Heritage, Landscape & Memory. Analysis and intervention strategies for the Gorge of Oliván, Huesca. by Ignacio Galán

HERITAGE, LANDSCAPE & MEMORY

GORGE OF OLIVÁN, HUESCA (SPAIN)

BERBUSA SUSÍN OLIVÁN

ACADEMIC RESEARCH ELECTIVE

“Urban projects, collective spaces, local identities”

FACULTY OF ARCHITECTURE - KU LEUVEN

COLOFON This publication collects the results of the Resarch Elective: “Urban Projects, Collective Spaces and Local Identities”, from the International Master of Architecture, during the second semester of the academic year 2019-2020. Research elective assignment: “Heritage, Landscape & Memory”. http://www.collectivespaceskuleuven.be/

EDITORS Ignacio Galán Yves Schoonjans

AUTHORS Luca Tribout, Louise Klimo, Jonas de Brouwer, Michiel D’Haese; Aniqa Nawar, Frank Alonso Van Oorschot, Weronika Gajda; Farah Abdallah, Manar AlMashharav, Toulin Shawaf.

© 2020 KU Leuven Faculty of Architecture, KU Leuven International Master of Architecture Campus Sint-Lucas, Ghent Year 2019-2020 www.arch.kuleuven.be www.internationalmasterofarchitecture.be All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, without permission in writing form from the editors.

Cover picture: Ruins of the depopulated village of Escartín, at Sobrepuerto. © Galán I. 2020

TABLE OF CONTENTS Introducción Introduction

4 5

Objectives

BERBUSA Analysis Intervention strategies Reference projects

11 52 76

SUSÍN Analysis Intervention strategies Reference projects

79 116 141

OLIVÁN Analysis Intervention strategies Reference projects

145 174 208

INTRODUCCIÓN Los pueblos de Oliván, Susín y Berbusa, en el entorno del Barranco de Oliván, han sido objeto de estudio por un grupo internacional de estudiantes de arquitectura de la universidad KU Leuven, en Bélgica. Durante un semestre, han analizado estos diferentes núcleos con el objetivo de entender su transformación en las últimas décadas, su actual potencial y limitaciones. Al mismo tiempo, se elaboraron estrategias conjuntas para el desarrollo de la zona que permitan la mejora de calidad de vida en estos tipos de asentamientos, al mismo tiempo que ensalzar el valor del patrimonio cultural y natural como elemento central para el futuro de territorios de montaña, combatiendo la despoblación. El núcleo de Oliván, a pesar de no haber sido nunca deshabitado, presenta actualmente un notable descenso y envejecimiento de su población. El pequeño tamaño del pueblo dificulta la dotación de servicios sociales, cuyo acceso es todavía más complicado para usuarios de movilidad reducida. Su estructura urbana, de gran valor ambiental está formada en gran medida por edificaciones de uso turístico y segunda residencia, y por tanto presentando una desigual ocupación a lo largo del año. Tomando estos dos factores como referencia, el equipo desarrolló dos estrategias paralelas: por un lado, la identificación de aquellos espacios desocupados de alta calidad espacial en estado de deterioro que pudieran ser temporalmente recuperados de manera progresiva, combinando usos productivos y recreativos que permitieran el asentamiento de familias jóvenes; por otro lado, la creación de un espacio polivalente que sirviera para albergar diferentes servicios que pudieran proporcionarse de manera remota o intinerante (salud, comercio, educación, espacios sociales comunes...). En el caso de Susín, se destaca el excepcional estado actual de conservación de sus espacios, fruto en parte de un descenso de la actividad en el pasado siglo que permitió mantener su configuración original casi inalterada, generando un paisaje único conformado por su arquitectura tradicional en contacto con un entorno natural regenerado. La estrategia de intervención propuesta por este grupo consiste en la recuperación progresiva de algunos de los espacios identificados en riesgo de derrumbe o en ruina, a través de un proceso coordinado por la Asociación Cultural Mallau. Por medio de la realización talleres de construcción tradicional, los estudiantes plantean la rehabilitación y adaptación de ciertos edificios y el paisaje circundante. Con ello se propone la incorporación progresiva de nuevas actividades culturales y productivas que faciliten la reactivación y el mantenimiento del pueblo de forma coordinada. En el caso de Berbusa, el equipo identificó la belleza del nuevo paisaje generado por las huellas del pueblo (que son de gran valor para sus antiguos habitantes y descendientes), y el entorno natural en el que se enclava. Este frágil espacio se deteriora progresivamente, mientras que la vegetación ocupa el lugar anteriormente habitado, dificultando el acceso a sus visitantes y usuarios temporales. Ante la difícil y remota ubicación de Berbusa, que dificultaría cualquier actuación de repoblación, se propone la recuperación del acceso y la consolidación de las ruinas en ciertos espacios emblemáticos a través de intervenciones mínimas. Su mantenimiento podría ser facilitado mediante la reintroducción de una cabaña ovina municipal que fuera recorriendo el valle a lo largo del año, adaptándose a las estaciones, preservando los caminos tradicionales y los espacios abiertos en este nuevo paisaje híbrido. Estas estrategias fueron desarrolladas y discutidas de manera conjunta, siendo conscientes de la importancia de trabajar a una mayor escala entre los diferentes núcleos. Esto permite generar vínculos y beneficiarse de las sinergias creadas por las diferentes actividades, aprovechando las cualidades específicas que estos núcleos tan diferentes presentan. Las conclusiones de este trabajo destacan la importante tarea desarrollada por las comunidades locales, involucradas en mantener la memoria y la actividad en estos lugares, al mismo tiempo que indican la necesidad de recibir el respaldo de las instituciones públicas, y de crear estrategias coordinadas con los diferentes agentes presentes. Al mismo tiempo, se muestra la urgencia de proponer intervenciones de adaptación de estos espacios patrimoniales que sean sensibles con la identidad del lugar, habilitando la realización de nuevas actividades que faciliten su conservación y evolución, que permitan a generaciones futuras seguir conociendo y habitando estos paisajes con memoria. 4

INTRODUCTION The small villages of Oliván, Susín and Berbusa, at the Gorge of Oliván, have been investigated by an international group of architecture students, from KULeuven University, in Belgium. During a semester, they have been analysing these different settlements, with the aim of understanding their transformation in the last decades, and detecting the current potential and limitations presented. At the sale time, joint strategies for the development of the area were elaborated. They aim to allow the improvement of living-conditions in this kind of villages, while enhancing the value of its natural and cultural landscape, as key element for the future of mountain territories, fighting depopulation. Oliván, despite not having been depopulated, nowadays presents a remarkable population decrease and ageing. Its small size limits the provision of social services, which access is even more difficult for disabled users. Its urban structure, of great spatial value is formed by a big proportion of touristic and second-residence buildings, and is therefore unequally occupied along the year. Taking these two reference factors, the team developed two parale strategies: on one hand, identifying the high value unused spaces which could be temporarily recovered, combining progressively productive and recreative functions which could allow young families to live in the village; on the other hand, the creation of a flexible multipurpose space which could host different services that would be remotely or itinerantly provided (health, commerce, education, social common spaces...). In the case of Susín, an exceptional preservation state of its buildings is highlighted. This is due partly to the decrease of activity during last century, which enabled to keep its original configuration almost unchanged, generating a unique landscape formed by its traditional architecture within a regenerated natural environment. The intervention strategy proposed by this group consists of the progressive recovery of some of the spaces under risk of collapse or in ruins, through a process coordinated by Mallau Cultural Association. Through the realisation of traditional building workshops, the students propose the rehabilitation and adaptation of cetain buildings and the surrounding landscape. With it, they propose the progressive incorporation of new cultural and productive activities which would facilitate the reactivation and maintenance of the village. In Berbusa, the team identified the beauty of the new landscape created by the traces of the village (of high value for the previous inhabitants and their descendants), and the surrounding nature where they are located. This fragile space is progressively deteriorating, while the vegetation recovers the previously inhabited place. It hinders the access to their visitors and temporary users. In the face of the difficult and remote location of Berbusa, which would highly compromise any re-inhabitation action, they propose the recovery of the access, and consolidation of ruins in certain iconic spaces through minimum interventions. Their maintenance could be facilitated by the reintroduction of a common sheep herd which would move across the valley during the year, according to the season, preserving the traditional paths, and open spaces in this new hybrid landscape. These strategies were developed and discussed jointly, being aware of the importance of working at a larger scale among the different settlements. This allows to generate links and to benefit from the synergies created by the different activities, taking advantage of the specific qualities which these villages have. The conclusions of this work hightlight the important task developed by the local communtiies involved in keeping the memory and activity in these places. It indicates the necessity of being supported by public institutions, and of creating coordinated strategies with the different stakeholders involved. At the same time, the urgency of proposing adaptation strategies for these heritage spaces is revealed. These strategies must facilitate their conservation and evolution, enabling future generations to continue discovering and inhabiting the landscapes of memory.

OBJECTIVES

CONTEXT “Depopulation of rural areas is an increasing and urgent phenomenon, affecting many European regions and becoming a major challenge” (ESPON Report in Shrinking Rural Regions, 2017) One of the direct consequences of this phenomenon is the abandonment of villages and territories. In the region of Aragón, at Spanish Pyrenees, there are more than 300 documented cases of empty and ruining villages, most of which were depopulated between 1930s and 1970s. Depopulation generates several certain socio-cultural challenges, concerning heritage disappearance (cultural-natural-architectural), territorial dislocation and memory loss. At the same time, remaining local communities need to face the side effects of shrinkage, which is reflected in population ageing, limited availability of services, deficient accessibility and high dependence on private mobility, scarcity of economic opportunities, especially for women and higher qualified workers. However, some positive effects have appeared in the last decades, as a sign of re-structuration of the territory. Nature regeneration, combined with increase of urban population interest about countryside have triggered the emergence of different activities in landscape, and the start of several initiatives to recover and reactivate these depopulated territories. These punctual interventions are a sign of change of conditions and indicate new possibilities. Sobrepuerto is a territory of 15x15km, which was completely evicted and depopulated in the decade of 1960. In the last years, different experiences of recovery and reactivation were initiated, promoted by several types of users. Tourists, neo-rurals, old inhabitants and local authorities are taking part in this undefined area for which the government does not have a clear strategy, triggered by different interest which in many cases generate conflicts. Within Sobrepuerto, it is possible to find strong contrasts in a very short distance. Topography, remoteness and accessibility conditioned the evolution of many of these villages. At the gorge of Oliván, in only 2’5km there are three completely different cases: a village which was completely depopulated and ruined; another settlement which although depopulated, kept being maintained by its owners; and a village which lose population, but continued being inhabited, evolving until our days.

HERITAGE, LANDSCAPE & MEMORY

Location of Oliván valley, at the influence area of Sobrepuerto. © Galán I. 2020

OBJECTIVES

OBJECTIVES The assignment of this research elective pursues different objectives: •

To understand the spatial/programmatic transformation of these territories as a consequence of societal evolution and demographic change.

•

To identify the different users involved and their interests in these places.

•

To detect the qualities, opportunities and limitations which the spaces in this territory provide, as well as the role which heritage plays in the area nowadays.

•

To explore potential design/intervention strategies, based on other international experiences, which enable the adaptation of outdated spaces, and trigger the reactivation the territory.

•

To obtain a greater awareness of development of shrinking rural areas, and the current meaning of vernacular heritage, by deepening in the relation between natural and built environment.

This exercise is developed from “remote research” conditions, in which students worked through available and other alternative sources (geographical GIS data, existing cartography, and other graphic documents collected by the promoters), but with the limitation of not having visited the location physically. The international composition of the teams provides a rich multicultural background, contributing with reference projects and knowledge from different countries on similar contexts.

The development of the elective consists of the study of three different villages, located in close proximity, within the area of Sobrepuerto, Huesca. The three of them are situated at a distance of less than one kilometer from each other.

The group is divided in three teams, each of whom investigates one of the proposed locations:

HERITAGE, LANDSCAPE & MEMORY

Location of study cases: Oliván, Susín and Berbusa , at the gorge of Oliván. © Galán I. 2020

Oliván: situated at 900 m.a.s.l., at the bottom of the gorge, in its intersection with Gallego River valley, Oliván resisted to depopulation and evolved slowly until our days, with an economy based on agriculture and tourism, and a seasonal population. New constructions coexist with rebuilt and restored ones. Susín: located on a hill over the gorge, at 1070 m.a.s.l., this village got depopulated in the 1970s, when the last permanent inhabitants were forced to leave seeking for job opportunities and better life conditions. However, they continued visiting and maintaining part of it. Nowadays, a cultural community meets monthly to develop reparation works, and organize events to keep this place active and show it to visitors. Some of its buildings have been restored, while other keep in ruin. Berbusa: situated at the low part of the gorge, but further up it, at 970 m.a.s.l., the settlement was depopulated in 1960s, not being maintained since then. Differently from Susín, the new earth roads which were built in the valley to connect the reforested areas did not reach Berbusa, which access is only possible through the original horse-paths. All their constructions are in state of ruin, some of them even being difficult to identify among the forest.

LUCA TRIBOUT LOUISE-KLIMO JONAS DE Brouwer BROUWER MICHIEL D’HAESE D’Haese Luca Tribout - Louise Klimo Jonas de - Michiel

I GENERALITIES

BERBUSA

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

RESEARCH

0 INHABITANTS

1958

the total abondonment of Berbusa

END CIVIL WAR

1939

Acceleration of depopulation

START CIVIL WAR

1936

hits Spain: subtle start of depopulation

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

1850

in England

1750

INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

BERBUSA

The history of Berbusa is that of many other towns in Altoaragón. Depopulated since the late 1950s, its population was dedicated to livestock and subsistence agriculture. The inhabitants of Berbusa were also nicknamed as “charcoal burners” since the production of this fuel was another of their main activities. The harsh living conditions, the ravages of the Civil War, the harsh post-war period and a brighter future in the industrial Sabiñánigo meant that little by little their houses were emptying and their streets were left deserted, without children and without life. Today, some of its old buildings such as the church are silent witnesses of that history. All of them in a dilapidated state practically devoured by the thick vegetation.

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES PROBLEM SEASONAL SHEEP MIGRATION

PROBLEM

OF THE ARAGONESE MOUNTAINS

RURAL MULTI-ACTIVITY ECONOMY

IMPACT

MOUNTAIN AGRICULTURE

PROBLEM

WOOL MANUFACTURING

REASON

NOT SELF-SUFFICIANT

SEASONAL EMIGRATION

BERBUSA Economic and institutional changes by the Spanish economy Privatisation of lands High rental costs of the meadows It destroyed some of the necessary conditions Adjustment of livestock Shortage of shepherds REASON

• New alternative sources of employment in the cities • The resultant depopulation • The internal restructuring of the national livestock herds

REASON

Increase in demand for other types of meat REASON

The average levels of per capita income

Was delayed in the Pyrenees REASON

The closer proximity of the winter pasture The already existing predominance of hardier breeds

Crisis in mountain agriculture REASON

Increased specialisation in other areas that enjoyed a better ecological endowment REASON

REASON

It became possible to carry out the corresponding trade at a reasonable cost

Agricultural activity was not directed anymore towards the scale of local consumption REASON

The depopulation process

Ecological consequences Spontaneous reforestation increasing its ecological fragility for example: forest fires its inability to compete with: • modern industry • the geographical isolation • the absence of any public works policy that acted as a compensating factor

I GENERALITIES

Less mouths to feed An injection of resources for the family economies Made the step to permanent emigration easier

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

1956 - BEFORE REFORESTATION

REFORESTATED AREA

2020- AFTER REFORESTATION

BERBUSA

TYPE OF FOREST

Th e e vo lu t i o n o f S pan i s h l an d s cap e s t h r o u g h h i sto r y i s mai n ly a sto r y o f d e fo r e stat i o n b u t i n th e Py r e n e e s fo r e x amp l e al s o o f adap tat i o n to c h an g i n g c l i mat e co n d i t i o n s an d to p o g r ap h y. Th r o u g h t i me , e x p lo i tat i o n o f n at u r al r e s o u r c e s i n c r e as e d to co p e w i t h t h e r e q u i r e me n t s o f m o r e an d mo r e co mp l e x c i vi l i z at i o n s . Fo r e st s w e r e c l e ar e d fo r mi n i n g , c h ar coal , s h i p b u i l d i n g an d cau l k i n g . Th e mo st f e r t i l e l an d s w e r e co n ve r t e d i n to c u lt i vat i o n l an d s a n d mo r e p r o d u ct i ve c u lt i var s w e r e i n t r o d u c e d. M o b i l e l i ve sto c k , i n par t i c u l ar s h e e p, b e came w i d e s p r e ad, an d w i t h i t t h e b u r n i n g o f w o o d e d l an d to p r o d u c e past u r e s . I n t h e cas e o f t h e Py r e n e e s l i ve sto c k was t h e mai n e co n o mi c act i vi t y an d c u lt i vat i n g t h e l an d was b ot h a way o f f e e d i n g t h e i n h ab i tan t s an d f e e d i n g t h e s h e e p w i t h h ay d u r i n g w i n t e r . N ot u n t i l t h e b e g i n n i n g o f t h e 2 0 t h c e n t u r y w e r e r e al e f fo r t s d e vot e d to i n ve r t t h e t r e n d to d e fo r e stat i o n i n h e r i t e d f r o m t h e n e g at i ve w o o d l an d man ag e me n t o f p r e vi o u s c e n t u r i e s . Th e l an d s cap e c l e ar ly c h an g e d ove r t h e l ast c e n t u r y an d b e cau s e o f t h at Be r b u s a i s n o w lo cat e d i n an ar e a w i t h a “ d e c i d u o u s & p e r e n n i al fo r e st ” an d n e ar by “ M e d i t e r r an e an p i n e w o o d ”. Th i s c l e ar ly af f e ct s t h e vi l l ag e ’s acc e ss i b i l i t y a n d vi s i b i l i t y. I n o r d e r to r e g ai n i mp o r tan c e th i s w i l l b e o n e o f t h e mai n t h i n g s w e w i l l tak e i n to co n s i d e r at i o n w h e n d e ve lo p i n g st r at e g i e s .

I GENERALITIES

CO N C LU S I O N

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Sobrepuerto has a wide variety of cattle-farming zones indicated by different numbers on the map. The contrasting color codes show the difference in landownership and whether the villages are populated or depopulated in the case of Berbusa. The blue colors are both publicly owned but the dark blue area is owned by the region government whereas the light blue area is owned by one of the villages around. Finally, the white zones are private tenures which is the case of the village of Berbusa. The bright red colored villages house the most significant number of cattle farmers and as shown on this map it’s quite striking to see that farmers don’t necessarily use the closest land to their village but sometimes use one further away (due to renting taxes, ownership, etc). This diverges from back in time when farmers used the pastures closest to their home to farm. From Biescas most farmers use lands in the municipality of Biescas including: Ainielle, Barbenuta, Berbusa, Espierre, Gavin, Javierre, Olivan, Oros alto, Oros Bajo and Susin. As shown on the right side of the map; the valley of Olivan is one of the areas with the least total number of cattle per m2, the least m2 of available grazing land, and least use per m2. Nonetheless, since the amount of cattle is actually less than the amount of effective available pastureland you could say the area is quite underused in terms of farming. Seeing as it doesn’t have a high percentage of grazing fields, farmers should use it to its full potential.

BERBUSA

The relief of Norte Del Oturia area is steep, characterized by harsh weather conditions with long periods of low temperatures. Due to the landscape and the reforestation that took place in the 1960’s, agriculture has become scanty in the area of Sobrepuerto. Pastures are scattered all over the area as a result of the growing dense forest. Therefore summergrazing is becoming an important part of the local agriculture of Sobrepuerto. Cattle farm operations in the area are clearly differentiated into two periods: summer herding in the higher areas, and winter stabling in the lower areas when the animals are fed on stored forage collected in the valleys. Depending on the height, the available grazing time can decrease from approximately 125 days at 1000m to 75 days at 2300m (treeline). Nowadays, the village of Biescas consists of 10 farmers, with over 200 sheeps and 40 goats. The traditional cattle raising system used in the area is of the mixed type, in which both milk and meat are produced. The owners of sheep and cattle of Biescas winter their animals on the plain fields near their village and summerd them on the upper mountain and alpine pastures near Berbusa.

CULTIVATED AREAS

• SU MMER GRAZING

• CO N T RO LLE D G r A Z I N G

In sum mer grazi ng, t he vegetatio n is g raz ed during th e grow ing season, u sually so i nt e ns iv ely th at th e v eg etatio n enters wi nt er for a short peri od o f tim e. Graz ing o nly in th e sum m er peri od can resu lt i n i nsu f f ic ient f eed fo r th e g raz ers in nature areas i n t he wi nt er perio d. In nature res erv es it is d esirabl e to move sheep to anoth er pasture (s h earing ) due to lack of food. Aft er all, addi tio nal f eeding o n th e s pot lead s to t he su pply of nu t ri ent s in th e area and is o f ten not compatible wi t h t he nat u re ob jectiv es s et. Feeding pl ac es are also hig hly su sc ept i b le to t rampl ing and s o il co m pactio n

In th e cas e o f s he p he r d g r a zi n g , t he he r d l e av e s t he s he e p fo l d ev ery day and r e t u r n s t he r e at t he e n d o f t he a f t e r n o o n o r co ntinues f r o m o n e s i t e to t he n e x t. The s he p he r d determ ines wh i ch g r a zi n g g r o u n d s a r e g r a ze d i n w hi ch pa r t o f th e y ear and w i t h w hat i n t e n s i t y. The s he p he r d t he r e fo r e l arg ely co ntro l s t he e m e r g e n ce a n d d e v e lo p m e n t o f g r a zi n g g radients . B ot h u n d e r g r a zi n g a n d ov e r g r a zi n g ca n b e prev ented by the s he p he r d. O f g r e at i m p o r ta n ce i n he r d e r e d g raz ing are the r e st p e r i o d s b e t w e e n t he d i f f e r e n t g r a zi n g ro unds during w hi ch m a n y p l a n t s p e ci e s ca n b lo ss o m a n d s eed. Th is co nt r o l l e d g r a zi n g i s m a i n ly a p p l i e d o n he at h a n d dike s lo pes

3000m

2000m

I GENERALITIES

1000m

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATION Regional train station (Sabinanigo) 16km 29min 43min 2h57min

National train station (huesca) 68km 1h7min 3h51min 1day

Airport (huesca pirineos airport) 78km 1h14min 4h22min 1day

Bus station (huesca) 71km 1h7min 3h51min 19h38min

HEALTH Hospital (cruz roja in Jaca) 30km 38min 1h28min 6h3min

Public health centre (biescas) 12km 1h7min 3h51min 1day

General practitioner (Sabinagio) 15km 30min 43min 2h 48min

Pharmacy (Biescas) 12km 23min 32min 2h16min

EDUCATION IES Biello Aragon (Sabinanigo) 15km 32min 46min 3h

Instituto de Educacion (Sabinanigo) 14km 30min 44min 2h52min

Colegio Santa Ana (Sabinagio) 16km 31min 43min 2h 49min

Colegio Salesiianos (Huescas) 68km 1h7min 3h51min 1day

BERBUSA

BASIC NEEDS butcher (biescas) 12km 23min 32min 2h16min

Gasstation (Biescas) 12km 25min 35min 2h24min

Hotel (Larrede) 7,1km 22min 20min 1h22min

Bank (Biescas) 12km 28min 36min 2h21min

Supermarket (Biescas) 12km 28min 36min 2h21min

TOWNS Susin 2,3km Olivan 3,8km Biescas 12km Sabinanigo 15km Huesca 67km Zaragoza 147km

CONCLUSION elderly people • not easy accessible => car and walking needed • all “basic needs” within 15km, but not reachable with public transportation

km = Berbusa isn’t adequete for elderly people families

• Schools are within 20km reach, except for universities which are 70km away • Public transportation isn’t great, except for getting to bigger cities

= Berbusa could potentially be a place to live away from the city in the middle of nature, but only for people willing to go the extra km to get to places they need to go to every day.

I CONNECTIVITY

• Basic needs: groceries, markets, bank, gasstation, ... are within reasonable reach (<15km)

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

BERBUSA

The valley of Olivan has taken years to be formed into what it is today and it will still change in the future. The river running through the valley has cut out its way in between the mountains and keeps changing the form of the valley. Although this process happens slowly, in time it can have a great consequence on multiple aspects of the landscape.

Another contributor to erosion is the presence of the wind. Depending on the seasons, the wind can get strong enough to pick up part of the soil and move it around. The most common wind direction in the Spanish Pyrenees is the Norht. Since Berbusa is located on the south side of the mountain, the village is protected from fierce wind. However, the opening of the valley to the lowlands makes it possible for the wind to enter the valley. This can cause more erosion on the lower part of the valley which changes the form of the river. But the most profound influence on changing the valley is the presence of humans and their actions. The decision of the Spanish government to use reforestation as an economic benefit for the region has also impacted the form of the valley. The change in trees disturbs the cohesion of the soil which makes it easier for erosion to drag down earth and rocks. As a result, the sediment taken down from the mountains heaps up together and creates what they call depositional landform. This accumulation of sediments together with the erosion due to the force of the water makes the river less deep and more wide. The river and the valley are an important part of the landscape. Not only do they provide food and water to the surrounding animals, the river also forms an opening to the deeper parts of the mountains. The valley of Olivan is the only accessible way to enter this part of the mountains.

I CONNECTIVITY

AN CO

OL IVA

There are different factors that have an influence on how the valley keeps on changing. First of all there is the presence of the river that acts as an erosional agent by grinding down the soil of the valley. But this erosion doesnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t only affect the form of the valley, it also changes the form of the river itself.

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

B e rb u s a is com pl et ely surroun d e d by n at u r e . Wi t h t hi s n at u r e n ot o n ly co me m agn i f ic ent t rees and del icat e f lo w e r s bu t a lso co u n t le ss d i f f e r e n t a n i m a ls . S e e i n g as t h e Sob ropuerto area i s su r r o u n d e d by fo u r d i f f e r e n t n at i o n a l pa r ks , t h e fauna and flora are a b ig pa r t o f t he sc e n e r y. The se pa r ks a r e be i n g w e l l m a i n ta ined and cared for. Becau se o f t hi s, t he a n i m a ls d o n ot o n ly o cc u r i n t h e s h elt er of t h es e parks b ut t he y c i r c u lat e i n t he o u t sk i r t s a n d i n be t w e e n t he pa rks .

D CI

L TA EN

PA R

EN AC

Wh e n you stand in t h e m iddl e o f B e r bu sa , away f r o m c i v i li zat i o n , yo u w o u ld t h i n k t h e worl d woul d b e quie t. B u t i n st e a d yo u a r e be i n g g r e e t e d by a ll t he d i f f e rent s ounds of nat ure. Yo u m ay n ot a lway s se e w he r e t he y hi d e bu t t he a n i m a l s are al l around you. Th e r u i n s a n d t he u n co n t r o lla ble p la n t s a r e a g r e at e n v i r onm ent to b uil d t h eir nest s.

PA R

EN A

SOBREPUERTO PA R Q

UE NA CIO

NA E

LD E

IDO

PA R Q U E N AT U R A L D E LA L A

IER R

CA N

BERBUSA

mammels

birds - 44 species

I HIKING

amphibians - 23 species

reptiles - 21 species

invertebrates

fish - 7 species

farm animals

In the surrounding areas of Sob repuerto there are two different types of animals. On the one hand there are farmers and shepherds that keep their animals for food or other goods. On the other hand there is a b ig population of wild animals. These animals live in a widespread landscape and move around a lot. Some pass through Berb usa to go to another place, some come and go according to the seasons, and some are there to stay.

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

HIK ING T R AC K S FOLLOWING RUINS

BERBUSA

OLIVAN

AINIELLE

SUSIN

The are a of hue sca is f ille d w ith old ab onde ne d villag e s . The re are se ve ral hik e s w hic h try to pass as many of tho s e villag e s as possib le . The most fam o u s hike is “La se nda amarilla”. SENDA AMARILLA

OLIVAN ACCESS POINT BERBUSA

SUSIN

BERBUSA

CAMPING SPOT PICNIC RUINS

OLIVAN OLIVAN OLIVAN SUSIN SUSIN SUSIN OLIVAN

BERBUSA BERBUSA VIEW BERBUSA OLIVAN PARKINGSPOT / START OF HIKES SUSIN

BERBUSA

AINIELLE AINIELLE AINIELLE

BERBUSA

ESCARTIN

OTAL

ESCARTIN

OTAL

ESCARTIN

BASARAN

OTAL

BERGUA

I HIKING

CORTILLAS

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

• Average Weather in Biescas. (z.d.). Geraadpleegd op 10 april 2020, van https://weatherspark.com/y/43234/Average-Weather-in-Biescas-Spain-Year-Round

WINTER Summer climate = Hot and humid Min T° = -4 °C Max T° = 10 °C Precipitation = 20 - 24% Cloud coverage = 50 - 56% Rainfall = 23 - 36mm

ACTIVITIES: Skiing Mountaineering AGRICULTURE: Stabling of cattle in the lower areas of the mountains

SPRING Summer climate = Hot and humid Min T° = 0 °C Max T° = 20 °C Precipitation = 20 - 28% Cloud coverage = 38 - 50% Rainfall = 33 - 48mm

ACTIVITIES: Mountainbiking Hiking Photography Comfortable climate for hiking: T° = 10 - 15°C Humidity = 40% May is a good month to go hiking

BERBUSA

Summer climate = Hot and humid Min T° = 10 °C Max T° = 25 °C Precipitation = 14 - 20% Cloud coverage = 19 - 38% Rainfall = 23 - 38mm

ACTIVITIES: Mountainbiking Hiking Canyoning Water rafting

AGRICULTURE: Summer herding in the higher areas

AUTUMN Summer climate = Hot and humid Min T° = -3 °C Max T° = 19 °C Precipitation = 21 - 28% Cloud coverage = 37 - 56% Rainfall = 38 - 51mm

ACTIVITIES: Mountainbiking Hiking Photography Comfortable climate for hiking: T° = 10 - 15°C Humidity = 40% Oktober is a good month to go hiking

I HIKING

SUMMER

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES The visibility of Berbusa changes the whole year due to the presence of the seasons. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s why Berbusa has many faces depending on the time of year. When looking from the main road which is located on the other side of the valley, the village dissapears during summer into the vegetation which surrounds and overgrows the houses. It is rare to encounter a village which is dominated by nature instead of the other way around.

I HIKING

BERBUSA

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

OLIVAN

SUSIN

BERBUSA

LA SENDA AMARILLA famous from the fictional book “la lluvia amarilla”

AINIELLE

40 visitors per month

“It is is worth worth wasting wasting some some time, time, enjoying enjoying the the silence, silence, between between “It crumbling crumbling walls, walls, aa short short break break to to regain regain strength, strength, and and “It ismove worth wasting some time, enjoying the silence, between we on. Deciduous forests, mimicked with beautiful we move on. Deciduous forests, mimicked with beautiful BERBUSA “It is wasting time, enjoying the silence, between crumbling walls, asome short break to regain strength, and pine forests, give the the part separating us from Ainielle an “It is worth worth wasting some time, enjoying thefrom silence, between pine forests, give part separating us Ainielle an crumbling walls, aapalette, short break regain strength, and we move on. Deciduous mimicked with beautiful unbeatable color ocher, orange, red and green crumbling walls, shortforests, break to to regain red strength, and unbeatable color palette, ocher, orange, and green “It isall worth wasting some time, enjoying thefrom silence, between we move on. Deciduous forests, mimicked with beautiful pine forests, give the part separating us Ainielle an of kinds. The trail becomes very bearable until we find we move on. Deciduous forests, mimicked with beautiful “It is worth wasting thevery silence, between of all kinds.some The time, trailenjoying becomes bearable until we find crumbling abreak short break to regain strength, and pine forests, give the part separating usthe from Ainielle an unbeatable color palette, ocher, orange, red and the detour to Ainielle, the point where trail getsgreen more crumbling walls, awalls, short to point regainwhere strength, and pine forests, give the part separating us from Ainielle an the detour to Ainielle, the the trail gets more we move on. Deciduous forests, mimicked with beautiful unbeatable color palette, ocher, orange, red and green of all kinds. The trail becomes very bearable until we find we move on. Deciduous beautiful difficult.” unbeatable colorforests, palette,mimicked ocher, with orange, red and green difficult.” pine forests, give the part separating us from Ainielle an of all kinds. The trail becomes very bearable until we find the detour to Ainielle, the point where the trail gets more pine forests, give the part separating us from Ainielle an of all kinds. The trail becomes very bearable until we find unbeatable color palette, ocher,where orange, red and the detour to Ainielle, theorange, point where thegreen trail getsgreen more unbeatable color palette, ocher, red and difficult.” the detour to Ainielle, the point the trail gets more of all difficult.” kinds. The trail becomes very bearable until we find of all kinds. The trail becomes very bearable until we find difficult.” the detour to Ainielle, the pointthe where thewhere trail gets the detour to Ainielle, point themore trail gets more difficult.” difficult.” “The “The morning morning was was cold, cold, with with aa fine fine veil veil of of frost frost covering covering the the ocher ocher fields, fields, surrendered surrendered to to the the autumn autumn dream. dream. We We “The morning was cold, with a finethe veil of baptized frost covering were in Olivan, Olivan, prepared to walk walk path as the the were in prepared to the path baptized as “The morning was cold, veil of covering the fields, to the We “yellow path” “Theocher morning was surrendered cold, with with aa fine fine veilautumn of frost frostdream. covering “yellow path” the fields, surrendered to the autumn dream. We were inwas Olivan, walk the baptized as the “The morning cold, with a fineto veil of covering the ocher ocher fields,prepared surrendered tofrost the path autumn dream. We “The morning was cold,toJulio with aLlamazares finethe veil ofwho frost covering were inthe Olivan, prepared to walk the path baptized as the the “yellow path” the ocher fields, surrendered thewalk autumn dream. Wepopularized “It writer Leonés were in Olivan, prepared to path baptized as “It was was the writer Leonés Julio Llamazares who popularized the ocher fields, surrendered to the autumn dream. We “yellow path” were init Olivan, prepared to walkAmarilla, the path baptized as recounts, the in his his path” work La Lluvia Lluvia where he he raw, “yellow it in work La Amarilla, where recounts, raw, were inthe Olivan, toinhabitant walk the path baptized as the “yellow“It path” was writerprepared Leonés Julio Llamazares who popularized the last feelings of the last last of Ainielle” Ainielle” the last feelings of the inhabitant of “yellow path” “It was the writer Leonés Julio Llamazares Llamazares who popularized it in histhe work La Leonés Lluvia Amarilla, where he recounts, raw, “It was writer Julio who popularized “It was it theinwriter Leonés Llamazares who popularized his feelings work LaJulio Lluvia Amarilla, where he recounts, raw, raw, the of the last inhabitant ofhe Ainielle” it inlast his work La Lluvia Amarilla, where recounts, it in histhe work Lafeelings Lluvia Amarilla, where he recounts, raw,popularized “It was the writer Leonés Julio Llamazares who last of the last inhabitant of Ainielle” last feelings of inhabitant the last inhabitant of Ainielle” the lastthe of theLa last of Ainielle” itfeelings in his work Lluvia Amarilla, where he recounts, raw, the last feelings of the last inhabitant of Ainielle” “The “The crystalline crystalline waters waters of of the the Barranco Barranco del del Cano Cano introintroduced us us to to the the wonderful wonderful Berbusa Berbusa solano solano from from where where duced “Thecontemplate crystalline waters of the Barrancoview delof Cano introwe an unusual unusual panoramic Susín and we contemplate an panoramic view of Susín and “The crystalline crystalline waters of the Barranco del Cano intro“The crystalline of the Barranco delyellowish Cano introduced us to the wonderful Berbusa solano from stains, where Casbas dewaters Jaca that, with their very poplar “The waters of the Barranco delpoplar Cano introCasbas de Jaca that, with their very yellowish stains, duced indicated us to the wonderful Berbusa solano from where duced us their to the the wonderful Berbusa solano from where we contemplate an unusual panoramic view of Susín and presence on the opposite slope. We arrived duced us to wonderful Berbusa solano from where indicated an their presence on theview opposite slope. We arrived we contemplate unusual panoramic of Susín and of the Barranco del Cano intro“The crystalline waters weBerbusa, contemplate an unusual unusual panoramic view of Susín and Casbas de Jaca with their very stains, in thethat, town that had to yellowish resort to poplar charcoal to we contemplate an panoramic view of Susín and the town that had to resort to charcoal to Casbasin deBerbusa, Jacaus that, with their very yellowish poplar stains, duced to the wonderful Berbusa solano from where Casbas de Jaca that, with their very yellowish poplar stains, indicated their presence on the opposite slope. We arrived supplement its diminished diminished familyvery economy.” Casbas de Jaca that, with their yellowish poplar stains, supplement its family economy.” indicated their presence on the opposite slope. Weview arrived of Susín we contemplate an unusual panoramic and indicated their presence on the opposite slope. We arrived in Berbusa, the town that had to resort to charcoal to indicated theirthat presence the opposite slope. in Berbusa, the town had toon resort to charcoal to We arrived Casbas de Jaca that, their stains, in Berbusa, Berbusa, thediminished townwith that hadvery to yellowish resort to to poplar charcoal to supplement its family economy.” in the town had to resort charcoal to supplement its diminished familythat economy.” indicated their presence on the opposite slope. We arrived supplement its its diminished diminished family family economy.” economy.” supplement in Berbusa, the town that had to resort to charcoal to supplement its diminished family economy.” “The “The crystalline crystalline waters waters of of the the Barranco Barranco del del Cano Cano introintroduced us us to to the the wonderful wonderful Berbusa Berbusa solano solano from from where duced where

“The crystalline waters of Barranco del Cano intro“The crystalline waters of the Barranco delof Cano introwe contemplate contemplate anthe unusual panoramic view Susín and an unusual panoramic view of Susín and duced we us tocrystalline the wonderful Berbusathe solano from where “The waters Barranco del Cano introduced us the wonderful Berbusa solano from stains, where Casbas de to Jaca that, withof their very yellowish poplar “The crystalline waters of the Barranco del Cano introCasbas de Jaca that, with their very yellowish poplar stains, we contemplate an unusual panoramic view of Susín and duced us their to the the wonderful Berbusa solano from where we contemplate an unusual panoramic view of Susín and indicated presence on the opposite slope. We arrived duced us to wonderful Berbusa solano from where their presence on the opposite We arrived Casbasindicated de Jaca that, with their very yellowish poplarslope. stains, of the Barranco del Cano intro“The crystalline waters we contemplate an unusual panoramic view of Susín and Casbas de Jaca with their very stains, in Berbusa, thethat, town that had to yellowish resort to poplar charcoal to we contemplate an unusual panoramic of Susín and in Berbusa, the town that had to resort to charcoal to indicated their presence on the opposite slope. Weview arrived duced us to the wonderful Berbusa solano from where Casbas de Jaca that, with their very yellowish poplar stains, indicated their presence on the opposite slope. We arrived supplement its that diminished family economy.” Casbas Jaca that,had with very stains, in Berbusa, thedetown totheir resort toyellowish charcoal poplar to supplement its diminished family economy.” of Susín we contemplate an unusual panoramic view and indicated their presence on the opposite slope. We arrived in Berbusa, the town that had to resort to charcoal to indicated their presence on the opposite slope. We arrived supplement its diminished family economy.”

Casbas de Jaca that, their stains, in Berbusa, Berbusa, thediminished townwith that hadvery to yellowish resort to to poplar charcoal to supplement its family economy.” in the town that had to resort charcoal to indicated their presence on the economy.” opposite slope. We arrived supplement its diminished diminished family economy.” supplement its family in Berbusa, the town that had to resort to charcoal to supplement its diminished family economy.” “On one hand, we had sadly witnessed how nature is mer-

“On onewe hand, we had sadly witnessed how nature is mer“On one hand, had sadly witnessed how nature is mercilessly erasing the of medieval the settlements settlements of early early origin medieval origin origin cilesslycilessly erasingerasing the settlements of early medieval “OnBerbusa one hand, we had sadly witnessed how nature is merof and Ainielle; on the other, we feel completely of Berbusa and Ainielle; on the other, we feel of Berbusa and Ainielle; on the other, we feel completely completely “On one oneerasing hand,bywe we had sadly witnessed witnessed how nature on isorigin mercilessly thehad settlements of early medieval overwhelmed and exciting presence the “On how nature is meroverwhelmed by its its majestic majestic andpresence exciting presence on the overwhelmed by hand, its majestic andsadly exciting on the cilessly erasing the mountain. settlements of early early medieval origin of Berbusa Ainielle; on the other, we medieval feel completely shady slopes of A as as cilessly erasing the settlements of origin shady slopes theand mountain. A dichotomy as human as shady of slopes of the the mountain. A dichotomy dichotomy asithuman human as it it “On one hand, we sadly witnessed how nature is merofnatural, Berbusa and Ainielle; on the other, we feel completely overwhelmed by itshad majestic and exciting presence on the is common in people who love these pure corners, is natural, common in people who love these pure corners, of Berbusa and Ainielle; on the other, we feel completely is natural, common in people who love these pure corners, cilessly erasing the settlements of early presence medieval origin overwhelmed by its majestic majestic and exciting presence on the shady slopes of the mountain. A dichotomy as human as it away from interference.” away from all interference.” overwhelmed its and exciting on the awayall from all by interference.” we feel completely of Berbusa and Ainielle; on the shady slopes of the the mountain. A other, dichotomy as human as it it is natural, common in people who love these pure corners, shady slopes of mountain. A dichotomy as human as overwhelmed its in majestic presence on the is natural, natural, common in people and whoexciting love these these pure corners, corners, away from common all by interference.” is people who love pure shady slopes the mountain. A dichotomy as human as it away from from allof interference.” away all interference.” is natural, common in people who love these pure corners, away from all interference.”

“After an hour and a half with a slow pace and enjoying “After hour aa half aa slow and the beautiful forest weand arrived at with the abandoned town “After an an hour and half with slow pace pace and enjoying enjoying the forest we arrived at town of Berbusa, known for its ‘old in the the beautiful beautiful forest weschools’, arrived which at the theisabandoned abandoned town “After an rehabilitated” hour and a half with aschools’, slow pace and enjoying known processof being ofofBerbusa, Berbusa, known for for its its ‘old ‘old schools’, which which is is in in the the

I HIKING

“After an hour hourforest and half with aaatslow slow pace and enjoying enjoying the beautiful arrived the pace abandoned town process rehabilitated” “After aa we half with and processanof of being beingand rehabilitated” the Berbusa, beautifulknown forestfor we its arrived at the the abandoned abandoned town of ‘old schools’, which is in the the beautiful forest we arrived at town “After anofhour and afor half slow pace and enjoying of Berbusa, Berbusa, known for its with ‘old aschools’, schools’, which is in in the the process being rehabilitated” of known its ‘old which is • Manglano, A. (2018, 10 oktober). EN EL CAMINO HACIA AINIELLE CON PARADA ENthe BERBUSA Abeing ALMORZAR. Geraadpleegd van https://ocumo.es/ beautiful forest we arrived at the abandoned town process of rehabilitated” process of being rehabilitated” en-el-camino-hacia-ainielle-con-parada-en-berbusa-a-almorzar/ of Berbusa, known for its ‘old schools’, which is in the • Manglano, Manglano, A. A. (2018, (2018, 10 10 oktober). oktober). EN EN EL EL CAMINO CAMINO HACIA HACIA AINIELLE AINIELLE CON CON PARADA PARADA EN EN BERBUSA BERBUSA A A ALMORZAR. ALMORZAR. Geraadpleegd Geraadpleegd van van https://ocumo.es/ https://ocumo.es/ • process of being rehabilitated” en-el-camino-hacia-ainielle-con-parada-en-berbusa-a-almorzar/ en-el-camino-hacia-ainielle-con-parada-en-berbusa-a-almorzar/ • Rizo, R. (2019, 11 januari). Ainielle, la lluvia que no cesa. Geraadpleegd van https://caminarporcaminar.com/2015/10/17/ainielle-la-lluvia-que-no-cesa/ • Manglano, A. (2018, 10 oktober). EN EL CAMINO HACIA AINIELLE CON PARADA EN BERBUSA A ALMORZAR. Geraadpleegd van https://ocumo.es/ 25 Manglano, A.11 (2018, 10 Ainielle, oktober). EN EL EL CAMINO HACIA AINIELLE CON PARADA EN EN BERBUSA BERBUSA A A ALMORZAR. ALMORZAR. Geraadpleegd Geraadpleegd van van https://ocumo.es/ https://ocumo.es/ • R. januari). la que no Geraadpleegd van https://caminarporcaminar.com/2015/10/17/ainielle-la-lluvia-que-no-cesa/ en-el-camino-hacia-ainielle-con-parada-en-berbusa-a-almorzar/ • Rizo, R. (2019, (2019, 11 januari). Ainielle, la lluvia lluvia que no cesa. cesa. HACIA Geraadpleegd vanCON https://caminarporcaminar.com/2015/10/17/ainielle-la-lluvia-que-no-cesa/ • Rizo, Manglano, A. (2018, 10 oktober). EN CAMINO AINIELLE PARADA en-el-camino-hacia-ainielle-con-parada-en-berbusa-a-almorzar/ en-el-camino-hacia-ainielle-con-parada-en-berbusa-a-almorzar/ 33 • R. (2019, januari). la lluvia que no cesa. HACIA Geraadpleegd vanCON https://caminarporcaminar.com/2015/10/17/ainielle-la-lluvia-que-no-cesa/ • Rizo, Manglano, A.11 (2018, 10 Ainielle, oktober). EN EL CAMINO AINIELLE PARADA EN BERBUSA A ALMORZAR. Geraadpleegd van https://ocumo.es/ • en-el-camino-hacia-ainielle-con-parada-en-berbusa-a-almorzar/ • Rizo, Rizo, R. R. (2019, (2019, 11 11 januari). januari). Ainielle, Ainielle, la la lluvia lluvia que que no no cesa. cesa. Geraadpleegd Geraadpleegd van van https://caminarporcaminar.com/2015/10/17/ainielle-la-lluvia-que-no-cesa/ https://caminarporcaminar.com/2015/10/17/ainielle-la-lluvia-que-no-cesa/ • Rizo, R. (2019, 11 januari). Ainielle, la lluvia que no cesa. Geraadpleegd van https://caminarporcaminar.com/2015/10/17/ainielle-la-lluvia-que-no-cesa/

25 25

25 25 25

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

OLIVAN

bridge

roadblock sign Berbusa - Ainielle

view on Berbusa river BERBUSA

waterfall

sign Otal

AINIELLE

BERBUSA

13km

BERBUSA

1400

90 min on foot 40 min by bike

1300

130 min on foot 80 min by bike

1200 1100 1000 900

AINIELLE

Ravine

OLIVAN

800

I HIKING

Similar to the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Senda Amarillaâ&#x20AC;? is the hike PR-HU3. The start of the hike is different, but once in Berbusa both routes come together. Besides the abondened villages Berbusa and Ainielle, people follow the hike to get an amazing overview of the area. The two ravines create an interesting mix between the history of the villages and the overwhelming nature.

FOLLOWING HIKERS

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

hiker1

• “What a sad place... Puff, only that the strongest

village continue to fight. This one has fallen intoruins. The houses are full of ivy, flowers and strong roots that cover the ground. If we go through the middle of the village, the street turns out to be ”important”, only the church and some beautiful houses resist the passage of time. Such a place should be served for the future - it could be pleasant to sleep and stay here. During lunch we only watch the beautiful scenery

BERBUSA

• “After an hour and a half of walking at a leisurely pace and

enjoying the beautiful forest, we arrived in the abandoned town of Berbusa, known for its ”old schools”, which are currently being restored. It is worth wasting some time, enjoying the silence, between crumbling walls, a short break to regain strength, and we move on. Deciduous forests, mimicked with beautiful pineforests, give the part separating us from Ainielle an unbeatable color palette, ocher, orange, red and green of all kinds. The trail becomes very bearable until we find the detour to Ainielle, the point where the trail gets more difficult.”

• A. (2016, 30 januari). 30.01.2016 A SENDA AMARILLA, OLIVAN-BERGUSA-AINIELLE. Geraadpleegd op 5 mei 2020, van http://ibonsycrabas.blogspot.com/2016/04/a-senda-amarilla-oliban-berbusa-ainielle.html

I HIKING

hiker2

ANALYSIS STAGES OF& INTERVENTION DECAY STRATEGIES STAGES OF DECAY

STAGE 1 The building is still largely intact. The roof has not yet collapsed and the walls have not yet been affected by moisture or vegetation.

STAGE 1

The building is still largely intact. The roof has not yet collapsed and the walls have not yet been affected by moisture or vegetation. The building is still largely intact. The roof has not yet collapsed and the walls have not yet been affected by moisture or vegetation.

BERBUSA

STAGE 2 STAGE 2to moisture and vegetation. cracked due

The roof and the beams have collapsed due to moisture and woodworms that make them rot. The walls are still partly intact, but

I ATMOSPHERE

The roof and the beams have collapsed due to moisture and woodworms that make them rot. The walls are still partly intact, but cracked due to moisture and vegetation.

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

STAGE 3 STAGE 3

The weakest point of the walls breaks down. The window and door openings collaps by the weight of the stones above and the rotten woodbeams. The walls are further affected by moisture and vegetation.

BERBUSA

STAGE 4 STAGE 4 The walls have almost completely disappeared due to the overgrowth of vegetation and the weather elements such as wind and rain. Only a few stones and remnants of wood remain.

I ATMOSPHERE I ATMOSPHERE

The walls have almost completely disappeared due to the overgrowth of vegetation and the weather elements such as wind and rain. Only a few stones and remnants of wood remain.

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

stage 1

stage 2

stage 3

stage 4

BERBUSA

DOUBLE MASONRY WITH HOLES FOR THE FLOOR JOINTS the walls are made of double masonry with lime stones.these are filled with earth and gravel, which provides extra thickness and carrying capacity. Holes are provided in the inner masonry for the laying of beams for floors.

WINDOW OPENING The windows are made by using a large stone that spans the entire opening. Larger spans, such as gates and doors, are made by means of an arch masonry that takes the forces away through the arch in the wall.

SHOE SHAPE REINFORCEMENT When walls become very high, a reinforcement is made on the wall (such as the church, for example). The wall is provided with a rib or a shoe that ensures that the wall can be built higher and can remain upright for a longer time.

WOODEN ROOF

An important part of our research is the differences of decay. To understand the potential of each building we catagorized them. We can conclude that the buildings in the first two stages can be used as mark of the vilage. Stages 3 and 4 are equally important for the general character of the village.

I ATMOSPHERE

Some buildings had a roof with a wooden structure. The primary beams of the roof rest on openings in the masonry, the secondary beams rest on the primary beams and the end walls.

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

TAXUS BACCATA common yew

RHODODENDRON alpenrose

RUBUS dewberries

TAXUS BACCATA family:taxaceae common yew genus:taxus

RHODODENDRON family:ericaceae alpenrose genus:rhododendron

RUBUSrosaceae family: dewberries genus: rubus

family:taxaceae ILEX AQUIFOLIUM genus:taxus common holly

family:ericaceae VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS genus:rhododendron bilberry

family: rosaceae RHAMNUS ALPINUS genus: rubus buckthorns

ILEX AQUIFOLIUM family: aquifoliaceae common holly genus: ilex

VACCINIUM MYRTILLUS family: ericaceae bilberryvaccinium genus:

RHAMNUS ALPINUS family: rhamnaceae buckthorns genus: rhamnus

family: aquifoliaceae ULMUS GLABRA genus: ilex wych elm

family: ericaceae FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR genus: vaccinium ash

family: rhamnaceae SORBUS ARIA genus: rhamnus whitebeam

ULMUSulmaceae GLABRA family: wych elm genus: ulmus

FRAXINUS EXCELSIOR family: oleaceae ash genus: fraxinus

SORBUS ARIA family: rosaceae whitebeam genus: sorbus

family: ulmaceae BETULA PENDULA genus: ulmus silver birch

family: oleaceae POPULUS TREMULA genus: fraxinus common aspen

family: rosaceae SORBUS AUCUPARIA genus: sorbus rowan

BETULA PENDULA family: betulaceae silver birch genus: betula

POPULUS TREMULA family: salicaceae common aspen genus: populus

SORBUS AUCUPARIA family: rosaceae rowan sorbus genus:

family: betulaceae

family: salicaceae genus: populus

family: rosaceae genus: sorbus

44genus: betula

BERBUSA

CONCEPTUAL IMAGE VEGETATION ABIES ALBA european silver fer

BUXUS SEMPERVIRENS CONCEPTUAL IMAGE VEGETATION common box

PINUS family: NIGRA pinaceae black genus:pine pinus

ABIES ALBA family: pinaceae european silver fer genus: abies

BUXUSbuxaceae SEMPERVIRENS family: common box genus: buxus

family: pinaceae PINUS genus: SYLVESTRIS pinus Scots pine

family: pinaceae ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URSI genus: abies kinnikinnick

family: buxaceae CALLUNA VULGARIS genus: buxus common heather

PINUS SYLVESTRIS family: pinaceae Scots pine genus: pinus

ARCTOSTAPHYLOS UVA-URSI family: ericaceae kinnikinnick genus: arctostaphylos

CALLUNA VULGARIS family: ericaceae common heather genus: calluna

family: pinaceae JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS genus: pinus common juniper

family: ericaceae CORYLUS AVELLANA genus: arctostaphylos common hazel

family: ericaceae FAGUS SYLVATICA genus: calluna european beech

JUNIPERUS COMMUNIS family:cupressaceae common juniper genus: juniperus

CORYLUS AVELLANA family: betulaceae common hazel genus: corylus

FAGUSfagaceae SYLVATICA family: european beech genus: fagus

family:cupressaceae JUNIPERUS SABINA genus: juniperus savin juniper

family: betulaceae SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA genus: corylus red elderberry

family: fagaceae ACER OPALUS genus: fagus italian maple

JUNIPERUS SABINA family: cupressaceae savin juniper genus: juniperus

SAMBUCUS RACEMOSA family: adoxaceae red elderberry genus: sambucus

ACER OPALUS family: sapindaceae italian acer maple genus:

family: cupressaceae genus: juniperus

family: adoxaceae genus: sambucus

family: sapindaceae genus: acer

I ATMOSPHERE I ATMOSPHERE

PINUS NIGRA black pine

37 45

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

WALL FLORA The ruins are covered with a diverse range of vegetation. Whether the effects on the walls are positive or negative, depends on the type of vegetation.

SOFT HERBACEOUS PERENNIALS In some cases wall flora, especially a grassy turf on the top of a ruined wall, can protect the wall from extremes of temperature and heavy rainfall. More equitable conditions within a wall will help conserve the wall itself. This turf may be a valuable wildlife habitat conserving a number of interesting plants and animals.

WALL CLIMBERS There are a number of climbing or scrambling plants which can be found growing over walls. The most commonly encountered is Ivy (Hedera helix). Although this has long been automatically considered unacceptable for the conservation of stonework, because of the damage that may be caused, it depends on the particular circumstance of each case. In many instances Ivy does not actually root into the structure and may actually be more protective than damaging shielding masonry from rain and frost.

WOODY SPECIES These include some of the most commonly recorded species on historic properties. These species can develop strong, woody bases as they become older. These can do damage to some walls and may need to be removed, particularly as they get older.

CONCLUSION A part of the character and appeal of Berbusa is the vegetation which has overgrown the village. What weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve learned is that, besides destruction some vegetation offers oppurtunities for fauna and even form a layer of protection. Thatâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s why the presence of these plants have a big importance in the further development of the project.

BERBUSA

INTERESTING BUILDINGS

THE SCHOOL This building is the best preserved of the whole village and gives you a picture of how people used to live. They planned to further restore the building, but due to a lack of money and resources, they cancelled the plans.

It can still be entered, inside there is still some furniture and objects. The stairs are also partly intact.

Behind the building there lies an open field that was used for animal husbandry.

The roof on top of the builing is still intact but needs restoration.

I ATMOSPHERE

the building is three floors high and the view over the valley is also magnificent from here. You can view all the ruins of berbusa from above.

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES THE RUIN SHED When you enter the village from the south you come across this dilapidated shed. It has not survived the test of time, it immediately sets the mood for the rest of the walk through trails of the village. The path continues next to the shed, here the west path joins the walk up through the streets.

The path to ainielle PR-HU3

The ruin shed

BERBUSA THE OVERVIEW HOUSE This house is located further down the path just in front of the viewing terrace over the valley. Most walkers stop here, look out over the valley or watch the brickwork fall from the facade brick by brick. Although the walls are still largely intact, the vegetation has already strangled the house.

Bench & Overlook to the Olivan valley

I ATMOSPHERE

The overview house

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES THE CHURCH This is of course located centrally in the village. The plants and branches have the walls completely in their grip. The building is also difficult to enter, inside part of the arches has collapsed but the walls are so tich they still stand. Itâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s a beautiful building, on the inside as well as on the outside.

The church

Central path trough Berbusa

BERBUSA THE LARGE HOUSE This building is located right behind the church. It is almost as high as the church and is one of the largest in the village. When you walk past it you have to go through a narrow passage with the house next to it. If you continue to follow the path you will arrive at the school.

The large house

I ATMOSPHERE

Walk path between high walls of the remains of ruins

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

INTERVENTIONS Before thinking about strategies to tackle Berbusa we wanted to acknowledge its qualities and perhaps also its weaknesses in order to find what both characterizes and differentiates it from the other two villages. Due to its location we cannot deny the difficult accessibility and visibility of the village. There is no paved route that leads to it but only a dirt road from which Berbusa could easily be passed by without being noticed. As mentioned before, its accessibility also limits the users in the way that it is not adequate for elderly or disabled people. Nor is it actually equipped to accommodate people. Although it was once inhabited, nowadays it does not have the required ‘basic needs’ to be livable. (Pipes, electricity, ...) Because of this our main goal would be to give Berbusa more visibility to attract people without modifying the village too much. We want to introduce some small but meaningful interventions while preserving its authenticity. Since there is a major walking route (PR-HU3) going from Olivan to Ainelle we saw an opportunity to make Berbusa a resting point for hikers. To do so we have to make it more accessible, visible, attractive and perhaps give it a little extra to make it a worthy stop for tourists whom are mostly on their way to Ainelle which is famous due to a book written about it. With that in mind we started thinking of various little steps we can take to give Berbusa a second life. Currently not many farmers are using the valley of Olivan-Berbusa even though it is one of the main access points to the higher and central highlands of Sobrepuerto. Reintroducing cattle in the area by progressively opening up some fields could enable a potential intermediate stop for shepherds between the low- and the highland. Not only will that reactivate a sector that has been suffering the pressure of tourism and urbanization, but it will also enhance the biodiversity of the area thanks to the grazing of the animals. How can we arrange to make Berbusa both attractive to hikers and safe for sheep to graze? What are Berbusa’s “highlights” and can we perhaps (re)use some buildings with minimal required interventions?

HIKERS

SHEPHERD

SHEEP

CHILDREN

WILD ANIMALS

BERBUSA

ANALYSIS

MACRO

MESO

MICRO

SOBREPUERTO SCALE

BERBUSA & AROUND

BERBUSA VILLAGE

• Wildlife and vegetation

• Accessibility to Berbusa

• Climate

• Hiking/cycling routes

• history of berbusa • Vegetation (density)

• Accessibility within the village • Decaying stage of the ruins

• Connectivity • Agriculture • Activities (seasonal)

STRATEGY

MICRO

MESO

MACRO

BERBUSA VILLAGE

BERBUSA & AROUND

SOBREPUERTO SCALE

• How to improve accessibility?

• Use hikers’ experiences to understand the

• Can the main hiking route become one big

• What are the best lookout spots?

area and its highlights.

connection between the entire valley?

• Can we (re)use the old buildings?

• Emphasize the area’s differences in nature

• Can all 3 villages use their strengths in

• Make Berbusa more then just a passage

• Seasonal differences

order to create one story? • How to attract people (hikers/bikers/...) • How to make the route as accessible as

I OVERVIEW

possible?

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

When you are on your way to Berbusa, Olivan is probably the place where you begin your journey. Looking at the future, this village will be full of life and people. There will be all sorts of festivities and activities. This is a great way to get to know the local culture without losing your connection with the rest of the world. These events will draw a lot of attention and can attract people from all over the world. This means a lot more people will find their way to Berbusa. People who like to explore the area for a couple days have two options for accommodation. They can either stay in hotels in Olivan or they can stay in the village of Susin. When you chose the latter option you will be surrounded by an even more rustic atmosphere. You get to learn about the special local traditions and the unique worldviews of the villagers. You can get completely immersed in the local history and their exceptional way of life. In winter time, the shepherds living in Susin let their cattle stay in the warm shelter of the stables. But when summer comes, the weather in the lower part of the valley gets too hot so they move the cattle to Berbusa. This makes for an interesting encounter between the sheep and the visitors. When you hike all the way from Olivan to Berbusa and you hear the sound of sheep, there is a big chance you will get face to face whit a herd when walking up the mountain. In summer, the village of Susin organises workshops to teach all the visitors about the history and the local traditions of the area. Exploring the mountains and other villages is a part of these educational activities. They hike up the mountain to Berbusa and discover the history and the meaning of the ruins. They are introduced to all the fauna and flora that is typical for the area. They learn about the different types of construction that was typical for those times and the significance of maintaining heritage.

BERBUSA

HIKING

LEARNING

HERDING

HIBERNATING & BREEDING

Having investigated the â&#x20AC;&#x153;Senda Amarillaâ&#x20AC;?, we see that most hikers seem to have an intrest in the region during fall. The yellow leaves of the trees in combination with the ruins has a charm to it. Although hiking is posible during the whole year, the best time to visit is between september and november.

Because of the history and nature, we want to emphasize the educational value of Berbusa. The viillage and surrounding would depend on students, who could come and visit during easter holiday and summer break.

To maintain the paths and the biodiversity, sheep can be brought into the area. During hot summers, the animals have to move to higher located areas, like Berbusa. From june till october we count on the presence of the sheep in Berbusa.

The biodiversity that has been brought into the scene can be exaggerated by providing breeding and hibernating spots in the ruins. This would be from december till june when the humans are not as present.

ATING AND BR ERN EED IN G ru ary

feb

january

ber

october

april ust

july

ING RD

au g

jun

ING

ma y

HIK

LEARNING

ber

tem

sep

I OVERVIEW

no vem

HIB

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

INTRODUCING SHEEP

One of our biggest gestures is to reintroduce cattle in the area. Although the areas’ lack of accessibility and rather dense vegetation would not automatically qualify for this, we think there is a great potential to it. By bringing cattle back we hope to revive the local economy while using the cattle in our advantage to clear the villages. During our analysis of Berbusa we could determine what paths were more or less accessible for visitors. Knowing that, we mapped out the most efficient way to go through the village in order to showcase its highlights. To ensure the paths’ maintenance, we aim to use the sheep to graze in between the ruins accompanied by a shepherd. We avoid them from fleeing or damaging any buildings by reusing fallen stones from decayed ruins to recover some parts of the existing village walls. This will ensure both the animal’s safety and the preservation of the remaining ruins. One of the least decayed buildings of Berbusa will be slightly adapted to accommodate the shepherd and sheep. Lastly, we would like to take advantage of the natural water source running next to the village to give water to the sheep.

BERBUSA

Weâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ve s een that there is herding acti v i ty i n th e a r e a . Th e pr ob l e m wi th h e r d i n g i n S pain is t hat it can beco me to o hot in t he summer in the lower located a reas The she e p h av e to b e m ov e d i n to th e mou n ta i n s wh e r e there is suficient fo o d.

I FOR LOCALS

Her ding in Berbu sa can be a reme dy for b oth pr ob l e ms . We ca n pr ov i d e a patc h of land in Berbusa w here t h e sh eep can be safely lo cked u p du ring the night. The fa r me r ca n stor e h i s mate r i a l s i n th e ol d s c h ool w hich is lo cat ed nex t to t he p rot ect ed mead o w. In exchange the farmer lets the s h e e p c l e a n th e path e v e r y mor n i n g .

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

BERBUSA

SUSIN

POSSIBLE GRAZING AREAS The indicated zones are not contemporary grazing areas, but might become one in the future. The lower area of sobrepuerto is filled with bushes and trees. To obtain a biodiverse environment, we selected the less concentrated vegetation areas. Biodiversity can only be realized if there is enough sunlight and enough open space for the different species. The sheep can help to create the open space, but since they mainly eat from bushes we need to avoid dense forest which block the sunlight.

BERBUSA

INTRODUCING SHEEP

• HETEROGENEITY

• TRANSPORT OF SEEDS AND FRUITS

Grazing animals can both create and respond to the heterogeneity of the vegetation. Grazed grassland generally shows more horizontal heterogeneity than cut grassland. Unlike a mower, the grazing animals do not harvest the entire grassland to an even height.

Grazing animals contribute to seed dispersal and the exchange of genetic material when grazing multiple, diverse areas. Herbivores contribute to the distribution of plant species by transporting seeds and fruits via fur, hooves and manure. Adjustments of dispersal of seeds and fruits through animals are hook-shaped appendages to sepals, seed pods and seeds, or a mucous layer on seeds that causes them to stick firmly. Incidentally transported not only plant seeds, but also invertebrates such as snails, spiders and insects

Grassland will continue to grass without management measures; that is, flower plants decrease and grasses increase. Felting may occur at a later stage: a thick, dense, semi-dead layer of grass will develop in which no species can germinate or grow into a viable plant. In other cases, the grassy vegetation is supplanted by thinning, blackberry, thicket or forest. If you do not want this, you must mow and drain, or let it be grazed. So in order to obtain a more floristic enrichment, we will have to apply a bead management here. This mainly consists of no / little fertilization of the field and mowing, whereby the clippings are removed. Post-grazing in the autumn is also important. The plot should start bare in winter so that a lot of light enters the substrate in the spring, this promotes herb development. As the grassland becomes richer in species and flowers, the significance for the fauna also increases. Flowering plants attract many insects, such as butterflies, bumblebees, spiders, grasshoppers, bugs, beetles, hoverflies, ants ... This is very important for the balance in the ecosystem, a rich insect-living grassland attracts meadow birds, songbirds, amphibians and small mammals.

• REDUCTION OF FIRE HAZARD Grazing removes partially older grasses and woody crops, such as heather, which causes replacement of the vegetation. Young crops usually have a lower dry matter content and are therefore less flammable. This effect is important, among other things, near military practice shooting fields • PRODUCTS An other advantage of sheep is that they produce wool and meat. This can be sold as a local product in Olivan .

phase 1: appearance sheep

phase 2: grazing sheep

phase 3: restoring vegetation

dense vegeation

grazed vegetation

biodiverse vegetation

I FOR LOCALS

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

BERBUSA

As mentioned, another building that remained in quite good condition is the former school. With the idea of having cattle in berbusa during warmer seasons to graze in between the ruins to clear the paths for visitors, we also had to think of a place where the shephard could rest and spend the night when needed. Why build another building when this one could potentially be adequate to do so if we make sure it is safe and stable? Using minimal interventions without touching the building we can manage to provide a shelter with basic accomodations.

To be as subtle as posible we use the existing walls and roof as protection layer and build within the construction a seperate entity. The box-in-a-box principle was used to provide some sort of little room for the sheperd and surrounding space for the sheep. Although this isnâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t common, the sheepâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s warmth would keep the sheperd warm when staying there. By doing so we yet again show the importance of both human and animals in berbusa. Besides the bodyheath of the sheep, the house can be isolated with the wool that they provide.

I FOR LOCALS

INTRODUCING SHEEP

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Hikers are the main visitors of the village. To make the walk through Berbusa as safe as possible, we create a safe path through the village. It is maintained by grazing sheep that walk past it. There is also an annual maintenance during a massive hike through the valley. The hiking trail takes you on a hike through some of Berbusaâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s hotspots on a journey through history.

BERBUSA

When you walk up to Berbusa, you first need to cross an riverbend. In the summer there is minimal water so you can cross easily over the bolders.

When hiking to Berbusa from Olivan, one of the first things that you see from the village is the distinguishable church tower which hides behind some trees. Once you pass the first ruin, you follow a cleaned up path so you can walk safely to the monumental church.

I FOR HIKERS

The second encounter with the village is the ruin on the left. we want to keep this ruin as it is because its the first ruin you see when you walk up to Berbusa, it sets the mood for the rest of the journey through the village.

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES The church is such an important building that we want to make the path go trough it. So we need to make it safe again and remove some vegetation. The church is an important part of the history and it needs to be celebrated by opening it up to the hikers.

We repeat the process that we did with the church with the â&#x20AC;&#x2DC;large houseâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;. We open it to the public so they can explore the abandoned village

To create a safe environment, the intervention has to be subtle and may not alter the ruin walls. We chose to support them with wooden structure which can be removed at all time, so the distinction is clear between the old and new elements.

BERBUSA Although this area can only be used when the sheeps are out grazing, it offers an amazing view over the valley and insight in local farming of the aragonese mountains.

At the end of Berbusa at the border of the forest is this small house. Although the presence of nature is obvious in the whole village, this house enlarges this feeling.

You canâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t pass the village without passing the hikers shed. A shelter for hikers to take a break with an amazing view over the valley.

I FOR HIKERS

The exit of the village is indicated by an arch. It tries to form a seperation between nature and village. Although that the influence of nature was very present while crossing the village.

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Although people would probably only pass through berbusa because they looked up the area beforehand and know which route to take, it might be educating to inform them even more about the area or even about berbusa itself. By implenting several informative boards throughout the village, we add some lucrative elements to give people a broader look into the area. Not only would we want to educate them further on berbusa itself, but also on the broader area of sobropuerto. Since susin is going to have summerschools for kids, we wanted to provide some simple things such as benches, little explanation boards etc. To welcome those kids in berbusa with a guide. You could imagine them going through the village hearing about the fauna and flora, history, building typologies and finishing up by one of the lookouts with their packed lunch. With this in mind, we could possibly think of an even bigger link with susin and olivan to create some kind of continuous story.

BERBUSA

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

BERBUSA

I FOR HIKERS

Berbusa has a couple of places which offer interesting views on the valley and its surroundings. By implementing some simple elements such as extra benches made of leftover ruin stones we can emphasize the importance of going to that specific spot in order to enjoy the view. It can be a rest stop for hikers to sit, have lunch and enjoy the omnipresent nature

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Whilst a big portion of the buildings in berbusa can’t even be called buidlings anymore because they’re in such a far stage of decay, some buildings remained in quite a good state. In order to be able to benefit from those we would like to make sure they’re stable again/enough to be used for a shelter for hikers in this case and as shelter for shephards in the case of the old school building. Bearing in mind that we want to keep the buildings as original as possible, we would like to add a secondary structure in it that doesn’t thouch the ruins’ walls. Again using fallen stones from the village itself. By dividing the space into two different layers we obtain a shelter space on the bottom: both for the sun during hot summers or the rains during early autumn. On the top floor visitors could enjoy a nice lookout from above.

BERBUSA

I FOR HIKERS

By dividing the structure into two layers, we donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t need to change the appearence of the facade of the ruin. 10 columns support beams on which a platform can be build. The platform provides shelter fot the hikers, under which they can relax and make use of the stove. Above the platform hikers can get an amazing lookout over the valley.

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Insect Hotel

Food

Shelter

By using sheep to graze, you can work on more biodiversity. Sheep eat grasses, save herbs and spread seeds and bugs. They are an ultra-natural way of green management because you can control the development of a vegetation with sheep. They first eat the most protein-rich and most productive grasses and if you remove them in time, you will save the herbs. This way you can work on a more varied vegetation. Because sheep provide more biodiversity, this also means the arrival of more insects and hopefully certain animal species. To give this some importance in berbusa, we chose to demarcate a part of the village that is located on the highest area for visitors. These are strictly committed to making nature bloom without human intervention. We hope to obtain a kind of shelter for animals and insects where they can eat, rest, breed,â&#x20AC;Ś. Undisturbed. To make it clear to visitors that this is an area that they are not allowed to enter, information boards will also be provided.

Breeding

I FOR WILDLIFE

BERBUSA

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

CONCLUSION EMPHASIZING CURRENT STRAIGHT AXE THROUGH THE VILLAGE

encouriging hikers to stop for lunch and enjoy the view by providing a shelter and lookout on the main platform.

INTRODUCING SHEEP

To open up the overgrown paths of the village we introduce sheep. Due to the presence of the sheep we need to take certain measures to protect the ruins. Small walls made out of fallen stones will guide the sheep through the village. Next to the pasture on the top of the town, we’ll provide housing for the shepard . This intervention mostly depends on the other villages around Berbusa like Susin and Olivan since Berbusa doesn’t have any inhabitants who can take care of the animals.

MAKING THE WHOLE VILLAGE ACCESIBLE AND SAFE TO SHOWCASE ITS HIGHLIGHTS

Once the church and large house are made safe for visitors the new route through the village can be introduced. This intervention will showcase the authenticity of the village that we want to highlight and will provide different views over the valley.

CELEBRATING THE DIVERSITY OF THE FAUNA AND FLORA

An other advantage of the sheep is the biodivirsity which is a result of the grazing. We can try to emphasize and capture this by providing enclosed animal shelters at the top of the village away from hikers.

INFORMING PASSERSBY

If Olivan has started a stable community live, they can become a resource of tourism. That’s why the unique history and biodiversity of Berbusa can be used as a learning hub for the tourists who initially come to visit Susin.

BERBUSA

After analysing the village of Berbusa in depth, there are a couple of things that seem most important. These more meaningful aspects of the village are what inspired us to design our strategies. The one thing that stood out from the start was the subject of memory. When we first saw the photo’s of Berbusa, there was not much visible of the village itself. But looking at the ruins, you could imagine what happened there. How did it become deserted? The only thing left are a couple of stones, scattered all around the place. Who used to live here? And why did they go? Reading the book “The Yellow Rain” by Julio Llamazares you get a better idea of the history of the village. When you think about the lonely old man walking around in the deserted village with only a dog to talk to, you can really see it happen in the photo’s of Berbusa. You begin to wonder who was the last person to leave Berbusa and never look back. The ruins symbolise the life that used to be, the history and the local traditions of the area. They bring a special kind of atmosphere. Together with the overgrowing nature, it becomes a place of peace and quiet. Being so far away from civilization has its downsides but also its benefits. Standing in the middle of a deserted village makes you reconnect with nature and your surroundings. It makes you think about the little things in life, how you take so many things for granted. The people that used to live in Berbusa could find joy and happiness living a life away from technology and globalization. Nowadays a lifestyle like that is barely imaginable. Merely the presence of the ruins makes you jump back in time. This quality is something we all found fascinating and wanted to preserve and highlight when designing the strategy. But these ruins also come with disadvantages. The way the village is now, it is a bit dangerous. Some places are difficult to access so hikers have a hard time exploring the village. Though this is something that can be changed. The way we worked out our strategy, we would maintain the village and the ruins so that it stays decayed but can’t get any worse. With the help of sheep and other animals, we would clean up the main paths in the village and make them accessible again. Freeing up the paths does not only affect Berbusa but it also has an impact on a bigger scale. Some hikers have Berbusa as their main destination but most of them just pass the deserted village on their way to Ainielle, the village described in the book “The Yellow Rain”. Making Berbusa more accessible would make the hiking tracks passing through more attractive to tourists. Berbusa is not the only village being affected by the globalization and remoteness. There are multiple mountain villages going through the same thing. Tourism in the area is declining every year. Presenting Berbusa as a wonderful village to hike to would promote the entire area and put it back on the map. Besides the bad accessibility there is also the issue of the visibility. The village of Berbusa is completely submerged into the landscape. When you approach the village, depending on the season, you get a glimpse here and there of the ruins. But it is very difficult to make out any sign of the village even when you are standing right at the entry. It is literally a hidden gem. The bad visibility makes it difficult to approach but on the other hand, it is part of the charm of the village. Once you get to the centre of the village you get magnificent views over the mountains, but looking from the other side no one can see you are there. This bad visibility is mainly caused by the nature present in the village. Because of the years of abandonment, nature has taken over. Plants are growing everywhere they can and animals are making their homes in the protection of the ruins. At the moment, the place of the people in the village has been taken over by plants and animals. Thinking of different kinds of strategies, we wanted to reintroduce humans without completely driving away the animals that sought refuge in the village. While making space for people, we also made a place exclusively for the animals. That way the people and the animals can co-exist together in the village, without scaring each other away. The space for the people would be formed by adjusting some of the existing structures with respect for the memory of the ruins. A place for the hikers, when they need shelter from rain or sun, or simply a place to rest. A house for the shepherd, for when he needs a place to sleep or to stack the hay. These spaces are made inside the ruins without damaging or adjusting the structure, only making it safe and accessible enough for the hikers to find shelter and the shepherd to find a kind of home. The shepherd moving his sheep according to the seasons from Berbusa to Susin or the other way around, is not the only tangible connection between the two villages. There is also the education part in the strategy of Susin which partly takes places in Berbusa. Every summer there would be a summerschool in which they provide educational workshops and activities to teach about the history of the area. There are days when they will climb up the mountain to Berbusa and learn about the former inhabitants of the village, how they lived, worked and built their houses. This way, the legacy of the village can still be passed on to the next generation. This educational side of the strategy would be enhanced by informing, not only the people coming from Susin, but every visitor of the village of the unique history of the place. The interventions we would implement do not stand on their own. They come together in the whole of the strategy, formed by looking at both the strengths and the weaknesses of Berbusa. The strategy resembles a kind of mindset, revolving around making thought-out decisions. All these different parts of the strategy come together and support each other. They depend upon each other to make it possible. They cannot be implemented separately but they form a holistic approach to deal with the problems of the village. One of the more significant aspects to make this strategy work is the collaboration between the different villages. Working together with Olivan and Susin would make it possible to achieve this goal. But this can only be realised if the connection between the villages would be optimized and they can be self-sustainable together.

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

GIBELLINA

Gibellina is a small town located in central Sicily that was destroyed by an earthquake in 1968. A decade later, in 1979 Burri was commissioned by the mayor of the town to create a monument in memory of the town and its people lost in the tragic event. Instead of building a new structure, Burri decided to turn the ruins themselves into a monument by incorporating them into his large scale land art masterpiece. After a twenty-five-yearhalt in construction, the monument was finally completed in 2015.

AL-KUNAYYISA Al-Kunayyisa was a small Palestinian Arab village in the Ramle Subdistrict. It was depopulated during the 1948 Arabâ&#x20AC;&#x201C;Israeli War on July 10, 1948, under the first stage of Operation Dani. It was located 12 km southeast of Ramla. In 1992 the village site was described: â&#x20AC;&#x153;From a distance, the site looks like a big stone pile overgrown with a thicket of thorns. More than thirty partially destroyed buildings, including houses, still stand. The remains of arched doors and windows are visible. Fig, almond, olive, and pomegranate trees and cactuses grow among the buildings. The lands in the vicinity are cultivated by the nearby kibbutz; some are planted with cotton.

BERBUSA

SANTA CATALINA DE BADAYA The remnants of the old convent of Santa Catalina de Badaya in Basque, built in the 13th century, were vacated by the monks in 1835 and turned into a barracks for troops of the pretender to the Spanish throne, Carlos Maria Isidro de Borbon. In the midst of an ensuing conflict, the structure was set on fire and left in ruins. In 1999, a new project began to transform its shell into a stunning botanical garden. While it remains open, the project to transform it for a new use included reinforcing some of the walls with wood in a way that contrasts the old materials with the new.

ADAPTIVE REUSE OF A PIGSTY The generic solution, which has a long history in architectural approaches to sensitive ruins, was to place a ‘house within a house’, even if the original had been home for pigs. But how? What should touch what? Could parts of the new structure protect the old, in the way the old walls give extra protection to the new building? The architect, for reasons of economy and logistics, placed a timber ‘house’, which copied the facade of the original building, inside the stone but without ever touching it, while the showroom roof protects the existing structure. The arbitrariness of the windows now looks fashionable, based as it is on the functional requirements of the pigs and/or the farmer rather than a jokey translation of ordinariness.

a Nawar

HERITAGE, LANDSCAPE AND MEMORY RESEARCH ELECTIVE

SUSÍN

Frank Alonso Van Oorschot

SUSÍN

Aniqa Nawar - Frank Alonso Van Oorschot - Weronika Gajda 79

Weronika G

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

SUSÍN

In the northern part of the province of Huesca, in the Aragonese Pyrenees, is the region of Serrablo, with social, cultural and assets, consequence of its historical evolution and whose origin is in pre-Roman times. To what Throughout its history, a series of small rural areas of great interest, conditioned by the harsh characteristics of the physical environment that are not only manifestations of popular architecture but are sets with a high degree of self-sufficiency and, therefore, deserving of an analysis from the point of view of what we understand today as sustainability. This is the case of Susín, a small enclave, with a privileged location at the entrance to the Overport from the upper Gállego valley, the area most depopulated in the Serrablo region. Susín, which had its most flourishing time in the 18th century, it represented a sustainable way of living. Its inhabitants survived thanks to exploitation of nearby natural resources, integrating within an almost closed cycle of transformation and use of resources. The exchanges with the outside they were made to obtain those products or services that the inhabitants themselves do not they could achieve otherwise. This economy of small scale allowed them to lead a way of life that thrived until the middle of the 20th century. (MALLAU HOUSE IN SUSÍN / BIESCAS, HUESCA)

Connections and Routes

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Susin is situated in the heart of the Olivan valley. Admist the nature this de-populated village is close to many people by heart. From the village of Olivan the most common and interesting way to reach Susin is by walking. The village is connected to other villages around Susin, which are mostly de-populated too now a days. But from the mapping of those we can see that this village was well connected when people used to live all over the valley.

SUSÍN

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES DISTANCE OF DIFFERENT AMINITIES FROM SUSIN

DISTANCE OF DIFFERENT AMINITIES FROM SUSIN

SUSÍN

URBAN PLANING URBAN PLANING

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

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Looking at the spatial planning of the village and measurements between the buildings we can consider Susin as a space of a „human scale’’. Lack of big open areas inside the village helps to create more interactions between inhabitants and temporal users. Complexity and integrity in XUEDQ VFDOH RI 6XVLQ FDQ KDYH D PDMRU LQÀXHQFH on future development.

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SCALE

SUSĂ?N Created spaces make nice surroundings for all the activities and events which take place in the village. Susin is oriented east - west which has a meaningful impact on the open spaces between the EXLOGLQJV 8VHUV FDQ EHQHÂżW IURP WKH VXQ LQVLGH the complex but at the same time they are protected from too much heat during the day in summer which usually it is blocked by buildings and vegetation.

section 3

section 4

section 5

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES LOCATION LOCATION The scale of Susin in comparison to the surrounding is very meaningful for the village existence. It creates many relationships and opportunities with nature but at the same time KDV D ORW RI GLIÂ¿FXOWLHV ZKLFK KDG WR EH VROYHG by knowledgeable and careful design.

SUSĂ?N LOCATION In this sections we can see how Susin is exposed on the hill. The position of the village was carefully chosen in terms of visual connections with the surrounding and harsh climate conditions.

section 1

section 2

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

SUSÍN

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

SUSÍN

SPACE & ACTIVITY

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES Analysis of Susin- Communal Spaces and Activities

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SUSĂ?N Analysis of Susin- Communal Spaces and Activities

Because of the exytreme cold in winter we see less activities in Susin. But some activities that go around the year can still happen. Specially if there is a proper shelter, heating system, electricity and water then we can expand the range of activities in the village by creating opportunity of people staying in Susin.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES Analysis of Susin- Communal Spaces and Activities

The open and bigger spaces entertain activiWLHV OLNH FDPSLQJ DQG ERQĂ&#x20AC;UHV IRU WKH WRXULVWV and visitor who want to stay the night. The view of the pyraneese mountains from these spaces are key for tourist attraction. The volunteers and scouts can also stay if the camping activity is promoted to help with restoration and other works in the village. If water and sanitation infrastucture is provided then these activities can expand around most of the year.

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SUSĂ?N Analysis of Susin- Communal Spaces and Activities

The association Mallau Amigos de Susin holds monthly meeting around the year without winter as the village gets inaccessable in winter. These meetings show bonding and commitment of the people who feel rooted to the village to take the legacy forward. In the meet ups there are various activities that spread out through the year. The semi shaded, large spaces only enclosed by walls cater to more relaxed and organic ctivities. The shade helps in the summer.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES Analysis of Susin- Communal Spaces and Activities

Most of the activities hapenning in susin all can be experienced in summer. The mostly shaded (by trees) intimate courtyard spaces works great in the summer. These spaces are much more enclosed and has buildings around so can easily host cultural activities and activities of permormance that would need a backdrop. The spaces in between buildings almost create an urban scene where food parties, open food gathering and picnic spaces and breakout zones are seen.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES MATERIALS MATERIALS Knowledge about the regional architecture and how its form depends on surrounding, climate conditions and inhabitantsâ&#x20AC;&#x2122; activities should be applided in renovation and rebuilding process of all the buildings in Susin. The choice of materials is strongly related to the climat and functions of buildings. All materials can be found in the near area around the village. There are some basic rules for use of the material: construction of the buildings wood: pine/poplar stone: sand stone/limestone

use of s

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Understanding how the materials can be used before implementing new strategies for the village is substantial value. It shows complexity of architecture and its dependence on tradition and knowledge of skilfull craftsmans which were working for many years building and specialaVLQJ LQ WKLV ÂżHOG use of stone:

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used for chimmneys stones from the riverbed used for paths

buro - mud and clay mixed with herbs and straws H[WUDFWHG IURP EXUDOHV XVHG DV D PRUWDU RQ WKH VRQH ZDOOV and as a settiment layer in the roof structure lime: inside and outside on the walls

tasca: a layer of grass used to settle the slabs of a roof stones

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

After analyzing the uninhabited town of Susin from various points of view; its accesses, activities, uses and the physical condition of the original buildings, we can conclude that there are two major problems that affect the possible development of Susin since the migration of its inhabitants to the urban environment.

FRAGILITY/VULNERABILITY: 7KH Ă&#x20AC;UVW SUREOHP WKDW ZH GHWHFW LQ WKLV UHJLRQ LV WKH FRQGLWLRQ RI VRPH properties, (even though not all buildings are in the same situation) we could classify them into 5 categories. Where the two houses, Mallau and Ramon are LQ WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW FDWHJRU\ WKH EHVW VWDWH RI WKH WRZQ $OWKRXJK WKH KRXVHV DUH QRW DFclimatized or isolated to the cold winter nights, they enclose a stable space of XS WR Ă RRUV ,WV ZDOOV DQG URRIV DUH LQ JRRG FRQGLWLRQ 2Q WKH FRQWUDU\ VRPH areas near the Church of Santa Eulalia, are totally in ruins (the last category). These ruins would correspond to Susinâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s third house, which is currently the home of a large amount of wild vegetation that grows at ease and exceeds the height of the ruined walls. 5(6285&(6 7KLV Ă&#x20AC;UVW SUREOHP OHDGV XV WR WKH VHFRQG ZKLFK LV WKH VKRUWDJH RI UHVRXUFHV ERWK Ă&#x20AC;QDQFLDO DQG ODERU KXPDQ UHVRXUFHV WR LPSURYH WKH FRQGLWLRQ RI WKH few buildings that condense the town. Despite this, the inhabitants rooted to a feeling of â&#x20AC;&#x153;familyâ&#x20AC;? and closeness, together with volunteers continue to invest in the slow restoration of some buildings included in the other categories of the condition of the buildings.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES STRATEGY

The 3 ways of entering Susin correspond to different forms and represent different mobilities. The mobility for the vehicles, Inhabitants and animals, and tourists, respectively. This analysis has helped us to understand that unlike Berbusa, access is not a vital problem in Susin. 7KH DFWLYLWLHV FDUULHG RXW LQ 6XVLQ DUH YHU\ GLYHUVH DQG VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;F OLQNHG WR DUW to the community and with the cooperation of its people, even for the restoration and recovery of the buildings that make up the image of Susin. ,W LV KHUH WKDW ZH VHH D FOHDUO\ GHĂ&#x20AC;QHG VWUDWHJ\ ,W LV DERXW LQWHUYHQLQJ LQ WKHVH DFWLYLWLHV LQFUHDVLQJ WKHLU Ă RZ DQG WUDQVIRUPLQJ WKH DFWLYLW\ LQWR D ZD\ WR obtaining volunteers or money to continue with the restoration. Every month, restoration activities are carried out where, with studs and other infrastructures, the vertical walls of some houses are kept alive. But it is about occupying these houses, these properties, and giving them a use. At this time the activities that are carried out in Susin, are not carried out in the closed living spaces, but in the encounters between the buildings. The courtyards are a meeting place, for festivities and activities that bring people of all ages together and give the place some vitality again. The negative point is the scarcity of these activities throughout a year, since they do not remain consistently during the whole year because of the seasons. In winter there are hardly any activities and it is only during the sunniest PRQWKV WKDW ZH Ă&#x20AC;QG WKLV G\QDPLVP 7KXV LW LV DERXW WKLQNLQJ DERXW YDULRXV DFWLYLWLHV WKDW Ă&#x20AC;OO WKH JDSV RYHU WLPH WKDW DOORZ LWV SHRSOH ERWK UHVLGHQWV DQG tourists to be interested in Susin again.

Perhaps the most convenient thing to do would be to begin by concentrating efforts to completely restore one of the houses, allowing the existence of at least one family dedicated to Susin and the control of their activities. Of course, remote jobs, online jobs, and jobs in the surrounding areas of Sobrepuerto related to rural areas and hostelry would also be included. In order to restore, isolate and extend life, without deteriorating the vernacular aspect of the house, an economic contribution is needed, or several volunteers who progressively help to conclude the result and optimal condition of one of these houses. We are committed to the Mallau house that meets most of the requirements to be a house for a family, and a common area where we can gather those who might be interested, in the long term.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES IMPACT IN DIFFERENT SCALES

We expect our stategy to have an impact on different scales. Macro, which affect to the â&#x20AC;&#x153;scale of the territoryâ&#x20AC;? -The activities can go beyond the ring formed by these three towns, alerting curious people about a new model of cooperation between uninhabited towns. In such a way that if Berbusa lacks infrastructure, Susin favors it; And if Olivan lacks intimacy and nature, Berbusa favors this ... Each village thrives on the others and complement each other to keep the 3 alive in time.

Meso â&#x20AC;&#x153;urban scale, or scale of the village and its direct surroundingsâ&#x20AC;? -After analysing the difference in activities aimed at tourists, stationary and permanent (Living, sleeping, eating, sports ...) we can link Olivan, Berbusa and Susin. Activities related to the identity of the place, a place dedicated to the land and animals. In a didactic and educational way, activities aimed at all ages can circulate around these three villages, establishing a route, a course for farm animals, or even promoting agriculture. As Barbusa can not thrive alone we can propose symbiotic programs for the two villages. The strategic proposal is when hickers hike up and the valley and who go through %DUEXVD WKH\ FDQ Ă&#x20AC;QG VKHOWHU E\ FDPSLQJ WKHUH RU FRPH GRZQ WR 6XVLQ DQG Ă&#x20AC;QG VKHOWHU LQ WKH PLGZD\ 7KH Ă&#x20AC;UVW IDPLO\ ZKR ZLOO VWDUW WR OLYH LQ 6XVLQ FDQ PRYH IURP WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW KRXVH WR DQRWKHU RQH LQ WLPH 7KHQ WKH Ă&#x20AC;UVW KRXVH ZLOO EHFRPH D place to give tourists shelter. As the existing condition, tourists and hikers can also camp in Susin. All the revenue coming from the tourists will be used for maintainance. To connect the villages through farming, Barbusa will have cattles like sheep and a farmer who can roam around and survive in the lush vegetation available in Barbusa and on the other times of the year they can come to Susin and also stay there. This farmer can also make orchards or do more farming in Susin, and will stay here. Another 2/3 people can start working on cotton loom. They can grow cotton, UHĂ&#x20AC;QH WKHP DQG PDNH WKUHDGV DQG FORWKHV RXW RI WKHP 7KLV HFR IULHQGO\ YHUQDFXlar activity will revive from the past and educate and inspire people coming to the village. This can also generate a small amount of economic activity in the village. Another connection is done through education and volunteering. Schools can have children coming with a teacher who is a story teller. They will learn about folk lores, farming, villages and history through these short trips and it will be conveinient if these trips are arranged on weekdays when parents are at work. The kids moving along these three villages will have gained experiences and learn skills offered from these 3 villages. Students and tourits can all volunteer to help maintain and work for the villages and their restoration.

Agriculture with its future, such as the evolution of traditional crops to hydroponic technics and their enhancement. A cycle tour that begins in Olivan, ascends to Susin, and descends to Berbusa, where it again starts on a new path to Olivan.

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SUSÍN

MALLAU’S HOUSE CONTEXT MALLAU HOUSE The context

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES MALLAU’S HOUSE context

Mallau’s house is preserved in good condition which helps us to understand what are the most important values and rules of architecture in Susin. The simple form RI WKH EXLOGLQJ ZDV H[SDQGHG E\ DGGLWLRQDO EORFNV 7KHLU IRUP DQG VL]H ZDV GH¿QHG E\ IXQFWLRQ DQG XWLOLW\ 7KH SXEOLF DQG SULYDWH VSDFHV ZHUH JUDGHG DQG ZHOO integrated in the structure of the village.

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SUSĂ?N ORIENTATION OF THE HOUSE Orientation of buildings is always strongly related to their function and surrounding climate conditions. Four seasons weather in the mountains requires good solution for overheating during the summer and low temperatures in winter. Sun is usually blocked by the vegetation in open areas. In facade design it is considered as an important factor in creating maximum possible light inside the house.

21 december - 10 a.m.

21 december - 4 p.m.

20 march - 10 a.m.

20 march - 4 p.m.

21 june - 10 a.m.

21 june - 4 p.m.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES ZONING Multifunctionality of the house can be clearly seen in the plans which were inextricably connected to the light and thermal conditions outside the house. Mallau’s KRXVH RQFH ZDV LQKDELWHG E\ PHPEHUV IDPLO\ 7KH VSDFH ZDV XVHG YHU\ HI¿FLHQW IRU OLYLQJ DQG DW WKH VDPH WLPH LW KDG WR FRPSURPLVH ZRUNLQJ DQG OHDUQLQJ activities inside the house.

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GROUND FLOOR

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BATHROOM

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BEDROOM

LINING ROOM

BEDROOM

LAUNDRY

DARK

NIGHTLIGHT

DAYLIGHT

OUTSIDE

FIRST FLOOR

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SUSÍN ARCHITECTURE In the studies below we can see how the climate conditions formed architecture. The orientation is well considered according to the sun and wind studies. The vegetation around the house is not only creating a visual harmony with nature but it has an important value of shading open spaces in Susin. This areas play a meaningful role in social life of the village and improve working conditions for inhabitants. Knowledge about the climate and consequences of well designed RULHQWDWLRQ RI WKH EXLOGLQJV LV DOVR YLVLEOH LQVLGH WKH KRXVH 7KDQNV WR FDUHIXO SODFHPHQW RI WKH ZLQGRZV DQG WKHLU VWULFW GH¿QHG VL]H DFFRUGLQJ WR RULHQWDWLRQ WKH Mallau’s house is well ventilated during summer and warmed up in winter.

DIVERSE THERMAL CONDITIONS

SOUTH/WARM SIDE BIG OPENINGS CLOSED PATIO

NORTH/COLD SIDE SMALL WINDOWS OPEN SPACE

VEGETATION

LOOR

BACKYARD LESS GREEN LACK OF SHADOW

FRONT YARD HIGH VEGETATION SHADED SPACES

THERMAL CONDITIONS

SUN

WIND

COOLING ORIENTATION N-S BIGGER OPENINGS ON THE NORTH FACADE WIND DIRECTION (LOCATION ON THE HILL) MATERIAL - STONE

HEATING LOCATION OF A FURNANCE(CLOSER TO NORTH SIDE) SMALL OPENINGS ON THE ORTH FACADE SOLID FORM MATERIAL OF THE FLOORING - STONE

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES Actual state tecture. The

HOUSE FOR THE FAMILY

Micro â&#x20AC;&#x153;scale of the buildingâ&#x20AC;? $FWLYLWLHV WKDW JHQHUDWH D EHQHĂ&#x20AC;W HFRQRPLF RU YROXQWHHU WR LPSURYH EXLOGLQJV LQ EHWWHU FRQGLWLRQ 7KH REMHFWLYH LV WKH LQFOXVLRQ RI VRPH IDPLOLHV SHUPDQHQWO\ UHVLGLQJ LQ 6XVLQ connecting their residence with their work linked to the activities of the village

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SUSÍN ARCHITECTURE GUIDELINES Actual state of this house requires rebuilding and renovating the major part of it. New users and builders should respect the tradition and values of existing architecture. The guidelines below were based on studies of the Mallau’s house which was originally inhabited by few generations of families.

FORM

AREA RQH ÀRRU

85 m2

* AREA WZR ÀRRU

170 m2

ACCESS

2ND FLOOR

GATE TO PATIO

RUINS (GARDEN) PRIVATE/PUBLIC

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES ARCHITECTURE GUIDELINES %HFDXVH RI WKH ORFDWLRQ WKH KRXVH KDV VRPH VSHFLÂ¿F FRQGLWLRQV ZKLFK VKRXOG EH WDNHQ LQWR DFFRXQW E\ LWV QHZ LQKDELWDQWV )RU LQVWDQFH KRXVH H[SRVXUH WR WKH RSHQ ODQG PD\ FUHDWH D VLJQLÂ¿FDQW LQÃ&#x20AC;XHQFH RI WKH ZLQG RQ WKH EXLOGLQJ ZKLFK VKRXOG EH FRQVLGHUHG EHIRUH FUHDWLQJ DQ\ RSHQLQJV LQ WKH ZHVW H[SRVHG IDFDGH 7KH KRXVH JLYHV PDQ\ SRVVLELOLWLHV RI DFFHVV IURP SDWLR RI 0DOODXÂ¶V KRXVH IURP WKH VRXWK RSHQ VSDFH RQ WKH Â¿UVW Ã&#x20AC;RRU DQG WKURXJK WKH UDPS WR WKH VHFRQG Ã&#x20AC;RRU There are attached ruins to the east facade. The space could be reused outside or incorporated to the building.

21 june - 10 a.m.

20 march - 10 a.m.

21 december - 10 a.m.

1 2 3 4 5 21 june - 4 p.m.

20 march - 4 p.m.

21 december - 4 p.m.

POSSIBLE SENARIO FOR FUNCTION

KITCHEN

GARDEN

LIVING ROOM MAIN ACCESS

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BEDROOMS SECOND ACCESS

SUSÍN MATERIAL/STRUCTURE

MATERIAL/STRUCTURE

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5 be well though and if it is possible respected to original ones. The use of materials should 1. Stone for structure: sandstone/limestone 2. Wood for structure: pine/poplar

Theuse useof ofmaterials materials should bebewell though and if it is possible respected to original ones. The should well though 3. Use of stone from the river: paths, roof and if it is possible respected to original ones. 4. Stone for plaster: limestone 5. Burofor- mud and clay (extracted from river) mixed with herbs 1. Stone structure: sandstone/limestone

1.2.Stone for structure: sandstone/limestone strawspine/poplar used for mortar on the stone walls Wood for and structure: 2.3.Wood structure: andfrom the settling layer of aroof roof slabs Use offor stone thepine/poplar river: paths, 3.4.Use of stone from the river: roof 6. Tasca layer of limestone grass settlingpaths, the slabs Stone for- plaster: ofand a roof stones 4.5.Stone plaster: limestone Buro for - mud clay (extracted from river) mixed with herbs and straws used for mortarfrom on theriver) stone mixed walls with herbs 5. Buro - mud and clay (extracted and straws the settling a roofon slabs and usedlayer for of mortar the stone walls 6. Tasca -and layer of grass settling the slabs the settling layer of a roof slabs of a roof stones 6. Tasca - layer of grass settling the slabs of a roof stones

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REFERANCES REFERANCES

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The stre Groups aing cultura tour how to m Groups ing. ing tour how to m ing.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES The case of Civitacampomara Art camp in a depopulated village set deep in the Campobasso countryside, 180 km east of Rome The case of Civitacampomara Art camp in a depopulated village set deep in the Campobasso countryside, 180 km east of Rome Location: Campobasso, Molise,Italy In this village where there are only a few elderly people living, an artist group, led by an Roman street artist named Alice Pasquini started doing street Location: Campobasso, Molise,Italy art. to draw attention and tourism to a town that has been largely abandoned since War II. there are only a few elderly people living, an artist In thisWorld village where group, led by an Roman street artist named Alice Pasquini started doing street She daughter and of a tourism residenttohere. Shethat worked with largely a local cultural art. is to grand draw attention a town has been abandoned organizations andII.saw more than 7,000 visitors Ă RZ WKURXJK WKH VWUHHWV ODVW since World War year. Artists 2501, Alberonero, MP5, and Brus added their artistic touches to buildings around townof which also increased participation in cultural art. She is grand daughter a resident here. Shelocal worked with a local organizations and saw more than 7,000 visitors Ă RZ WKURXJK WKH VWUHHWV ODVW The artists the small village in central it into year.street Artists 2501,invaded Alberonero, MP5, and Brus addedItaly, their transforming artistic touches to abuildings cultural around playground thealso course of fourlocal days participation in summer. in art. townover which increased Groups of artists volunteers welcomed visitors, high school students providThe street invaded the small villagewith in central Italy, transforming it into ing tours of the walls, over whilethe groups ofof local workshops on a cultural playground course fourwomen days intaught summer. how to make cavatelli, a local pasta, and gave demonstrations on lacemaking. Groups of volunteers welcomed visitors, with high school students providing tours of the walls, while groups of local women taught workshops on how to make cavatelli, a local pasta, and gave demonstrations on lacemaking.

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0RQDVWHU\ RI %ODFD &URDWLD %UDF 0RQDVWHU\ RI %ODFD &URDWLD %UDF SUSĂ?N Cultural policy: Recreation of the historic landscape in the whole area of Blaca valley

Location: BraÄ? island, in the Split-Dalmatia County of Croatia.

0RQDVWHU\ RI %ODFD &URDWLD %UDF

For over 400 years the monastery was run by monks until 1963 and the death of the last of the monks. Before depopulation the hermitage was not only a monastery and religious place but has also been a , , and a and was home to a throughout the centuries. The monks were involved in the production of wine (turning out thousands of litres), had hundreds of olive trees and made their own olive oil, kept sheep, oxen and mules, and had their own bee hives that produced 3,000 kilograms of honey per year. Today, besides the archaeological, architectural, urbanistic values, cultural landscape can also determine the The monastery is open to the public as a museum with lots of fascinating artefacts, including the monastery library. There are many community activities related to landscape: clearing extensive forests and cultivating and vineyards and olive groves.Head by car NereĹžiĹĄÄ&#x2021;a over Vidova Gora to Dragovoda and then walk about 30 minutes up to the monastery or undertake the relatively challenging 2 below to really get a sense of the monastic lifestyle of times. Through diligent and , the smallmonastic community preserves a unique and beautiful heritage of Croatia.

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143

The cultural hub area attracts people to enjoy gathering and working in a beautiful scenery.

OLIVĂ N Farah Abdallah - Manar AlMashharav - Toulin Shawaf 145

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Olivรกn Village Olivรกn (in Aragonese Olibรกn ) is a village in the province of Huesca , located about six kilometers south of the village of Biescas , to which it is administratively attached, in the Tierra de Biescas . It had 37 inhabitants in 2016 ( INE ). The village has a Romanesque church dedicated to St. Martin, very well preserved and is one of fourteen churches of Serrablo built between the middle of the 10th century and the middle of the 11th century that remain today.

III Millennium BC

History

The oldest pieces of evidence from human presence in the Biescas municipality are Neolithic cists from the plain of Santa Engracia

1391

It app name o

Middle Ages Began to form as a village

146

OLIVÁN

Population

138

143 128

125

100

65 51

1900

1910

1920

1930

1940

1950

1960

population

1970

1981

1991

2001

2004

The village suffers from depopulation as it is clear in the graph. Oliván has 37 habitants (2016). The more that village populations shrink, the more birthrates plummet and economies slow down; the more facilities are closed down; the more doctors are centralized into larger towns – and the more post offices and public services are relocated to urban centers. The main challenge of the intervention is to attract all age group people and incorporate them together in order to increase social interaction.

1592 Eight hundred people from Béarn invaded and occupied Biescas

pears cited with the of Biescas Sobirón

Sixteenth Century The Castle of San Pedro was built in neighboring Jaca , together with other defenses still visible in the valleys of the Aragon and Gállego rivers.

1937 Involved in Battle Sabiñánigo,

the of

147

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Accessibility Nearest Amenities

8.7 km 10 min driving

8 km 9 min driving

DIA

Escuela de Infantil de

10 min 7.7 km REPSOL

Asepeyo

148

Fitness center

OLIVÁN

Pepe Pádel Biescas

10 km 12 min driving

e Educación Biescas Bar Restaurante Puertolas

5.1 km 8 min driving

IES Biello Aragón

14.6 km 15 min driving

15 km 16 min driving

Oficina de policia municipal de Sabiñánigo

149

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Climate of Olivรกn

35 C

The following graphs show the climate of Olivรกn over the year. You can find the chance of rain, snow, sunny and cloudy day in every month of the year as well as the average temperature.

Chance of Sunny Day (%)

Month

Chance of Cloudy Day (%)

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chance Of Sunny Day

Rain

100%

Sep

Dec

75%

Aug

Oct

Nov

Jul

50%

Sep Aug

Jun

Jul Jun

May

25%

Apr

May

Apr

Mar

Jan

42 43

Feb

10 14

Mar

Jan Feb

Snow

Olivรกn

As it could be concluded from the climate analysis is that Olivรกn witnesses rain all year long which could be beneficial for rain collection strategies. The sunniest months of the year happen to be in summer which also affects the tourism in Olivรกn, and help to favor the climate to let the people enjoy all sort of activities and outdoor workshops.

Chance of Rain %

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Chance of Snow %

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Source of Data: https://www.holiday-weather.com/olivan_es/averages

150

OLIVร N

High Low

July is the hottest month in Olivรกn with an average temperature of 23o C (73o F) and the coldest is February at 7o C (45o F) Dec

Oct

Nov

Sep Aug

Jul Jun

Apr

May

Mar

Jan

Feb

Average Temperature

Average High / Low Temperature o

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

Average Temperature o

Jan

Feb

Mar

Apr

May

Jun

Jul

Aug

Sep

Oct

Nov

Dec

151

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Nature Around Olivรกn Forests

Olivรกn Village

1050 m

1000 m

Agricultural Land

Scrub Forest

1200 m

Deciduous Forest

Coniferous Forest

1300 m

890 m

920 m

152

OLIVร N

Water Bodies The nearest water collection point is located nearby Olivรกn at the River Gรกllego, where we can get advantage of the water to use it for crop watering.

River

Agricultural Land 850 m

153

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Nature Around Oliván Cultivation Fields It can be concluded that there is an abundance in crop types, such as, wheat, grape, barely etc.… These be used to cultivate in Oliván uncultivated agricultural fields as method of eco restoration.

Barley Grape Alfalfa wheat 0 https://onesoil.ai/en/

154

2 2019

Sq. Ha

OLIVĂ N

The native vegetation of Mediterranean climate lands must be adapted to survive long, hot summer droughts and prolonged wet periods in winter. Mediterranean vegetation examples include the following: Evergreen Tree: such as bay laurel, pine, cypress, and oak Deciduous trees: such as sycamore, oak and buckeyes Fruit trees such as olive, figs, walnuts, and grapes Shrubs: rosemary, Erica, banksia, and chamise Sub-Shrubs: lavender, halimium, and sagebrush Grasses: grassland types, themeda triandra, bunchgrasses, sedges, and rushes. Herbs: achillea, dietes, helichrysum, and penstemon

155

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Cultural Activities Bike Route

Hiking R

A very nice ride starting from Biescas, suitable for a progressive introduction to mountain biking basic skills. Perfect to enjoy the quiet and beautiful surroundings of Biescas, and spend an active day with friends or family.

This is th route to Otu of old ruins cars is th descent aft Basa.

Biescas

Difficulty: Medium KM: 16.6 Height Gain: 135 m Duration: 2h

Oros Alto

Oros Bajo

Rio Gallego Olivรกn

Path: 12% 4x4 Track: 62% Road: 26%

156

OLIVĂ N

Hiking Route This is the second most frequented route to Oturia because it presents a few of old ruins of villages. If you has two cars is the option most popular to descent after the ascent form Yebra de Basa.

OlivĂĄn Berbusa Susin

k: 62% %

157

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Cultural Activities The residents of the town and friends, moved by the desire to promote and carry out different cultural activities, decided almost ten years ago to create a cultural association that would help to recover the collective memory and delay, as far as possible, forgetfulness and loss of a whole series of values that have managed to forge the identity and character of the inhabitants of these mountains.

Concerts

Micro-Theatre Festival

158

OLIVÁN

159

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Olivรกn Axonometric View

160

OLIVÁN

161

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Nature â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Building Layers Nature â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Building Layers

Axonometric View View Axonometric

3 1

Projecting buildings above the terraced landscape resulted in many interesting enclosures, and here are shots showing their different spatial qualities of some of them. Later on, you Projecting will find a special scheme buildings above the terraced illustrating these landscape urban enclosers and showing resulted in many interesting their different characteristics and here how are we shots showing their enclosures, and incorporate them in reviving the village.

different spatial qualities of some of them. Later on, you will find a special scheme illustrating these urban enclosers and showing their different characteristics and how we incorporate them in reviving the village.

Buildings

Terraced Landscape - Topography

162

OLIVÁN

163

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

164

OLIVÁN

3d Zoning

165

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

166

OLIVÁN

3d Zoning

167

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

The approach of the research is qualitative which is well-suited for determining the building conditions of Olivรกn village. St Martin church is visited by people so this means that it is an inhabited building that is visited by tourists and people from the village and the surrounding places.

The upper and lower windows are open which means that the house is inhabited by people.

168

OLIVÁN

3d Zoning

169

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

It is clear that the center of Olivรกn village is the potential core center of the village which is high in architectural and ethnographic interest. In the center, resides the landmark which is the church that has the most architectural and cultural value.

170

OLIVĂ N

3d Zoning

is the s high In the hurch value.

171

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Urban Transects Urban Transects It is an important path where the church of Sint It is an important path where the church of Sint Martin which is a touristic attraction appears to be Martin dominant.which is a touristic attraction appears to be

dominant.

02 It is a path where we exit the village and at the timewhere a path that leadsthe village It issame a path we exit to the organized open air seasonal and at the same time a path that leads concert.

to the organized open air seasonal concert.

The sectional transect shows how the buildings are situated on the steep mountain that allows the The sectional transect shows existence of beautiful terracedhow the buildings are situated spaces with breathtaking views. on the

steep mountain that allows the existence of beautiful terraced spaces with breathtaking views. 04

The narrow paths of Olivรกn invite the curiosity of the visitor to exploreThe narrow the paths village.of Olivรกn invite

the curiosity of the visitor to explore the village.

172

OLIVÁN

03 05

01 04

173

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Applied Strategies Problems After analyzing Oliván village, from different perspectives; the land uses, activities, the accesses, the vacancies, and the conditions of the buildings, we can conclude that the village is associated with high levels or pockets of deprivation and social exclusion. The first problem that the village witnesses is a social shift due to the migration of its local population. In fact, Oliván is facing a problem of depopulation; the place is abandoned due to the lack of basic needs necessary for everyday life, so that the villagers fled from the mountain to the lowlands or cities. The first problem led to the second problem which is the shortage in resources whether they were financial or human resources and this contributed to an economical issue, in addition to the lack of leisure activities.

Opportunities and strategies On another hand, in Oliván the air is cleaner because there is less traffic and fewer factories and other facilities that emit pollution. Life in rural areas is thought to be slower paced, resulting in lower levels of anxiety and a greater sense of relaxation. For these and other reasons, rural residents exhibit better mental health on the average than do urban residents. This proposed project will be designed to contribute socially, economically, physically and aesthetically to regenerate the local environment and empowering the community ties. It is possible to achieve a balance between tourism development, conservation and heritage preservation through the implementation of comprehensive rehabilitation that take account not only of the buildings or site heritage, but also of the natural environment in which it is inserted and respect the lifestyle of its people, their culture, their identity. The group of activities that can be implemented within the architectural heritage: 1- Housing: restore large houses that are inhabited to welcome tourists in rooms specially reserved to them, which will allow mutuality and a cultural sharing in the context of tourism solidarity. This will allow the inhabitants to consider their responsibilities towards their land, their customs and traditions and share them with others. 2 - Restaurants (local food), where people are invited to cook local food with the inhabitants. 3- Farming activities that can be implemented in the adjacent agriculture fields. 4-Shopping ( selling local food or crops…) 5- Cultural hubs: Co working spaces to share knowledge and innovations and in the individual units to brainstorm.

174

OLIVĂ N

the the

of its e is the

ther e, in

wer o be For age

cally unity

and that ural ure,

oms the heir with the

the 175

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Mic Th pro of

Me Aft Be link exp act

Wi wil Th con un the the

An ow wo

Ma Ea inc exp

176

OLIVÁN

Impact Of The Strategies The strategies are expected to have influence on different scales: Micro-scale ( Building scale ): The strategies will affect the buildings in a way that they will be renovated to serve the proposed programs. Some terraces and outdoor spaces will be generated on site and of course some spaces will be added (such as the info pavilion). Meso-scale ( Village scale ): After analyzing the activities (sleeping, eating, sports…) in the three villages, Susin, Berbusa and Oliván, it could be concluded that there is a sense of dynamism that can link the 3 of the villages. The rural setting of the villages generate non forgetful experiences of which could be linked to a specific vista or setting. They have common activities and one of them is the agriculture that possess a big potential in the area. Without forgetting that the activities, the seasonal concerts, and the residence renting will generate a socio-economic benefit to the village. On one hand the villages The eco friendly activity of agriculture will help to revive the area, educate, inspire, and connect people with different interests ( Artists, scientists…).The village can host university students coming in the summer vacation. They can learn and get indulged in the breathtaking views. Skills could be learned and locals can volunteer and promote the village. Another connection is done through the possibility of renting houses that are already owned by locals. Renters can be welcomed in an atmosphere with stone walls, wooden ceilings, and fireplaces that create a unique experience.

Macro-scale (Territory scale): Each village is unique in its own characteristics and opportunities which favors the incorporation between the villages. Social Media here play an important role into exposing the beautiful atmospheres to the people that live on the other side.

177

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Defining Users Defining Users

- Relaxing for few days.

Relaxingbyforthefew days. - Artists who get- inspired picturesque village. - Artists who get inspired by the - Innovators who may find a place picturesque village. to exchange knowledge and experiment different ways of life Innovators who may find a place and work.

exchange

knowledge

and

different ways of life - Companies small experiment congresses or team-building sessions. and work. - University summer schools orsmall congresses or - Companies campaigns (artistic or scientific).

team-building sessions.

- University summer schools or campaigns (artistic or scientific).

- Relaxing - Helping with tour guides of the village - Renting their houses - Guided farming workshops

- Relaxing - Helping with tour guides of the village

Either Hiking or cycling toward higher areas

- Renting their houses - Guided farming workshops

178

Either Hiking or cycling toward higher areas

OLIVĂ N

Working on farming/agriculture or providing services to visitors and other inhabitants. The agricultural activities are crucial for their economy.

179

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Strategies Strategies

Program Zones Program Zones

Dispersed Motel Units Sheep Barn From Berbusa

Dispersed Mote

Sheep Barn From Berbusa

Store

Info Pavi

Glass Restaurant Experience Green House

Restaurant Letting visitors cook using bio products that is harvested on site

Glass Restaurant Experience Green House

Cultural Hub Restaurant

Info Pavilion

Dispersed Units

Letting visitors cook using bio products that is harvested on site

Cultural Hub Dispersed Units

Semi Campus Opening the village to younger community of artists who could inspire by the area, Could be used as summer schools for different professions

Eco Restoration

Info

Info of la tool use

Storage For tools and machinery

Semi Campus Store

Cultural Revitalization

Eco Restoration

Cultural Revitalization

180

Opening the village to younger communitySelling of b that is harv artists who could inspire by the area, Could be used as summer schools for different professions

OLIVÁN

el Units

Store Info Pavilion Cultural Café with co-working spaces

Experiment Hub Opening the village to a larger international community of innovators, artists who may find a place to exchange knowledge and experiment different ways of life and work

Info Pavilion

Info Pavilion Information about type of land/ types of crops/ tools and machinery used… etc.

Storage

Introductory / Welcoming Center Built with transparent Material to ensure that the identity of the village stay the same

For tools and machinery

Store Selling bio products that is harvested on site

181

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Strategies Strategies Added interventions Added interventions

Glass Restaurant*

Added Interventions

S th

Added Interventions

182

OLIVĂ N

Introductory / Welcoming Center* Built with transparent Material to ensure that the identity of the village stay the same

Store* Selling bio products that is harvested on site

183

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Strategies Strategies

Program Zones Program Zones

Dispersed Motel Units Sheep Barn From Berbusa

Dispersed

Sheep Barn From Berbusa

Sto

Info

Glass Restaurant Experience Green House

Restaurant Letting visitors cook using bio products that is harvested on site

Glass Restaurant Experience Green House

Restaurant Cultural Hub

Info Pavilion

Letting visitors Dispersed Units bio cook using products that is harvested on site

Cultural Hub Dispersed Units

Restaurant Semi Campus Barn

Restaurant

Accommodation

CulturalBarn

FarmingAccommodation

Cultural

Farming

184

Opening the village to younger community of artists who could inspire by the area, Could be used as summer schools for different professions

Storage

For tools and machinery Semi Campu

Opening the village younger community Sto artists who could inspire the area, Sell Could be used as summ that schools for differe professions

OLIVÁN

Motel Units

Store Info Pavilion Cultural Café with co-working spaces

Experiment Hub Opening the village to a larger international community of innovators, artists who may find a place to exchange knowledge and experiment different ways of life and work

Info Pavilion

to of by

mer ent

Information about type of land/ types of crops/ tools and machinery used… etc.

Storage

Introductory / Welcoming Center Built with transparent Material to ensure that the identity of the village stay the same

For tools and machinery

Store Selling bio products that is harvested on site

185

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Conclusion It could be concluded that the strength of this promising project to safeguard and revitalize this abandoned heritage could be summarized as follows: - Integrating the current economic environment. - Enhancing social cohesion and traditional customs. - Conciliating practices and values of cohesion and social aid with the demands of contemporary comfort. The design is responding to the mountain environment and taking advantages of the breathtaking views (circulation paths, terraced balconies). - The housing preservation is responding to the inhabitants needs, it is based on the traditional urban and architectural heritage and it could be hosting different renters all year long - Regeneration of land and other natural resources that enable and support human activities.

186

OLIVÁN Phase 2

Phase 1 Phase 1

Strategies

Sheep Barn

Implementation Phases

Info Pavilion

Phase Info Pavilion

1 Sheep Barn

Farming Lands

Info Pavilion

Farming Lands

Info Pavilion Info Pavilion

Providing information about type of land/ types of crops/ tools Providing information and machinery about type ofused… land/ etc. of crops/ tools types and machinery used… etc.

Info Pavilion Storage For Farming Equipment Storage For Farming Equipment

Farm Related Interventions

Cultural Even Farming Lands

Farm In thisRelated phase. Interventions We are focusing on creating job opportunities for youth. Farming is the starting wheel of the project, people will get involved in activities that will revive the area and will later on boost its economic In this phase. We arethe focusing job opportunities for youth. Farming is the starting wheel of the situation. In that way, village on cancreating be inhabited all over the years and more ecological related events could project, people get involved in activities that will revive the area and will later on boost its economic take place future. Phase 2in thewill situation. In that way, the village can be inhabited all over the years and more ecological related events could take place Phase 2 in the future.

Cultural Once the Even fina The seasonal Once eventsthe thatfina wil The seasonalth will increase eventsStorage that wil Fo Equipment will increase th

Farm Related Interventions

In this phase. We are focusing on creating job opportunit project, people will get involved in activities that will rev situation. In that way, the village can be inhabited all over take place in the future.

Building some temporary installation related to seasonal concerts and Building some temporary events happening installation relatedin the to outdoor areas seasonal concerts and

ormation of land/ ps/ tools ormation ofy used… land/

s/ tools used…

wheel of the its economic eventsofcould wheel the ts economic events could

Phase 2

Sheep Barn

events happening in the outdoor areas

Cultural Events Interventions Cultural Interventions Once theEvents financial status becomes stable, the second phase which is related to tourism can be started. The seasonal events will attract people with different interests from different places to enjoy the different events that will occur on different interesting spots of thephase villagewhich with its As aberesult, this Once the financial status becomes stable, the second is beautiful related tosceneries. tourism can started. will increase financial incomepeople that willwith be different used laterinterests to further develop the village. The seasonal the events will attract from different places to enjoy the different events that will occur on different interesting spots of the village with its beautiful sceneries. As a result, this will increase the financial income that will be used later to further develop the village.

187

Phase 3 & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES ANALYSIS

Phase 4

Phase 3

Phase 4

Cultural Hub Units Cultural Hub Units

Semi Campus Semi Campus Cultural Workshops Experiment Hub Cultural Workshops Experiment Hub

Educational / Research Related Interventions

Related Servi

Educational Related In this phase,/ Research when the village is Interventions widely known for its ecological experience, we can attract researchers and innovators to have seasonal workshops and experiments. Also, universities (especially art related departments) launch different summer schools studentsexperience, can get inspired byattract the surrounding nature In this phase, can when the village is widely known for where its ecological we can researchers and and use the different andand outdoor terraced landscape to work and(especially interact. art related innovators have dispersed seasonalworkshops workshops experiments. Also, universities Phase 4 to departments) can launch different summer schools where students can get inspired by the surrounding nature and use the Phase 4 different dispersed workshops and outdoor terraced landscape to work and interact.

Related After theServi three are needed. T village. After the three are needed. T village.

Restaurants Restaurants Welcoming Center Welcoming Center Store Store

Related Services

Services earchers and Related After the three phases, the expected population and tourist numbers are increased. Thus, extra facilities art related are needed. These facilities (restaurants, stores, welcoming center..) will form a new income source for the earchers and After the three phases, the expected population and tourist numbers are increased. Thus, extra facilities unding nature village. art related are needed. These facilities (restaurants, stores, welcoming center..) will form a new income source for the nding nature village.

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OLIVĂ N Overall In

Phase 5 Phase 5

Overall In

Dispersed Motel Units Dispersed Motel Units

Related Services Related Services Now, more people are expected to live for short period of time. So, it is important to provide some dispersed accommodation units across the village with beautiful views to enrich their stay. This will let people interact duringmore teir stay andare alsoexpected provide additional Now, people to live for income. short period of time. So, it is important to provide some dispersed Overall Interventions accommodation units across the village with beautiful views to enrich their stay. This will let people interact during teir stay and also provide additional income.

Overall Interventions

me dispersed Finally, the overall interventions are reflecting a very ambitious plan for OlivĂĄn, which could provide ople interact more activity and services, and therefore also better life-quality for the area, integrating nicely in the me dispersed

Finally, the overall interventions are reflecting a very ambitious plan for OlivĂĄn, which could provide

urbanactivity patternand of the village.and therefore also better life-quality for the area, integrating nicely in the ople interact more services, urban pattern of the village.

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Finally, the more activit Finally, the urban patter more activit urban patter

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Users Interactions Users Interactions

These seasonal events attract different users and let them These seasonal interact at different events attract different times during the years.

users and let them interact at different times during the years.

Bio restaurant along with the green house restaurant attract the different users. People will be picking crops harvested in the farming fields and cooking. During these moments, knowledge about the bio products and their cooking will bealong Biorecipes restaurant exchanged between younger community restaurant attract the and older people who had been working in will be picking cro this area for most of their lives. Healthy food is grown locally and served which establish agreements with local farmers

farming fields and c moments, knowled products and their c exchanged between and older people wh this area for most of t

Healthy food is grown locally and served which establish agreements with local farmers These spaces would be spots of gathering between artists community who would get inspired by working in these areas and other tourists in their holiday who are interested in art, as well as older people who could be These spaces would be engage in interesting talks spots of gathering about the history and between artists community stories of the village who who would get inspired by would further inspire the working in these areas and artists.

other tourists in their holiday who are interested in art, as well as older people who could be engage in interesting talks about the history and stories of the village who would further inspire the artists.

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OLIVĂ N

g with the green house e different users. People ops harvested in the cooking. During these dge about the bio cooking recipes will be n younger community ho had been working in their lives.

Decent and attractive research places are at the core of the strategy: work spaces are designed to ensure comfort, flexibility, and to enhance creative work enabling strong connection of people to nature. Innovators, researchers as well as students of different disciplines can conduct researchers and/or experiments and make use of the localâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s experiences, practices and knowledge

By Farming, we can regenerate land and other natural resources that enable and support human activities and flourish life within the village. It provides job opportunities to locals and new interesting experience for tourists.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Eco Restoration Related Activities

Eco Restoration Related Activities Cooking

Researching Experiencing

Shopping

Farming

Researching Experiencing

Farming

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OLIVĂ N

Cooking

Researching Experiencing

Shopping

Researching Experiencing

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INTERVENTION Eco ANALYSIS Restoration&Related Activities STRATEGIES

Cooking

In the restaurant and the green house restaurant mentioned earlier, Healthy food is grown locally and served, which establish agreements with local farmers.

Eco Restoration Related Activities

Researching Experiencing

In the co working spaces to share knowledge and innovations and in the individual units to brainstorm.

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Eco Restoration Related Activities

Farming

Outdoor in the agricultural Lands Indoor in the green houses.

Eco Restoration Related Activities

Shopping Buying bio products that are produces locally.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Outdoor cultural spaces invite visitors to work and gather in a rural, romantic, and unique experience.

The Farming workshops will be interactive and informative workshops that bring The Farming workshops will be interactive and informative workshops that bring together people and locals together in order to learn and experience farming. together people and locals together in order to learn and experience farming.

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Indoor Fa Indoor Farming is the future of farming. It is very beneficial as the predicted to be snowy and rainy at some seasons, sopredicted indoor farmin grow all crops, in any place, at any time which offer faming exp grow all visitors all year long.

Indoor Farming is the future of farming. It is very beneficial as the visitors a predicted to be snowy and rainy at some seasons, so indoor farmin grow all crops, in any place, at any time which offer faming exp visitors all year long.

Indoor Farming is the future of farming. It is very beneficial as the weather is predicted to be snowy and rainy at some seasons, so indoor farming allows to grow all crops, in any place, at any time which offer faming experience for visitors all year long.

What about experiencing the most dramatic dinner with a view to the hills. No matter the cuisine, light-filled spaces make dishes delightful.

xperiencing the most dramatic dinner with a view to matter the cuisine, light-filled spaces make dishes

iew to dishes

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Cultural Events in Respect to Spatial Qualities

Duo to the slo similar to an o seasonal conce

Leveled terrace an inspiring are

Cultural Outdoor Spaces ( used by artists to work with nature) Seasonal Events “amphitheater Like” Outdoor Path

A platform over 198

OLIVĂ N

ope of this terrace, it creates a space that is outdoor amphitheater that can host several erts and festivals

es that overlook the surrounding nature create eas for artists to work in

rlooking the village with nature 199

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Cultural Events in Respect Qualities to Cultural Eventsto Spatial in Respect

Spatial Qualities

Cultural Spaces for Smaller Events Cultural Spaces Highlighting Views

2 Cultural Spaces for Smaller Events Cultural Spaces Highlighting Views

Narrow paths between buildings/ terraces in which its focal point is an interesting view toward the village/ nature.

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Clusters of buildings create a courtya connecting the contained area with village, can be used for small events

Narrow paths between buildings/ terraces in which its focal point is an interesting view toward the village/ nature.

OLIVĂ N

Clusters of buildings create a courtyard that is open from one side connecting the contained area with the surrounding paths of the village, can be used for small events and art performances 201

ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

The and

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The cultural hub area attracts people to enjoy gathering and working in a beautiful scenery.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES Shaded grape leaves paths highlight interesting vistas.

Shaded grape leaves paths highlight interesting vistas.

Each corner of the village has his own kind of story Each corner of the village has his own kind of story

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The village has a lot to offer to heritage and nature fans. Outdoor paths are perfect for a relaxing nature walk.

OLIVĂ N

The village has a lot to offer to heritage and nature fans. Outdoor paths are perfect for a relaxing nature walk.

The village can hostvillage seasonalcan events and concerts where flexible and fixtures could be installed order to serve the event. The host seasonal events concerts whereinflexible fixtures could

be installed in order to serve the event.

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Sections ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

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Connecting all of the village, shaded pathways meander along the slope follow the landscape’s contours while all the buildings feature terraces and spac balconies that allow the interiors to practically merge with the exterior views. spectacular sceneries become an important part of the outdoor cultural activitie Connecting all of the village, shaded pathways meander along the slope following

theshaded landscape’s contours while all the buildings feature terraces and spacious Connecting all of the village, pathways meander along the slope following balconies that allow the interiors to practically merge with the exterior views. The the landscape’s contours while all the buildings feature terraces and spacious spectacular sceneries become an important part of the outdoor cultural activities. balconies that allow the interiors to practically merge with the exterior views. The spectacular sceneries become an important part of the outdoor cultural activities.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

ence _Reference Examples_ Examples

Italy Revives Abandoned Villages as Experiential Travel Destinations EXAMPLE 1

Sextantio Albergo Diffuso

Italy Revives Abandoned Villages as Experiential Travel Destinations EXAMPLE 1

Sextantio Albergo Diffuso

Northeast of Rome, Santo Stefano di Sessanio nestles in the middle of Abruzzo and is one of the region's most striking hilltop towns. There one finds the 30-room Sextantio Albergo Diffuso. Named after some of the area's first settlers, Sextantio's gorgeous series of buildings spreads throughout the handsome ofvillage, was purchased thenin meticulously Northeast Rome, which Santo Stefano di Sessanioand nestles the middle ofrevived Abruzzoby andSwedish-Italian is one of the entrepreneur, hotelier Kihlgren. region's most philanthropist, striking hilltop and towns. ThereDaniele one finds the 30-room Sextantio Albergo Diffuso. Named after some of the area's first settlers, Sextantio's gorgeous series of buildings spreads throughout the handsome village, which was purchased and then meticulously revived by Swedish-Italian entrepreneur, philanthropist, and hotelier Daniele Kihlgren.

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OLIVÁN

Alberghi diffusi, the literal translation of which is widespread hotels (or scattered hotels), represents a unique model that redevelops abandoned buildings in small villages with an eye to hosting tourists. These lodgings, instead of being in one vertical building, are distributed horizontally among various restored buildings around the settlement, integrating guests within the community.

ROOMS & SUITES The 30 guestrooms of Sextantio Albergo Diffuso are spread over a gorgeous series of meticulously revived buildings composed into a luxurious and singular hotel. All rooms were restored using strictly local materials – primarily terracotta tiles, wood, and limestone – and by adhering accurately to historical ways of building. Artisanal skills that go back centuries were revived.

Albergo Diffuso Comeglians, located in the northeastern region of Friuli-Venezia Giulia, is made up of rooms in former farms and stone barns, while the reception area is in an old dairy. In Matera, Sextantio Le Grotte Della Civita has inserted accommodations inside sassi, the cave dwellings that sheltered locals until the Italian government moved residents out in the 1950s. Its 18 bedrooms are set in simply- furnished, candlelit caves.

ARCHITECTURE Set throughout a medieval hamlet that was falling into disrepair, the hotel was reanimated and carefully modernized by local architects.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

Revitalization of Lacoste’s historic Maison Basse:

SCAD’S LA MAISON BASSE (Lacoste, France)

EXAMPLE 2

Maison Basse is located in France’s Luberon Valley — a region that has been inhabited since Neolithic times. Just as stones were positioned for constructions of grandeur in Aix and Arles and up north in Paris, the foundation was laid for a farmhouse below Lacoste. What remains of this structure, and what it has become over the course of 600 years, we call Maison Basse. Luckily, the village was saved and is currently owned by SCAD (Savannah College of Art and Design), who has, with the help of its own Historic Preservation students and professors, completely renovated and restored the site.

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Maison Basse is an example of what architectural historians call vernacular architecture — a space that evolves over time to reflect its environmental, cultural, and historical contexts. As SCAD alumna and preservationist Kate Firebaugh discovered, the site of Maison Basse was also a community hub. During initial excavations, for example, she and her team uncovered a massive community oven.

“We've heard stories of people coming to Maison Basse to bake bread and share meals, which is very unique for a farmhouse in this area.”

With the revitalization of the Maison Basse main building now complete, nearly 300 students from all around the world who study at SCAD Lacoste each year have the incomparable opportunity to live and learn in this inspired space. The village has a strong artistic heritage as many famous painters and writers, including Van Gogh, Picasso, and the Marquis de Sade, stayed in the village.

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ANALYSIS & INTERVENTION STRATEGIES

SCAD preservationists, alumni, and staff all worked alongside local masons and specialists to make the spaces suitable for SCAD students beyond the restoration process â&#x20AC;&#x201D; -Selecting furniture for each room -Hanging specific art -Hauling books to fill the SCAD Lacoste library -Transforming medieval caves into artist studios -Photography darkrooms AFTER

BEFORE

Creative Solutions The main challenge with Maison Basse was finding a solution that simultaneously respected the spaceâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s historic significance and made it functional for contemporary and future needs.

BEFORE

The spacious community oven of the site on the ground floor was transformed into a reading nook. On the top floor, in the former hayloft where the roof had caved in, they installed a massive skylight and created an expansive painting studio. Adjacent to the studio, they added a Mac lab and staircase.

Before and after: The former hayloft of Maison Basse is now a light-filled studio for SCAD students.

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AFTER

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BEFORE

AFTER

Before and after: A 17th century community oven is transformed into a warm reading nook for SCAD students, faculty, visiting artists, and guests.

THE ARMORY TRANSFORMED INTO AN AUDITORIUM

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