Teacher guide
2012 list total = 250
alphabetical topics in Roger Frost’s Organic Chemistry o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o o
alkanes alkanes - fuels alcohols alkenes amides amines amino acids analysis and detection arenes bonding - hybridisation carbohydrates carbonyl compounds carboxylic acids DNA halogenoalkanes isomerism nitriles polymers proteins and enzymes reaction pathways
alkanes - alkenes – see also fuels alkanes - structure - homologous series hydrocarbons - introduction alkanes -cycloalkanes - structure alkanes - IUPAC nomenclature alkanes - IUPAC nomenclature - parent name alkanes - IUPAC nomenclature - longest chain alkanes - IUPAC nomenclature - numbering chains alkanes - IUPAC nomenclature - substituents alkanes - IUPAC nomenclature - exercise alkanes - reactions - combustion alkanes - reactions - chlorination of methane alkanes - free radical substitution - chlorination alkanes - free radical substitution - chlorination - summary alkanes - free radical substitution - chain reaction
alkanes - fuels
alkanes - free radical substitution – exercise
fuels - formation of oil
alkanes - free radical substitution - bromination – exercise
fuels - fractional distillation
alkenes - structure - homologous series
fuels - fractional distillation - exercise
alkenes - IUPAC nomenclature
alkanes - reactions - combustion
alkenes - IUPAC nomenclature
fuels - octane rating
alkenes - IUPAC nomenclature - exercise - cis and trans
fuels - catalytic converter
alkenes - boiling points
fuels - supply and demand
alkenes - addition of bromine
fuels - isomerisation of alkanes for fuel
alkenes - addition of bromine - mechanism
fuels - cracking alkanes for fuel
alkenes - addition of hydrogen
carbon compounds - thermal cracking of alkanes
alkenes - addition of hydrogen - fats
carbon compounds - reforming alkanes for fuel
alkenes - addition of hydrogen halide
fuels - air pollution
alkenes - addition of hydrogen halide-mechanism
fuels - acid rain
alkenes - addition of hydrogen halide - Markovnikov's rule alkenes - addition of water alkenes - addition with concentrated H2SO4 - mechanism alkenes - addition polymerisation alkenes - oxidation
Tel 01763 209 109 www.organic.rogerfrost.com chemistry@rogerfrost.com e&eo - Dec viii 2012
Teacher guide
alcohols
amines
alcohols - homologous series - structure
amines - structure
alcohols - classification I
amines - classification
alcohols - classification II
amines - compared with ammonia
alcohols - classification - exercise
amines - solubility
boiling points - intermolecular forces
amines - boiling temperature
alcohols - breaking the RO-H bond - reaction with sodium
amines - boiling points - exercise
alcohols - breaking the RO-H bond - esterification
amines - complex ions
alcohols - breaking the RO-H bond - with acyl chlorides
amines - acting as bases
alcohols - halogenation with hydrochloric acid and ZnCl2 catalyst
amines - with nitric(III) acid
alcohols - breaking the R-OH bond with PCl5
amines - form amides with acyl chlorides
alcohols - breaking the R-OH bond - with phosphorus and iodine
amines - coupling reaction
alcohols - breaking the R-OH bond - with hydrogen halide
amines - making amines - reduction of nitriles
alcohols - breaking the R-OH bond - elimination of water using heat
amines - making amines - reduction of nitro compounds
alcohols - elimination of water using concentrated acid
amines - making amines - ammonia and halogenoalkanes
alcohols - elimination of water - mechanism alcohols - oxidation - structure
analysis and detection
alcohols - oxidation to aldehyde
analysis and detection - mass spectrometry - fragments
alcohols - carboxylic acids from alcohols and aldehydes
analysis and detection - mass spectrometer
alcohols - triiodomethane reaction
analysis and detection - mass spectrometry - exercise
alcohols - triiodomethane reaction – exercise
analysis and detection - infrared spectroscopy analysis and detection - infrared spectroscopy - fingerprint region
amides
analysis and detection - infrared spectroscopy - use of nujol
amides - nomenclature
analysis and detection - infrared spectroscopy - interpreting spectra
amides - physical properties
analysis and detection - infrared spectroscopy - exercise
amides - reduction
analysis and detection - low resolution NMR
amides - hydrolysis
analysis and detection - high resolution NMR
amides - form amines with bromine
analysis and detection - NMR - exercise
amino acids amino acids – structure amino acids – optical activity amino acids – acids and bases amino acids – hydrogen bonding amino acids – form a peptide amino acids – hydrolysis of a peptide Tel 01763 209 109 www.organic.rogerfrost.com chemistry@rogerfrost.com e&eo - Dec ii 2012
Teacher guide
arenes
bonding - hybridisation
arenes - introduction - benzene
bonding in methane - hybridisation - bond angle
arenes - nomenclature - mono-substituted derivatives
bonding in methane - hybridisation - carbon electron configuration
arenes - nomenclature - more than one substituent
bonding in methane - hybridisation - exercise
arenes - physical properties - melting and boiling points
bonding in methane - hybridisation - exercise
arenes - physical properties - solubility
bonding in ethene - hybridisation - bond angle
arenes - structure of benzene
bonding in ethene - hybridisation - carbon electron configuration
arenes - structure of benzene II
bonding in benzene - hybridisation
arenes - evidence against the Kekulé structure
bonding in ethyne - hybridisation - bond angle
arenes - hybridisation - bonding in benzene
bonding in ethyne - hybridisation - carbon electron configuration
arenes - structure - exercise arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - examples
carbohydrates
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - chlorination
carbohydrates – disaccharides
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - bromination
carbohydrates – monosaccharides
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - nitration
carbohydrates – polysaccharides
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - sulfonation
carbohydrates – polysaccharides – hydrolysis
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - Friedel - Crafts alkylation
carbohydrates – reducing sugars – Fehling‟s test
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - Friedel - Crafts acylation
carbohydrates – a & ß glucose
arenes - electrophilic aromatic substitution - exercise arenes - methylbenzene compared with benzene
carbonyl compounds
arenes - methylbenzene - activating and deactivating substituents
carbonyl compounds - nomenclature
arenes - methylbenzene - directing effect of substituents
carbonyl compounds - polarity
arenes - methylbenzene - chlorination of side chain
carbonyl compounds - carbon - oxygen double bond
arenes - methylbenzene - oxidation of side chain
carbonyl compounds - susceptibility to reaction
arenes - phenol - acidity
carbonyl compounds - nucleophilic addition
arenes - phenol - reactivity - exercise
carbonyl compounds - mechanism of nucleophilic addition
arenes - phenol - reactions of - OH; sodium and sodium hydroxide
carbonyl compounds - optical isomerism - 2-hydroxypropanenitrile
arenes - phenol - reactions of - OH; esterification
carbonyl compounds - reduction
arenes - phenol - reaction of the ring - bromination
carbonyl compounds - oxidation
arenes - phenol - reaction of the ring - nitration
carbonyl compounds - triiodomethane
arenes - phenol - test using iron(III) chloride
carbonyl compounds - Tollen's reagent carbonyl compounds - Fehling's solution carbonyl compounds - condensation reaction
Tel 01763 209 109 www.organic.rogerfrost.com chemistry@rogerfrost.com e&eo - Dec iii 2012
Teacher guide
carboxylic acids
halogenoalkanes - substitution
carboxylic acids - structure
halogenoalkanes - elimination or substitution
carboxylic acids - nomenclature - exercise
halogenoalkanes - elimination - unsymmetric halogenoalkanes
carboxylic acids - dimerisation
halogenoalkanes - reaction with alkali - exercise
carboxylic acids - dissociation - weak acid
halogenoalkanes - substitution reactions - polarity of C-X
carboxylic acids - dissociation - strong acid
halogenoalkanes - substitution reactions - strength of C-X
carboxylic acids - form salts
halogenoalkanes - substitution reactions - SN2
carboxylic acids - resonance and bonding
halogenoalkanes - substitution reactions - why not SN2
carboxylic acids - resonance and bonding II
halogenoalkanes - substitution reactions - SN1
carboxylic acids - strength
halogenoalkanes - substitution reactions: why SN1
carboxylic acids - acidity of chloroacids - exercise
halogenoalkanes - substitution reactions - exercise
carboxylic acids - making and breaking esters
halogenoalkanes - chlorofluoroalkanes
carboxylic acids - form esters
halogenoalkanes - depletion of the ozone layer
carboxylic acids - saponification carboxylic acids - saponification - model
isomerism
carboxylic acids - form acyl chloride
isomerism - structural isomerism - introduction I
carboxylic acids - acid derivatives
isomerism - structural isomerism - introduction II
acid chlorides - structure
isomerism - structural isomerism - exercise - pentane
acyl chlorides - compared with halogenoalkanes
isomerism - structural isomerism - chain isomerism
acid chlorides - with nucleophile
isomerism - structural isomerism - position isomerism
acyl chlorides - with nucleophiles - mechanism
isomerism - structural isomerism - exercise
acid derivatives - acid anhydride
isomerism - structural isomerism - functional group isomerism isomerism - stereoisomerism - geometric isomerism - bond rotation
DNA DNA – base pairs and nucleotides DNA – nucleic acids – model DNA – nucleic acids – structure DNA – transcription to mRNA DNA – translation of mRNA to make protein
isomerism - stereoisomerism - geometric isomerism - restricted rotation isomerism - stereoisomerism - geometric isomerism isomerism - stereoisomerism - geometric isomerism - exercises isomerism - stereoisomerism - geometric isomerism - retinal isomerism - stereoisomerism - geometric isomerism - fluoroethene isomerism - stereoisomerism - optical isomerism - chiral carbon isomerism - stereoisomerism - optical isomerism - non-
halogenoalkanes
superimposable
halogenoalkanes - homologous series - structure
isomerism - stereoisomerism - optical isomerism - enantiomers
halogenoalkanes- IUPAC nomenclature
isomerism - stereoisomerism - optical isomerism - optical activity
halogenoalkanes - classification
isomerism - stereoisomerism - optical isomerism – limonene
halogenoalkanes - classification - exercise halogenoalkanes - rate of hydrolysis Tel 01763 209 109 www.organic.rogerfrost.com chemistry@rogerfrost.com e&eo - Dec iv 2012
Teacher guide
nitriles
proteins - enzymes
nitriles - structure
proteins - primary structure
nitriles - physical properties
proteins - secondary structure - interactions
nitriles - reduction
proteins - secondary structure
nitriles - hydrolysis
proteins - secondary structure - exercise
nitriles - making nitriles - exercises
proteins - structure - exercise proteins - tertiary structure
polymers
proteins - tertiary structure - hydrophobic groups
polymers - addition polymers II - examples
proteins - secondary structure - ionic or salt bridges
polymers - addition and condensation
proteins - quaternary structure - haemoglobin
polymers - addition polymers I - free radical
proteins - secondary structure - interactions
polymers - natural polymers - rubber
proteins - enzymes - secondary structure - inhibitors
polymers - polyalkenes - stereoisomers
proteins - enzymes - effect of pH
polymers - condensation polymers - polyester
proteins - enzymes - effect of temperature
polymers - condensation polymers - polyamide
proteins - enzymes - effect of concentration
polymers - making nylon - phenol polymers - bakelite - phenol
reaction pathways
polymers - proteins - wool polymers - elastomer
reactions - organic synthesis – exercise reactions - synthesis pathways – exercise
2012 list total = 250 slides
Tel 01763 209 109 www.organic.rogerfrost.com chemistry@rogerfrost.com e&eo - Dec v 2012