Information &
Communication Technology
New Pattern for
UPSC ESE Exam
Office : F-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016 Mobile : 8130909220, 9711853908
Phone : 011-26522064
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IES MASTER PUBLICATION F-126, (Lower Basement), Katwaria Sarai, New Delhi-110016 Phone : 011-26522064, Mobile : 8130909220, 9711853908 E-mail : info@iesmasterpublications.com, info@iesmaster.org Web : iesmasterpublications.com, iesmaster.org
All rights reserved. Copyright Š 2017, by IES MASTER Publications. No part of this booklet may be reproduced, or distributed in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording, or otherwise or stored in a database or retrieval system without the prior permission of IES MASTER, New Delhi. Violates are liable to be legally prosecuted.
First Edition : 2016 Second Edition (Revised) : 2017
Typeset at : IES Master Publication, New Delhi-110016
PREFACE
Information communication technology has been written mainly to cater for students appearing for Union Public Service Commission, ESE (Engineering Services Examination), State public service commission and other competitive examinations. It covers in detail the syllabi for these examinations. Questions typical of those set in the examinations have been included to practice and to discover the extent of their knowledge. Keywords are printed in bold type to assist the student further in assimilating the information. In writing this book we have had in mind the needs and interests of students appearing for these competitive examinations, since most of the text books already available are written too extensively making most of it irrelevant to the demands of the examination. The discussion points focus on points of topical interest or on particular concept.
Amit K. Chaudhary IES Master Publication New Delhi, 2017
CONTENTS
Section
Description
Page No.
Preface Chapter 1
Chapter 2
Chapter 3
(iii)
INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY AND ITS ROLE 1.1
Overview of ICT
1.2
Different Roles of ICTs
1.3
Applications of ICT
1.4
Role of ICT in Various Sectors
1 – 18
…(1) …(2)
…(2) …(3)
COMPUTER: THE BASIC ICT TOOL
19 – 48
2.1
Introduction
…(19)
2.2
Basic Structure of Computer …(19)
2.3
Memory or Storage Devices
2.4
Memory Hierarchy
2.5
Types of Computer …(25)
2.6
Computer Accessories and Tool …(26)
2.7
Miscellaneous Data Storage
2.8
Computer Ports
2.9
Software in a Computer …(39)
…(20)
…(20)
…(37)
…(37)
NETWORKING
49 – 110
3.1
Introduction
…(49)
3.2
Uses of Computer Networks
3.3
The OSI Model (Open System Inter Connection Model)
3.4
Types of Network
3.5
Other Special Purpose Network
3.6
Network Devices
3.7
Computer Network Connection Type
3.8
Radio Wave based Networking
3.9
Mobile Technology …(73)
3.10
Internet
3.11
Cloud Computing
3.12
Cyber Security …(89)
3.13
Cryptography …(92)
3.14
Security in the Internet …(94)
…(50)
…(55) …(67)
…(69)
…(75) …(86)
…(70)
…(71)
…(52)
Contents Chapter 4
Chapter 5
SATELLITE COMMUNICATION
(v)
111 – 120
4.1
Satellite
…(111)
4.2
LEO, MEO and GEO Satellite System
4.3
Difference between Geosynchronous and Geostationary Satellites …(112)
4.4
Satellite Navigation System
4.5
Remote Sensing
4.6
Geographic Information System (GIS) …(114)
4.7
Radar …(114)
4.8
Lidar …(114)
4.9
Sonar …(115)
4.10
What is DTH
4.11
Difference between DTH and Cable TV
4.12
Assisted GPS (A-GPS)
4.13
Difference between GPS and A-GPS
4.14
S-GPS (Simultaneous GPS) …(116)
4.15
Very Small Aperture Terminal …(116)
4.16
Microwaves
…(111)
…(112)
…(114)
…(115) …(115)
…(115) …(116)
…(116)
ROLE OF ICT IN EDUCATION AND TRAINING
121 – 137
5.1
Introduction
…(121)
5.2
Need of ICT in Education and Learning
5.3
Objective of ICT Implementation in Education
5.4
Use of ICTs to Improve the Quality of Education
5.5
E-Learning
5.6
Significance of E-Learning
5.7
ICT for School Management
5.8
ICT for Open and Distance Learning
5.9
Use of ICT for Children with Special Needs
5.10
Use of ICT for Skill Development (Vocational and Job
…(122) …(122) …(123)
…(123) …(123) …(124)
Oriented Areas of General Education)
…(124) …(125)
…(125)
5.11
ICT and Teacher Training
…(125)
5.12
Initiatives Taken in the Sphere of Rural Education by the Government of India
…(126)
5.13
Other Initiatives
…(126)
5.14
Tools of ICT in Education
5.15
Initiatives of ICT in Education and Learning
…(127) …(133)
(vi) Contents Chapter 6
Chapter 7
Chapter 8
E-GOVERNANCE
138 – 178
6.1
Introduction
…(138)
6.2
E-Governance
6.3
Stages of E-Governance
6.4
Scope of E-Governance
6.5
Objectives of E-Governance
6.6
Advantages of E-Governance
6.7
National E-Governance Plan
6.8
Difference between E-Governance and E-Government
6.9
E-Kranti (National E-Governance Plan 2.0)
6.10
Digital India Program
6.11
Digital Divide
6.12
JAM Trinity …(152)
6.13
Various Projects and Schemes of the Government under NeGP
6.14
Major Mission Mode Projects
6.15
Various E-Governance Initiatives Across Sectors
…(138) …(139) …(140) …(141) …(142) …(143) …(147)
…(147)
…(148)
…(150)
…(152)
…(154) …(157)
VARIOUS ACTS AND POLICIES RELATED TO ICT IN INDIA
179 – 191
7.1
Information Technology Act, 2000
…(179)
7.2
The Information Technology (Amendment) Act, 2006
7.3
The Telecom Regulatory Authority of India (Amendment) Act, 2014
…(180)
7.4
The Cable Television Networks (Regulation) Amendment Act, 2011
…(180)
7.5
National Cyber Security Policy 2013
7.6
Need of Data Security Policy in India
7.7
Need for Encryption in India
7.8
Institutions Involved in Internal Cyber Security Structure of India
7.9
Institutions Involved in External Cyber Security Structure of India
7.10
Geospatial Information Regulation Bill
7.11
Data Sovereignty …(185)
7.12
Major Networking Organizations Across the World
…(179)
…(181) …(182)
…(183)
Contemporary Technologies
8.1
5G Technology …(191)
8.2
Quantum Cryptography …(193)
8.3
Optical Computing
8.4
Organic Computing
…(193) …(193)
…(191)
…(184)
…(184)
…(186)
CONTEMPORARY TECHNOLOGIES AND PROGRAMS IN ICT 8.0
…(183)
192 – 232
Contents 8.5
Exascale Computing
…(194)
8.6
DNA Digital Data Storage
8.7
Computer-Generated Holography …(194)
8.8
Digital Scent Technology …(194)
8.9
Holographic Versatile Disc (HVD) …(195)
8.10
BLU-Ray Disc
8.11
High-Definition Versatile Disc (HVD) …(195)
8.12
Artificial Intelligence
8.13
Artificial Brain
8.14
Virtual Reality …(195)
8.15
Augmented Reality …(196)
8.16
Merged Reality …(196)
8.17
Cryptocurrency …(197)
8.18
Blockchain Technology …(197)
8.19
Civic Technology …(197)
8.20
Internet of Things
8.21
General-Purpose Computing on Graphics Processing Units
8.22
Exocortex
8.23
Li-Fi …(199)
8.24
Machine Translation
8.25
Machine Vision
8.26
Quantum Computing
8.27
Radio-Frequency IDentification (RFID) …(200)
8.28
Smart Speaker …(200)
8.29
Software Defined Radio
8.30
Quantum Dots
8.31
3D Displays
8.32
Holographic Displays
8.33
Lightfield Displays
8.34
Screenless Displays
8.35
E-Cigarettes
8.36
E-Paper …(204)
8.37
Sunway TaihuLight …(204)
8.38
Bionics
8.39
Satallite Radio (SiriusXM Satellite Radio) …(205)
8.40
Podcasting
8.41
Digital Signage
8.42
Millimeter Wave Technology …(205)
…(194)
…(195)
…(195)
…(195)
…(198)
…(199)
…(199)
…(199) …(200)
…(200)
…(201)
…(202) …(202)
…(203) …(203)
…(203)
…(204)
…(205) …(205)
…(198)
(vii)
(viii) Contents 8.43
Bitcoins
…(206)
8.44
Speech Recognition
8.45
QR Codes
8.46
Pradhan Mantri Gramin Digital Saksharta Abhiyaan
8.47
The ICT Development Index (IDI)
8.48
Internet Readiness Index
8.49
Networked Readiness Index
8.50
Village Knowledge Centers
8.51
Smart Cities Mission
8.52
National eHealth Authority (NeHA) …(210)
8.53
BOSS Linux
8.54
PARAMYUVA-II …(211)
8.55
Aadhar
8.56
Biometrics
8.57
Universal Account Number (UAN) of EPF
8.58
Satellite Instructional Television Experiment (SITE) …(212)
8.59
Gyan Darshan
8.60
NMEICT …(213)
8.61
Unnat Bharat Abhiyan
8.62
IT-based Initiative to Control Malaria
8.63
Mahila E-Haat …(214)
8.64
E-Laabh
8.65
E-Samiksha
8.66
IAP Health Phone Programme
8.67
Big Data Initiative
8.68
e-VIN
8.69
Vittiya Saksharata Abhiyan
8.70
Project Loon
8.71
White-Fi …(217)
8.72
Net Neutrality …(217)
8.73
Cyber Swachhta Kendra
8.74
Social Media
8.75
C-DAC …(218)
8.76
e-Pramaan
8.77
National Payment Corporation of India
8.78
CERT-in …(220)
…(206)
…(207) …(207)
…(207)
…(208) …(208) …(209)
…(209)
…(211)
…(211) …(212) …(212)
…(213)
…(214) …(214)
…(214) …(214) …(215)
…(215)
…(216) …(216)
…(216)
…(217)
…(217)
…(219) …(220)
1 1.1
OVERVIEW OF ICT
INSIDE
Overview of ICT
Different Roles of ICTs
Applications of ICT
Role of ICT in Various Sectors
ICT stands for Information and Communication Technology. ICT is defined as the application of technology in processing of information and communication which includes the use of computers and softwares to not only convert and store but also process, transmit and retrieve information. It covers all the products that stores, manipulates and transmit information electronically in a digital form. For example, personal computers, radio, broadband, television, email, web based content repositories, interactive forums, learning management systems, and management information systems etc. are all classified as ICTs. The term information and communication technology (ICT) is generally accepted to mean all technologies that, combined, allow people and organization to interact in the digital world.
Cloud Computing Internet Access
Software
ICT
1 0 0 0 1
DATA
Hardware
Transactions Communications Technology
Fig. 1.1: Components of ICT.
National policy on ICT has defined it as all devices, tools, content, resources, forums, and services, digital and those that can be converted into or delivered through digital forms, which can be deployed for realising the goals of teaching learning, enhancing access to and reach of resources, building of capacities, as well as management of the educational system. Processes for digitisation, deployment and management of content, development and deployment of platforms and processes for capacity development, and creation of forums for interaction and exchange are parts of ICT.
INFORMATION
AND
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
AND ITS ROLE
| 15
Questions 1.
Consider the following statements. 1.
Application of ICT in chemical engineering includes application designing and managing plants, simplifying calculations and drawings that previously had to be done manually.
2.
Application of ICT in civil engineering includes the design of mechanized systems such as power and energy systems, aerospace products, weapon systems, transport product engines, and vacuum technology.
4.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOT correct?
2.
(a)
2 only
(b)
1 only
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
Consider the following statements related to the application of Videoconferencing tool in administration. 1.
2.
3.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
5.
Video teleconferencing can be used to decide urgent matters in consultation with senior officers without calling them over from their offices inorder to make them accessible to the people even while being in a position to confer with other officers in urget matters.
(a)
1 only
(b)
2 only
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
(a)
1 and 2 only
(b)
2 and 3 only
(c)
1 and 3 only
(d)
None of the above
Which of the following statement(s) is/are the objectives of ICT in engineering? 1.
ICT enables provision of flexible access to engineering through establishment of modern educational environments.
2.
It fosters international and cross-sectoral knowledge, expertise and best practice exchange.
Select the correct code.
It has enabled citizens’ participation in decision-making.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOT correct?
Consider the following statements related to the application of ICT in Service delivery by administration. 1. Qualitativ e and comprehensiv e information is available on departmental websites, especially in local languages due to ICT. 2. Public grievances matters pertaining to civic amenities are not included udner the online serv ices prov ided by the administration. 3. ICT enabled single window system provides all government services and information online on web portal
6.
(a)
1 only
(b)
2 only
(c)
Neither 1 nor 2
(d)
Both 1 and 2
Consider the following statements. 1.
ICT helps administration perform its public f unctions by simplif ying the work processes and internal functioning via internal computerization and automation, thus f ostering transparency and accountability.
2.
Micro ATMs is another tool which is used by Bussiness Correspondents to deliver banking services.
ICT also facilitates policy formulation through multi-stakeholders participation enabling administration to incorporate the ideas and suggestions of professionals, academicians, private sector, civil society organizations, media, and individuals in policy making.
Which of the following statement(s) given above is/are correct?
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOT correct?
(a)
Only 1
(b)
Only 2
(a)
1 only
(b)
2 only
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
None of the above
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
Consider the following statements about the tools of e-commerce 1.
2.
Unstructured Supplementary Service Data (USSD) is a tool of e-commerce which allows mobile banking using basic feature mobile phone. Internet data is essential in this service.
16 | 7.
INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Consider the following statements. 1.
2.
3.
Which of the above statement(s) related to the technologies for effective internal administration is/are correct?
There has been an increase in the Government to Public interaction due to implementation of ICT in service delivery in administration. Due to the implementation of ICT, government departments have become transparent in sharing information with the people. This has ensured the right to information to people.
10.
(a)
1 and 2 only
(b)
2 and 3 only
(c)
1 and 2 only
(d)
1, 2 and 3
Consider the following statements. 1.
ICT is defined as all devices, tools and services, digital and those that can be converted into or delivered through digital forms, which can be deployed for realising the goals of teaching learning, enhancing access to and reach of resources, building of capacities, as well as management of the educational system.
2.
Processes for digitisation and creation of forums for interaction and exchange are not the parts of ICT.
There has been no effect on accountability and efficiency of administration due to implementation of ICT.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
8.
(a)
2 and 3 only
(b)
1 and 2 only
(c)
1 and 3 only
(d)
All of the above
Consider the following statements. 1.
2.
3.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
ICT tends to reduce the inordinate delays in file processing and movement caused by multiple levels in the departments/ organizations. ICT promotes centralised storage of files and data that enhances maintenance, reduces unnecessary effort, minimizes storage place and lessens security risks.
11.
ICT doesn’t establish eff icient communication system between employees of departments thereby reducing wastage of time.
(a)
1 only
(b)
2 only
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
Consider the following statements related to the ICT implementation in administration. 1.
Information, groupware, component ware, shared database and middleware are some of the important components of ICT implementation in administration.
2.
Public- private partnerships for generating resources is not a component of Egovernment model.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
9.
(a)
1 and 2 only
(b)
2 and 3 only
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
(c)
1 and 3 only
(d)
1, 2 and 3
(a)
1 only
(b)
2 only
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
Consider the following statements. 1.
2.
3.
Wireless communication devices, like cellular phones, helps the people in accessing the internet through email or voice mail.
12.
Unified Messaging makes it easier for the user to access multiple messages-voices, fax and email- through wireless devices or a PC browser. The file-tracking module helps to maintain a central record of the status of the files reduces the unnecessary procedure of maintaining file registers but also helps in locating all information pertaining to a single file at a central place in an electronic form that can be accessed online.
Consider the following statements related to the roles of ICTs. 1.
Modelling and Simulation is not one of the roles of ICT.
2.
Land records, online procurement of birth and death certificates and payment of income tax over internet comes under the roles of ICT.
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
13.
(a)
1 only
(b)
2 only
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
Consider the following statements. 1. Geographic Information Systems is a computer-based system f or the
INFORMATION
2.
14.
AND
| 17
manipulation and analysis of spatial inf ormation in which there is an automated link between the data and their spatial location..
2.
Providing scholarships and awards with incentives to promote enrollment and women in ICT programs.
Management Information Systems is the study of the effective design, delivery and use of inf ormation systems in organisations.
(a)
1 Only
(b)
2 Only
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct?
Which of the following statements is/are related to role of ICT in citizen services
(a)
1 only
(b)
2 only
1.
Access to public documents
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
2.
On-line payments
17.
3.
Better medical education across the country.
Consider the following statements related to E-Panchayat.
2.
3.
It is a software product conceptualized, designed and developed by Centre for Development of Advance Computing (C-DAC), Pune and is a part of egovernance initiative.
Codes:
18.
It covers all information requirements for the village panchayat functionaries and rural citizens.
2 and 3 only
(b)
1 only
(c)
1 and 3 only
(d)
3 only
Consider the following statements related to tele-medicine. 1.
2.
(b)
2 and 3 only
(c)
1 and 3 only
(d)
1, 2 and 3
Consider the following statements in regard to CERT-rail. It was set-up to secure various data base and network of Indian railway. Evaluating various security products for indian railways and conducting training and research are advantages of CERTrail.
Which of the above statement(s) is/arecorrect?
19.
(a)
1 only
(b)
2 only
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
Which of the following statements is/are the benefits of ICT in health sector?
It is the delivery of healthcare services, such as health assessments or consultations, over the telecommunications infrastructure in remote areas.
1.
Better Medical Education across country.
2.
Cutting down the medical spending and reducing administrative cost.
Remote patient monitoring is atype of telemedicine which allows patients with chronic diseases to be monitored in their homes through the use of mobile medical devices.
3.
Increase in FDI in health sector.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? (a)
1 only
(b)
2 only
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
Regarding the initiativ es taken by the Government of India with respect to women empowerment, consider the following statements. 1.
1 and 2 only
2.
Social Audit is not the part of E-panchayat initiative.
(a)
(a)
1.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOT correct?
16.
AND ITS ROLE
Which of the above statements is/are correct?
1.
15.
COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY
Facilitating content development on web production and using ICT resources in different languages.
Correct Codes:
20.
(a)
2 only
(b)
1 and 2 only
(c)
1 and 3 only
(d)
1, 2 and 3
Which of the following statements is/are the applications of Management Information System in administration? 1.
Data communication through information infrastructure development.
2.
Providing irrigation services.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are correct? (a)
1 only
(b)
2 only
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
18 | 21.
INFORMATION & COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Consider the following statements. 1.
22.
Computerization of all sections of the government departments has made the system efficient in policy making and policy implementation and also aids in the preparation of data repository. But, ICT plays no role in modernizing the criminal tracking system.
2.
Networking enables the government departments to smoothly transfer files, papers, records, inf ormation and notifications on intranet. It also links state headquarters with district and cities and even the villages forbetter policy making.
1 only
(b)
2 only
(c)
Both 1 and 2
(d)
Neither 1 nor 2
1.
They must, and do, provide a clearer overview of the project details and interfaces.
2.
They must be capable of sharing of information appropriately.
3.
They must help to cut down the overall cost of the project with eff ectiv e monitoring to safeguard against delays.
Which of the above statements are correct?
Which of the above statement(s) is/are NOT correct? (a)
Consider the following statements regarding employing ICT tools in engineering projects as by current practice :
(a)
1 and 2 only
(b)
1 and 3 only
(c)
2 and 3 only
(d)
1, 2 and 3
ANSWER KEY 1.
(a)
5.
(d)
9.
(d)
13.
(c)
17.
(a)
21.
(a)
2.
(d)
6.
(d)
10.
(a)
14.
(c)
18.
(c)
22.
(d)
3.
(b)
7.
(b)
11.
(a)
15.
(c)
19.
(b)
4.
(c)
8.
(a)
12.
(b)
16.
(c)
20.
(c)