introduction

…(120)

11.2

Methods of Development of Lateral Surfaces

11.3

Isometric Projection

…(128)

Engineering Design Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

…(121)

135-186

INTRODUCTION

135 – 141

1.1

Types of Engineering Design

…(135)

1.2

Importance of Engineering Design

1.3

The Design Process

…(136)

CONCEPTUAL DESIGN

142 – 158

2.1

Introduction

…(142)

2.2

Problem Definition

…(142)

2.3

Gather Information

…(148)

2.4

Concept Generation

2.5

Evaluation Method

…(148) …(154)

EMBODIMENT DESIGN

159 – 163

3.1

Introduction

…(159)

3.2

Product Architecture

…(159)

3.3

Configuration Design

…(162)

3.4

Parametric Design

…(162)

DETAIL DESIGN

164 – 164

4.1

Introduction

…(164)

4.2

Product Lifecycle Management (PLM)

…(164)

Contents Chapter 5

PROBLEM-SOLVING TOOLS

164 – 175

5.1

Introduction

…(164)

5.2

Problem Definition

5.3

Cause Finding

5.4

Solution Planning and Implementation

…(165)

…(166) …(168)

Engineering Safety Chapter 1

Chapter 2

Chapter 3

Chapter 4

Chapter 5

(vii)

187-237

INTRODUCTION

187 – 191

1.1

Safety

…(187)

1.2

What is an Accidents

1.3

Accident Causation Theories

…(187) …(188)

HAZARD AND HAZARD ANALYSIS

191 – 199

2.1

Introduction

…(191)

2.2

Hazard Analysis Methods and Techniques

2.3

Hazard Control …(198)

…(192)

RISK ANALYSIS AND MANAGEMENT

199 – 203

3.1

Risk Management …(199)

3.2

Risk Analysis Process and Methods

3.3

Role of ‘it’ in Health and Safety Management

3.4

Social Dimension of Risk-Contemporary Thinking

3.5

Evaulating Risk in Design

3.6

Risk Control Measures

…(201) …(202) …(202)

…(202)

…(203)

HUMAN FACTORS IN SAFETY

203 – 206

4.1

Job Stress

…(203)

4.2

Occuptational Stressors and Workplace Stress Effects

4.3

Physical Stress Influencing Factors

4.4

Human Operator’s Stress Characteristics

4.5

Worksite Analysis Program for Human Factors

…(203)

…(204) …(204)

SAFETY MANAGEMENT PRINCIPLES 5.1

Introduction

5.2

Safety Management Principles

5.3

Responsibilities Non-Safety Managers

…(205)

206 – 213

…(206) …(207) …(208)

(viii) Contents

Chapter 6

Chapter 7

5.4

Safety Committees

…(208)

5.5

Improving the Workplace Ergonomics

5.6

Safety Audit …(210)

5.7

Safety Survey …(212)

5.8

Emergency Preparedness and Response Planning (EPRP) in Major Accident Hazard Factories …(212)

…(209)

INITIATIVES TOWARDS SAFETY – GOI

213 – 221

6.1

Existing Set-up of Occupational Safety and Health in the Workplace in India …(213)

6.2

Government Bodies Dealing with OSH Regulations

6.3

National Level Autonomous Bodies/Organizations Connected with Occupational Safety & Health …(215)

6.4

12th Five Year Plan Schemes in Respect to Safety …(216)

6.5

Existing Scenario of Occupational Safety and Health in Various Segments of Unorganised Sector …(217)

6.6

Relevant Legislation in India

…(214)

…(220)

MISCELLANEOUS

222 – 223

7.1

Occupational Health Problem

7.2

International Labour Organization

7.3

OSHA [Occupational Safety and Health Administration]

GLOSSARY

…(222) …(223) …(223) 224-228

INTRODUCTION

ENGINEERING DRAWING

| 7

Questions Choose the most appropriate answer out of the given alternatives : 1.

A drafter helps in drawing (a)

parallel and perpendicular lines

(b)

concentric circles

(c)

smooth curves

(d)

all the above

A typical layout of a drawing sheet does not contain (a)

centering mark

(b)

orientation mark

(c)

trimming marks

(d)

identification mark

Grid references on a drawing sheet provide the following information:

In the engineering system of paper sizes, which of the following is “A2” size?

(a)

Location of details, additions, modifications, revisions, etc. of drawing

(a)

841 mm × 1189 mm

(b)

594 mm × 841 mm

To facilitate the positioning of the drawing when reproduced

(c)

420 mm × 594 mm

(c)

(d)

210 mm x 297 mm

To facilitate brief record and initials of the person responsible

(d)

To facilitate trimming

Which of the following pencil leads is hardest? (a)

(b)

(c)

(d)

“A” series of paper has length-to-width ratio of approximately (a)

Which of the following purposes is not served by dividers? (a)

Divide lines or curves into a number of equal parts

(b)

Transfer measurement from one part of the drawing to another part

3:2 2 :1

(b) (d)

3 :1 5:3

The number of orientation marks generally contained by a drawing sheet is (a)

one

(b)

two

(c)

three

(d)

four

(c)

Make full size, reduced size or enlarged size drawing

(d)

Step-off a series of equal distances on the drawing

(a)

draw circles of larger diameter

(b)

increase the gripping arm

To draw smooth curves of any nature, the draughting instrument used is

(c)

adjust distance between the legs

(d)

increase accuracy

(a)

mini-drafter

(b)

French curve

(c)

templates

(d)

eraser shield

11.

12.

Extension arms are used with engineering compasses to

Which of the following statements are correct? I.

The length of A2 size drawing sheet is equal to the width of Al size drawing sheet.

II.

For technical drawing, harder grades of pencils are preferred.

Parallel lines can be drawn with the help of (a)

mini-drafter

(b)

T-square

(c)

pair of set squares

(a)

only I

(b)

Only II

(d)

all of these

(c)

Both

(d)

None

8 | 13.

14.

ENGINEERING DRAWING Which of the following statements are correct?

(a)

large compass

A D2 size drawing board has dimensions of 920 mm x 650 mm.

(b)

bow pencil compass

(c)

circle template

II.

A title block is placed at bottom right corner of the drawing frame.

(d)

any of the above

(a)

only I

(b)

Only II

(c)

Both

(d)

None

15.

To draw a circle of diameter 20 mm, the most preferred instrument is

A French curve is used to draw (a)

polygons

(b)

circles

(c)

ellipses

(d)

smooth freeform curves

ANSWER KEY 1.

(a)

(c)

(d)

10.

(b)

13.

(b)

(c)

(b)

(a)

11.

(a)

14.

(b)

(d)

(c)

12.

(c)

15.

(d)

EXPLANATIONS 12.

Length of A2 size drawing = 594 mm.

A title block is placed at bottom right corner of the drawing frame and it is divided into two zones.

Width of A1 size drawing sheet = 594 mm

(i)

Part identification zone

Hence, given statement is true.

(ii)

Additional information zone.

(c)

For technical drawing, three grades of pencils are used. Those are H, 2H, HB. All these are hard grades pencils. 13.

14.

Bow compasses are suitable to draw circles or arcs using pencil. To draw a circle of diameter smaller than 25mm bow pencil compass is preferred.

(b) A D2 size drawing board has dimensions of 650 mm Ă&#x2014; 470 mm. The given size in the question is of D1 drawing board.

(b)

15.

(d) French curves is used to draw smooth freedom curves.