Gr 12-Agricultural Management Practices-Facilitator's Guide by Impaq

Í2,È-E-AMP-FG01VÎ

AGRICULTURAL MANAGEMENT PRACTICES FACILITATOR’S GUIDE Grade 12

A member of the FUTURELEARN group

Agricultural Management Practices Facilitator’s guide

1812-E-AMP-FG01

Í2,È-E-AMP-FG01VÎ

Grade 12

CAPS aligned

JC Zandberg

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

CONTENTS LESSON ELEMENTS ............................................................................................................ 3 PREFACE ............................................................................................................................. 5 HOW TO ASSESS THE CANDIDATES................................................................................... 7 ASSESSMENT ...................................................................................................................... 7 STUDY TIPS AND METHODS ............................................................................................... 8 WORK SCHEDULE/TIME ...................................................................................................... 8 2018 YEAR PLAN ................................................................................................................. 9 UNIT 1: Farm planning ...................................................................................................... 11 Lesson 1: FARM PLANNING – SOIL, CAMPS AND CONTOURS ACTIVITY 1.1: MEMORANDUM

11 11

Lesson 2: FARM PLANNING – RESOURCE USE ACTIVITY 1.2: MEMORANDUM Lesson 3: FARM PLANNING: PRECISION FARMING AND MECHANISATION ACTIVITY 1.3: MEMORANDUM

12 12 13 13

Lesson 4: FARM PLANNING: ECONOMIC PLANNING ACTIVITY 1.4: MEMORANDUM

15 15

Lesson 5: FARM PLANNING – ECONOMY

ACTIVITY 1.5: MEMORANDUM

Lesson 6: FARM PLANNING – LABOUR

ACTIVITY 1.6 MEMORANDUM

Lesson 7: FARM PLANNING – IMPLEMENTS ACTIVITY 1.7 MEMORANDUM

19 19

Lesson 8: RECORDS

ACTIVITY 1.8 MEMORANDUM

Lesson 9: RECORDS

ACTIVITY 1.9 MEMORANDUM

Lesson 10: RECORDING DATA

ACTIVITY 1.10 MEMORANDUM

UNIT 2: Crop management aspects .................................................................................. 23 Lesson 11: PRODUCT HARVESTING AND QUALITY CONTROL ACTIVITY 2.1: MEMORANDUM

Lesson 12 MARKETING

ACTIVITY 2.2: MEMORANDUM

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

Lesson 13: ROLE OF PRODUCER ORGANISATIONS ACTIVITY 2.3: MEMORANDUM

25 25

Lesson 14: VALUE ADDING

ACTIVITY 2.4: MEMORANDUM

Lesson 15: PROCESSING

ACTIVITY 2.5: MEMORANDUM

Lesson 16: PACKING AND DISTRIBUTION

ACTIVITY 2.6: MEMORANDUM

Lesson 17: MARKETING AND CONTROL

ACTIVITY 2.7: MEMORANDUM

UNIT 3: Business planning ................................................................................................ 33 Lesson 18: AGRITOURISM

ACTIVITY 3.1 MEMORANDUM

Lesson 19: BUSINESS PLANNING

ACTIVITY 3.2 MEMORANDUM

Lesson 20: BUSINESS PLANNING

ACTIVITY 3.3 MEMORANDUM

Lesson 21: ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ACTIVITY 3.4 MEMORANDUM

Lesson 22: ENTREPRENEURSHIP

ACTIVITY 3.5 MEMORANDUM

Lesson 23: FARM EVALUATION

ACTIVITY 3.6 MEMORANDUM

Lesson 24: MANAGEMENT

ACTIVITY 3.7 MEMORANDUM

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

2017 YEAR PLAN Grade 12 is a very short year. Although CAPS makes provision for 10 weeks per term, the Department of Basic Education’s school calendar for 2017 does not necessarily allow for this division. Candidates are advised to: 1. Start immediately with the next term’s work as soon as a term’s work has been completed. This will ensure enough time for thorough study and revision. 2. Make sure of subject matter to be completed each term in preparation of the term tests and examinations. UNIT

LESSON

DATE STARTED

TERM 1 1. Farm planning

Farm planning – Soil, camps and contours.

Farm planning – Resource use.

Farm planning – Precision farming and mechanisation.

Farm planning – Economy.

Farm planning – Labour.

Farm planning – Implements.

Recording.

Methods of recording.

10. Recording data.

2. Production management

11. Product harvesting and quality control. 12. Marketing.

TERM 2 13. Role of producer organisations. 14. Value adding. 15. Processing. 16. Packing and distribution. 17. Marketing and control.

3. Business planning

18. Agri-tourism. 19. Business planning. 20. Business planning.

DATE COMPLETED

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

UNIT

LESSON

DATE STARTED

TERM 3 21. Entrepreneurship. 22. Entrepreneurship 23. Farm valuation 24. Management.

DATE COMPLETED

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

Unit

UNIT 1: Farm planning Lesson 1: FARM PLANNING – SOIL, CAMPS AND CONTOURS ACTIVITY 1.1: MEMORANDUM

1. Determine the carrying capacity of the soil √ Possible yield of crop production √

(2)

2. FRACTION Very coarse sand

DIAMETER (mm) 10,0 – 2,0 √

Coarse sand

2,00 – 0,50 √

Medium sand

0,50 – 0,20 √

Fine sand

0,20 – 0,02 √

Very fine sand Silt Clay

0,02 – 0,002 √ Less than 0,002 √ (6)

Properties of sandy soil: The soil is usually well aired √ The soil cannot retain water √ The macropores cannot retain water √ Capillary water movements cannot take place √

(4)

At pH = 0 the medium is at its most acidic √√ At pH = 7 the medium is neutral √√ At pH = 14 the medium is extremely acidic √√

(6)

Colour of the soil √ Gradient √ Specific soil heat √ Evaporation √ Length of day √ Plant cover √ Soil depth √

(7)

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

Unit

Rotational grazing can be applied. √ Spare paddocks are available for times of need. √ Less labour is required, because livestock stay in paddocks. √ Less erosion is found, because livestock don’t stamp out trials. √ Animals are in a better condition because they can graze more composedly. √ Grazing is better controlled, deterioration of paddocks is quickly determined. √

(6)

Rotation grazing is performed to control the grazing of paddocks √ and the number of livestock √ as well as the engagement period. √ (3) Pasture rotation is determined by the kind of animals, √ the rainfall √ and nature of the veld. √ (3)

The veld must be able to recover. √ To keep the veld healthy. √ To retain palatable grasses √ To prevent harmful weeds from growing. √ To prevent increase of poor quality grass and shrubs. √ To ensure enough food. √

(6)

Creating contours on tilled soil increases production by improving moisture penetration. √ It is also beneficial to plant artificial grazing in rows along the contour. √ When grazing is regularly loosened to increase gas respiration √ and moisture penetration, √ each row will form a contour slope. √ Erosion is then minimised √ while the moisture penetrates the soil, which leads to optimal production. √ (7) TOTAL: 50

Lesson 2: FARM PLANNING – RESOURCE USE ACTIVITY 1.2:

MEMORANDUM

Agricultural capacity of the land Sensitivity of soil to change or total destruction Climate Correct management practices

(4)

Nutrients in soil are available Soil stores and releases water to plants Soil allows air movement Soil allows water filtration Soil serves as the medium in which plants grow

(5)

Soil fertility Infiltration tempo Water-carrying capacity Satisfied hedonic conductivity Internal drainage class Physical activities

(6) 12

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

Unit

Tempo of evaporation Distribution Reliability Soil condition and typography

(4)

Light Temperature Rain Wind Humidity

(5)

Inventories of assets Loan schedules Records of debtors Creditors Records of receivables Payments Transfer costs Cash book Income statement Balance sheet Income tax (any 6)

(6) TOTAL 30

Lesson 3: FARM PLANNING: PRECISION FARMING AND MECHANISATION ACTIVITY 1.3: MEMORANDUM

1.1

Precision farming √

(1)

1.2 Reduce costs to produce a product √ Reduce risks (injudicious application of chemicals) √√ More accurate crop yield estimation √ Collected information leads to: plant density √ fertilizer inputs √ other inputs are more accurately determined √

(7)

1.3 GPS GIS

(2)

1.4 Agronomic approach: √ Change in cultivation activity √ by the real needs of the crop to observe (improved fertilisation programme) √ (3)

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

Unit

Technical approach: √ Better time management at farm level √ Planning of agricultural activities √

(3)

Environmental approach: √ Reducing the impact of agriculture on the environment √ Improved estimation of nitrogen – needs and reduced water courses √

(3)

Economic approach: √ Increase in output Reduction in input √ Increase efficiency Lower costs in fertilisation through effective application √

(3)

1.5 Information is collected by GPS or GIS √ Crop-yield recording devices are installed in return harvester √ Data are regularly recorded and stored √ GIS software contact information to return cards √ Information is used √

(5)

1.6 Adjust the equipment applications scale required for the crop input √ Computer controller is integrated with the GIS database √ The database management: Scale and pace of instruction to the application equipment √ GPS receiver is connected to the computer √ Computer controller determines the position of the equipment on the map √ He reads the instructions of the GIS system √ He changes the scale of the crop input √ He keeps a record of the specific scales √ He keeps the information from the GIS system √

(9)

1.7 Soil type Weather conditions Climate Topography

(4)

1.8 To reduce production costs of crop inputs Savings in environmental costs Herbicide is applied only in areas where needed

(3)

1.9 Temporary remote sensors will improve. √ Research at universities focuses on soil and crop variables √ They measure the variables (weather patterns, crop changes etc.) √ Greater emphasis on technology transfer √ Decision support systems: space data will be processed and distributed to farmers and institutions through satellites √

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

Unit

Value will be added to farmers through sensor data √ Farmers’ needs will be addressed √

(7)

1.10 The correct row width The correct spacing between the seeds in a row Plant at the correct depth Place the correct amount of artificial fertiliser at the correct depth

(4)

1.11 Remove all maize seed from the cobs Do not break/damage the maize seeds Do not blow seeds out onto the field by means of a blower Harvest cleanly – no maize cobs may be left on the field

(4)

1.12

The employer must provide all equipment needed to complete work, as well as all systems according to which work must be completed, and maintain such in a manner that does not compromise or threaten the health and safety of his workers. √√√√ Before personal protective equipment is used, the employer must first try to remove or reduce any danger to the health and safety of his workers. √√√ Only when it is not practicable, personal protective equipment should be used. √ The employer must take measures to have his or her workers' health and safety protected against hazards that may result from the production, processing, use, handling, storage or transport of articles or substances, in other words, anything that workers may come into contact with at work. √√√√ (12) TOTAL: 70

Lesson 4: FARM PLANNING: ECONOMIC PLANNING ACTIVITY 1.4: MEMORANDUM

1. A budget is a written plan for future actions, √ expressed in physical and financial terms. √ A budget is also the forecasting √ of a business or entity’s √ prospective income and expenses over a specific future period . √ (5) 2. Purposeful planning in the farming system √ Comparing different plans with one another √ To decide how, where and when to invest (capital investment) √ Planning cash flow in order to obtain credit facilities in advance √ 3. Define the design (purpose, application, horizon, interval and frequency) √√ Determine the format (layout) of the budget √√

(4)

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

Unit

Define the production process in terms of all the activities involved √√ Classify the activities for labour, mechanisation, material, biological or financial √√ The following has to be determined for each of the above activities: o When it takes place √ o Duration and repetition √ o Who is involved and what is used √ Compile an activity chart to record this information √ Identify the products and yields per budget segment √ Identify the inputs and terms of the activities and determine their application as per budget segment √√ Set the prices of inputs and outputs, as well as any other external factors that can play a role. √√ Do the necessary calculations; specify all assumptions, norms and parameterise. √√√ (20) 4.1

January R6000-00 R3000-00 R1800-00 R1263-00 R2600-00 R14663 – 00 √

July

February R4950-00 R2700-00 R2600-00 R500-00 R6240-00 R670-00 R3750-00 R24410-00 x R21410-00 √

August

R9000-00 R6500-00 R3000-00 R2400-00 R4000-00 R2000-00 R2500-00 R 600-00 R1600-00 R4500-00 R2000-00 R1500-00 R22100-00 √ R17500-00√

4.2

March

May

June

R4800-00 R1650-00 R3800-00 R2600-00 R500-00 R1200-00 R14550-00 √

R8000-00 R3420-00 R8700-00 R5200-00 R750-00 R4500-00 R3200-00 R7800-00 R42370-00x R41570-00√

R6000-00 R2400-00 R4500-00 R3000-00 R750-00 R600-00 R3200-00 R14450-00√

September

October

November

R7000-00 R2500-00 R3200-00 R1500-00 R 750-00 R4000-00 R18950-00√

R5500-00 R4000-00 2700-00 R1800-00 3500-00 R3200-00 R500-00 R1000-00 R2500-00 R 500-00 R1300-00 R10500-00√ R1500-00 R15500-00x R17500-00 √

R1745-00 R1500-00 R250-00 R3100-00 R6595-00 √

April

R14633-00 R21410-00 R6595-00 R14550-00 R41570-00 R14450-00 R22100-00 R17500-00 R18950-00 16

December R4200-00 R2000-00 R1900-00 R 600-00 R 500-00 R1000-00 R10200-00√

(12)

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

Unit

R17500-00 R10500-00 R10200-00 R209958-00 √√√

(3)

R15-75 / kg (R14-75 + R1-00 profit sharing) √

4.3

R14-75 x 45 000 kg = R663 750-00 √√ profit sharing = R45 000-00 √√ = R708750-00 √√ 4.4

(7)

Income = R70 8750-00 -R209 958-00 =R498 792-00 √√ He shows a net profit of R498 792-00 for the year. √ The business is viable. √

(4) TOTAL: 55

Lesson 5: FARM PLANNING – ECONOMY ACTIVITY 1.5: MEMORANDUM 1. It shows all income, √ such as trade income, √ capital income √ and non-farming income √ as well as all expenditure √ such as trade expenditure, √ capital expenditure, √ debt payments and non-farming expenditure. (9) 2. Current assets/liabilities – All assets that will be fully utilised √ during the course of one year √ or liabilities that will be realised √ within 12 months, e.g. fertiliser.√ Non-current assets/liabilities – Assets with an expected lifespan √ of more than one year, √ and which is not directly used or involved √ in production, e.g. property. √ (8) 3.1 3.2 4.

Net cash flow – is the difference between takings √ and payments √ in a specified period.√ (3) Turnover – the total gross production value √ for an accounting period.√ (2) It shows how a farmer generates an income √ and which expenses are incurred √ and what other items money is being spent on. √ (3) TOTAL: 25

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

Unit

Lesson 6: FARM PLANNING – LABOUR ACTIVITY 1.6 MEMORANDUM 1. A physical trade √ A farm with various activities on it √ Handling of animals √ Inoculation √ Erecting camps √ Maintenance √ Various veterinary activities √ (any 5)

2. Staff appointment √ Staff allocation √ Remuneration √ Disciplinary action √ Training √ Dismissal √ Motivation √

(any 5)

3. Working hours √ Work description √ Different types of leave √ Total amount of leave √ Salary √ Fringe benefits √ Extended working hours and overtime √ Achievement recognition √

(any 4)

4.2.1 The Labour Relations Act, Act No 66 of 1996 √ 4.3.2 The Occupational Health and Safety Act, (Act 85 of 1993) √ 4.3.3 overall √ boots √ helmet/hat √ gloves √ goggles √ apron √

(1) (1)

(any 4) TOTAL: 20

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

Unit

Lesson 7: FARM PLANNING – IMPLEMENTS ACTIVITY 1.7 MEMORANDUM 1. Has the candidate identified the crop he/she is going to cultivate? √

(1)

2. Has he/she obtained a price for a new implement? √

(1)

3. Has he/she obtained a price for a used implement? √

(1)

4. Which option did the candidate choose? √

(1)

5. Did the candidate motivate his/her choice well? √√√√√√

(5) TOTAL 10

Lesson 8: RECORDS ACTIVITY 1.8 MEMORANDUM 1. It should be usable √ The user should have the knowledge and insight to collect the right information and to apply it correctly √ The record-keeping system should be designed according to and comply with the farm’s specific requirements √ The system should be simple and easy to use; and √ Information should be readily available to assist in decision-making √ (5) 2.

According to climate experts, farms are going to be exposed to more and more extreme weather patterns in future. √ Heat, droughts, floods, √√ as well as storms are going to be more intense. √ There will therefore be more hail storms, stronger winds, etc. √ All these phenomena will expose plants to increased tension. √ (6)

3. Vacancy in which appointed √ Task list √ Payment √ Leave registers √ Perks, etc. √ Daily attendance register √

(6)

4. Size of the land √ Fixed improvements, e.g. house, storerooms, pens, boreholes, etc. √√ Vehicles and machinery √ Number of different livestock √ Production means such as seed, fertiliser, fuel, toxins, etc. √√

(7)

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

Unit

5. Know your farm’s total cost structure, not only the cost of production. √ Calculate your break-even points for the various farming diversifications and as a whole. √√ Keep regular notes. √ Know your soil’s potential and what can be yielded in the long term. √ Keep notes of your best and worst yields, in good as well as dry years. √ Plan how much capital the farm can carry without negatively affecting cash flow. √ Merely increasing prices will not increase your profit margins. √ Investigate cost and production management and meticulously keep notes. √ Your farm’s circumstances are unique. Manage your business as such and don’t expect instant solutions. √ Regularly update your records. √ (9) TOTAL: 35 Lesson 9: RECORDS ACTIVITY 1.9 MEMORANDUM 1. The advantages of such a system are that the farmer saves time √ by not being concerned with capturing data, √ regularly being assisted in interpreting results, √ being able to compare his results with those of other farmers √ and that no capital is invested in expensive equipment or software √ (although the running participation costs may be high). The disadvantages are that the farmer is less involved with the processing of his information √ (can’t identify possible problems in time), √ information and results are not available immediately, √ he has no choice regarding the format or type of exports √ and he is contractually bound for a relatively long period. √ (10) 2. The choice of system will depend on: the farmer’s needs √ the type of farming √ the farmer’s knowledge and training √ reliability and maintenance √ fixed costs √

(5)

3. The farmer should ensure that all data be kept up to date √ Training is essential √ Data capturing is time-consuming √ It can only be operated by an educated individual √ Expansion or adjustment is always a possibility √ Technological advancements in electronic data processing lead to quick changes. √

(6)

Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Agricultural Management Practices

Unit

As with any management function, this entails: Planning √ Organising √ Assigning tasks √ Coordination √ Control √ It should be decided: which data to collect √ which method to use √ collection points √ which format to use √ by whom and how frequently √ The following should also be decided on: format √ content √ frequency of exports √

(13)

Make use of computer technology. √ There are various software packages available to aid producers with record keeping. √ Should you be using a bookkeeper, request a report to control purchases. √ Use this updated information to compare budgets. √ Historic information, assumptions, √ projections and experience are important elements when preparing a budget. √ Record data with reasons for future reference, or investigate your farm’s historical data for possible patterns. √√ Set individual branching budgets, which can later be included in the budget. √ Compare your actual expenses with your budget. This is the best way to identify warning signals in time. √ Ensure that you remember your fixed costs when drawing up a cash flow budget. √ (11) TOTAL: 45

Lesson 10: RECORDING DATA ACTIVITY 1.10 MEMORANDUM 1.

Receipts √ Cash slips √ Cheques √ Invoices √ Cash deposit slips √

(5)