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THESIS STATEMENT: Disaster relief design solutions can address the short term or immediate necessities of the affected while simultaneously “curing” or preparing for the future. The nation of Haiti is composed of different environmental conditions which help inform different living conditions and generate zones of module communities. The module community: The implementation of such communities will allow those who reside in them the ability to live, work, and enrich the future of Haiti simultaneously. The extreme deforestation situation in Haiti has been directly caused from the need for energy. Haitians rely on Coal as their only source of energy. To obtain this coal they must chop down their trees. The reclaiming and reforestation of Haiti will only be made possible if alternate renewable energy resources are introduced. The current lack of energy promotes the deterioration of Haiti’s much needed forests due to the lack of other options. Educating the residents of such communities is the most important element of this proposal because it will allow the residents to take ownership and understand every phase of their progress. The country of Haiti is currently “broken” not only due the damage caused by the recent earthquake but mainly the damage caused by its own residents. The country of Haiti can reclaim and rebuild their land and once again. Eliminating the need to “only live for today” and reestablishing the country’s farming economy to one that goes beyond the current subsistence farming to one that is able to produce surplus goods and help boost the economy of the nation.
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Deforestation statistics to Reforestation Plan
1910
2010
2110 (GOAL)
Why Resforest? The removal of topsoil has made the land more prone to land slides, these landslides have weakened haiti’s farming economy as well as fishing by polluting the islands shores..weakening Haitis’ infrastructure
Original Position
Trees Protect Top soil and prevent mudslides
Moving Mass
SUMMARY: To eliminate dependency on port au prince (travel), and the NEED to cut trees for fuel, LOCAL means of Sustainable living must be implemented. Re forestation of the land will help HEAL the land damage and will allow new construction to be less Susteptible to natural disaster (like earthquake) 3
PROBLEM: The charcoal market Used as fuel and main source for cooking
Charcoal from Burning trees +
=
33%
Road Transport Sea Transport
15%
1%
3%
Port Au Prince
36%
3%
9%
Source of charcoal and Transportation Routes for the Pot-Au Prince Market
Gatherers
Transporter
Wood Distribution System to Port Au Prince Market Commercial Users
Wholesaler
Self Transport
Retailers
Commercial Users 4
HUNGER,ECONOMY
POVERTY LINE
55 % of (9 million) live below the poverty line of US$1 a day
3 Million
( out of 9 Million)
Only 50% of Population has access to safe drinking water.
=Food insecure (need assistance to stave off hunger)
Existing
Goal
SUMMARY: Food production must become of everyday life; every haitian resident should have access to clean water, new “economy boosters” need to be introduced
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DESIGN CONSTITUENTS
SOCIAL FABRIC OF HAITIAN HOUSEHOLD
Single
Couple
MALE
Population pyramid 2010
3,4 occupants
5+ occupants
FEMALE
Population pyramid 2050
Summary: Throughout the 40-50 year course the majority of the population will be composed of youths under the age of 30 any new development must target this age group, (with great focus on schools). Any residential development must target the different household compositions from single occupancy to up to 5 people. 6
PUBLIC/PRIVATE SCHOOL STRUCTURE
PRIMARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
SECONDARY SCHOOL ENROLLMENT
COLLEGE
$
$
Plan For Education Reform: Local------>National Education exchange Network Education should be local, Students must be educated on their direct environments and how to live within them. The exchange network allows for students to learn different trades (fishing or farming) while learning to value the country as a whole
Agrarian Module Student
=
Fishing Module Student
Urban Module Student
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EDUCATION MAIN FACTOR FOR DECREASE IN SCHOOL ENROLLMENT: =GOVERNMENT FUNDING
$ = INCOME = PARENTAL PRESENCE = EXTERIOR RESPONSIBILITY (WORK, FAMILY ETC...) = SUPPLIES = LACK OF QUALIFIED INSTRUCTORS = SCHOOL PROXIMITY =1% Private School enrollment =1% Public School Enrollment
Summary: the existing school structure contains 90% private schooling and 10% public. The lack of resources cause a rapid drop in enrollment.
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POPULATION DISTRIBUTION
Current Popultation Concentration
Re distribution Goal
DECENTRALIZATION PLAN
Orange Spheres represent concentration of population in Haiti
CURRENT DENSITY OF TEMP. RELIEF SHELTER
REDISTRIBUTION PLAN
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10
MODERATE
STRONG
VERY STRONG
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6
7
Commune population: 373,916
40-50% destroyed
Commune population: 25,947
50-60% destroyed Commune population: 137,966
LÉOGÂNE*
80-90% destroyed Commune population: 134,190 Commune population: 117,504
JACMEL*
PORT-AU-PRINCE
NORTH 13,531
PETIT GOÂVE* 15% destroyed
NIPPES 33,351
ARTIBONITE 162,509
NORTHWEST 45,862
POST EARTHQUAKE DISPLACEMENT
SOUTH 88,533
CARREFOUR* 40-50% destroyed
GRESSIER*
EXTREME
VIOLENT
9
10^
SEVERE
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GRANDE ANSE 119,871
LIGHT
4
ESTIMATED INTENSITY
3,000,000 affected
1,200,000 to 1,290,000 displaced
196,595 injured
230,000 killed
HAITI EARTHQUAKE
0
0 10
WEST 32,253
CENTER 90,997
10 20
30 km
20 mi
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC Unconfirmed Numbers
Commune population: 704,776 Metro area population estimate: Over 2,000,000
PORT-AU-PRINCE
NORTHEAST 8,500
DOMINICAN REPUBLIC
TRANSITION FROM TEMPORARY TO PERMANENT HOUSING
(Current)
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Current Condition
Safer Joints Sturdy Frame
(Health) Immediate Need
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REZONING HAITI In order develop a long term plan for Haiti; we must first understand the environmental conditions that are locally unique to the different areas within Haiti. The following diagrams show a study of the existing environmental conditions which will help to diagnose areas of needed development and better inform future design solutions. This analysis helped develop the plan for Rezoning
ENVIRONMENTAL CONTRAINTS
PRECIPITATION DIAGRAM
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ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS
ARABLE LAND
LENGTH OF GROWING PERIOD
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REZONING HAITI To help heal the damage that has been caused through natural and unnatural disaster, the country has been divided into zones that disregard political boundaries, and reflect specific environmental conditions that need to be addressed by local design solutions. Each zone will have a model for living; modules that are specific and essential to healing the land.
SELECTED PROPOSAL 15
RELOCATING
Relocating the country’s capital to a more environmentally safe location keeping in mind the country’s history.
NEIGHBOR COMMUNITIES After the 2010 7.0 Mw magnitude earthquake, Haitians were forced to relocate due to the destruction caused to the infrastructure. Port au Prince is an unsafe place to reside in. The following diagrams show possible solutions for resetlement.
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17
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HEALING ZONES
The 7 country-wide Healing Zones can be narrowed to 3 categories Urban, Fishing, and Agrarian
The new population distribution, consisting of 9 Million Residents, Following a plan to decentralize:
Built Environment: 25%
Farm: 25%
Land Prep/ Reforestation 50% AGRARIAN MODULE
Land Prep/ Reforestation 10%
Built Environment: 75% Farm: 15%
URBAN MODULE
Built Environment: 50% Land Prep/ Reforestation 25%
Farm: 25%
FISHING MODULE
3 Million Residents
4 Million Residents
2 Million Residents
Example Zone: ZONES 2,3,4
Example Zone: ZONE 6
Example Zone: ZONE 5
Each module will consist of 500 People resulting in 8,000 Agrarian Modules within this Zone
Module: 2,000 People 1,000 Urban Modules within this Zone
Module: 500 People (6,000 Fishing Modules) within this Zone
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Modular Development and Phasing
The 3 elements of design include FORESTATION, EDUCATION & BUILT ENVIRONMENT the interaction between the three is illustrated in the following diagram. in the latter phases of development the elements of design will work in conjuction to one another to the point where they become a single element. This diagram also shows when funding will be needed and when an economic turnaround could be expected.
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AGRARIAN MODULE
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MASTERPLAN
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Agrarian Module: 2010: Description: Emergency relief Shelter, Land Preparation. |Population: 200|
Agrarian Module: 2020: Description: Farming and community buildings Population: 500
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Agrarian Module: 2030: Description: Expansion of Farm and Forest Population: 600
Agrarian Module: 2060: Description: Forestation, Farming and built area to full capacity Population: 1,000
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4 family home 10' 10' 5 Plants 5 Plants 15' 3 Poles 5 Plants 10' 5 Plants 5 Plants
15'
2 hills 10' 5 Plants 10' 5' 10' 3 Plants 5' 2 Hills 5 Plants 10'
Asparagus Beets Broccoli Brussel Sprouts Beans, Bush Beans, Pole Cabbage Carrots Cauliflower Chard
Corn
Cucumbers Greens Kale Lettuce, Leaf Onions Peas Peppers Radishes Squash, Summer Tomatos Turnips
Farm Space Calculations
10 Hills 50' 25 Plants 50' 25' 50' 15 Plants 25' 10 Hills 25 Plants 50'
75'
Group 50' 50' 25 Plants 25 Plants 75' 15 Poles 25 Plants 50' 25 Plants 25 Plants
30 Hills 150' 75 Plants 150' 75' 150' 45 Plants 75' 30 Hills 75 Plants 150'
225'
Cluster 150' 150' 75 Plants 75 Plants 225' 45 Poles 75 Plants 150' 75 Plants 75 Plants
60 Hills 300' 150 Plants 300' 150' 300' 90 Plants 150' 60 Hills 150 Plants 300'
450'
Shared by 2 clusters 300' 300' 150 Plants 150 Plants 450' 90 Poles 150 Plants 300' 150 Plants 150 Plants
80 Hills 400' 200 Plants 400' 200' 400' 100 Plants 200' 80 Hills 200 Plants 400'
500'
Surplus 400' 400' 200 Plants 200 Plants 500' 100 Poles 200 Plants 400' 200 Plants 200 Plants
Spring and Fall Crop Re-Grows after Harvesting Outer Leaves Succession Plant and Multiple Varieties Single Planting Spring and Fall Crop Single Planting Succession Plant Single Planting Succession, Spring and Fall Single Planting Succession Plant Single Planting, Multiple Varieties Single Planting, Multiple Varieties Spring and Fall Crop
Perennial Spring and Fall Crop Cool Season Crop Cool Season Crop Succession Plant Single Planting Spring and Fall Crop
Succession Plant
FARMING
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FARMING METHOD
TURNIPS
RADISHES
BEATS
ONIONS
SUMMER SQUASH
GREENS
BUSH BEANS
ONIONS
ONIONS
CAULIFLOWER
TOMATO
LETTUCE
KALE
PEAS
PEPPER
ASPARAGUS
POLE BEANS
BROCCOLI
CUCUMBER
CARROTS
CORN
SURPLUS 26
STRUCTURE -Structural system composed of 2 independent elements, (primary and secondary structure) -The system varies/ manifests itself within the 3 different design components; residential clusters, public community elements and private community elements. -Each structural element must follow the guidelines of ADAPTABILITY, EASE OF CONSTRUCTION, AFFORDABILITY AND SEISMIC RESISTANCE. STRUCTURE VARIATION:
APPLICATION: RESIDENTIAL CLUSTER
APPLICATION: PUBLIC COMMUNITY ELEMENTS (EX: SCHOOL)
APPLICATION: PRIVATE COMMUNITY ELEMENTS (EX:BATHROOMS)
TYPICAL CLUSTER CONSTRUCTION STRUCTURAL GRID/ BASE ISOLATION BEARING LAYOUT
BEAMS/ JOISTS/ FLOOR SLAB
COLUMNS/ PARTITION ORGANIZERS
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CONSTRUCTION DETAIL
INFILL- LOCAL RECLAIMED MATERIALS COLUMN 1'-6"X 8' WALL ( SPACED 3’6” APART ) EX AND IN FOR INFILL WALLS CREATE 6" SLOT
Double 4x6 Plywood
GUTTERS FOR WATER COLLECTION SYSTEM
2x6 Rafters
2x6 Rafters ISOLATION BEARING (MATERIAL- USED TIRE)
PARTITIONS/ PRIMARY ROOF
SECONDARY STRUCTURE
SECONDARY ROOF
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EASE OF CONSTRUCTION Structures are made from local materials and community members are educated and trained in simple building methods. This method creates jobs for the community members.
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= 12
11
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
+
=
1 30
Environment anf Infrastructure
Bamboo
CATCHMENT AREA
COVERED STORAGE RESEVOIR
OUTLET TAP
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WATER COLLECTION
West Water Harvesting East Water Harvesting
Water Collection
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WASTE MANAGEMENT
Water Collection/ Pump
Community Showers
Bath Element 1/8”=1’-0”
Composting Toilet
ENERGY
<---50 MW Capacity NEED TO GENERATE 1,000 Kwh PER GROUP
VOLTAGE REGULATOR
BATTERY
INVERTER
Site provides a great potential for wind generated energy:
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SUN STUDIES March
September
June
December
March
September
June
December
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WIND/ CROSS VENTILATION
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PLAN: 1/32”=1’-0”
GROUND TEMPERATURE (MONTHLY AVERAGE)
SECTION: NTS
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Structures are organized in groupings. a single unit of living is is and forms a group (grouping of units) These groups begin to form shared public spaces by being arranged in clusters. Clusters eventually share community buildings. UNIT --> GROUP --> CLUSTER --> COMMUNITY
Residential Unit
BR
BR LR
LR
LR
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Community Buildings
Cluster Plant Nursery
Distribution Center
Clininc/ Senior Center
RECEPT ON
OFFICE
OFFICE
OFFICE
ADMINISTRATION
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
PLAYGROUND
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM C ASSROOM
CLASSROOM
CLASSROOM
CLASSRO
CAFETERIA
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PROGRAM TIME DISTRIBUTION Sunrise Program:
Function
Distribution Center
Vital During early phases of design
Residential Units
Transition living
Elementary School
Early Childhood Education
Middle/High School
Environmental Focus
Sq. Footage
Usage:
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6
Sunset 7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
1
2
3
4
Orphanage Farm
Subsistence/ Generate surplus
Plant Nursery
Reforrest land
Park
Recreation
Community Center
Recreation/ socialization
Senior Center Administration
Order/communications
Clinic
Health
Market Place
Part of Haitian Vernacular/ Business
Day Care, KinderGarden,1&2nd grades 3, 4, 5th Grade 6-9th grades 10/12th Grades Adults 18-55 Senior Citizens International Occupancy
Family Unit
TYPICAL GROUP
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GROUP
CLUSTER
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mS
mS
mS
mS
mS
mS
mS
mS
nn d od
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ee
gg d ea
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a ed be
nn d u
r ce
ann d u
a d d
a ed od
mS mS
mS
d d
and u
c oo S pp e
nn d ood
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c o S pp e
l Sh s u l
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hn
o
g
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m
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g m
L
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AL
m
L
m
A
DISTRIBUTION CENTER: SECTION
DISTRIBUTION CENTER: ELEVATION
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43
PUBLIC SPACES SECTION
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45
FARM RELATIONSHIP 46
47
RESIDENTIAL CLUSTER 48
PROJECT MODELS
Models investigating 3 scales of project; structural (detailed) cluster relationships and full site community
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