HOW TO CHOOSE YOUR STUDY DESIGN

As stated before, research designs are broadly divided into observational studies (i.e., cross-sectional; case–control and cohort studies) and experimental studies (randomized control trials, RCTs).

There are several approaches that we can use to answer a specific research question; Each design has a specific role, and each has both pros and cons. It is crucial for researchers to be aware of the role of each study design, their respective pros and cons, and the inherent risk of bias with each design.

While there are many quantitative study designs available to researchers, the final choice is dictated by two key factors:

1. First, by the specific research question. If the question is one of ―prevalence‖ (disease burden) then the ideal is a cross-sectional study; if it is a question of ―harm‖–a case–control study; prognosis–a cohort and therapy–a RCT.

2. Second, by what resources are available to you. This includes budget, time, feasibility re‐patient numbers and research expertise.

Considering these factors will help the researcher choose the optimal design to address the research question, as all these factors will severely limit the choice.