IJIRST –International Journal for Innovative Research in Science & Technology| Volume 3 | Issue 02 | July 2016 ISSN (online): 2349-6010
Dynamic Irrigation Management System for Crop Variants with Remote Invocation K. Brindha Assistant Professor Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Kathir College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India
K. T. Dhivya Assistant Professor Department of Electronics & Communication Engineering Kathir College of Engineering, Coimbatore, India
Abstract Dynamic irrigation management system was mainly developed to optimize water use for agricultural crops and to irrigate crops variants automatically. The system has a single master and a slave unit. The slave consists of group of soil moisture sensor placed in the root zone of the plants. In addition, a gateway unit handles sensor information and transmits data to a micro controller. The flow sensors are used to find the quantity of water flows into the fields. An algorithm was developed with threshold values of humidity that was programmed into a microcontroller-based gateway to control water quantity which controls multiple fields with crop variants through the solenoid valves. This entire system is controlled by a single master says mobile phone of the farmer. Keywords: Soil moisture sensor, Flow sensor, Solenoid valve _______________________________________________________________________________________________________ I.
INTRODUCTION
In developing countries, the majority of people live in rural areas, and most of them rely on agriculture for their livelihoods. Over recent decades trends in food production have been generally positive across most regions. Land is necessary for sustainable agricultural development and food production. Global demand for water has risen sharply over the last century. Total annual water withdrawal from agriculture, municipalities and industries rose from less than 580km 3 in 19th century to more than 3900 km3 in 20th century. Agriculture accounts for approximately 70 percent of total fresh water withdrawal in the world, mostly through irrigation. The viable use of water is a priority for agricultural waterless areas. Discrepancies between degradation of surface, availability and demand and quality of ground water, inter-sectorial competition and inter-regional conflicts often occur in these regions. The area of irrigation will increase in the following years while fresh water supplies will be averted from agriculture to meet the increasing demand of domestic use and industry. Automatic technologies have been developed for agricultural productions because most of the countries income is based on the agricultural productivity. To get more profit it is necessary to supply the best possible amount of water and maintain duration of water supply effectively for better food production. The implementation of water-saving irrigation was more and more crucial [1]. So under scarcity condition significant effort has been devoted over time to introduce strategies aiming to increase water efficiencies based on the proclamation that more can be achieved with less water through better management. This paper gives the review of monitoring and irrigating system based on the existing technologies and GSM based remote control and monitoring system with automatic irrigation system is proposed for crop variants. Recent advances in wireless sensor networking technology have lead to the development of low cost, low power, multifunctional sensor nodes. Sensor nodes enable environment sensing together with data processing. Currently many standard technologies are available for WSN: ZigBee, Bluetooth, GSM and GPRS. All operate within the Industrial Scientific and medical band of 2.4GHz, which provides the license free operations, huge spectrum allocation and worldwide compatibility. Different crops require different amount of water consumption. Few crops may acquire fewer amounts of water and the rest with large amount. Previously the amount of water for the crops were let with respect to time which lead to insufficient water for few crops and excess of water for other crops. This may ruin the growth of the crop according to the crop variants; the farmers have rotational system to distribute water for the commands outlet. To resolve these conflicts we proposed a methodology which allocates water for a specified crop that may vary according to the soil moisture content and also depends on the growth stage of the crop. II. PROPOSED METHODOLOGY The proposed hardware of this system includes 32bit PIC16F877A micro-controller, GSM module, soil moisture sensors, LCD, flow sensors and electric solenoid valve. The system is low cost and low power consuming so that everyone can afford it. The data monitored is collected at the microcontroller which refers to the reference values of soil moisture. It can be used in precision farming[2]. The system should be designed in such a way that even illiterate villagers can operate it. Endlessly the system has to monitor the humidity level of the fields throughout the day as the humidity value may vary. Thus we are designing a system “Dynamic Irrigation Management System for Crop Variants with Remote Invocation� which consists of a single master and
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Dynamic Irrigation Management System for Crop Variants with Remote Invocation (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 02/ 058)
slave units. The slave consists of group of humidity sensor placed in the root zone of the plants. If the humidity value is less than the reference value, the system starts automatically were the water flows through the flow sensor where the flow sensors senses the flow of water, and a multi slaves are fed with required quantity of water. This entire system is controlled by a single master says mobile phone of the farmer. The electric solenoid valve is used to distribute and redirect the water supply. Software and hardware take data from various sensors and in addition, a gateway unit handles sensor information and transmits data to a micro controller. The flow sensors are used to find the quantity of water into the fields. An algorithm was developed with threshold values of humidity that was programmed into a microcontroller-based gateway to control water quantity which controls multiple fields with crop variants through the electric solenoid valves. The function of the system is updated to the farmer to his/her mobile phone as a text message [3] using the GSM MODEM.
Fig. 1: block diagram
Soil moisture sensor The soil moisture sensor is used to determine the volumetric water content analysis of the soil. This makes it ideal for performing experiments in courses such as soil science, agriculture science, environmental science, etc. The soil moisture sensors are used to determine the following: 1) Measure the loss of moisture contents for various species of plants. 2) Evaluates optimum soil moisture contents for various species of plants. 3) Monitors soil moisture content to control irrigation in greenhouses.
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Dynamic Irrigation Management System for Crop Variants with Remote Invocation (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 02/ 058)
Fig. 2: Soil moisture sensor.
The Soil Moisture Sensor uses capacitance to measure dielectric permittivity of thesurrounding medium. In soil, dielectric permittivity is a function of the watercontent. The sensor creates a voltage proportional to the dielectric permittivity, and therefore the water content in the soil is easily determined. Flow Sensor: Water flow sensor consists of a plastic valve body, a water rotor, and a hall-effect sensor. When water flows through the rotor, rotor rolls. Its speed changes with different rate of flow. The hall-effect sensor outputs the corresponding pulse Signal.
Fig. 3: Flow sensor
It uses a simple rotating wheel that pulses a Hall Effect sensor. By reading these pulses and implementing a little math, we can read the liquids flow rate accurate to within 3%. The threads are simple G3/4 so finding barbed ends will not be that hard. Electric solenoid valve An electric solenoid valve is an electromechanically operated valve. The valve is controlled by an electric current through a solenoid. In the case of a two-port valve, the flow is switched on or off. In the case of a three-port valve, the overflow is switched between two outlet ports. Multiple solenoid valves can be placed together on a manifold. Solenoid valves are the most frequently used control elements in fluidics. Their tasks are to shut off, release, dose, distribute or mix fluids. They are found in many application areas. Solenoids offer fast and safe switching , high reliability, long service life, good medium compatibility of the materials used, low control power and compact design.
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Dynamic Irrigation Management System for Crop Variants with Remote Invocation (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 02/ 058)
Fig. 4: Electric solenoid valve
GSM Module: GSM (Global System for Mobile Communication), is a standard set developed by the European Telecommunications Standard Institute (ETSI) to describe protocols for second generation (2G) digital cellular networks used by mobile phones. The GSM standard was developed as a replacement for first generation analog cellular networks, and originally described a digital circuit switched network optimized for full duplex voice telephony. This was expanded over time to include data communication, first by circuit switched transport, then packet data transport via GPRS (General Packet Radio Services) and EDGE(Enhanced Data rates for GSM Evolution or EGPRS). Future improvements were made when the 3GPP developed third generation (3G) UMTS standards followed by fourth generation (4G) LTE advanced standards.
Fig. 5: GSM/GPRS Module
GSM/GPRS module is used to establish communication between a computer and a GSM-GPRS system. Global System for Mobile communication (GSM) is an architecture used for mobile communication in most of the countries. Global Packet Radio Service (GPRS) is an extension of GSM that enables higher data transmission rate. GSM/GPRS module consists of a GSM/GPRS modem assembled together with power supply circuit and communication interfaces (like RS-232, USB, etc) for computer. The MODEM is the soul of such modules. III. IMPLEMENTATION Automation in agriculture through our system is achieved by initializing the LCD display. Then it will ask to select the crop for each field since the crops may vary according to the field. If the crops are selected for each field, the system will initialize the required content of water during that growth stage of the respected crop. Meanwhile the soil moisture sensor will detect the humidity value for each field. And if the humidity absorbed is less than the reference value the system will starts irrigating by starting the motor. The motor run according to the predefined value says the quantity of water mentioned for the growth stage of the crop. The motor run till the amount of water delivered through it is equal to the predefined value. And if the humidity value is equal or greater than the reference value the system will checks for the humidity values continuously. The systems flow can be easily understood by the following flow charts:
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Dynamic Irrigation Management System for Crop Variants with Remote Invocation (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 02/ 058)
Fig. 6: Flow chart for automated irrigation system
Fig. 7: Flow chart for a selected crop
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Dynamic Irrigation Management System for Crop Variants with Remote Invocation (IJIRST/ Volume 3 / Issue 02/ 058)
The program for the above system is designed using MP Lab software. The MPLab ICD 3 in-circuit Debugger system works is provided here. It is intended to provide enough information so that a target board can be designed that is compatible with the debugger for both emulation and programming operations. The basic theory of in-circuit emulation and programming is discussed so that problems can be encountered easily and are quickly resolved. Tools Comparison. Debugger to target communication. Target communication connections. Debugging with the debugger. Requirements for debugging. Programming with the debugger. Resources used by the debugger. Embedded C is a set of language by the C standards committee to address commonality issues that exist between C extensions for different embedded systems. Historically, embedded C programming requires nonstandard extensions to the C language in order to support exotic features such a fixed-point arithmetic, multiple distinct memory banks, and basic I/O operations. In 2008, the C standards committee published a technical report extended the C language to address these issues by providing a common standard for all implementation to stick to. It includes a number of features not available in normal C, such as, fixed-point arithmetic, named address spaces, and basic I/O hardware addressing. IV. CONCLUSION AND FUTURE ENHANCEMENT This project can be further enhanced with the convenience of android application; the farmer will be able to control the motor and pesticides proportion and monitoring activities remotely. This project will allow us to improve the efficiency of the irrigation process. And also the power supply can be given through the biaxial PV panels. REFERENCES [1] [2] [3] [4]
Akyildiz W. Su, Y. Sankarasubramaniam, and E. Cayirici, “A Survey on Sensor Networks,” IEEE Communications Magazine, Vol. 40, No.9, pp.102-114, August 2002. Scheduling , controlling and monitoring of agricultural devices using android application. MukeshChoudhary, SumeetDhone, AkshayJadhav, ChetanDhandal, Prof. J. M. Nighot. A. Aziz, M. H. Hasan, M. J. Ismail, M. Mehat, and N. S.Haron, “Remote monitoring in agricultural greenhouse using wireless sensor and short message service (SMS),”International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET Vol:9 No: 9 A Wireless Sensor Networks Based Detector for Agricultural Monitoring T. Pradeepa1*, R. Thirumurugan2, Dr. S.Prabakar
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