Percorsi multifunzionali in agricoltura by Image Line

Quaderni Nemeton

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La nuova agricoltura non si limita alla semplice produzione di materie prime a scopo alimentare, ma punta ad integrare in un più ampio quadro d’insieme una serie di funzioni e servizi aggiuntivi a beneficio dell’intera società: questo è, in sintesi, il senso dell’idea di agricoltura multifunzionale, che da qualche anno si sta affermando come uno dei principali orizzonti di riferimento per l’evoluzione futura del mondo agricolo.

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Quaderni Nemeton n. 3 / Novembre 2010 Collana ideata e diretta da Maurizio Corrado Questo volume è stato realizzazto in collaborazione con Ministero Politiche Agricole Alimentari e Forestali, Unacoma e Promoverde Un contributo importante alla realizzazione dell’indagine è stato fornito da una serie di rappresentanti istituzionali e da interlocutori privilegiati del mondo della pubblica amministrazione, delle imprese e delle organizzazioni professionali e di categoria che si ringraziano per la collaborazione. Un ringraziamento particolare va al dr. Raoul Romano dell’INEA.

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Prima edizione: settembre 2010 QN 3 – La multifunzionalità in agricoltura ISBN 978-88-513Ristampe 8 7 6

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Prefazione

A cosa serve l’agricoltura di Andrea Segrè

11 Sinergie verdi: un nuovo paradigma di Gianluca Cristoni 13 La grande risorsa dell’agricoltura multifunzionale di Guglielmo Gandino 15 1 Approcci e modalità di analisi 17 1.1 L’approccio settoriale ed i legami con il resto del sistema socioeconomico 23 1.2. L’approccio paesaggistico-multifunzionale 31 2.3 Agricoltura e servizi del verde: tra pubblico e mercato 33 35 41 45

2 Gli scenari socio-economici 2.1 Le valutazioni realizzate nella logica settoriale 2.2 La dimensione europea e le specificità territoriali 2.3 La situazione italiana

51 3 L’evoluzione dei processi di regolamentazione nel contesto italiano

53 3.1 Premessa 54 3.2 Il quadro normativo nazionale 57 3.3 L’evoluzione della regolamentazione regionale e territoriale: albi di imprese agricole, agro-forestali e forestali

58 61 65

3.3.1 Albi agro-forestali: il caso della Toscana e delle Marche 3.3.2 Albi agricoli: Lombardia e province emiliane 3.3.3 Albi di imprese forestali: la regolamentazione adottata dal Piemonte

68 3.4. Regolamentazione e dinamiche socio-economiche: alcune prime considerazioni 4 I processi di diffusione territoriale: i risultati di un’indagine empirica 4.1 L’approccio analitico e la metodologia adottata 4.2 Gli Albi agro-forestali: le imprese coinvolte e le attività realizzate

4.2.1 Il caso toscano 4.2.2 L’esperienza marchigiana 4.3 Gli Albi dei servizi del verde: le realtà emiliane e lombarde e gli altri esempi del panorama nazionale

Testatina

71 73 74 74 78 79

80 4.3.1 Il caso emiliano 87 4.3.2 La situazione lombarda 92 4.4 Attività forestali e gestione del territorio montano: l’albo delle imprese forestali del Piemonte 94 4.5 Alcune brevi considerazioni 95 5 Conclusioni 97 5.1 Alcune considerazioni conclusive 101 Bibliografia 109 Sitografia

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Servizi del verde

Attrezzature

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Economia locale

Sistema del verde (Green Industry)

GB Resto dell’economia

Operatori pubblici Fig. 1.1 Struttura e legami del sistema del verde Fonte: rielaborazione da Hall et al. (2005)

1 Un altro concetto che si potrebbe utilizzare sarebbe quello di filiera che - nonostante sia stato egregiamente esplorato anche da studiosi italiani come ad esempio Scarano (1989) e De Muro (1992) – nel nostro paese ha finito per essere spesso banalizzato da un uso improprio in ambito politico-giornalistico.

Approccio settoriale-Sistema socio economico

Produzione vivaistico serricola

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Servizi di progettazione installazione e gestione del verde

Mercato operatori privati

Editoria e imballaggio

Commitenza pubblica

Fig. 1.2 Il ruolo dei servizi nel sistema del verde Fonte: rielaborazione da Hall et al. (2005)

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3 Come Ă¨ noto con riferimento ai problemi in esame esistono due principali tipologie di classificazioni statistiche: quelle basate sulle attivitĂ e quelle costruite avendo come base i prodotti. Il riferimento internazionale per il primo tipo di classificazioni Ă¨ la classificazione ISIC alla quale si richiamano sia la NACE, utilizzata a livello europeo, che la NAICS. 4 Non Ă¨ questa ovviamente la sede per una illustrazione del modello citato e delle sue numerosissime applicazioni e rielaborazioni per la quale si rimanda alla copiosa letteratura sviluppatasi a partire dai primi contributi dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Autore citato (Leontief 1936, 1941). 5 Esistono a tal fine specifici software, tra i quali il cosiddetto IMPLAN messo a punto dal Minnesota IMPLAN Group, che considera piĂš di 500 settori, software utilizzato da vari organi del Governo Federale statunitense, oltre che da singoli Stati e UniversitĂ americane.

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SETTORE 54 SERVIZI TECNICI, SCIENTIFICI E PROFESSIONALI; SOTTOSETTORE: 541 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; SERVIZI TECNICI, SCIENTIFICI E PROFESSIONALI Raggruppamento industriale: 5413 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Servizi architettonici ed ingegneristici Categoria: 54132 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Servizi architettonico-paesaggistici (aziende impegnate principalmente nella progettazione dello sviluppo di aree per progetti relativi a parchi ed altre aree ricreative; aeroporti, autostrade, ospedali, scuole; aree commerciali, industriali e residenziali. Raggruppamento industriale: 5416 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Servizi di consulenza direzionali scientifici e tecnici Categoria: 54169â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Altri servizi di consulenza scientifici e tecnici (aziende impegnate nella consulenza e assistenza alle imprese ed altre organizzazioni sul questioni tecniche; include la consulenza e lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;assistenza in campo orticolo-vivaistico) SETTORE: 23 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; COSTRUZIONI; SOTTOSETTORE: 238 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; FORNITORI SPECIALIZZATI Categoria: 23899 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Altri fornitori specializzati (aziende impegnate principalmente in forniture specializzate tra le quali ristrutturazioni, manutenzioni e riparazioni) SETTORE: 56 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; SERVIZI AMMINISTRATIVI E DI ASSISTENZA E DI GESTIONE E TRATTAMENTO DEI RIFIUTI; SOTTOSETTORE: 561 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; SERVIZI AMMINISTRATIVI E DI ASSISTENZA Raggruppamento industriale: 5617 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Servizi agli edifici ed alle abitazioni Categoria: 56173 â&#x20AC;&#x201D; Servizi paesaggistici (aziende impegnate principalmente nella fornitura di servizi di cura e manutenzione paesaggistica e/o di installazione di alberi, cespugli, piante, tappeti erbosi o giardini e aziende impegnate nella fornitura di questi servizi nellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ambito di piani paesaggistici e/o di costruzioni, cioĂ¨ installazioni di strade pedonali, muri di contenimento, recinzioni, laghetti, e strutture simili. Tab. 1.1 Quadro sinottico della configurazione dei servizi del verde sulla base degli aggregati NAICS Fonte: rielaborazione da Cox (2003)

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Influenza EsternalitĂ positive umana dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;uso agricolo del suolo

Operazioni intenzionalmente finalizzate al miglioramento delle funzioni ecosistemiche

FUNZIONI ECOSISTEMICHE Funzione di regolazione Funzione di habitat Funzione produttiva Funzione informativa (conoscitiva) Ritenzione idrica da Agro-ecosistemi capaci Accrescimento della Paesaggio tipico come parte dei pascoli agro- di fornire habitat a fiori produttivitĂ naturale del prodotto congiunto zootecnici specifici terreno attraverso op- dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;uso agricolo del portune rotazioni suolo Mantenimento di mar- Piantare siepi ed altre Coltivazione di legumi o Installazione e manugini dei campi semina- strutture per rifugio e maggese per migliorare tenzione di piste per turali ai fini della impol- riproduzione di uccelli e la produttivitĂ naturale escursioni, sentieri nei linazione e del controllo insetti rari parchi, muri particolari, biologico recinzioni, steccati, etc.

Approcci e modalitĂ di analisi

Tab. 1.2 Esempi di effetti dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;attivitĂ umana sulle funzioni ecosistemiche Fonte: rielaborazione da Enengel (2008)

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LE Approccio paesaggistico-multifunzionale

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Fornitore del servizio (A)

Utente (B)

Risorse e/o beni pubblici (C) Fig. 1.3 Triangolo dei servizi Fonte: rielaborazione da Enengel (2008)

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Agricoltura

Approcci e modalitĂ di analisi

AutoritĂ locali

Servizi paesaggistici

Reti infrastrutturali Fig. 1.4 Attori che implementano i servizi paesaggistici Fonte: rielaborazione da Enengel (2008)

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Turismo ed escursionismo

Operatori protezione natura

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Agricoltura e servizi del verde

Operatori pubblici e intermediari

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Mercati privati (immobiliare, etc.)

Agricoltura

Mercati privati (immobiliare, etc.)

Approcci e modalitĂ di analisi

Fig. 1.5 I mercati â&#x20AC;&#x153;targetâ&#x20AC;? dei servizi producibili dallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;agricoltura

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()/3'&+%!/&)" #6+;" #)1+" '--$32%!2)" '/" 4%+#+&+/:!;" -!" 4!%2+" 4%'/#'4!-+" GHL VHUYL]L GHO YHUGH QHOOD QRPHQFODWXUD 1$,& q FODVVLÃ&#x20AC;FDWD SURSULR /+--+" !22','2B" &+'" 3+%,':';" $/!" 4%'1!" !44%)33'1!2',!" ,!-$2!:')/+" &+--7'1< 4)%2!/:!" &'" 2!-'" !22','2B" /+--7+#)/)1'!" !1+%'#!/!" 4$O" +33+%+" %+!-'::!2!" $2'-'::!/&)" -+" 32'1+" &+--7$-2'1!" */&!8'/+" H//$!-+" 3$'" N+%,':'" %+!-'::!2!" &!--7U=N=" (+/3$3" e$%+!$;" %'4)%2!2+" /+--!" 2!A+--!" C=E=" CODICE NAICS

ATTIVITÃ&#x20AC;

2008

54132

Servizi architettonico-paesaggistici

56173

Servizi paesaggistici

2007

2006

2005

5.371

5.379

5.038

4.575

51.935

52.662

49.228

44.793

Totale

57.306

58.041

54.266

49.368

TOTALE SERVIZI

6.068.111

6.004.852

5.657.082

5.272.423

Tab. 2.1. Ricavi dei settori dei servizi paesaggistici (valori correnti, milioni di dollari) Fonte: rielaborazione da stime U.S. Census Bureau Service Annual Survey

M@ Valutazioni realizzate nella logica settoriale

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Servizi architettornico-paesaggistici Installatori e manitentori paesaggistici Totale Vendite lorde Campi da golf Parchi privati Agenzie governative Hotels Gestioni immobiliari Scuole private Cimiteri Totale spese servizi in-house TOTALE

TOTALE (STIMA) 12,55 314,11 326,66 49,88 18,98 28,82 53,79 4,83 4,25 2,99 163,54 490,20

Tab. 2.2 Vendite lorde per servizi paesaggistici e spese totali per servizi in-house, Stato delle Hawai (milioni di $ 2002) Fonte: Cox 2003

()1+"3'")33+%,!;"#)/"%'9+%'1+/2)"!-"CFFC;"'"3+%,':'"&+-",+%&+"8+/+%!/)" XQ Ă XVVR GL ULVRUVH FKH VĂ&#x20AC;RUD LO PH]]R PLOLDUGR GL GROODUL &RQVLGH< %!/&)" -!" &'1+/3')/+" -'1'2!2!" &+--)" N2!2)" '/" 5$+32')/+" a" A!32'" &'%+" #6+" -!"4)4)-!:')/+"&+--+"'3)-+"'/"+3!1+"@"'/2)%/)"!-"1'-')/+"a"3'"#)14%+/< &+" #)1+" -!" 3$!" ,)#!:')/+" 2$%'32'#!" 9!" !33$1+%+" !-" 3+22)%+" '/" +3!1+" $/" %$)-)" &'" 4%'1)" 4'!/)" /+--7+#)/)1'!" G-)#!-+J= U/" !-2%)" +3+14')" %+#+/2+" #6+" 4$O" +33+%+" 4%+3)" '/" #)/3'&+%!:')/+" @" TXHOOR GHOOD )ORULGD GRYH LQ XQ ODYRUR GL +RGJHV DQG +D\GX GHO YLHQH ULFRVWUXLWR DO LO WRWDOH GHOOH YHQGLWH GL XQD FRQĂ&#x20AC;JXUD]LRQH #)14%+/&+/2+" '" 3+%,':'" 4!+3!88'32'#';" -!" &'32%'A$:')/+" +" -!" 4%)&$:')/+" YLYDLVWLFD HVHPSLR FKH YLHQH ULSRUWDWR QHOOD WDEHOOD

Gli scenari socio-economici

SEGMENTI Installazioni paesaggistiche Manutenzione paesaggistica Progettazione paesaggistica Altri servizi paesaggistici Totale servizi paesaggistici

VENDITE 2.451 1.582 509 714 5.256 6.971

Vendite al dettaglio dei Garden Center Vendite vivaisti TOTALE

3.007 15.234

Tab. 2.3 Valori delle vendite del vivaismo, della distribuzione e dei servizi paesaggistici, Florida (milioni di $ correnti, 2005) Fonte: Hodges and Haydu 2006

$QFKH QHO FDVR GHOOD )ORULGD OD FXL GLPHQVLRQH LQ WHUPLQL GHPRJUDĂ&#x20AC;< FL QRQ q SDUWLFRODUPHQWH DPSLD PLOLRQL GL DELWDQWL SXz HVVHUH ),,'!1+/2+"'/,)#!2!"-7!22%!22','2B"2$%'32'#!"+"%+3'&+/:'!-+"4+%"34'+8!%+"-!" VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLYD LPSRUWDQ]D GHOOH DWWLYLWj GHOOD JUHHQ LQGXVWU\ QHOOÂˇDPELWR &+--!" 5$!-+" '" 3+%,':'" 4!+3!88'32'#'" /+--+" -)%)" &',+%3+" #)14)/+/2'" a" '/< 32!--!:')/+;" 1!/$2+/:')/+" +" 4%)8+22!:')/+" a" 8+/+%!/)" $/" G9!22$%!2)J" GL ROWUH PLOLDUGL GL GROODUL H" 4!%2'%+" &!--+" !/!-'3'" +" &!--+" 32'1+" %+!-'::!2+" !" -',+--)" &'" 32!2)" +" &'" #)14!%2)" /+--7$-2'1)" &+#+//')" 3'" @" !/&!2)" #)32'2$+/&)" $/" /+2f)%]" &'" 8QLYHUVLWj FKH VL SURSRQH FRPH ULIHULPHQWR SHU OR VWXGLR GL WXWWL JOL !34+22'" &+-" 3+22)%+" &+--!" G)%2'#)-2$%!" !1A'+/2!-+J" 32!2$/'2+/3+1" a" )%8!< /'::!:')/+"&+-"-!,)%);"#)14)%2!1+/2)"&+-"#)/3$1!2)%+;"4%!2'#6+"3)32+< /'A'-'" a" 2%!" '" 5$!-'" ),,'!1+/2+" !/#6+" -!" &'1+/3')/+" +" -7'14!22)" +#)/)< 1'#)=" 0+--7!1A'2)" &'" &+22)" /+2f)%]" ,+//+" %+!-'::!2);" !--!" 1+2B" &+--7!2< 2$!-+" &+#+//');" '-" #'2!2)" 32$&')" 3$--7'14!22)" #)14-+33',)" &+-" 3'32+1!" &+-" YHUGH JUHHQ LQGXVWU\ VXOOÂˇHFRQRPLD VWDWXQLWHQVH +DOO HW DO W!-+"'14!22)",+/',!"1'3$%!2)"!"4!%2'%+"&!--!"&'1+/3')/+"&+'"2%+"3+81+/< 2'" #6+" #)14)/8)/)" '-" 3'32+1!?" 5$+--)" 4%)&$22',)d1!/'9!22$%'+%);" 5$+--)" GLVWULEXWLYR H TXHOOR GHL VHUYL]L RUWLFROWXUDOL DUFKLWHWWRQLFR SDHVDJJLVWLFL +" 4!+3!88'32'#'P=" H" 5$+32'" $-2'1';" !-" CFFC;" +%!/)" %'#)/&$#'A'-';" 4+%" '-" FRPSOHVVR GHJOL 6WDWL 8QLWL SRFR PHQR GL PLOD D]LHQGH SURGXWWLYH FRQ ROWUH PLOD GLSHQGHQWL FRQ XQ PRQWH VDODUL SRFR DO GL VRWWR GL PLOLDUGL FKH JHQHUDYDQR XQ YROXPH GL YHQGLWH ORUGH SDUL D SRFR PHQR GL PLOLDUGL GL GROODUL FRPH LOOXVWUDWR QHOOD WDEHOOD 0+'" 3+22)%'" ,',!'32'#'" +" 1!/'9!22$%'+%'" 3'" %'-+,!,!/);" #)1+" 3'" &+3$1+" VHPSUH GDOOD VWHVVD WDEHOOD ROWUH PLOD D]LHQGH SHU XQ WRWDOH GL 1'-'!%&'"&'"&)--!%'"&'",+/&'2+"-)%&+="R+%"5$!/2)"%'8$!%&!"-!"&'32%'A$:')/+" LO QXPHUR GL D]LHQGH FRLQYROWH VXSHUDYD L PLOD FRQ ROWUH PL< -'!%&'" &'" ,+/&'2+=" 0+-" #)14-+33)" !-" 3'32+1!" &+-" ,+%&+" )%/!1+/2!-+" 4)2+,!/)" +33+%+" &'< UHWWDPHQWH DVFULWWH FLUFD PLOD XQLWj SURGXWWLYH FRQ ROWUH PLOLR< QL GL RFFXSDWL SHU XQ PRQWH VDODUL FRPSOHVVLYR GL PLOLDUGL GL GRO< ODUL HG XQ Â´IDWWXUDWRÂľ WRWDOH GL SRFR SL GL PLOLDUGL GL GROODUL ,Q 5$+32'" 2+%1'/';" !/#6+" #)/" %'9+%'1+/2)" !--+" &'1+/3')/'" &+--7'/2+%!" +#)< QRPLD DPHULFDQD OD JUHHQ LQGXVWU\ DVVXPH GLPHQVLRQL VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLYH 1 Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;espressione originale Ă¨ â&#x20AC;&#x153;Environmental Horticulture Industryâ&#x20AC;?.

MB Valutazioni realizzate nella logica settoriale

ATTIVITĂ&#x20AC;

173.403 150.543 22.201 659 551.641 514.962 36.679 510.513 60.010 171.149 113.929 60.450 19.222 56.651 29.102

TOTALE 255.389 * Dati su occupazione e salari stimati in base alla percentuale di vendite nel settore

1.235.557

50.411

Produzione/Fabbricazione Vivaismo e produzioni serricole (1.114) Produzione di attrezzature per prati e giardini (33.311) Edifici in metallo prefabbricati (332.311) (Serre)* Servizi â&#x20AC;&#x153;orticolturaliâ&#x20AC;? Servizi paesaggistici (56.173) Servizi architettonico-paesaggistici (56.173) Ingrosso e dettaglio Commercio allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ingrosso di fiori e prodotti vivaistici (42.493) Rivenditori di attrezzature per prati e giardini (4.442) Negozi di fiori (4.531) Commercio di materiali da costruzione (4.441)* Dettaglio alimentare (445)* Magazzini generali (452)* Grossisti di attrezzature per lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;agricoltura ed il giardinaggio (42.382)*

AZIENDE

DIPENDENTI

VENDITE ($MN) 23.000 16.362 6.517 121 38.804 35.235 3.569 85.302 10.022 30.953 6.597 13.201 3.090 9.898 11.541 147.106

Tab. 2.4 Aziende occupazione e dimensione economica del sistema del verde degli Stati Uniti (valori correnti 2002) Fonte: Hall et al. 2005

1HOOD WDEHOOD VRQR LQYHFH ULSRUWDWL IDFHQGR ULIHULPHQWR DOOD VWHVVD 9)/2+;" '" %'3$-2!2'" &+--!" ,!-$2!:')/+" &+--7'14!22)" #)14-+33',)" &+-" 3'32+1!" &+-" ,+%&+" 3$--7+#)/)1'!" !1+%'#!/!" $2'-'::!/&)" '-" 3)92f!%+" *LR>H0= SETTORE (CODICE NAICS)

Gli scenari socio-economici

Produzione/Fabbricazione Vivaismo e produzioni serricole (1.114) Produzione di attrezzature per prati e giardini (33.311) Edifici in metallo prefabbricati (332.311) (Serre)* Servizi orticolturali Servizi paesaggistici (56.173) Servizi architettonico-paesaggistici (56.173) Ingrosso e dettaglio Commercio allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;ingrosso di fiori e prodotti vivaistici (42.493) Rivenditori di attrezzature per prati e giardini (4.442) Negozi di fiori (4.531) Commercio di materiali da costruzione (4.441)* Dettaglio alimentare (445)* Magazzini generali (452)* Grossisti di attrezzature per lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;agricoltura ed il giardinaggio (42382)* TOTALE * Valori espressi in dollari 2004 (GDP Implicit Price Deflator, U.S. Department of Commerce)

OCCUPAZIONE (JOBS)

OUTPUT ($MN)

261.408 37.343 1.927

26.053 8.281 244

704.875 48.683

52.971 4.803

68.969 40.617 347.916 123.591 200.451 35.117 93.443

2.879 4.146 22.859 9.982 7.195 2.263 6.150

1.964.340

147.826

Tab. 2.5 Impatto complessivo del sistema del verde sullâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;economia degli Stati Uniti* Fonte: Hall et al. 2005

()1+" 3'" )33+%,!" 8-'" +99+22'" '/&'%+22'" 3+1A%!/)" 1!/'9+32!%3'" 3)4%!22$22)" 3$-",+%3!/2+")##$4!:')/!-+;"#)1+"3'"4$O",+&+%+"#)/3'&+%!/&)"'"%'3$-2!< 2'"&+-"1)&+--)?"#)/"%'9+%'1+/2)"!--7!//)"#)/3'&+%!2)"'/9!22'"-7)##$4!:')< QH FRPSOHVVLYD JHQHUDWD GDO VLVWHPD VĂ&#x20AC;RUD L GXH PLOLRQL GL XQLWj 0+8-'"$-2'1'"!//'"-!"%+#+33')/+"#6+"6!"#)-4'2)"-7+#)/)1'!"!1+%'#!/!"6!" LQĂ XHQ]DWR QHJDWLYDPHQWH DQFKH LO VHWWRUH GHL VHUYL]L SDHVDJJLVWLFL 7XWWDYLD DQDOLVL UHFHQWL *,$ VHPEUDQR VXJJHULUH Â˛ LQ VLQWRQLD #)/" -!" !$34'#!2!" %'4%+3!" &+-" 3+22)%+" '11)A'-'!%+" a" $/" %+#$4+%)" &'" 4)< 3':')/'" #6+" 3+#)/&)" -!" 9)/2+" #'2!2!" &),%+AA+%)" 4)%2!%+" '-" ,!-)%+" #)1< 4-+33',)" &+-" 1+%#!2)" &'" 2!-'" 3+%,':'" '/2)%/)" !8-'" `F" 1'-'!%&'" &'" &)--!%'" HQWUR LO 7DOH UHFXSHUR GRYUHEEH HVVHUH GRYXWR VLD DG XQD TXDOFKH %'4%+3!" &+'" A'3)8/'" &'" G!AA+--'1+/2)J" &+--!" 4%)4%'+2B" #)11+%#'!-+" +" %+3'&+/:'!-+;" 3'!" 3)4%!22$22)" !&" $/!" %'4%+3!" &+'" 4%)8+22'" &'" '/2+%,+/2)" SXEEOLFR LVWLWX]LRQL HGXFDWLYH HWF 6HPSUH VWDQGR DOOD IRQWH FLWDWD LO 3+81+/2)"4'M"#)/3'32+/2+"&+'"3+%,':'"'/"4!%)-!"%'1!/+"5$+--)"&+'"3+%,'< :'"4+%"8'!%&'/'"+"4%!2';"5$+--)"!"1!88')%+"#!%!22+%'::!:')/+"%+3'&+/:'!-+;" #6+" ,!-+" )-2%+" '-" TF[" &+-" 1+%#!2)= */" 5$+32)" 5$!&%)" $/!" '14)%2!/:!" #%+3#+/2+" ,'+/+" !33$/2!" &!'" #!14'" &!" 8)-9;" $/!" !22','2B" '" #$'" %'#!,';" /+-" #!3)" &+--!" #'2!2!" b-)%'&!;" 4)33)/)" HVVHUH VWLPDWL LQ GLYHUVL PLOLDUGL GL GROODUL DOOÂˇDQQR +D\GX +RGJHV HG LO FXL LPSDWWR VXOOÂˇHFRQRPLD SXz HVVHUH GDYYHUR VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLYR e!32'" #)/3'&+%!%+" #6+" /+-" #!3)" &+-" (!/!&!" $/" %+#+/2+" 32$&')" #)11'3< VLRQDWR GDOOD )HGHUD]LRQH QD]LRQDOH DOOÂˇ61* 61* YDOXWD WDOH LPSDWWR LQ WHUPLQL GL YHQGLWH GLUHWWH LQ FLUFD PLOLDUGL GL GROODUL >!" &'1+/3')/+" +" -+" #!%!22+%'32'#6+" &+-" 1+%#!2)" !1+%'#!/);" /+-" 5$!-+" '" 3+%,':'" 4!+3!88'32'#'" 3)/)" 9)%2+1+/2+" -+8!2'" !8-'" '11)A'-'" 4%',!2';" 6!" VROOHFLWDWR VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLYL SURFHVVL GL FUHVFLWD GLPHQVLRQDOH H GL FRQFHQ< 2%!:')/+=" N)/)" +1+%3+" '/" 5$+32)" 3+22)%+" /+8-'" $-2'1'" &+#+//'" $/!" 3+%'+" &'" '14%+3+" &'" 8%!/&'" &'1+/3')/';" 4'M" )" 1+/)" 34+#'!-'::!2+;" 2%!" -+" 5$!< -'" !-#$/+" %',+32)/)" $/" %$)-)" #6'!,+" /+--!" 8%++/" '/&$32%Z= 0+--!" 2!A+--!" 3)/)" %'4)%2!2+" -+" 2)4" EF" 4+%" -7!//)" '/" #)%3);" '/&','&$!2+" VXOOD EDVH GHOOD FODVVLĂ&#x20AC;FD GHL ULFDYL GHOOR VFRUVR DQQR FRVu FRPH ULOH< YDWL GDOOD ULYLVWD /DZQ DQG /DQGVFDSH / /

ME Valutazioni realizzate nella logica settoriale

56.233 56.070 145 18 82.683 76.458 6.225 116.473 4.816 21.065 22.753 18.623 22.465 22.710 4.041

MONTE SALARI ($MN) 26.896 4.459 681 21.756 12.839 11.509 1.330 10.676 1.580 3.769 1.489 1.608 330 955 945

SETTORE (CODICE NAICS)

AZIENDA The TruGreen Cos. ValleyCrest Landscape Companies The Brinckman Group The Davey Tree Expert Co. Scotts LawnService Bartlett Tree Expert Ambius Weed Man U.S. Lawns Lawn Doctor

QUARTIER GENERALE Menphis, Tenn. Calabasas, Calif. Ghaithersburg, Md. Kent, Ohio Marysville, Ohio Stamford, Conn. Buffalo Grove, Ill. Oshawa, Ontario Orlando, Fla. Holmdel, N.J. TOTALE TOP 10

RICAVI 2009 ($ X 1.000) 1.311.132 940.000 687.000 562.111 272.600 150.000 123.500 105.500 94.000 86.000 4.331.843

Tab. 2.6 Principali imprese di servizi del verde negli Stati Uniti Fonte: L&L 2010

Gli scenari socio-economici

H-"4%'1)"&!--!"9)/2+"#'2!2!",'+/+"#)--)#!2!"-!"W%$g%++/;"$/!"!:'+/&!"#)/" FLUFD Ă&#x20AC;OLDOL FKH VHUYH SL GL GXH PLOLRQL GL FOLHQWL SHU OD TXDOH / / VWLPD ULFDYL SHU ROWUH PLOLDUGL GL GROODUL 6HJXRQR DOWUH D]LHQGH Â´VWR< %'#6+J"&+-"3+22)%+"#)1+"-!""\!--+Z(%+32">!/&3#!4+"()14!/'+3;""'-"e%'#]1!/" *URXS OD 'DYH\ 7UHH ([SHUW &RPSDQ\ OD 6FRWWV /DZQ6HUYLFH /DZQ _)#2)%3" */#;" X++&" L!/;" +2#=" >7'14)%2!/:!" &+-" 3+22)%+" @" 2+32'1)/'!2!" !/#6+" &!--!" 4%+3+/:!" &'" 3$%,+Z" #)/2'/$!2',+" A!3!2+" 3$" 4!/+-;" $/!" &+--+" 5$!-'" ,'+/+" %+!-'::!2!" &!--!" Heh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Ă&#x20AC;FDWLYH ULGX< :')/'"&+--+",+/&'2+;"/+-"#)14-+33)"4+%"-+"'14%+3+"'/2+%,'32!2+"-+"4%)34+2< WLYH QRQ DSSDLRQR SDUWLFRODUPHQWH Â´FDWDVWURĂ&#x20AC;FKHÂľ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h+8/)" U/'2)" 6!" 4%)&)22)" %+#+/2+1+/2+" $/)" VWXGLR VXJOL VNLOOV GHJOL VSD]L YHUGL &$%( QHOOÂˇDPELWR GHO TXDOH

SURSULR FRQ ULIHULPHQWR DO 5HJQR 8QLWR VL GHĂ&#x20AC;QLVFH H VL VWLPDQR OH GLPHQVLRQL LQ WHUPLQL RFFXSD]LRQDOL GL TXHOOR FKH YLHQH SHU OÂˇDSSXQWR GHĂ&#x20AC;QLWR FRPH LO Â´VHWWRUH GHJOL VSD]L YHUGLÂľ , ULVXOWDWL GHOOÂˇLQGDJLQH VRQR 3'/2+2'::!2'" /+--!" 2!A+--!" C=T= CODICE SIC 8411

DESCRIZIONE SIC

AttivitĂ di amministrazione pubblica in generale SanitĂ , istruzione servizi culturali ed altri servizi 8412 sociali con esclusione della previdenza sociale 7111/2 Servizi architettonico-paesaggistici 8130 Servizi paesaggistici Giardini botanici e zoologici e attivitĂ delle riserve 9104 naturali 6820/1 Servizi di accoglienza TOTALE

TOTALE PERSONE IMPIEGATE 293.622

PERSONE IMPIEGATE NEL SETTORE DEL VERDE Totale Settore pubblico Settore privato Terzo settore 53.920 53.920

58.064 4.421 43.053

4.289 41.717

1.669

4.289 39.213

13.868

10.550

5.917

2.737

1.896

46.239

11.481 14.212

75.249 11.481 488.277 121.957

61.506

835

Tab. 2.7 Persone impiegate nel Settore degli spazi verdi nel Regno Unito, 2009 Fonte: CABE 2010

()1+" 3'" 4$O" %'-+,!%+" -7)##$4!:')/+" &'%+22!1+/2+" %'#)/&$#'A'-+" !-" 3+2< 2)%+" ,'+/+" ,!-$2!2!" 4!%'" !" 5$!3'" ECC" 1'-!" !&&+22'=" /D GLPHQVLRQH HXURSHD H OH VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FLWj WHUULWRULDOL ()1+" 3'" @" #+%#!2)" &'" +,'&+/:'!%+" /+-" #!4'2)-)" 4%+#+&+/2+;" /+-" #)/2+32)" +$%)4+)"'"3+%,':'"!8%)<4!+3!88'32'#'"3)/)"&+#-'/!2'"#)/"1!88')%+"%'9+%'1+/< WR DO VHWWRUH DJULFROR H Â˛ DQFKH VH VRQR LQ FRUVR PRGLĂ&#x20AC;FKH GHL VLVWHPL GL FODVVLĂ&#x20AC;FD]LRQH LQ OLQHD FRQ JOL RULHQWDPHQWL LQWHUQD]LRQDOL FKH WHQGRQR D GLVWLQJXHUH WDOL VHUYL]L GDOOD DWWLYLWj DJULFROD VRWWR LO SURĂ&#x20AC;OR VWDWLVWLFR ,HYR< -'" CFF^P" a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ÂˇLQVLHPH GHL VHUYL]L DJULFROL PLOLRQL GL HXUR FRUUHQWL GHL SDHVL GHOOÂˇ8QLRQH (XURSHD DL TXDOL VRQR DJJLXQWL JOL VWHVVL YDORUL SHU OD 0)%,+8'!" +" 4+%" -!" N,'::+%!= ()1+"@"4)33'A'-+")33+%,!%+;"4+%"'-"#)14-+33)"&+'"CT"4!+3'"!&+%+/2'"!--7U/')/+"

RG Dimensione europea e specificitĂ territoriali

RANK 2010 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

Gli scenari socio-economici

2009* ! Austria 229 Belgio 46 Danimarca 428 Finlandia 88 Francia 3.296 Germania 1.785 Grecia 434 Irlanda 269 Italia 2.616 Lussemburgo 8 Paesi Bassi 2.615 Portogallo 321 Spagna 378 Svezia 266 Regno Unito 947 Unione Europea (EU 15) 13.727 Bulgaria 277 Repubblica Ceca 109 Estonia 17 Cipro 0 Lettonia 18 Lituania 58 Ungheria 390 Malta 0 Polonia 441 Romania 163 Slovenia 22 Slovacchia 122 Unione Europea (EU 27) 15.346 Norvegia 0 Svizzera 440 TOTALE 15.786 * stime â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Fonte: rielaborazioni su dati Eurostat

2008 241 45 411 91 3.231 1.733 425 281 2.606 8 2.577 300 407 281 998 13.634 283 107 19 0 24 49 438 0 506 194 21 98 15.374 0 410 15.784

2007 210 45 464 84 3.148 1.666 417 288 2.554 8 2.419 283 391 270 994 13.241 225 84 12 0 25 28 344 0 422 205 19 80 14.685 0 379 15.064

2006 205 45 423 80 3.085 1.566 410 272 2.496 8 2.407 272 545 263 915 12.989 244 83 10 0 22 33 360 0 412 134 19 67 14.374 0 388 14.762

2005 203 45 413 63 2.994 1.548 395 270 2.444 8 2.171 252 416 268 935 12.423 254 73 11 0 23 20 407 0 369 109 19 67 13.775 0 412 14.187

2004 205 45 391 75 2.901 1.514 347 261 2.478 8 2.091 250 459 235 1.058 12.319 199 45 9 0 7 15 383 0 339 97 17 58 13.488 0 425 13.913

Tab. 2.8 Valore ai prezzi di base degli output dei servizi agricoli (milioni di euro correnti)

2003 188 45 381 67 2.825 1.463 345 248 2.366 8 2.049 224 454 205 914 11.783 168 42 9 0 6 9 303 0 343 100 16 61 12.840 0 418 13.258

R+%" 1+8-')" ,'3$!-'::!%+" -!" &'32%'A$:')/+" 2+%%'2)%'!-+" &+-" 9+/)1+/);" '/" A!3+" !--!" 2!A+--!" +3!1'/!2!;" /+--!" 3$##+33',!" 2!A+--!" C=^" ,+/8)/)" %'4)%< WDWL L SULPL GLHFL SDHVL FODVVLĂ&#x20AC;FDWL LQ EDVH DOOÂˇLQFLGHQ]D GHO YDORUH GHOOÂˇRX< 24$2" &+'" 3+%,':'" 3$-" 2)2!-+" CFF^=" RANK 2009 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10

2009* Francia Italia Paesi Bassi Germania Regno Unito Polonia Svizzera Grecia Danimarca Ungheria

2008 20,9 16,6 16,6 11,3 6,0 2,8 2,8 2,8 2,7 2,5

2007 20,5 16,5 16,3 11,0 6,3 3,2 2,6 2,7 2,6 2,8

2006 20,9 17,0 16,1 11,1 6,6 2,8 2,5 2,8 3,1 2,3

2005 20,9 16,9 16,3 10,6 6,2 2,8 2,6 2,8 2,9 2,4

21,1 17,2 15,3 10,9 6,6 2,6 2,9 2,8 2,9 2,9

Tab. 2.9 Valore ai prezzi di base degli output dei servizi agricoli (incidenza % sul totale al 2009) Fonte: rielaborazioni su dati Eurostat

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MOM( ( +:( <489:>46D;( 48:74:D:

MunicipalitĂ AutoritĂ locali Agricoltori e forestali Associazioni collettive Privati etc.

FORNITORI DEL SERVIZIO MunicipalitĂ Aziende private Agricoltori Cooperative agricole etc.

UTENTI Popolazioni locali Agricoltori Associazioni collettive Turisti Escursionisti etc.

Fig. 2.1. Attori coinvolti e catena del servizio di manutenzione delle strade rurali Fonte: rielaborazione da Amblard et al. 2008

Gli scenari socio-economici

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La situazione italiana

Operatori pubblici (statali, federali, distrettua) s Regole s finanziamenti s incentivi s regolazione/controlli

RESPONSABILITĂ&#x20AC;

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COLTIVAZIONI AGRICOLE Coltivazioni erbacee Cereali Legumi secchi Patate e ortaggi Industriali Fiori e piante da vaso Coltivazioni foraggere Coltivazioni legnose Prodotti vitivinicoli Prodotti dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;olivicoltura Agrumi Frutta Altre legnose ALLEVAMENTI ZOOTECNICI Prodotti zootecnici alimentari Carni Latte Uova Miele Prodotti zootecnici non alimentari ATTIVITĂ&#x20AC; DEI SERVIZI CONNESSI Produzione di beni e servizi dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;agricoltura

2008 VALORI % ASSOLUTI

2009 VALORI % ASSOLUTI

VARIAZIONE % 2009/08

4.966 56 6.274 1.458 1.613 1.882

11,12 0,13 14,05 3,26 3,61 4,22

5.197 97 6.964 564 1.651 1.752

10,68 0,20 14,31 1,16 3,39 3,60

3.278 70 7.298 600 1.467 1.600

7,39 0,16 16,45 1,35 3,31 3,61

-36,93 -27,40 4,80 6,35 -11,11 -8,64

3.536 2.082 1.040 2.690 765

7,92 4,66 2,33 6,03 1,71

3.297 2.005 1.250 3.386 1.410

6,78 4,12 2,57 6,96 2,90

2.975 1.451 1.361 2.807 1.306

6,70 3,27 3,07 6,33 2,94

-9,78 -27,66 8,88 -17,10 -7,39

9.081 20,46 4.598 10,36 1.140 2,57 29 0,06 12 0,03 5.303 11,95 44.375 100,00

-5,87 -8,20 4,03 42,50 5,15 0,09 -8,79

8.850 19,82 4.230 9,47 934 2,09 20 0,04 12 0,03 4.239 9,49 44.647 100,00

9.646 19,83 5.009 10,30 1.096 2,25 20 0,04 11 0,02 5.298 10,89 48.653 100,00

Tab. 2.10 Produzione di beni e servizi dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;agricoltura (valori correnti, ml. di euro) Fonte: rielaborazioni su dati Istat

Gli scenari socio-economici

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PIEMONTE VALLE D'AOSTA LOMBARDIA TRENTINO-ALTO ADIGE VENETO FRIULI-VENEZIA GIULIA LIGURIA EMILIA-ROMAGNA TOSCANA UMBRIA MARCHE LAZIO ABRUZZO MOLISE CAMPANIA PUGLIA BASILICATA CALABRIA SICILIA SARDEGNA

2000 2008 2009 VALORI VALORI VALORI VARIAZIONE % % % % ASSOLUTI ASSOLUTI ASSOLUTI 2009/08 248,3 5,9 318,8 6,0 319,0 6,0 0,08 8,2 0,2 9,8 0,2 9,8 0,2 0,00 396,4 9,4 525,2 9,9 522,1 9,8 -0,59 69,3 1,6 83,4 1,6 84,3 1,6 1,10 414,0 9,8 511,0 9,6 512,0 9,7 0,19 102,6 2,4 131,5 2,5 130,8 2,5 -0,50 40,3 1,0 59,8 1,1 59,5 1,1 -0,58 453,1 10,7 553,4 10,4 555,7 10,5 0,43 204,2 4,8 264,8 5,0 263,4 5,0 -0,55 82,8 2,0 100,8 1,9 100,4 1,9 -0,37 161,9 3,8 198,4 3,7 198,6 3,7 0,08 248,5 5,9 332,0 6,3 330,8 6,2 -0,34 105,5 2,5 131,7 2,5 132,0 2,5 0,24 59,4 1,4 70,4 1,3 70,2 1,3 -0,19 241,3 5,7 297,0 5,6 300,5 5,7 1,17 419,6 9,9 508,8 9,6 509,9 9,6 0,22 142,0 3,4 166,9 3,2 167,5 3,2 0,37 186,4 4,4 222,6 4,2 223,6 4,2 0,46 465,0 11,0 566,7 10,7 568,1 10,7 0,23 190,0 4,5 245,0 4,6 244,4 4,6 -0,27 ITALIA 4.238,6 100,0 5.298,1 100,0 5.302,8 100,0 0,09

Tab. 2.11 Produzione di servizi connessi per regione (valori correnti, ml. di euro) Fonte: rielaborazioni su dati Istat

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La situazione italiana

2000 VALORI % ASSOLUTI

ATTIVITĂ&#x20AC; DEI SERVIZI CONNESSI PIEMONTE VALLE D'AOSTA LOMBARDIA TRENTINO-ALTO ADIGE VENETO FRIULI-VENEZIA GIULIA LIGURIA EMILIA-ROMAGNA TOSCANA UMBRIA MARCHE LAZIO ABRUZZO MOLISE CAMPANIA PUGLIA BASILICATA CALABRIA SICILIA SARDEGNA ITALIA

Gli scenari socio-economici

319,0 6,0 9,8 0,2 522,1 9,8 84,3 1,6 512,0 9,7 130,8 2,5 59,5 1,1 555,7 10,5 263,4 5,0 100,4 1,9 198,6 3,7 330,8 6,2 132,0 2,5 70,2 1,3 300,5 5,7 509,9 9,6 167,5 3,2 223,6 4,2 568,1 10,7 244,4 4,6 5.302,8 100,0

PRODUZIONE DI BENI E SERVIZI % DELLâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;AGRICOLTURA 3.126.968,0 7,0 69.056,4 0,2 6.167.141,0 13,9 1.213.346,4 2,7 4.527.254,8 10,2 797.234,7 1,8 704.647,0 1,6 5.271.287,9 11,9 2.335.987,2 5,3 698.976,9 1,6 1.077.836,5 2,4 2.426.890,5 5,5 1.042.719,2 2,3 381.992,4 0,9 3.130.437,6 7,1 3.391.699,8 7,6 710.089,3 1,6 1.842.700,2 4,2 3.787.435,3 8,5 1.671.404,1 3,8 44.375.105,1 100,0

QUOZIENTE DI LOCALIZZAZIONE 0,85 1,19 0,71 0,58 0,95 1,37 0,71 0,88 0,94 1,20 1,54 1,14 1,06 1,54 0,80 1,26 1,97 1,02 1,26 1,22 1,00

Tab. 2.12 AttivitĂ dei servizi connessi: Quozienti di localizzazione (2009) Fonte: rielaborazioni su dati Istat

()1+" @" /)2);" '" 5$):'+/2'" &'" -)#!-'::!:')/+" 9)%/'3#)/)" $/!" 3+14-'#+" 1'3$%!" &+-" 8%!&)" &'" 34+#'!-'::!:')/+" 4%)&$22',!" &'" $/!" &!2!" %+8')/+" UHODWLYDPHQWH DG XQ FHUWR VHWWRUH QHO FDVR VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FR WDOL TXR]LHQWL VR< /)" 32!2'" #!-#)-!2'" 4+%" -+" !22','2B" &+'" 3+%,':'" #)//+33'=" >!" 9)%1$-!" &+-" 5$):'+/2+" &'" 34+#'!-'::!:')/+" 4$O" +33+%+" #)3Q" '/&'#!2!? .'" i" N'dH'dNdH &),+" N'" %!44%+3+/2!" '-" ,!-)%+" &+--!" 4%)&$:')/+" &+'" 3+%,':'" #)//+33'" /+--!"'<+3'1!"%+8')/+;"H'"5$+--)"&+--!"4%)&$:')/+"#)14-+33',!"&'"A+/'"+" 3+%,':'" &+--!" !8%'#)-2$%!" /+--!" 1+&+3'1!" %+8')/+;" 1+/2%+" N" +&" H" %!4< 4%+3+/2!/)"%'34+22',!1+/2+"'-"2)2!-+"/!:')/!-+"&+'"3+%,':'"+"&+--!"4%)&$<

:')/+"!8%'#)-!1="U/".' PDJJLRUH PLQRUH GHOOÂˇXQLWj LQGLFD XQ OLYHOOR GL VSHFLDOL]]D]LRQH SURGXWWLYD UHJLRQDOH PDJJLRUH PLQRUH GL TXHOOR PHGLR /!:')/!-+=" (VDPLQDQGR OD WDEHOOD GXQTXH OH UHJLRQL QHOOH TXDOL OH DWWLYLWj LQ HVDPH 4+3!/)"%+-!2',!1+/2+"&'"4'M"3$-",!-)%+"&+--!"4%)&$:')/+"%'3$-2!/)"+33+< %+" \!--+" &7H)32!" +" b%'$-'" \+/+:'!" g'$-'!" !-" /)%&;" U1A%'!;" L!%#6+" +" L)-'3+" !-" #+/2%);" -!" e!3'-'#!2!" +" -+" *3)-+" !-" 3$&=" */" 2+%1'/'" %+-!2','"&$/5$+"a" !" 4!%2+"-!" N'#'-'!"a"'-" #)14!%2)" &+'"3+%,':'" 3+1A%!" !33$1+%+" $/!" ,!-+/:!" 1!88')%+" '/" %+8')/'" 4'M" G4'##)-+J;" 1!" #'O" /)/" +3#-$&+" !99!22)" #6+" /+--+" h+8')/'" &'" &'1+/3')/+" 1!88')%+" ,'" 3'!/)" !14'" 34!:'" 4+%" $/!" $-2+%')%+" #%+3#'2!" &+-" #)14!%2)" 32+33)=" K,,'!1+/2+" -7!/!-'3'" 4%)4)32!" ,!-+" 4+%" '-" #)14-+33)" &+--+" !22','2B" #)/< QHVVH &RQ ULIHULPHQWR VSHFLĂ&#x20AC;FDPHQWH DOOD VROD SURGX]LRQH DJULFROD &'"G3+%,':'"&+-",+%&+J"-7*32!2"6!"#)%2+3+1+/2+"9)%/'2)"!/#6+"4+%"'-"CFF^" LO GDWR QD]LRQDOH FKH QHOOD WDEHOOD YLHQH SRVWR D FRQIURQWR FRQ LO &!2)" &'" '/':')" &+#+//')" +" #)/" 5$+--)" %+-!2',)" !--7!//)" 4%+#+&+/2+=" 2000 VALORI ASSOLUTI

Sistemazione parchi, giardini e aiuole Altri servizi Totale attivitĂ servizi connessi

806.225

19,0

3.432.345

81,0

4.238.569 100,0

2008 VALORI ASSOLUTI

1.289.763

24,3

4.008.372

75,7

5.298.135 100,0

2009 VALORI ASSOLUTI

VARIAZIONE % 2009/08

1.260.403

23,8

-2,28

4.042.397

76,2

0,85

5.302.800 100,0

0,09

Tab 2.13. Valore della produzione dei servizi di sistemazione parchi, giardini aiuole (migliaia di euro correnti) Fonte: rielaborazioni su dati Istat

0+--7!//)" '/" 5$+32')/+" '-" ,!-)%+" &+'" 3+%,':'" &'" 3'32+1!:')/+" 4!%#6';" 8'!%< &'/'" +" !'$)-+" 6!" 3$4+%!2)" '-" 1'-'!%&)" +" CDF" 1'-')/'" &'" +$%);" #)/" $/" &+< #%+1+/2)" &'" #'%#!" '-" &$+" 4+%" #+/2)" %'34+22)" !--7!//)" 4%+#+&+/2+=" " N'" 2%!22!" ),,'!1+/2+" &'" $/" &+#%+1+/2)" #6+" !44!%+" 1)-2)" -'1'2!2)" #)11'< VXUDWR DOOD FDGXWD FRPSOHVVLYD GHOOÂˇLQWHUD SURGX]LRQH DJULFROD %'#6'!1!2!" '/" 4%+#+&+/:!=" _+-" %+32)" -!" GA!22$2!" &7!%%+32)J" %'-+,!2!" /+-" VL LQTXDGUD FRPXQTXH QHOOÂˇDPELWR GL XQD FUHVFLWD VLJQLĂ&#x20AC;FDWLYD UHD< OL]]DWDVL D SDUWLUH GDOOÂˇLQL]LR GHO GHFHQQLR HG HYLGHQ]LDWD QHOOD Ă&#x20AC;JXUD

1 In realtĂ per comoditĂ di calcolo nella tabella 3.12 viene utilizzata la formula Qi = Si/ S/ Ai/A del tutto equivalente.

La situazione italiana

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M +F;=679>46D;( ?;4( J365;<<4( ?4( 3;267:K;D8:>46D;( D;7( 56D8;<86( 48:74:D6 Fig. 2.2 Sistemazione parchi e giardini ed â&#x20AC;&#x153;altriâ&#x20AC;? servizi connessi, andamento 2000-2009 (000 euro correnti) Fonte: rielaborazioni su dati Istat

Gli scenari socio-economici

MOG( !3;K;<<:(

Quadro normativo nazionale

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Quadro normativo nazionale

Evoluzione dei processi di regolamentazione

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2 Come risulterĂ chiaro piĂš avanti la deroga alla normativa in questione riguarda la procedura di scelta del contraente e non ovviamente il possesso dei requisiti tecnico-organizzativi. 3 Tale interesse si coglie nella crescita dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;attenzione sia nei confronti della salute dei boschi (incendi boschivi, attacchi parassitari, etc.), sia relativamente alla gestione idrogeologica delle aree montane (anche come prevenzione dei rischi di valle) sia rispetto alle ricadute positive che una buona gestione del territorio montano puĂ˛ generare sullâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;economia e sullâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;occupazione delle aree piĂš marginali. 4 Gli stessi operatori della filiera esprimono esigenze di rinnovamento che permettano di far fronte a crescenti problemi di concorrenza da parte di imprese che operano in maniera irregolare e senza le competenze necessarie allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;adeguato svolgimento delle operazioni di gestione dei territori bosco-montani. 5 Il citato articolo, inoltre, richiama al comma 2, la â&#x20AC;&#x153;legge della Montagnaâ&#x20AC;? prevedendo che le norme per lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;affidamento e la gestione dei lavori in ambito forestale siano estese anche ai soggetti iscritti a tali albi.

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@B Regolamentazione regionale e territoriale

Evoluzione dei processi di regolamentazione

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@E Regolamentazione regionale e territoriale

!8%'#)-+"+;"'/"!-2%';"!-A'"&'"'14%+3+"!8%)<9)%+32!-'")"&'"'14%+3+"1!%#!2!1+/2+" &'"2'4)"9)%+32!-+="R$%"'/"$/"5$!&%)"#6+"2+32'1)/'!"-!",)-)/2B"&'"#)'/,)-8+%+" '/" 1!/'+%!" !22',!" -+" '14%+3+;" 3'/8)-+" )" !33)#'!2+" a" &!" 5$+--+" 4'M" G#-!33'#!1+/2+J" !8%'#)-+" !" 5$+--+" 4'M" 32%+22!1+/2+" -+8!2+" !-" 1)/&)" &+'" -!,)%'" 9)%+32!-'" a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a" &!" %+4-'#!%+" '/" 2$22'" '" #)/2+32'" 2+%%'2)%'!-';" !/#6+" 3+" @" #+%2!1+/2+" 4)33'A'-+" '34'%!%3'" !&" !-#$/+" +34+%'+/:+" &'" 3$##+33);" );" #)1+" 3'" $3!" &'%+" /+-" -'/8$!88')" &+--)" 3,'-$44)" -)#!-+;" =-45( :$"35%3-4" a" +" 4+%2!/2)" -!" 2%!22!:')/+" 9!%B" %'9+%'1+/2)" !--+" 2%+" 2'< 4)-)8'+" &'" '14)32!:')/'" #'2!2+" #6+;" !--)" 32!2);" !44!')/)" 5$+--+" 4+%3+8$'2+?" 5$+--!" &+8-'" !-A'" !8%)<9)%+32!-';" 5$+--!" &+8-'" !-A'" &'" '14%+3+" !8%'#)-+" +" 5$+--!" &+8-'" !-A'" 4'M" 1!%#!2!1+/2+" 9)%+32!-'=

7 Molto sinteticamente, oltre alle informazioni anagrafiche (ragione sociale , sede e rappresentante legale, iscrizione alla CCIAA, P.I., C.F., responsabile della sicurezza, etc.), alla qualifica di IAP, ed ai requisiti di qualificazione (art. 17 DPR 34/2000) occorre specificare la percentuale del fatturato degli ultimi cinque anni derivante da lavori agricolo-forestali, il personale assunto a tempo indeterminato ai sensi del C.C.N.L. per tali lavori, il numero globale di giornate dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;eventuale personale assunto a tempo determinato dichiarate negli ultimi 5 anni sempre per tali lavori, lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;elenco dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;attrezzatura forestale e dei dispositivi di protezione individuale in possesso e conformitĂ della stessa alle norme vigenti in materia costruttiva e di emissioni ed infine la qualitĂ e quantitĂ delle infrazioni commesse negli ultimi 5 anni in materia agricolo-forestale, idrogeologica, paesistica ed ambientale.

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SG Regolamentazione regionale e territoriale

Evoluzione dei processi di regolamentazione

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11 Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;iscrizione allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Albo ha validitĂ quinquennale, ma puĂ˛ essere aggiornata periodicamente dalla ComunitĂ Montana in base a ulteriori richieste dâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;iscrizione. Inoltre ogni singola impresa iscritta potrĂ chiedere lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;aggiornamento della propria scheda in presenza di variazioni rispetto ai requisiti dichiarati. Lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;impresa al momento dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;iscrizione si impegna a richiedere tempestivamente la cancellazione dallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;Albo qualora vengano a mancare i requisiti minimi tali da non consentire lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;esecuzione dei lavori

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SM Regolamentazione regionale e territoriale

Evoluzione dei processi di regolamentazione

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13 Per la realizzazione delle attivitĂ affidate Ă¨ consentito lâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;eventuale noleggio di mezzi, che Ă¨ subordinato a specifica autorizzazione del committente e non puĂ˛ superare il 20% dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;importo contrattuale

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S@ Regolamentazione regionale e territoriale

Evoluzione dei processi di regolamentazione

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15 Il ricorso ad una definizione cosĂŹ ampia di impresa forestale Ă¨ stato necessario, secondo diversi osservatori, sia per compensare le carenze relative alla definizione di impresa forestale prima illustrate, che per favorire quanto piĂš possibile una crescita organica di tutto il settore.

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SB Regolamentazione regionale e territoriale

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SE Regolamentazione e dinamiche socio-economiche

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Processi di diffusione territoriale

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Fig. 4.2 Importi degli incarichi affidati per la manutenzione del territorio in funzione degli Enti committenti Fonte: rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette

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Fig. 4.1 Numero di incarichi ripartiti in funzione degli enti committenti Fonte: rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette

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Fig. 4.3 Incidenza percentuale delle diverse tipologie di lavori Fonte: nostra rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette

Albi agro-forestali

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Fig. 4.4 Incidenza percentuale degli importi delle diverse tipologie di lavori Fonte: rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette

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Albi servizi verdi

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Fig. 4.5 Categorie di servizi offerti dalle imprese iscritte allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;albo di Reggio Emilia Fonte: nostra rielaborazione su informazioni Albo

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Fig. 4.6 Tipi di imprese iscritte allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;albo di Bologna Fonte: rielaborazione su informazioni Albo

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Fig. 4.8 Emilia Romagna â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Caso aziendale 1: tipologia di clienti delle attivitĂ di servizio Fonte: nostra rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette

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Fig. 4.9 Emilia Romagna â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Caso aziendale 1: localizzazione della clientela Fonte: rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette Fig. 4.7 Emilia Romagna â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Caso aziendale 1: incidenza delle diverse tipologie di sevizi sul totale Fonte: rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette

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Fig. 4.12 Emilia Romagna â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Caso aziendale 2: localizzazione della clientela Fonte: rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette

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Fig. 4.10 Emilia Romagna â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Caso aziendale 2: Incidenza delle diverse tipologie di sevizi sul totale Fonte: rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette

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Fig. 4.13 Emilia Romagna â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Caso aziendale 3: Incidenza delle diverse attivitĂ sulla Produzione Lorda Vendibile Fonte: rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette

Fig. 4.11 Emilia Romagna â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Caso aziendale 2: tipologia di clienti delle attivitĂ di servizio Fonte: rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette

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Fig. 4.16 Le informazioni presenti nellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;albo delle imprese agricole qualificate della ComunitĂ Valle Brembana Fonte: sito della ComunitĂ

Processi di diffusione territoriale

Fig. 4.15. Emilia Romagna â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Caso aziendale 3: tipologia di clienti delle attivitĂ di servizio Fonte: rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette

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Fig. 4.14 Emilia Romagna â&#x20AC;&#x201C; Caso aziendale 3: Incidenza delle diverse tipologie di sevizi sul totale Fonte: rielaborazione su rilevazioni dirette

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Fig. 4.19 Categorie di servizi offerti dalle imprese iscritte allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;albo della ComunitĂ Montana Valtellina di Sondrio Fonte: rielaborazione su informazioni Albo

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Fig. 5.17 Categorie di servizi offerti dalle imprese iscritte allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;albo della ComunitĂ Montana Valle Brembana Fonte: rielaborazione su informazioni Albo

Fig. 4.18 Tipologie di imprese iscritte allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;albo della ComunitĂ Montana Valle Brembana Fonte: nostra rielaborazione su informazioni Albo

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QE Fig. 4.20 Tipologie di imprese iscritte allâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;albo della ComunitĂ Valtellina di Sondrio Fonte: rielaborazione su informazioni Albo

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dellâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;interesse suscitato dallâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;iniziativa, si puĂ˛ citare il fatto che il sito web del Comune registra al 2010 oltre cinquanta download della modulistica necessaria per avanzare istanza di iscrizione.

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Quaderni Nemeton

Nella stessa collana: QN1 – High Green Tech Symposium 2009, atti del Convegno QN2 – Quanto valgo? di Mirco Tugnoli

sistemi editorial i

€ 12,00 QN3

QN3

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