Do you need more data? „ „ At www.ens.dk under Facts and figures you can find: Energy Statistics 2007 -
Electronic version of publication Time series and tables Contruct your own graphs and tables Danish energy flows
Supply
Danish Energy Flows 2007
Conversion and Distribution
Final Consumption 1
0 0
Gas Works
223
0
Transport 224
0 27 8 0 3
73
139 19
National Production 1138
0 23
Auto Producers
60 37
8
43 26 0 22
7
85 12 6 0 1
73 319
346
0
28
17
0 28
District Heating Plants
39 3 10 0 3
1
26
31 1
0
Small Scale 16 Central Heating Plants
11
24
11
121
Large Power Stations
83
13
172
99
8 26
188
Industry and Agriculture 158
53
183
0
Consumption 669
8 9 33
96
54
2
Stock 21
Trade and Service 83
44
8 27 15
28
Households
0
19
246
Production Platforms in the North Sea
652
7 0 2 2
38 55
1
76
18
Non Energy Use
13
Stock 11
4
0
170 201
200
16
5 318
38 0 1
115
15
32
41
248
406
19
333
335
Eksport
Refineries
87 15
18
257
Incl. International Marine Bunkers
880
Import 596 404
252 47
Crude Oil
Oil Products Electricity
Natural Gas District Heating
Coal and coke Town Gas
Losses
162
195
Loss 195
Renewables All figures are in PetaJoule (PJ)
Data Monthly updates of: - Oil and gas production in Denmark - Monthly energy statistics - Wind turbine master data Map - Heat planning in Denmark - Location of plants and wind turbines - and much more
Energy in Denmark Danish Energy Agency 44 Amaliegade DK-1256 København K Tlf: +45 33926700 Fax: +45 33114743 ens@ens.dk www.ens.dk CVR: 59778714
2007
Energy in Denmark 2007 Contents General Information on Denmark Energy Production Imports and Exports of Energy Electricity and Heat Danish Energy Flows 2007 Energy Consumption CO 2 Emissions Energy Economy and Prices International Comparisons Danish Key Figures
3 4 8 9 14 16 19 20 22 23
Design Danuta Kestenbaum and Bettina Nøraa Larsen, Danish Energy Agency Front Cover: Helle Halberg, Danish Energy Agency Edition 5 000 Printing Vester Kopi as Quotations may be made from this publication with appropriate acknowledgement of source. Internet Available at www.ens.dk The publication can be ordered from: The Danish Energy Agency’s Internet Book Store: www.ens.netboghandel.dk Danish Energy Agency Ministry of Climate and Energy Phone: +45 33 92 67 00 October 2008 ISBN 978-87-7844-749-4 ISBN 978-87-7844-751-7 www ISSN 1398-9308 www
2
GENERAL INFORMATION ON DENMARK
10
10
Aalborg
Aarhus Esbjerg Copenhagen Odense
Geography Area (2007) km2 Coastline (2007) km Number of islands Number of lakes Forest area (2001) Preserved areas (2000)
Currency (2007) 1 Krone (DKK) 1 USD 1 EURO 1 GBP
43,098 7,314 407 1,008 5,294 km2 1,781 km2
Economics (2007) GDP, Billion DKK Exports, Billion DKK Imports, Billion DKK
Climate Average temperature (2007): January 5.0° C July 15.7° C Sunshine 1,709 hours Precipitation (av. per year) 866 mm
= 100 øre = 5.45 DKK = 7.45 DKK = 10.90 DKK 1,696 885 864
Constitution and Government Denmark is a constitutional monarchy Monarch is Queen Margrethe II The present government consists of: The Liberal Party The Conservative Party
Population Population (Jan. 2008) 5,475,791 By age: 0-19 24.6% 19-59 53.0% 6022.4% Population density 127.1 per km2 Evangelical Lutheran in Denmark 83%
Labour Market (2007) Labour Force, ’000 Employed, ’000 Employed in Industry, % Employed in Agriculture and Fishing, % Employed in Trade and Service, %
2,902 2,822 21.3
Note: Adjusted means adjusted for climate and fuels for net electricity exports
3
3.1 75.6
ENERGY PRODUCTION In 2007, Danish oil and gas production came from nineteen fields (sixteen oil and three gas fields). Seven fields are situated in the northern part of the Central Graben, while all the other fields are situated in the southern region of the Central Graben. After Norway and the UK, Denmark is the biggest oil producer in Western Europe.
Danish Oil and Gas Fields and Pipelines
North Sea
Pipeline: Gas Pipeline: Crude Oil Oil and Gas Fields
Energy Production [PJ]
1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
Total Production
40
425
1 165
1 243
1 137
Crude Oil
13
256
765
724
652
Natural Gas
0
116
310
390
346
Waste, Non-renewable
3
4
7
9
9
24
48
83
119
130
Renewable Energy
Oil and Gas Reserves (Ultimo)
Reserves/Production (R/P)
300
20 16
200
12 8
100
4 0
0 1990
2006
2005
Crude Oil, Million m R/P Crude Oil
3
4
2007
Natural Gas, Billion Nm R/P Natural Gas
3
ENERGY PRODUCTION Energy Production and Energy Consumption
Degree of Self-sufficiency
PJ 250%
1400 1200
200%
1000 150%
800 600
100%
400 50% 200 0%
0 1990
'95
'00
1990
'05 '07
'95
'00
Crude Oil
Natural Gas
Total Energy
Renewable Energy and Waste
Gross Energy Consumption
Natural Gas
Renewable Energy Production by Type
'05 '07 Oil
Consumption of Renewable Energy – Share of Total Energy Consumption (TPES)
PJ
18%
140
16%
120
14% 100
12%
80
10%
60
8% 6%
40
4% 20
2%
0
0% 1980
1990
2007
Wind
Straw
Wood
Biogas
Wastes
Others
1990
'95
'00
'05 '07
Share covered by net imports Share covered by indigeneous production
5
ENERGY PRODUCTION
6
7
IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF ENERGY Imports and Exports of Energy Products, 2007 Imports Crude Oil [1000 Tonnes] Oil Products [1000 Tonnes] Natural Gas [Million Nm3] Electricity [GWh]
Exports
2 032 3 707 10 427
9 4 4 11
402 516 518 377
Imports of Coal and Exports of Crude Oil by Country, 2007 Imports of Coal
Exports of Crude Oil Sweden 53%
Russia 28%
Poland 4% France 5%
South Africa 26%
UK 16% Colombia 30%
Germany 5% Indonesia 4% Others 3% Norway 4%
Australia 2%
Net Exports of Electricity PJ 60
40
20
0
Netherlands 4%
USA 2% Finland 5% Others 3% Canada 7%
In Denmark, the foreign trade in electricity varies more than in any other European country. Foreign trade is strongly affected by price trends at the Nordic Electricity Exchange, Nord Pool, which is significantly influenced by the varying precipitation conditions in Norway and Sweden where electricity generation is dominated by water power. In 2007, the Danish net exports of electricity totalled 3.4 PJ. It was the result of net exports of 22.8 PJ to Germany and net imports of 10.1 PJ from Norway and 9.3 PJ from Sweden.
-20
-40 1990
'95
'00
'05 '07
Total
Germany
Norway
Sweden
8
ELECTRICITY AND HEAT Number of Wind Turbines by Size 1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
68
5 266
2 664
6 256
5 212
68
2 654 8 2
3 683 2 294 251 28
2 066 2 579 363 258
2 010 2 582 363 257
Total - 499 kW 500 - 999 kW 1 000 - 1 999 kW 2 000 KW
Total Capacity of Wind Turbines by Size [MW] 1980
1990
2000
2006
2007
3
3 135
326
2 392
3 124
3
317 6 3
537 1 518 279 56
385 1 748 444 558
376 1 751 444 554
Total - 499 kW 500 - 999 kW 1 000 - 1 999 kW 2 000 KW
Production of Wind Power
Number of Wind Turbines and Capacity 7000
MW 3500
6000
3000
5000
2500
4000
2000
3000
1500
2000
1000
1000
500
0
PJ 30
20
10
0 1990
'95
'00
0
'05 '07
1990
Number of Wind Turbines Capacity of Wind Turbines
9
'95
'00
'05 '07
ELECTRICITY AND HEAT Electricity Production by Fuel [PJ] Total Gross Electricity Production Oil Natural Gas Coal Renewable Energy Others
1994
2000
2006
2007
145 10 8 120 7 0
130 16 32 60 21 1
165 6 34 89 35 2
141 5 25 72 38 1
Electricity Capacity [MW]
1994
2000
2006
2007
10 774
12 600
13 015
12 969
Large-scale Units
9 126
8 160
7 690
7 656
Small-scale Units Autoproducers Wind Turbines Others
773 339 527 9
1 462 574 2 392 12
1 551 627 3 135 12
1 564 613 3 124 12
Total Electricity Capacity
Electricity Production by Type
Electricity Generated by Renewables: Share of Domestic Supply
PJ
35%
200
30% 150
25% 20%
100 15% 10%
50
5% 0 1990 CHP
'95 Others
'00
1994
'05 '07
Wind Power
'00
Wind Power Waste, Renewables
10
'05
'07
Wood, Straw, Biogas etc.
ELECTRICITY AND HEAT District Heating by Fuel [PJ]
1994
2000
2006
2007
113
120
128
121
6
4
6
5
Natural Gas
25
42
39
35
Coal
56
39
34
33
Surplus Heat
3
4
3
3
Waste, Non-renewable
3
4
5
6
20
27
40
40
- Straw
4
6
7
7
- Wood
4
5
12
12
- Fish Oil
0
0
1
1
10
15
19
19
0
1
1
1
Total Gross Production Oil
Renewable Energy of which:
- Waste, Renewables - Biogas
District Heating Production by Type of Producer
CHP Shares of Electricity and District Heat Production
PJ 60
100%
80% 40 60%
40% 20 20%
0%
0 1990 2000 2007 Large-scale CHP Units Small-scale CHP Units Autoproducers
District Heating Units
11
1990
'95
'00
District Heating Electricity, Shares of Thermal Production
'05 '07
ELECTRICITY AND HEAT
12
13
ELECTRICITY AND HEAT
12
13
DANISH ENERGY FLOWS
14
15
ENERGY CONSUMPTION Gross Energy Consumption by Fuel Adjusted [PJ]
1980
1990
2000
2007
Total Gross Consumption
814
819
837
874
Oil
546
355
374
349
0
82
192
175
241
327
176
192
3
5
7
9
24
50
88
149
1980
1990
2000
2007
610
604
649
685
16
13
13
13
Transport
145
170
199
225
Industry and Agriculture
168
159
168
161
78
77
81
87
202
184
189
200
Natural Gas Coal and Coke Waste, Non-renewable Renewable Energy
Final Energy Consumption by Sector Climate Adjusted [PJ] Total Final Consumption Non-energy Use
Trade and Services Households
GDP, Gross Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity (Adjusted)
Gross Energy Consumption and Final Energy Consumption (Adjusted) PJ
Index 1990=100
900
150
800 700 100
600 500 400
50
300 200 100
0
0 1990
'95
'00
1990
'05 '07
'95
'00
'05 '07
Energy Sector
GDP Gross Energy Consumption
Final Energy Consumption
Gross Energy Consumption/GDP
Transformation and Distribution Losses
16
ENERGY CONSUMPTION Final Energy Consumption by Fuel (Climate Adjusted)
Final Energy Consumption by Sector (Climate Adjusted)
PJ 700
PJ
600
600
500
500
400
400
300
300
200
200
100
100
700
0
0 1990 '95 Oil Coal and Coke Electricity Gas Works Gas
'00 '05 '07 Natural Gas
1980 1990 Non-energy Use
Renewable Energy and Waste
2000
2007 Transport
Agriculture and Industry Households
Trade and Service
District Heating
Final Energy Consumption (Climate Adjusted)
Electricity Consumption (Climate Adjusted)
PJ
PJ
220
50
200 180
40
160 140
30
120 100
20
80 60
10
40 20
0
0 1990
'95
'00
1990
'05 '07
Road Transport
'95 '00 Manufacturing Trade and Service
Trade and Service
Households
Manufacturing Households
17
'05 '07
ENERGY CONSUMPTION Energy Consumption for Space Heating in Households (Climate Adjusted)
Heating Installations in Households 1000 Units
Index 1980=100 150
3000
2500
2000
100
1500
50
1000
500
0 1980
0 '85
'90
'95
'00
'05'07
1981
Heated Floor Space Final Energy Consumption 2 Final Energy Consumption per m
Energy Intensities (Climate Adjusted)
1990
2007
Oil
Natural Gas
District Heating
Others
Shares of Renewable Energy in Final Energy Consumption (Climate Adjusted)
TJ per DKK Million GVA (2000 Prices) 1,0
25%
0,8
20%
0,6
15%
0,4
10%
0,2
5%
0%
0,0 1990
'95
'00
1990
'05 '07
'95
'00
Manufacturing
Manufacturing
Trade and Service
Trade and Service
Households
18
'05 '07
CO 2 EMISSIONS CO2 Emissions from Fuel Combustion [Million Tonnes]
1990
2000
2006
2007
52.7
52.5
57.3
52.6
1.4
2.3
2.5
2.5
- Transformation Sector
24.8
23.3
27.6
22.7
- Final Energy Consumption
26.5
26.8
27.2
27.4
Total, adjusted
60.8
54.2
52.4
52.7
1.4
2.3
2.5
2.5
- Transformation Sector
32.0
24.6
22.4
22.5
- Final Energy Consumption
27.4
27.4
27.5
27.7
Total, observed - Energy Sector
- Energy Sector
CO2 Emissions
CO2 Emissions per Fuel Unit and per kWh of Electricity (Adjusted)
Million Tonnes
Kilograms per GJ
80
80
Grams per kWh 1000
800
70 70
600 60 400 60 50 200
40 1990
50 '95 Observed
'00
'05 '07
1990
0 '95
'00
'05 '07
CO2 Emissions per Fuel Unit [Kilograms per GJ]
Adjusted
CO2 Emissions per kWh Electricity Sold [Grams per kWh]
19
ENERGY ECONOMY AND PRICES
Foreign Trade with Energy: Net Currency Surplus Billion DKK, Current Prices 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 1990
'95
Total
Oil
'00
'05
Natural Gas
'07 Electricity
Coal and Coke
Economic Key Figures [Billion DKK, Current Prices]
2006
Total Energy Expenditures
158.8
Revenues from Energy, CO2 and Sulphur Taxation
2007 •
36.3
Expenditures to Public Service Obligations on Electricity Value of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production
36.4
2.2
3.8
60.7
56.0
Exports of Energy Technology and Equipment Billion DKK, Current Prices 60
10%
50
8%
40
6%
30 4% 20 2%
10
0%
0 1992
1994
1996
1998
2000
2002
2004
Exports of Energy Technology and Equipment, Billion DKK Share of Denmark's Total Exports of Commodities, %
20
2005
2006
2007
ENERGY ECONOMY AND PRICES Electricity Prices for Industrial Consumers (Annual Consumption 2 GWh) DKK per kWh 0,9 0,8 0,7 0,6 0,5 0,4 0,3 0,2 0,1 0,0 IE
IT 2006
LU
UK
DE
NL
BE
PT EU15 AT
ES
GR
DK
SE
NO
FR
FI
2007
Source: Eurostat, Prices exclusive VAT and Taxes
Energy Prices for Households, 2007 Gasoline Regular [DKK per Litre]
DKK
Euro
10.55
1.35
Heating Gas Oil [DKK per Litre]
7.94
1.06
Natural Gas [DKK per Nm3]
7.91
1.06
Electricity [DKK per kWh]
1.87
0.25
Decomposition of the Electricity Price for Households, 2007 (Percent) 31.9% 20.0% Energy 2.3%
Distribution
Electricity Taxes
VAT
45.7%
21
INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, 2006
141
16
Electricity Generated by Renewables: Share of Domestic Supply [%] 26
161
118
UK
80
2
5
159
193
Poland
78
5
3
108
574
Netherlands
75
4
8
206
188
Estonia
72
4
5
189
795
Czech Republic
71
10
1
169
848
Rumenia
67
12
31
79
1128
Sweden
63
29
48
234
188
Bulgaria
53
6
11
112
1554
EU 27
50
6
12
181
179
France
48
7
15
155
202
Latvia
47
10
24
153
299
Slovenia
47
23
24
301
253
Finland
40
31
38
85
563
Lithuania
39
6
12
177
155
Germany
38
9
4
104
862
Hungary
37
5
4
115
521
Slovakia
33
5
17
146
772
Greece
32
6
12
118
205
Austria
28
21
57
172
145
Belgium
22
3
4
240
219
Spain
22
7
17
137
211
Italy
17
17
29
100
225
Portugal
15
7
15
132
185
Ireland
10
3
9
152
139
Cyprus
2
2
0
141
251
Luxembourg
2
2
3
417
174
Malta
0
-
0
92
240
855
46
98
234
161
Japan
19
3
11
173
115
USA
71
5
10
324
291
Denmark
Norway
Degree of Selfsufficiency [%]
Renewable Energy and Waste: Share of Gross Energy Consumption [%]
Source: Eurostat and IEA
22
Gross Energy Consumption per Capita [GJ]
Energy Intensity [TOE per 1 Million EUR GDP (2000 Prices)]
DANISH KEY FIGURES
1980
1990
2007
Gross Energy Consumption per Capita [GJ]
159
160
160
Final Energy Consumption per Capita [GJ]
119
118
126
Energy Intensity, Gross Energy Consumption [TJ per Million GDP]
0.997
0.818
0.601
Energy Intensity, Final Energy Consumption [TJ per Million GDP]
0.747
0.603
0.471
5
52
130
67
43
40
Renewable Energy: Share of Gross Energy Consumption [%]
3.0
6.2
17.0
Refinery Capacity [Million Tonnes/Year]
9.0
9.0
9.0
6 618
9 142
12 969
Wind Turbine Capacity: Share of Total Electricity Capacity [%]
-
4
24
Net Electricity Exports: Share of Domestic Supply [%]
5
-22
3
CHP Production: Share of Thermal Electricity Production [%]
18
37
53
CHP Production: Share of District Heating Production [%]
39
59
80
0.0
2.0
27.9
12.2
11.8
10
1 034
937
547
87
63
36
Degree of Self-sufficiency [%] Dependency of Oil [%]
Electricity Capacity [MW]
Renewable Energy: Share of Total Domestic Electricity Supply [%] CO2 Emissions per Capita [Tonnes] CO2 Emissions per kWh Sold [Grams per kWh] CO2 Emissions per Consumed Unit of District Heating [Kilograms per GJ]
Note: Data on energy consumption and CO2 emissions are adjusted
23
Do you need more data? „ „ At www.ens.dk under Facts and figures you can find: Energy Statistics 2007 -
Electronic version of publication Time series and tables Contruct your own graphs and tables Danish energy flows
Supply
Danish Energy Flows 2007
Conversion and Distribution
Final Consumption 1
0 0
Gas Works
223
0
Transport 224
0 27 8 0 3
73
139 19
National Production 1138
0 23
Auto Producers
60 37
8
43 26 0 22
7
85 12 6 0 1
73 319
346
0
28
17
0 28
District Heating Plants
39 3 10 0 3
1
26
31 1
0
Small Scale 16 Central Heating Plants
11
24
11
121
Large Power Stations
83
13
172
99
8 26
188
Industry and Agriculture 158
53
183
0
Consumption 669
8 9 33
96
54
2
Stock 21
Trade and Service 83
44
8 27 15
28
Households
0
19
246
Production Platforms in the North Sea
652
7 0 2 2
38 55
1
76
18
Non Energy Use
13
Stock 11
4
0
170 201
200
16
5 318
38 0 1
115
15
32
41
248
406
19
333
335
Eksport
Refineries
87 15
18
257
Incl. International Marine Bunkers
880
Import 596 404
252 47
Crude Oil
Oil Products Electricity
Natural Gas District Heating
Coal and coke Town Gas
Losses
162
195
Loss 195
Renewables All figures are in PetaJoule (PJ)
Data Monthly updates of: - Oil and gas production in Denmark - Monthly energy statistics - Wind turbine master data Map - Heat planning in Denmark - Location of plants and wind turbines - and much more
Energy in Denmark Danish Energy Agency 44 Amaliegade DK-1256 København K Tlf: +45 33926700 Fax: +45 33114743 ens@ens.dk www.ens.dk CVR: 59778714
2007