Dr. Steven Fleming Graduate Research Coordinator School of Architecture & Design University of Tasmania Steven.Fleming@utas.edu.au @BehoovingMoving
July 1, 2013, Centre for Architecture, New York
Car culture was born of car ownership
Bike share is pracNcal, but uninspiring.
People love cars because cars communicate idenNty and presNge
If cars were just pracNcal, they would have pracNcal bodies
However, cars have delicate and shiny bodies…
…so banks only finance developments with internal garaging.
Car parking consumes budgets and permissible envelopes, leaving no room for actual dwellings
Who should we blame for this nonsense?
Interval 1: city oriented around freeways Le Corbusier 1925
1925
A house with internal garaging, calling for freeways
Interval 2: the idea is put out there that houses designed around internal garaging might be magnets at the ends of future freeways. Le Corbusier 1928
1928
Architects offering house and car package deals
Interval 3: Corb’s idea spreads to America Buckminster Fuller 1928
1928
Or house, car and helicopter package deals!
Interval 4: soon every architect is promoNng visions of driving and sprawl. Frank Lloyd Wright
1932
How this vision was relayed to the masses.
1939 World’s Fair
Interval 5: Packaged into a huge expo pavilion, sponsored by General Motors Bel Geddes 1939 “Futurama”
July 1, 2013, Centre for Architecture, New York
Peri-‐urban territories make new kinds of buildings possible
Bel Geddes 1939 “Futurama”
Let’s do it again! Bel Geddes 1939 “Futurama”
Let’s build raNonalised ciNes on an essenNalist mobility plaeorm.
idle motor
wearing motor
strengthening motor
The “raNonal” emblem of RaNonal architecture and planning, needs further raNonalisaNon.
Where should we imagine bikes going? Suburbia has been taken. It was developed on a vehicular plaeorm
If we’re going to reconceive raNonal architecture on a bike mobility plaeorm, it would be senseless to do it in car land.
City centres were developed on a horse/pedestrian plaeorm
The Netherlands
Brownfields near trails are redeveloping on a bike plaeorm.
In the 2000s Linear Parks increase land value
Nicholls, Sarah and Crompton, John L. (2005). The impact of greenways on property values: Evidence from AusNn, Texas. Journal of Leisure Research 37(3), 321-‐341.
In the 1970s parks decreased value (crime)
Hammer, Thomas R., Robert E. Coughlin, and Edward T. Horn IV. 1974. “The Effect of a Large Urban Park on Real Estate Value.” American Ins6tute of Planning Journal July: 274–77. Weicher, J. C.; and Zerbst, R. H. 1973. The externaliNes of neighborhood parks: an empirical invesNgaNon. Land Economics, 49:99-‐105.
TOD unlocks sites for fearful and obesogenic development
Bike MET = 8
Walk MET = 3
Ainsworth, 2000 Med Sci Sport Exerc; 32(9Suppl)S498-504)
NYC High Line
Bikes control weight. Walking does not Lusk et al., (2010) “Bicycle Riding, Walking and Weight Gain in Premenopausal Women” Archives of Internal Medicine June 28:170(12):1050-1056
Amend building codes to encourage healthy transport
Alex Kean Rob Jetson
IBC: dwelling unit to include: “a separate bathroom containing a water closet, lavatory and bathtub or shower”. Suggest adding “bike parking you have to pass each Nme you leave home.”
Some Design Tips for Cycle Space
More can be found in my book.
Shrunken space-‐Nme means scapering shops
S. Chugg, R. Englung F. McMullen C. Prouse
Pedestrian shopping acNvates certain streets
Bicycling shopping acNvates a whole district
Bikes don’t poop and wee. Let them in shops
If we design shops and homes for bakfiets access…
Map Sansom.
…baby can sleep while dad shops.
Use gravity to slow bikes around shops and entries…
S. Chugg, R. Englung, F. McMullen, C. Prouse
…and increase their speed as they leave.
Hard to walk on yet easy to ride on
Ensure good sight-‐lines around buildings
Rob Maver.
Textured paving provides pedestrian refuge
Rob Jetson
AestheNcize the fluid and leaning bike POV
Devise bike-‐access typologies
The Velohome, Abdel Soudan, 2013
Spiralling maisonepe/commercial suite building.
The Velohome, Abdel Soudan, 2013
Bike access has revived the aerial street
8-‐House, BIG, Copenhagen, 2010
Bikes part of holisNc approach to sustainable architecture.
Velocity, Bill Dunster from ZED Architecture
Create a fun workplace with bikes
Ride Around Office, Tim Stocklosa
Shade office walls and relieve lits using bike ramps
Jaime Jimenez, 2013
What to do now?
Karl Kullmann: Journal of Urban Design.
UWS New York
thelowline.org
Map your city’s various easements against every brownfield
Concentrate on easements that unlock the most land and ameniNes
Image Tom Hapon Newcastle Waterway Discovery Loop, Steven Fleming
Then call me!
I’ll be launching the concept of a Futurama in the age of the bike, on August 9 2013 at Rapha Cycle Club Sydney, as part of Design Sydney. Collaborators and sponsors sought now.
Thank you