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SOCIAL SCIENCES FACILITATOR’S GUIDE: GEOGRAPHY
Grade 7
A member of the FUTURELEARN group
Social Sciences Facilitator’s guide: Geography
1807-E-SOS-FG02
Í2’È-E-SOS-FG025Î
Grade 7
CAPS aligned
T Greyling S Jordaan T van Vollenhoven
Facilitator’s Guide G07 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
CONTENTS LESSON ELEMENTS.......................................................................................................... 3 PREFACE ............................................................................................................................ 4 MARKING GRID .................................................................................................................. 6 YEAR PLAN ........................................................................................................................ 7 UNIT 1: Map skills ............................................................................................................. 8 Lesson 1: Local maps and street maps (2 hours)........................................... 9 Exercise 1: Memorandum ................................................................ 10 Activity 1: Memorandum................................................................... 14 Activity 2: Memorandum................................................................... 14 Exercise 2 ........................................................................................ 16 Activity 3: Memorandum................................................................... 16 Activity 4: Memorandum................................................................... 17 Lesson 2: Sketch maps and explaining routes (3 hours) ............................. 18 Activity 5: Memorandum................................................................... 21 Activity 6: Memorandum................................................................... 21 Activity 7: Memorandum................................................................... 22 Lesson 3: Distance and scale (4 hours) ........................................................ 23 Activity 8: Memorandum................................................................... 24 Activity 9: Memorandum................................................................... 25 Activity 10: Memorandum................................................................. 25 Activity 11: Memorandum................................................................. 25 Lesson 4: Current events (2 hours) ............................................................... 26 Exercise 3: Memorandum ................................................................ 27 UNIT 2: Volcanoes, earthquakes and floods ................................................................. 30 Lesson 5: The structure of the earth (3 hours) ............................................. 31 Activity 12: Memorandum................................................................. 33 Activity 13: Memorandum................................................................. 34 Lesson 6: Earthquakes (4 hours) .................................................................. 35 Activity 14: Memorandum................................................................. 38 Activity 15: Memorandum................................................................. 39 Lesson 7: Volcanoes (1 hour) ........................................................................ 40 Activity 16: Memorandum................................................................. 42 Lesson 8: Floods (4 hours) ............................................................................. 43 Activity 17: Memorandum................................................................. 43 Activity 18: Memorandum................................................................. 44 Exercise 4: Memorandum ................................................................ 45 UNIT 3: Population growth and change ......................................................................... 47 Lesson 9: Population concepts (3 hours) ....................................................... 48 Activity 19: Memorandum................................................................. 49 Activity 20: Memorandum................................................................. 49
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Facilitator’s Guide G07 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
Lesson 10: Factors affecting birth and death rates (4 hours) ....................... 51 Activity 21: Memorandum................................................................. 52 Lesson 11: World population growth (6 hours) .............................................. 53 Activity 22: Memorandum................................................................. 53 Activity 23: Memorandum................................................................. 54 Exercise 5: Memorandum ................................................................ 55 UNIT 4: Natural resources and conservation in South Africa ...................................... 56 Lesson 12: Natural resources (3 hours).......................................................... 57 Activity 24: Memorandum................................................................. 58 Lesson 13: Management of resources (5 hours) ............................................ 59 Activity 25: Memorandum................................................................. 60 Lesson 14: Water in South Africa (4 hours).................................................... 61 Activity 26: Memorandum................................................................. 62 Activity 27: Memorandum................................................................. 63 Exercise 6: Memorandum ................................................................ 65
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Facilitator’s Guide G07 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
YEAR PLAN UNIT
DATE STARTED
LESSON
DATE FINISHED
Lesson 1: Local maps and street maps
1
Lesson 2: Sketch maps and explaining routes Lesson 3: Distance and scale Lesson 4: Current events Lesson 5: The structure of the earth Lesson 6: Earthquakes
2 Lesson 7: Volcanoes Lesson 8: Floods Lesson 9: Population concepts 3
Lesson 10: Factors affecting birth and death rates Lesson 11: World population growth Lesson 12: Natural resources
4
Lesson 13: Management of resources Lesson 14: Water in South Africa
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Facilitator’s Guide G07 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
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UNIT 1: Map skills LEARNING AIMS After learners have completed this unit, they must be able to do the following: • Use grid references to locate places on a street map. • Use a street map and compass directions to describe a specific route. • Sketch a map of a local area. • Use and define scale, differentiate between linear and statement scale, compare different types of scales and use those scales to calculate distance. • Know the main lines of latitude and longitude and use them to locate where events happened on a world map. • Stay abreast of current affairs and analyse certain events to ascertain certain information about those events, such as where, when, why and how an event occurred and what the effects of the event in question were. INTRODUCTION This unit is a very practical one. You are advised to use a number of different resources, including maps of your local area, GPS or even download maps from the Map Studio website (www.mapstudio.co.za) if you have these resources available to you. This unit is very important as it lays the foundation for all mapwork which the learner will do in the rest of the phase as well as the mapwork done in the FET Phase. Spend a minimum of 15 hours on this unit. Each lesson will have the estimated time required to complete it. Mapwork skills will also be necessary when completing the units later on in the study guide, so they will constantly need to be revised.
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Facilitator’s Guide G07 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
Unit
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LESSON 1: LOCAL MAPS AND STREET MAPS (2 hours) This lesson will take an in-depth look at different maps and the elements of those maps. The focus will be on using a grid reference and index to find certain places on a map, which are in alphabetical order. The learner will recap information learnt in previous grades such as political and physical maps and the cardinal points of a compass. He/she will also need to be able to use a key and identify the different elements the key explains. Lastly, the learner will describe a route using a starting point and a destination, utilising a local street map. IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY Here are a few links you can show the class to explain the following concepts to learners. •
Altitude: Sea level is regarded as 0 metres. Altitude is then measured in metres, from sea level. https://goo.gl/hi16lJ
•
Contour lines: A line drawn on a map that connects places that are at the same altitude. https://goo.gl/GPOJH2
•
Wind directions: There are 16 directions learners must know. https://goo.gl/E7T5Bf https://goo.gl/Vph8GF
•
Grid system: https://goo.gl/3PELvL
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Facilitator’s Guide G07 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
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Types of maps
Ensure that the learner knows and understand the different types of maps. Colour versions of the different maps can be found at the back of the study guide. It may help learners to better understand the differences.
EXERCISE 1: Memorandum 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.2
D E B F A C
Characteristics of maps
Below are some methods to explain the characteristics of maps to learners: •
A bird’s eye view: Because maps are flat, they should give you a bird’s eye view of a location, in other words, a view as seen as if you are looking down on the map.
Bird’s eye view of Paris, Arc de Triomphe Source: https://goo.gl/x9zQBa
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Facilitator’s Guide G07 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
•
Unit
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Direction: All maps should have an arrow marked ‘north’. This helps you work out the other compass directions and ascertain the orientation of the map, i.e., north, south, east and west. Here are the steps to draw a wind rose:
Direction is very important and helps learners to determine where they find themselves on the map at a specific point. The four cardinal directions must be determined first. Then learners can complete the rest until all 16 directions can be determined and indicated.
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The 16 Cardinal Points of a Compass
•
Place/location: Street maps may be used as an example.
Shows highways and roads, e.g., indicates different street names.
Street map of Pretoria city centre Source: https://goo.gl/Q9Sq49
•
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Symbols: Test the learner’s knowledge regularly by asking him/her about this. For example, let him/her identify the key/legend, ask him/her to provide cross references, let him/her indicate north on maps, etc. Show the learner topographical maps where keys/legends are used.
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Example Area
Designation Erosion; Sand Perennial water Swamp and marsh
•
Key/Legend: Show the learner topographical maps where keys/legends are used.
•
Scale: Example of scale on a topographical map:
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ACTIVITY 1: Memorandum 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1.6 1.7
E SSW SE NNW ENE W NNE
2.1 2.2 2.3
N NW SW
(7 x 1) = (7)
(3 x 1) = (3) [10]
ACTIVITY 2: Memorandum
1.1 1.2 1.3
(3 x 1) = (3)
3. 4. 5.
2. 9 Pond 1 In the sandboxes.
1.3
Indexing maps
(4 x 1) = (4) [7]
Make sure that the learner always writes latitude before longitude. Let them think about it like this – latitude comes before longitude in the dictionary. Example:
South Africa’s latitude and longitude is as follows: 20° S, 20° E
Latitude runs from left to right across the map, while longitude runs from top to bottom.
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Unit
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The learner must realise the importance of accuracy, as this is the first time that he/she is working with maps containing so much detail. Grid system: Most maps are divided using a grid system to make it easier to find a point of interest. These maps use variables on two sides of the map so that each point has two variables. The variables are arranged from north to south, and from east to west. Here is an example of how to determine grid references.
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EXERCISE 2 Draw your own grid system using the following instructions: INSTRUCTIONS 1. Your grid system must include rows A – F and columns 1 – 6. 2. Your blocks must be 2 x 2 cm in size. 3. Colour C5, F1 and A3.
1
2
A
3
4
5
6
A3
A
B
B
C
C5
C
D
D
E
E
F
F1 1
F 2
3
4
5
6
ACTIVITY 3: Memorandum 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5
D13 E3 C3 E6 B11, B12, B13 and B14
2.1 2.2 2.3 2.4 2.5
Windmill Chicken Flower Tree Sheep
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(5 x 1) = (5)
(5 x 1) = (5) [10]
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Facilitator’s Guide G07 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
1.4
Unit
1
How to find places and explain routes using a street map
ACTIVITY 4: Memorandum 1.
Historical building
2.
a) b) c) d) e)
(1)
D1 and E1 C3 F1 F4 B2
(5)
3.
3
(2)
4.
The altitude at that specific place.
(2)
5.
A tramway is used in a city and is an old mode of transportation, while a railway is used by trains to transport people or goods. (1)
6.
a) b) c)
Arrows are drawn on all these streets. (2) It indicates that it is a one-way street. (2) You must remember that you can only move in one direction. You will have to use an alternative street if your destination is at the end of a one-way street. (2)
7. Departure point: Kimberley station 1.
2.
3. 4.
Once you leave the station, drive straight. At the T-junction, turn right in De Beers Street, left in Quinn Street, right in Lennox Street. Follow the road until you reach the corner of Lennox and Chapel Street. After breakfast, turn down Chapel Street and follow it until you reach Woodley Street, where you turn left. Follow the road until you reach the information centre. When you leave the centre, turn left in Main Road, follow the road until you reach the mine. Use the Reitz Street exit, turn left in New Main Road, right in Jones Street and left in York Street. The clubhouse will be on your left. To reach the minigolf, you must stay on York Street and turn right at the end of the road. Then turn left in Lennox Street and follow the road until the minigolf is on your left.
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Facilitator’s Guide G07 ~ Social Sciences: Geography
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5.
6.
To get to the clinic, travel back in the direction you came on Lennox Street, turn left in Du Toitspan Street and then left again in the third street. The Medi Clinic is on the corner. To return to the station, turn right on Du Toitspan Street and follow the road to De Beers Street. Turn right in De Beers Street, it will take you to the station.
Destination: Kimberley station (13) [30]
LESSON 2: SKETCH MAPS AND EXPLAINING ROUTES (3 hours) 2.1
Sketching a map
Now that the learner has some skill explaining routes, this lesson will focus on his/her ability to indicate a route from one place to another, using the different elements he/she learnt about in the previous lesson. The learner will need to use compass directions, landmarks and different map symbols to explain a route verbally, estimate distances and draw a sketch of the desired route, in enough detail that someone else will understand it. Here is an example of a map you can use to allow learners to practise sketching routes:
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