A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Hydroptherapy as Complementary Therapy for Client with Arthritis among Rural Area
Tamilselvi. S1, Priyadharashini. S2, Charumathy. E2
1
ABSTRACT
Background:Astudytoassesstheeffectivenessofhydrotherapyas complementarytherapyforpatientswitharthritisamongruralarea. MaterialAndMethod:ThequantitativeresearchapproachwithA quasiexperimentalstudydesignisusedinthisstudy.Twogroupone controlgrouponeexperimentalgroupwasusedinthisstudyto achievetheobjectives.Thesamplesizeofthestudyconsistsof50 patientswithstudypainamongclientswitharthritisatKondanchery. Clientswereselectedusingthepurposivesamplingtechniquemethod whofilledtheinclusioncriteriathedemographicvariablesand NumericalPainRatingScaleusedfordatawascollectedtolevelof painamongarthritisRESULTS:showsthatinthecontrolgroup,the pretestmeanscoreofpainwas7.00±1.19andthepost-testmean scorewas6.88±1.17.Themeandifferencepainscorewas0.12.The calculatedpaired‘t’testvalueoft=1.809showsthattherewasno significantreductioninthelevelofpainbetweenthepretestandthe post-test.4showsthattheclinicalvariablepresenceofco-morbidities (χ 2=9.881, p=0.042) hadshownstatisticallysignificantassociation with post-test level of pain among patients with arthritis at p<0.05levelandtheotherdemographicvariableshadnotshown statisticallysignificantassociationwithpost-testlevelofpainamong patientswitharthritis.CONCULSION:toassesstheeffectivenessof hydrotherapyascomplementarytherapyfortoreducepain
KEYWORDS: Arthritis, hydrotherapy, complementary therapy
INTRODUCTION
Arthritisisanage-related,bonedegenerationaliment whereintheprotectivetissueontopofthejointsgets damaged.Thecausesmayvaryfromage-relatedwear andteartochronicinfection,severeinjuryorlackof anynutrients.
Arthritisisage-relatedbonelossthatdamagesthe protectivetissuecoveringthejoints.Causesrange fromage-relatedwearandteartochronicinfections, fections,seriousinjuries,andnutritionaldeficiencies. Arthritishasbeenknowntomankindsinceancient times and can be observed in most age groups. References to arthritis can be found in texts for centuries.Priorto1600,arthritiswasrare.Duringthe Age of Discovery, it spread across the Atlantic Ocean.Thediseasewasgivenitspresentnamein 1859. In the past, Indian literature consisted of informationonarthritisanddidnotspecifythetype
How to cite this paper: Tamilselvi. S | Priyadharashini. S | Charumathy. E "A Study to Assess the Effectiveness of Hydroptherapy as Complementary Therapy for Client with Arthritis among Rural Area" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 24566470, Volume-6 | Issue-7, December 2022, pp.10561063, URL: www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52563.pdf
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ofarthritis.The18thcenturyandhis19thcenturysaw great progress in understanding and diagnosing arthritis. There is no specific treatment for this condition, but certain measures such as patient education,exercise,rest,andsurgeryareusedto relieve symptoms and treat arthritis. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) belongs to the family of systemic connective tissue diseases and is a chronically progressive inflammatory disease that primarily affectsperipheraljoints1.Althoughprogressive,the diseasehasperiodsofhighandlowdiseaseactivity thatarereflectedinsymptomsandfunction.Asthe disease worsens, joints are left with irreversible changes2. Characteristic clinical features of rheumatoid arthritis usually include: morning stiffnesslastingmorethananhour,pain(usually morepronouncedatrest),swollenjoints,deformity,
andlimitationofphysicalactivityandaconsequent deteriorationinqualityoflife(QOL).Fassbender4 definesthreedifferentdeterminantsthatdescribethe big picture Rheumatoid arthritis: An exudative inflammatoryprocessthatcausesswelling,pain,and stiffness. proliferative destructive processes that affectjointdestruction;primarynecrosis,suchas enzymaticcollagenolyticprocesses.B.Myocardium, bloodvesselsandscleraoftheeye.Previousstudies havecomparedpatientswithadocumentedcauseof paintothosewithlesscertainpainetiologythrough samples from patients with CP and rheumatoid arthritis.Ingeneral,thesestudiesfoundsignificant differences between samples, with CP patients experiencing greater painanddistress thanthose diagnosed with rheumatoid arthritis. However, increased psychological distress may be due to greaterpainreportedbypatientsdiagnosedwithCP. The potential lack of distinct structural and pathophysiologicalabnormalitiesinindividualswith chronicsofttissuepain,combinedwithlongerwait timestoseespecialists,maymakeCPpatientsmore vulnerabletoYoumayexperiencegreatpain.
METHODS AND MATERIALS
Study Design: Quantitativeresearchapproachpre experimentalstudywasadoptedforthepresentstudy: Astudytoassesstheeffectivenessofhydrotherapyas
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
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complementarytherapy for patients with arthritis among rural area Study Setting: The study was conductedfordurationof4weekon3JUNE2022till 24 JUNE 2022 at kondcherry of host institution
Ethical Approval: After obtaining the ethical clearancefrominstitutionalEthicalcommittee(IEC) of Saveetha Institute of medical and Technical scienceandaformalpermissionfromtheheadof village at kondcherry to conduct the study was conducted Study participant: Totalof50diabetes clientwhofulfillandmeetstheinclusioncriteriawere recruitedasstudyparticipants.Theinclusioncriteria Patientswitharthritis.Clientswhoarewillingto participate in the study. The exclusion criteria Patientswithotherco-morbidcondition.Clientswho arenotwillingtoparticipateinthestudy. Sampling Technique: A Total of 50 diabetes client were recruitedbasedontheinclusioncriteriabyusing purposivesamplingtechnique. Informed Consent: Thepurposeofthestudywasexplainedclearlyin depthtoeachofthestudyparticipantandwritten informed content was obtained for them PreAssessment: The demographic and clinical information was collected usingnumerical rating scaleafterestimatinglevelofpainamongarthritis. Post-test: thelevelofpainamongarthritisclient
Description of the demographic variables showsthatintheexperimentalgroup,mostofthepatientswith arthritis,11(44%)wereagedbetween30–40years,16(64%)weremale,13(52%)hadprimaryeducation, 14(56%)wereprivateemployee,10(40%)hadanincomeofRs.5001–10000andRs.10001–20000permonth respectively,17(68%)wereHindus,25(100%)wereresidinginruralarea,17(68%)weremarried,18(72%)were non-vegetarian,15(60%)hadthedurationofpain3–5,14(56%)hadlessthan120/80mmHg,16(64%)hadno substandardbehaviourand16(64%)hadhypertensionascomorbidity.
Thetable1showsthatinthecontrolgroup,mostofthepatientswitharthritis,10(40%)wereagedbetween30–40years,14(56%)weremale,16(64%)hadprimaryeducation,13(52%)wereprivateemployee,10(40%)hadan incomeofRs.5001–10000andRs.10001–20000permonthrespectively,18(72%)wereHindus,25(100%) wereresidinginruralarea,20(80%)weremarriedandwerenon-vegetarian,15(60%)hadthedurationofpain3 –5,14(56%)hadlessthan120/80mmHg,16(64%)hadnosubstandardbehaviourand16(64%)hadhypertension ascomorbidity.
Education
Noformaleducation 2 8.0 2 8.0
Primaryeducation 13 52.0 16 64.0 Secondaryeducation 8 32.0 6 24.0 Graduate 2 8.0 1 4.0
Occupation
Dailywages 9 36.0 11 44.0
Governmentemployee - - -Privateemployee 14 56.0 13 52.0 Unemployment 2 8.0 1 4.0
Income per month
BelowRs.5000 3 12.0 3 12.0 Rs.5001–10000 10 40.0 10 40.0 Rs.10001–20000 10 40.0 10 40.0 AboveRs.20001 2 8.0 2 8.0
Religion
Hindu 17 68.0 18 72.0 Muslim 3 12.0 4 16.0 Christian 5 20.0 3 12.0 Others - - - -
Residence
Urban - - -Rural 25 100.0 25 100.0
Marital status
Married 17 68.0 20 80.0 Single 2 8.0 2 8.0 Divorced 1 4.0 0 0 Widowed 5 20.0 3 12.0
Dietary pattern
Vegetarian 7 28.0 5 20.0 Non-vegetarian 18 72.0 20 80.0 Duration of pain <2 6 24.0 6 24.0 3–5 15 60.0 15 60.0 >6 4 16.0 4 16.0
Blood pressure level
Lessthan120/80mmHg 14 56.0 14 56.0 Lessthan140/90mmHg 7 28.0 9 36.0 Lessthan160/100mmHg 4 16.0 2 8.0 Above160/100mmHg - - - -
Any substandard behaviour
Alcohol 3 12.0 2 8.0 Smoking 5 20.0 6 24.0 Drugabuse 1 4.0 1 4.0 Nil 16 64.0 16 64.0 Presence of co-morbidities
Hypertension 16 64.0 16 64.0 Diabetes 7 28.0 8 32.0 Renalfailure - - -Heartfailure 2 8.0 1 4.0
Theabovetable2showsthatinthepretestofexperimentalgroup,14(56%)hadseverepainand11(44%) moderatepainwhereasaftertheadministrationofhydrotherapyinthepost-test,17(68%)hadmildpain,6(24%) hadmoderatepainand2(8%)hadnopain.
Theabovetable2showsthatinthepretestandpost-testofcontrolgroup,17(68%)hadseverepainand8(32%) moderatepain.
Theabovetable3showsthatintheexperimentalgroup,thepretestmeanscoreofpainwas6.76±2.56andthe post-testmeanscorewas2.56±1.23.Themeandifferencepainscorewas4.20.Thecalculatedpaired‘t’test valueoft=16.267showsthattherewassignificantreductioninthelevelofpainwhichwasfoundtobe statisticallysignificantatp<0.001level.Thisclearlyinfersthattheadministrationofhydrotherapyamong patientswitharthritisintheexperimentalgroupwasfoundtobeeffectiveinreducingthelevelofpaininthe post-test.
Theabovetable3showsthatinthecontrolgroup,thepretestmeanscoreofpainwas7.00±1.19andthepost-test meanscorewas6.88±1.17.Themeandifferencepainscorewas0.12.Thecalculatedpaired‘t’testvalueoft= 1.809showsthattherewasnosignificantreductioninthelevelofpainbetweenthepretestandthepost-test.
Thetablealsoshowsthatthecalculatedstudentindependent‘t’testvalueoft=0.611inthepretestwasnot foundtobestatisticallysignificant.
Thetablealsoshowsthatthecalculatedstudentindependent‘t’testvalueoft=12.757inthepost-testwasfound tobestatisticallysignificantatP<0.001level..Thisclearlyinfersthattheadministrationofhydrotherapyamong patientswitharthritisintheexperimentalgroupwasfoundtobeeffectiveinreducingthelevelofpaininthe post-testthanthepatientsinthecontrolgroupwhohadundergonenormalroutineprotocol.
Occupation χ 2=1.017d.f=4p=0.907N.S
Dailywages 9 GovernmentemployeePrivateemployee 14 Unemployment 2 Income per month χ 2=2.541d.f=6p=0.864N.S
BelowRs.5000 3 Rs.5001–10000 10 Rs.10001–20000 10 AboveRs.20001 2 Religion χ 2=4.221d.f=4p=0.377N.S Hindu 17 Muslim 3 Christian 5 OthersResidence - UrbanRural 25 Marital status χ 2=10.835d.f=6p=0.094N.S Married 17 Single 2 Divorced 1 Widowed 5 Dietary pattern χ 2=0.733d.f=2p=0.693N.S Vegetarian 7 Non-vegetarian 18
Duration of pain χ 2=2.533d.f=4p=0.639N.S <2 6 3–5 15 >6 4
Blood pressure level χ 2=2.346d.f=4p=0.672N.S
Lessthan120/80mmHg 14 Lessthan140/90mmHg 7 Lessthan160/100mmHg 4 Above160/100mmHgAny substandard behaviour χ 2=8.092d.f=6p=0.231N.S Alcohol 3 Smoking 5 Drugabuse 1 Nil 16
Presence of co-morbidities χ 2=9.881 d.f=4 p=0.042 S* Hypertension 16 Diabetes 7 RenalfailureHeartfailure 2 *p<0.05,S–Significant,N.S–NotSignificant
Thetable4showsthattheclinicalvariablepresenceofco-morbidities (χ 2=9.881, p=0.042) hadshown statisticallysignificantassociationwithpost-testlevelofpainamongpatientswitharthritisatp<0.05leveland theotherdemographicvariableshadnotshownstatisticallysignificantassociationwithpost-testlevelofpain amongpatientswitharthritis.
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CONCLUSION
Thisstudyconcludedthathydrotherapyadministered amongthepatientswitharthritisfoundtobeeffective inreducingthelevelofpainamongthepatients. Hence it is suggested that hydrotherapy can be appliedascomplimentarytherapyforthereductionof painamongarthritispatientsintheclinicalsetting.
ACKNOWLEDGMENT
Authors would like to appreciate all the student participantfortheirco-operationtocompletethe studysuccessfullysuccessfully
CONFLICT OF INTEREST
Authorsdeclarenoconflictofinterest
FUNDING SUPPORT
None
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