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LIFE ORIENTATION FACILITATOR’S GUIDE Grade 12
A member of the FUTURELEARN group
Life Orientation Facilitator’s guide
1812-E-LIO-FG01
Í2,È-E-LIO-FG01zÎ
Grade 12
CAPS aligned
Dr M Koen Prof R Niemann
Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Life Orientation
Contents LESSON ELEMENTS.........................................................................................................4 INTRODUCTION.................................................................................................................5 TIMETABLE AND TIME MANAGEMENT.........................................................................6 ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDED READING.....................................................................7 RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS..........................................................................................7 TIME ALLOCATION............................................................................................................7 STUDY TIPS AND METHODS...........................................................................................9 RECOMMENDED YEAR PLANNING............................................................................. 10 Development of the self: Understanding and managing stress.................................. 13 Lesson 1: Stress................................................................................................................. 13 Topic 1.1 Stress.....................................................................................................14 Lesson 2 ............................................................................................................................ 19 Topic 1.2 Physical Education: A balanced lifestyle................................................19 Activity 1.1 ..........................................................................................................20 Lesson 3: Solve the challenge........................................................................................... 20 Activity 1.2 ..........................................................................................................21 Lesson 4: Reflect and apply............................................................................................... 22 Development of the self: ................................................................................................. 23 Lesson 1: Relationships..................................................................................................... 23 Topic 2.1 Relationships and communication.........................................................24 Activity 2.1 ..........................................................................................................25 Lesson 2............................................................................................................................. 27 Topic 2.2 Physical Education: Safety measures in physical fitness.......................27 Activity 2.2 ..........................................................................................................29 Activity 2.3 ..........................................................................................................29 Lesson 3: Solve the challenge........................................................................................... 30 Activity 2.4 ..........................................................................................................30 Activity 2.5 ..........................................................................................................33 Lesson 4: Reflect and apply............................................................................................... 35 Development of the self: Communication...................................................................... 36 Lesson 1: Communication.................................................................................................. 36 Topic 3.1 Communication......................................................................................36 Activity 3.1 ..........................................................................................................38 Lesson 2............................................................................................................................. 39 Topic 3.2: Physical Education: Participation in programmes for personal ............39 fitness and health .................................................................................................39 Lesson 3: Solve the challenge.......................................................................................... 40 Lesson 4: Apply and reflect................................................................................................ 40
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Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Life Orientation
Development of the self: Conflict and conflict management....................................... 42 Lesson 1: Conflict and conflict management...................................................................... 42 Topic 4.1 Conflict and conflict management..........................................................43 Activity 4.1 ..........................................................................................................44 Activity 4.2 ..........................................................................................................48 Lesson 2 ............................................................................................................................ 49 Topic 4.2: Physical Education................................................................................49 Lesson 3: Solve the challenge........................................................................................... 49 Activity 4.3 ..........................................................................................................50 Lesson 4: Reflect and apply..................................................................................50 Study skills ...................................................................................................................... 51 Lesson 1: Study skills and preparing for examinations...................................................... 51 Topic 5.1 Study skills and preparing for examinations...........................................52 Lesson 2:............................................................................................................................ 54 Topic 5.2 Physical Education.................................................................................54 Lesson 3: Solve the challenge........................................................................................... 54 Activity 5.2 ..........................................................................................................54 Lesson 4: Reflect and apply..................................................................................55 Activity 5.3 ..........................................................................................................55 Change and transition ..................................................................................................... 58 Lesson 1: Transition between school and post-school, and the world of work................... 58 Topic 6.1 Transition between school and post-school, and the world of work.......59 Topic 6.2 The world of work: The value of work.....................................................61 Activity 6.1 ..........................................................................................................61 Lesson 2............................................................................................................................. 63 Topic 6.3 Physical Education.................................................................................63 Lesson 3: Solve the challenge........................................................................................... 63 Activity 6.2 ..........................................................................................................63 Lesson 4: Reflect and apply............................................................................................... 65 Activity 6.3 ..........................................................................................................65 Project............................................................................................................................... 67 Lesson 1, 3 and 4............................................................................................................... 67 Topic 7.1 Project....................................................................................................67 Lesson 2............................................................................................................................. 67 Topic 7.2 Physical Education: Indigenous games of South Africa.........................67 Activity 7.1 ..........................................................................................................68 Careers and career choices ........................................................................................... 69 Lesson 1: Careers and career choices............................................................................... 69 Topic 8.1 Careers and career choices...................................................................69 Activity 8.1 ..........................................................................................................70 Lesson 2............................................................................................................................. 75 Topic 8.2 Physical Education.................................................................................75 Lesson 3: Solve the challenge........................................................................................... 75 Activity 8.2 ..........................................................................................................75 Lesson 4: Reflect and apply............................................................................................... 78 Š Impaq
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Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Life Orientation
Democracy and human rights.........................................................................................80 Lesson 1: Responsible citizenship and human rights........................................................80 Topic 9.1: Responsible citizenship and human rights...........................................81 Activity 9.1 .........................................................................................................82 Activity 9.2 .........................................................................................................83 Lesson 2.............................................................................................................................85 Topic 9.2 The role of the media in a democratic society....................................... 85 Activity 9.3 .........................................................................................................86 Activity 9.4 .........................................................................................................86 Lesson 3: Solve the challenge...........................................................................................89 Activity 9.5 .........................................................................................................89 Lesson 4: Reflect and apply...............................................................................................92 Activity 9.6 .........................................................................................................92 Social and environmental responsibility.......................................................................94 Lesson 1: Social and environmental responsibility.............................................................94 Topic 10.1 Social and environmental responsibility..............................................94 Lesson 2.............................................................................................................................95 Topic 10.2 Formulating a personal mission and vision statement for life............. 95 Lesson 3.............................................................................................................................99 Topic 10.3 Physical Education..............................................................................99 Lesson 4: Solve, reflect and apply ....................................................................................99 Activity 10.1 .........................................................................................................99 Development of the self in society...............................................................................101 Lesson 1: Physical, personal, societal and environmental conditions..............................101 Topic 11.1 Physical, personal, societal and environmental conditions...............102 Lesson 2...........................................................................................................................104 Topic 11.2 Physical Education............................................................................104 Lesson 3: Solve the challenge ........................................................................................105 Lesson 4: Reflect and apply.............................................................................................105 List of references...........................................................................................................107
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Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Life Orientation
LESSON ELEMENTS Every unit (suggested time: 2 weeks) will consist of the following learning activities: • A challenge • Life Orientation content • Physical Education is part of most units, but does not necessarily relate to the unit challenge. • Solve the challenge • Reflect and apply As well as: • Learning outcomes • Additional activities • Definitions • Enrichment activities (For the curious) • Summaries • Self-assessment activities
ICONS
VERY IMPORTANT Following the above learning sequence implies that learners need to engage in the activities and Solve actions to accumulate the content, the self-insight and problem-Solve abilities to be successful in this subject.
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Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Life Orientation
INTRODUCTION Life Orientation is the study of the self in relation to others and to society. It addresses skills, knowledge and values about the self, the environment, responsible citizenship, a healthy and productive life, social engagement, recreation and physical activity, careers and career choices. These include opportunities to engage in the development and practice of a variety of life skills to solve problems, make informed decisions and choices, and take appropriate actions to live meaningfully and successfully in a rapidly changing society. It not only focuses on knowledge, but also emphasises the importance of the application of skills and values in real-life situations, participation in physical activity, community organisations and initiatives. Life Orientation in the FET Phase aims to: 1. guide and prepare learners to respond appropriately to life’s responsibilities and opportunities; 2. equip learners to interact optimally on a personal, psychological, cognitive, motor, physical, moral, spiritual, cultural and socio-economic level; 3. guide learners to make informed and responsible decisions about their own health and well-being as well as the health and well-being of others; 4. expose learners to their constitutional rights and responsibilities, to the rights of others and to issues of diversity; 5. equip learners with knowledge, skills and values to make informed decisions about subject choices, careers, additional and higher education opportunities, and the world of work; 6. expose learners to various study methods and skills pertaining to assessment processes; and 7. expose learners to the value of regular participation in physical activity. Life Orientation in Grade 10 – 12 focuses on the following six topics: • Development of the self in society • Social and environmental responsibility • Democracy and human rights • Careers and career choices • Study skills • Physical Education The subject content and associated assessment elements are based on the themes as outlined in the Curriculum and Assessment Policy Statement (CAPS).
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Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Life Orientation
TIMETABLE AND TIME MANAGEMENT In Grade 12, there are three terms, as the Preliminary Examination in September constitutes the final assessment for Grade 12 Life Orientation. It is suggested that the themes are dealt with in units, consisting of a challenge, subject content, physical education, activities to solve the challenge, and application and reflective activities. The following diagram represents a suggested framework for covering the content:
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ADDITIONAL RECOMMENDED READING Nel, M. 2014. Life Orientation for South African teachers. Pretoria: Van Schaik. Van Heerden-Pieterse. 2015. Life Skills: My journey, my destiny, 2nd ed. Pretoria: Van Schaik.
RESOURCE REQUIREMENTS The following resources are required to successfully complete this subject: • Impaq study guide • Impaq facilitator’s guide • Impaq portfolio tasks • Mid-year examination • Preliminary Examination (this is the Final Examination for Life Orientation, as the NSC Examination does not include a Life Orientation paper) • Clothing, footgear and equipment to do the physical exercises
TIME ALLOCATION The suggested time allocation for Life Orientation Grade 12 is as follows: 11 units/year Number of units per year 22* Total number of weeks available for study this content in Grade 12 2 weeks Duration of each unit Number of units (revision for final assessment excluded) 11 Suggested time allocation per unit
3 hours/unit
Number of lessons per unit
4
Duration per lesson Total suggested time allocation per year
45 minutes 33 hours/year
*The number of weeks is decreased to provide for time for the Preliminary Examination, when the final assessment in Life Orientation for the year will take place. This implies that the same amount of work has to be mastered in a shorter amount of time.
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Weekly schedule The suggested weekly subject schedule for the full Grade 12 programme is as follows: Subject
Number of lessons per week
Time allocation per week (hours)*
6 6 6 2 5 5
4,5 4,5 4,5 1,5 3,75 3,75
5 35
3,75 26,25
1. Home Language 2. First Additional Language 3. Mathematics 4. Life Orientation 5. Additional subject 1 6. Additional subject 2 7. Additional subject 3
Total *Lesson duration of 45 minutes.
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Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Life Orientation
STUDY TIPS AND METHODS Remember that studying should not be left until the night before a test or an examination. It is never too early to develop good study habits. Everyone is different, and for some learners, studying and being motivated comes more naturally. But, just as an athlete or soccer player has to practise and develop his/her skills, effective study skills must be practised in order for the learner to perform well. The sooner the learner understands and applies good study habits, the easier his/her tests and examinations will be and the better his/her chances will be of getting good marks. Here are some tips to help the learner get the most out of his/her studies: • • • • • • • • • •
Although you can study anywhere, the place you choose to study should not have any distractions. Time is the most valuable resource you have. If you struggle to find time to study, you should prioritise and set a timetable. It is important that you are not overloading yourself in this important Grade 12 year. As you prepare for tests or examinations, you should spend time reviewing your work. Begin this process by revising the material while it is still fresh in your mind. If you wait too long, you may discover that the material does not make sense. Make sure you understand all the material. Do not try to memorise facts that you do not understand. Test yourself by reviewing the self-assessment questions and activities in the unit. Use the learning outcomes to guide you. It is important to take regular breaks – working too hard can actually decrease your performance. Stay motivated. You can decorate your study space with inspirational quotes or photos of people you want to make proud of your hard work. Reward yourself. See Unit 5 for more information.
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RECOMMENDED YEAR PLANNING Content
Target date* TERM 1
Unit 1: Development of the self: Understanding and managing stress 1.1 Stress 1.2 Physical Education: A balanced lifestyle Solve the challenge Reflect and apply Unit 2: Development of the self: Relationships 2.1 Relationships and communication 2.2 Physical Education: Safety measures in physical fitness Solve the challenge Reflect and apply Unit 3: Development of the self: Communication 3.1 Communication 3.2 Physical Education: Participation in programmes for personal fitness and health Solve the challenge Reflect and apply Unit 4: Development of the self: Conflict and conflict management 4.1 Conflict and conflict management 4.2 Physical Education Solve the challenge Reflect and apply Unit 5: Study skills
5.1 Study skills and preparing for examinations 5.2 Physical Education
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Content
Target date*
Completed
Solve the challenge Reflect and apply Term 2
Unit 6: Change and transition 6.1 Transition between school and post-school, and dealing with change 6.2 The world of work: The value of work 6.3 Physical Education Solve the challenge Reflect and apply Unit 7: Project 7.1 Project 7.2 Physical Education: Indigenous games of South Africa Unit 8: Careers and career choice 8.1 Careers and career choices 8.2 Physical Education Solve the challenge Reflect and apply Unit 9: Democracy and human rights 9.1 Responsible citizenship and human rights 9.2 The role of the media in a democratic society 9.3 Physical Education Solve the challenge Reflect and apply Mid-year examination
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Content
Target date* Term 3
Unit 10: Social and environmental responsibility 10.1 Social and environmental responsibility 10.2 Formulating a personal mission and vision statement for life 10.3 Physical Education Solve the challenge, reflect and apply Unit 11: Development of the self in society 11.1 Physical, personal, societal and environmental conditions 11.2 Physical Education Solve the challenge Reflect and apply Revision Final examination (during the Preliminary Examination)
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Development of the self: Understanding and managing stress
Lesson 1: Stress This unit focuses on the understanding and management of stress as an important element in the development of the self, a topic that we have been discussing since Grade 10. The development of the self entails the pursuit of developing and mastering certain skills that can help individuals to become the best they can, with all they have. It is about reaching for and realising our full potential as human beings. Stress has become an integral part of our everyday lives. Modern life is full of challenges, demands, hassles and deadlines that we cannot always avoid. The way in which we deal with stress will have an impact on our bodies and minds. Consequently, we need to protect ourselves by recognising the symptoms of stress and by taking steps to reduce any harmful effects. Physical activities also contribute positively to maintaining a healthy life, physical mobility and physiological well-being. It also strengthens the immune system, slows down the ageing process and assists in the alleviation of stress. The ability to effectively manage stress is critical to personal and professional success. The aim of this unit is thus to equip learners with knowledge, values, skills and activities to recognise and cope with stressful situations and challenges in real life, in order to thrive in their lives and in the world beyond.
LEARNERS HAVE TO CONFRONT THE CHALLENGE What can I do to alleviate my own levels of stress? It is necessary to understand that this challenge needs to be solved by the end of the unit.
• • • • • • •
LEARNING OUTCOMES After learners have completed this unit, they must be able to do the following: explain the concept of stress; identify different stress responses; analyse common causes of stress in their lives; critically evaluate ways to cope with stress in daily life; discuss the importance of physical activities and the value they have for one’s life and for the alleviation of stress; identify exercises that combat stress; argue why certain activities are particularly valuable for alleviating stress.
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Unit
Facilitator’s Guide G12 ~ Life Orientation
DEFINE (learners have to understand the following concepts) Anxiety: Worry, nervousness or unease. Coping mechanisms: Any conscious or unconscious effort that enables an individual to adapt to a situation in order to regain equilibrium. Distress: The term refers to extreme anxiety, sorrow or pain. Eustress: The term eustress consists of two parts. The prefix eu- derives from the Greek word meaning either “well” or “good”. When attached to the word stress, it literally means “good stress”. Fight-or-flight response: When you feel threatened, a chemical reaction occurs in your body that allows you to act in a way to prevent injury. Stress: Stress is a reaction to a stimulus that disturbs your physical or mental equilibrium. Stress level: The severity of physical and/or mental tension resulting from factors that altered a person’s equilibrium. Stress management plan: Physical and/or emotional actions that assist the body to deal with the stressors. Stress tolerance: Stress tolerance is the ability to be relaxed and composed when faced with difficulties. Stressor: A stressor is an agent or stimulus that causes stress, e.g. noises, a speeding car, writing a test or even going on a blind date. Therapy: Expert interventions to guide a person to alter or reverse the effect of a negative condition or experience.
Topic 1.1 Stress Learners have to solve the problem questions: • What are the main causes of stress in my life? • What effect does stress have on me? • How stressed am I? • What can I do to manage stress? Introduction The focus of this lesson is to recognise various causes of stress and the impact it has on our well-being, and to explore different methods to manage stress in our lives. Address the following issues: • Conceptualising stress • The effect of stress on the body • Levels of stress • Managing stress
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