iFour Consultancy Basics of OOPS
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Definition
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Programming language model organized around objects rather than "actions" and data
rather than “logic”. Historically, a program has been viewed as a logical procedure that takes input data, processes it, and produces output data For a programming language to be a true OOP language, the language must meet the following criteria:
Abstraction Encapsulation Polymorphism Inheritance
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Fundamentals Classes and Objects
The terms class and object are sometimes used interchangeably, but in fact, classes describe the type of objects, while objects are usable instances of classes. So, the act of creating an object is called instantiation. Using the blueprint analogy, a class is a blueprint, and an object is a building made from that blueprint
Abstraction
Abstraction manages the complexities of a business problem by allowing you to identify a set of objects involved with that business problem
Encapsulation
Encapsulation hides the internal implementation of an abstraction within the particular object
Polymorphism
It provides for multiple implementations of the same method. For example, different objects can have a Save method, each of which perform different processing
Inheritance The
excitement of Visual Basic .NET lies in inheritance. Visual Basic 5 introduced the concept of interface inheritance, which allows you to reuse the interface of a class, but not its implementation
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What is a class? ďƒ˜ It can be defined as a template/blueprint that describes the behaviors/states that object
of its type support ďƒ˜ Example of simple class with member properties and member methods. public class Circle { private decimal _radius; public double radius {get{return _radius;} set{_radius = values} } public double Area() { return 3.141592 * _radius * _radius; } } https://www.ifourtechnolab.com/microsoft-technology
What is Object? It represents a particular instance of a class. There can be more than one instance of an
object. Each instance of an object can hold its own relevant data Example of Simple instantiate of an object of the class in the example of previous slides Circle objCircle = new Circle(); //here objCircle is an instance of a class Circle objCir = new Circle(); //here objCir is an instance of a class
Both the instantiation(Objects) holds the related data and members of the class and can
be used for different purposes
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Abstraction Example Real world example “Laptop” When derived class inherited with abstract class; derived class must be override abstract class methods
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Encapsulation Hiding irrelevant data from the user A class may contain much information that is not useful for an outside class or interface So classes use encapsulation to hide its members that are not relevant for an outside
class or interface It can be done using access specifiers
In the same example of Circle class “Private” is a specifier used for Member variable. So It hides the data to be used outside the class:
private decimal _radius;
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Inheritance Use in the small, when a derived class "is-a" base class
enables code reuse enables design reuse & polymorphic programming
Example:
a Student is-a Person Person
Student Undergraduate
Employee
Graduate
Staff
Faculty
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Inherited Methods
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Inherited Methods
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Polymorphism Static polymorphism Function overloading Operator overloading
Dynamic Polymorphism abstract classes virtual functions
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Virtual and Overridden Methods
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Combining Method Overriding and Hiding
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Procedure v/s Object Oriented Programming It is a methodology to write the program where we specify the code in form of classes and
objects Object-oriented programming is the successor of procedural (structural) programming Procedural programming describes programs as groups of reusable code units (procedures) which define input and output parameters. Procedural programs consist of procedures, which invoke each other The problem with procedural programming is that code reusability is hard and limited – only procedures can be reused and it is hard to make them generic and flexible. There is no easy way to work with abstract data structures with different implementations This is how objects came to be. They describe characteristics (properties) and behaviour (methods) of such real life entities https://www.ifourtechnolab.com/microsoft-technology
Interface Multiple Inheritance Support Example:
SmartPhone OS() AppStore()
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References https://www.tutorialspoint.com/csharp/ http://www.c-sharpcorner.com/UploadFile/mkagrahari/introduction-to-object-oriented-
programming-concepts-in-C-Sharp/
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Thank You..
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