Energy in Denmark 2008

Page 1

Energy in Denmark

2008


Energy in Denmark 2008 Contents General Information on Denmark Energy Production Imports and Exports of Energy Electricity and Heat Renewable Energy Danish Energy Flows 2008 Energy Consumption Emissions Energy Economy and Prices International Comparisons Danish Key Figures

3 4 8 9 12 14 16 19 20 22 23

Design Danuta Kestenbaum, Danish Energy Agency Edition 10 000 Printing Vester Kopi as Quotations may be made from this publication with appropriate acknowledgement of source. Internet Available at www.ens.dk The publication can be ordered from: The Danish Energy Agency’s Internet Book Store: www.ens.netboghandel.dk Danish Energy Agency Ministry of Climate and Energy Phone: +45 33 92 67 00 October 2009 ISBN 978-87-7844-809-5 ISBN 978-87-7844-810-1 www

2


GENERAL INFORMATION ON DENMARK

10

10

Aalborg

Aarhus Esbjerg Copenhagen Odense

Geography Area (2009) km2 Coastline (2009) km Number of islands Number of lakes Forest area (2001) Preserved areas (2000)

Currency (2008) 1 Krone (DKK) 1 USD 1 EURO 1 GBP

43 098 7 314 407 1 008 5 294 km2 1 781 km2

Economics (2008) GDP, Billion DKK Exports, Billion DKK Imports, Billion DKK

Climate Average temperature (2008): January 4.1° C July 17.6° C Sunshine 1 821 hours Precipitation (av. per year) 783 mm

= 100 øre = 5.10 DKK = 7.46 DKK = 9.40 DKK 1 734 951 911

Constitution and Government Denmark is a constitutional monarchy Monarch is Queen Margrethe II The present government consists of: The Liberal Party The Conservative Party

Population Population (Jan. 2009) 5 511 451 By age: 0-19 24.5% 19-59 52.7% 6022.8% Population density 127.9 per km2

Labour Market (2008) Labour Force, ’000 Employed, ’000 Employed in Industry, % Employed in Agriculture and Fishing, % Employed in Trade and Service, %

2 927 2 828 27.4

Note: Adjusted means adjusted for climate and fuels for net electricity exports

3

9.6 63.0


ENERGY PRODUCTION In 2008, Danish oil and gas production came from nineteen fields (sixteen oil and three gas fields). Seven fields are situated in the northern part of the Central Graben, while all the other fields are situated in the southern region of the Central Graben. Denmark is the third largest oil producer in Western Europe trailing only UK and Norway.

Danish Oil and Gas Fields and Pipelines

NorthSea Sea North

Pipeline: Gas Pipeline: Crude Oil Oil and Gas Fields

Energy Production [PJ]

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

Total Production

40

425

1 165

1 138

1 119

Crude Oil

13

256

765

652

604

Natural Gas

0

116

310

346

378

Waste, Non-renewable

3

4

7

16

17

24

48

83

123

122

Renewable Energy

Oil and Gas Reserves (Ultimo)

Reserves/Production (R/P) 20

300

15 200 10 100 5

0

0 1982

1990 Crude Oil, Million m R/P Crude Oil

2000 3

4

2007 Natural Gas, Billion Nm R/P Natural Gas

2008 3


ENERGY PRODUCTION Energy Production and Energy Consumption

Degree of Self-sufficiency

PJ 250%

1400 1200

200%

1000 150%

800 600

100%

400 50%

200 0 1990

'95

'00

'05

0%

'08

1990

'95

'00

Crude Oil

Natural Gas

Total Energy

Renewable Energy and Waste

Gross Energy Consumption

Natural Gas

Renewable Energy Production by Type

'05

'08 Oil

Consumption of Renewable Energy – Share of Total Energy Consumption (TPES)

PJ 140

18% 16%

120

14% 100 12% 80

10%

60

8% 6%

40

4% 20

2%

0

0% 1980

'90

'00

1990

'08

Wind

Straw

Wood

Biogas

Waste

Others

'95

'00

'05

'08

Share covered by net imports Share covered by indigeneous production

5


ENERGY PRODUCTION

Degree of Self-sufficiency - Total Energy, 2007

1% - 15% 16% - 30% 31% - 40% 41% - 50% 51% - 60% 61% - 70% 71% - 80% 81% - 100% >100% Not included Source: Eurostat and IEA

6

7


IMPORTS AND EXPORTS OF ENERGY Imports and Exports of Energy Products, 2008 Imports Crude Oil [1000 Tonnes] Oil Products [1000 Tonnes] Natural Gas [Million Nm3] Electricity [GWh]

Exports

2 364 4 460 0 12 815

8 4 5 11

657 675 516 360

Imports of Coal and Exports of Crude Oil by Country, 2008 Imports of Coal

Exports of Crude Oil

Poland 2%

Russia 34%

Sweden 61%

France 8% South Africa 30%

Colombia 22%

Germany 1% USA 5% Others 2%

Netherlands 6% Finland 3%

Norway 5%

Net Exports of Electricity

UK 15% USA 2% Ireland 3%

Canada 1%

In Denmark, the foreign trade in electricity varies more than in any other European country. Foreign trade is strongly affected by price trends at the Nordic Electricity Exchange, Nord Pool, which is significantly influenced by the varying precipitation conditions in Norway and Sweden where electricity generation is dominated by water power.

PJ 60

40

20

In 2008, the Danish net import of electricity totalled 5.2 PJ. It was the result of net import of 15.8 PJ from Norway and 17.4 PJ from Sweden and net export of 28.0 PJ to Germany

0

-20

-40 1990

'95

'00

'05

Total

Germany

Norway

Sweden

'08

8


ELECTRICITY AND HEAT Number of Wind Turbines by Size 1980

1990

1995

2000

2007

2008

68

2 664

3 655

6 256

5 215

5 104

68

2 654 8 2

3 465 186 4

3 683 2 294 251 28

2 013 2 582 363 257

1 866 2 589 362 287

Total - 499 kW 500 - 999 kW 1 000 - 1 999 kW 2 000 kW

Total Capacity of Wind Turbines by Size [MW] 1980

1990

1995

2007

2008

3

326

600

2 390 3 124

3 163

3

317 6 3

491 103 5

537 1 518 279 56

343 1 757 443 621

Total - 499 kW 500 - 999 kW 1 000 - 1 999 kW 2 000 kW

Number of Wind Turbines and Capacity MW 3500

6000

3000

5000

2500

4000

2000

3000

1500

2000

1000

1000

500

PJ 30

20

10

0

0 1990

'95

'00

Number of Wind Turbines Capacity of Wind Turbines

'05

376 1 751 444 554

Production of Wind Power

7000

0

2000

1990

'08

9

'95

'00

'05

'08


ELECTRICITY AND HEAT Electricity Production by Fuel [PJ] Total Gross Electricity Production

1994

2000

2007

2008

145

130

141

131

10

16

5

4

8

32

25

25

Oil Natural Gas Coal

120

60

72

63

Renewable Energy

4

15

26

25

Others

3

7

14

14

Electricity Capacity [MW] Total Electricity Capacity

1994

2000

2007

2008

10 774

12 600

13 129

13 150

Large-scale Units

9 126

8 160

7 634

7 558

Small-scale Units

773

1 462

1 689

1 738

Autoproducers

339

574

670

679

Wind Turbines

527

2 392

3 124

3 163

9

12

12

12

Others

Electricity Production by Type

Electricity Generated by Renewables: Share of Domestic Supply

PJ

30%

25% 150 20%

15%

100

10% 50 5%

0%

0 1990

'95 CHP

'00 Others

'05

1994

'08

Wind Power

'00

Wind Power Waste, Renewables

10

'05

'08

Wood, Straw, Biogas etc.


ELECTRICITY AND HEAT District Heating by Fuel [PJ]

1994

2000

2007

2008

113

120

122

124

6

4

5

4

Natural Gas

25

42

35

36

Coal

56

39

33

33

Total Gross Production Oil

Surplus Heat

3

4

3

3

Waste, Non-renewable

5

8

10

10

18

23

36

37

- Straw

4

6

7

6

- Wood

4

5

12

13

- Bio Oil

0

0

1

1

- Waste, Renewables

9

11

15

15

- Biogas

0

1

1

1

Renewable Energy of which:

District Heating Production by Type of Producer

CHP Shares of Electricity and District Heat Production

PJ 60

100%

80% 40 60%

40% 20 20%

0%

0 1990

2000

1990

2008

'95

'00

Large-scale CHP Units

Small-scale CHP Units

District Heating

Autoproducers

District Heating Units

Electricity, Share of Thermal Production

11

'05

'08


RENEWABLE ENERGY

Renewable Energy, 2007 Share of Total Energy Consumption (TPES)

0% - 1% 2% - 5% 6% - 11% 12% - 15% 16% - 18% 19% - 24% 25% - 30% 31% - 50% 51% - 100% Not included Source: Eurostat and IEA

12

13


DANISH ENERGY FLOWS

14

15


ENERGY CONSUMPTION Gross Energy Consumption by Fuel Adjusted [PJ]

1980

1990

2000

2008

Total Gross Consumption

814

819

837

864

Oil

546

355

374

340

0

82

192

177

241

327

176

187

3

5

13

17

24

50

88

143

1980

1990

2000

2008

610

604

649

673

16

13

13

11

Transport

143

170

199

221

Industry and Agriculture

168

159

168

156

78

77

81

87

204

184

189

198

Natural Gas Coal and Coke Waste, Non-renewable Renewable Energy

Final Energy Consumption by Sector Climate Adjusted [PJ] Total Final Consumption Non-energy Use

Trade and Services Households

Gross Energy Consumption and Final Energy Consumption (Adjusted)

GDP, Gross Energy Consumption and Energy Intensity (Adjusted)

PJ 900

Index 1990=100 150

800 700 600

100

500 400 50

300 200 100 0

0 1990

1995

'00

'05

'08

1990

Transformation and Distribution Losses

'95

'00

'05

'08

Energy Sector

GDP Gross Energy Consumption

Final Energy Consumption

Gross Energy Consumption/GDP

16


ENERGY CONSUMPTION Final Energy Consumption by Fuel (Climate Adjusted)

Final Energy Consumption by Sector (Climate Adjusted)

PJ 700

PJ 700

600

600

500

500

400

400

300

300

200

200

100

100

0

0 1990

'05

'00

'05

Oil Coal and Coke Electricity

Natural Gas

Town Gas

District Heating

'08

1980

Renewable Energy and Waste

1990

2000

2008

Non-energy Use

Transport

Agriculture and Industry Households

Trade and Service

Final Energy Consumption (Climate Adjusted)

Electricity Consumption (Climate Adjusted)

PJ

PJ 50

220 200 180

40

160 140 30

120 100 80

20

60 40

10

20 0 1990

'95

'00

'05

'08

0 1990

Road Transport Trade and Service

'95

'00

Manufacturing

Manufacturing

Trade and Service

Households

Households

17

'05

'08


ENERGY CONSUMPTION Heating Installations in Households

Energy Consumption for Space Heating in Households (Climate Adjusted) Index 1980=100

1000 Units

150

3000

2500

100

2000

1500

50

1000

500 0 1980

0

'85

'90 '95 '00 '05 '08 Heated Floor Space Final Energy Consumption Final Energy Consumption per m

1981 2

Energy Intensities (Climate Adjusted)

1990

2000

2009

Others

Oil

Natural Gas

District Heating

Shares of Renewable Energy in Final Energy Consumption (Climate Adjusted)

TJ per DKK Million Gross Value Added (2000 Prices) 25%

1.0

20%

0.8

0.6

15%

0.4

10%

0.2

5%

0.0 1990

0% '95

'00

'05

'08

1990

Manufacturing

'95 '00 Manufacturing Trade and Service

Trade and Service

18

Households

'05

'08


EMISSIONS CO2 Emissions from Energy Consumption [Million Tonnes]

1980

1990

2000

2007

2008

64.0

52.7

52.5

52.5

49.6

0.9

1.4

2.3

2.5

2.4

- Transformation Sector

29.9

24.8

23.3

22.7

20.6

- Final Energy Consumption

33.3

26.5

26.8

27.3

26.6

Total, adjusted

62.3

60.8

54.2

52.6

51.5

0.9

1.4

2.3

2.5

2.4

- Transformation Sector

28.6

32.0

24.6

22.4

22.2

- Final Energy Consumption

32.9

27.4

27.4

27.6

26.9

Total, observed - Energy Sector

- Energy Sector

Total Emissions from Greenhouse Gasses

CO2 Emissions per Fuel Unit and per kWh of Electricity (Adjusted)

Million Tonnes CO2-Equivalent

Kilograms per GJ

100

80

Grams per kWh 1000

800

80 70 60

600

400

40 60 20

200

50

0 Base Year Observed

1990

2008

0 '95

'00

'05

'08

CO2 Emissions per Fuel Unit [Kilograms per GJ]

Adjusted

CO2 Emissions per kWh Electricity Sold [Grams per kWh]

19


ENERGY ECONOMY AND PRICES

Foreign Trade with Energy: Net Currency Surplus Billion DKK, Current Prices 35 30 25 20 15 10 5 0 -5 -10 1990

'95

Total

'00

Oil

Natural Gas

'05

'08 Electricity

Coal and Coke

Economic Key Figures [Billion DKK, Current Prices]

2007

Total Energy Expenditures

155.6

Revenues from Energy, CO2 and Sulphur Taxation

36.4

Expenditures to Public Service Obligations on Electricity Value of Crude Oil and Natural Gas Production

2008 • 36.8

3.8

1.6

61.2

67.0

Exports of Energy Technology and Equipment Billion DKK, Current Prices 80

12% 10%

60 8% 6%

40

4% 20 2% 0%

0 1992

1994

1996

1998

2000

2002

2004

2005

Exports of Energy Technology and Equipment, Billion DKK Share of Denmark's Total Exports of Commodities, %

20

2006

2007

2008


ENERGY ECONOMY AND PRICES Electricity Prices for Industrial Consumers (Annual Consumption 2 GWh) DKK per kWh 1.4 1.2 1.0 0.8 0.6 0.4 0.2 0.0 GR

IE

LU

2007

UK

BE

ES

DE

AT

NL

PT

SE

NO

FI

FR

2008

Source: Eurostat

Energy Prices for Households, 2008

DKK

Euro

10.54

1.41

Heating Gas Oil [DKK per Litre]

9.19

1.23

Natural Gas [DKK per Nm3]

8.24

1.10

Electricity [DKK per kWh]

2.02

0.27

Gasoline Regular [DKK per Litre]

Decomposition of the Electricity Price for Households, 2008 (Per cent) 30.8% 20.0% Energy

1.9%

Distribution

Electricity Taxes

VAT

47.3%

21


INTERNATIONAL COMPARISONS, 2007

132

17

Electricity Generated by Renewables: Share of Domestic Supply [%] 29

157

106

UK

79

2

5

152

115

Estonia

73

10

2

188

577

Poland

73

5

4

108

400

Netherlands

72

4

8

216

177

Czech Republic

72

5

5

187

553

Romania

69

12

27

78

652

Sweden

65

31

52

231

156

France

50

7

13

178

165

Bulgaria

48

5

8

111

1 016

EU 27

47

8

16

152

169

Slovenia

47

10

22

152

253

Finland

42

23

26

298

230

Germany

40

8

15

173

151

Lithuania

38

9

5

114

432

Latvia

38

30

36

88

307

Hungary

38

5

5

112

401

Greece

36

5

7

125

182

Slovakia

31

5

17

140

539

Austria

31

24

60

170

141

Belgium

24

3

4

226

199

Spain

21

7

20

137

184

Portugal

18

18

30

103

197

Italy

14

7

14

129

142

Ireland

9

3

9

153

103

Cyprus

2

2

-

146

212

Luxembourg

2

3

4

406

159

Malta

0

-

-

97

197

780

47

106

246

129

Japan

17

3

9

171

93

USA

71

5

9

328

190

Denmark

Norway

Degree of Selfsufficiency [%]

Renewable Energy and Waste: Share of Gross Energy Consumption [%]

Source: Eurostat and IEA

22

Gross Energy Consumption per Capita [GJ]

Energy Intensity [TOE per Million EUR GDP (2000 Prices)]


DANISH KEY FIGURES

1980

1990

2000

2008

Gross Energy Consumption per Capita [GJ]

159

160

157

158

Final Energy Consumption per Capita [GJ]

119

118

122

123

Energy Intensity, Gross Energy Consumption [TJ per Million GDP]

0.997

0.818

0.647

0.604

Energy Intensity, Final Energy Consumption [TJ per Million GDP]

0.747

0.603

0.502

0.471

5

52

139

130

67

43

45

39

Renewable Energy: Share of Gross Energy Consumption [%]

3.0

6.2

9.8

16.5

Refinery Capacity [Million Tonnes/Year]

9.0

9.0

9.2

9.0

6 618

9 142

12 600

13 150

Wind Turbine Capacity: Share of Total Electricity Capacity [%]

-

4

19

24

Net Electricity Exports: Share of Domestic Supply [%]

5

-22

-2

-4

CHP Production: Share of Thermal Electricity Production [%]

18

37

56

55

CHP Production: Share of District Heating Production [%]

39

59

82

80

Renewable Energy: Share of Total Domestic Electricity Supply [%]

0.0

2.0

15.3

26.7

CO2 Emissions per Capita [Tonnes]

12

12

10

9

1 034

937

623

547

87

63

41

34

Degree of Self-sufficiency [%] Dependency of Oil [%]

Electricity Capacity [MW]

CO2 Emissions per kWh Sold [Grams per kWh] CO2 Emissions per Consumed Unit of District Heating [Kilograms per GJ]

Note: Data on energy consumption and CO2 emissions are adjusted

23


Do you need more data? „ „ At www.ens.dk under Facts & Figures you can find: Energy Statistics 2008 -

Electronic version of publication Time series and tables Construct your own graphs and tables Danish energy flows

Data Key tables Monthly updates of: - Oil and gas production in Denmark - Monthly energy statistics - Wind turbine data Maps Key maps showning aspects of the Danish Energy Sector

Danish Energy Agency 44 Amaliegade DK-1256 Copenhagen K Denmark Tlf: +45 33926700 Fax: +45 33114743 ens@ens.dk www.ens.dk CVR: 59778714

Danish Energ

3

2007


Turn static files into dynamic content formats.

Create a flipbook
Issuu converts static files into: digital portfolios, online yearbooks, online catalogs, digital photo albums and more. Sign up and create your flipbook.