Gr 8 english home language study guide by Impaq

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ENGLISH HOME LANGUAGE STUDY GUIDE Grade 8

A member of the FUTURELEARN group

English Home Language Study guide

1808-E-EHL-SG01

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Grade 8

CAPS aligned

J Mansfield

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

CONTENTS LESSON ELEMENTS 9 PREFACE.......................................................................................................................... 11 YEAR PLAN ...................................................................................................................... 12 LANGUAGE STRUCTURES AND CONVENTIONS ......................................................... 19 UNIT 1: Week 1 – 2 ........................................................................................................... 21 LESSON 1: ........................................................................................................................ 21 1.1 Comprehension 1.............................................................................................. 21 1.2 Word level: Adverbs of place and degree ......................................................... 24 Activity 1 ................................................................................................................ 25 1.3 Sentence level: Subject-verb agreement .......................................................... 25 Activity 2 ................................................................................................................ 26 1.4 Sentence level: Parts of speech........................................................................ 26 Activity 3 ................................................................................................................ 27 1.5 Sentence level: Phrases and clauses ............................................................... 31 Activity 4 ................................................................................................................ 32 1.6 Sentence level: Sentence structure .................................................................. 32 Activity 5 ................................................................................................................ 33 LESSON 2: ........................................................................................................................ 35 2.1 Word meaning: Synonyms and antonyms ........................................................ 35 Activity 6 ................................................................................................................ 35 2.2 Word meaning: Figures of speech .................................................................... 36 Activity 7 ................................................................................................................ 37 2.3 Punctuation ....................................................................................................... 38 Activity 8 ................................................................................................................ 38 2.4 Writing: The informal letter ................................................................................ 39 UNIT 1: Week 3 – 4 ........................................................................................................... 40 LESSON 3: ........................................................................................................................ 40 3.1 Comprehensions 2 ............................................................................................ 40 3.2 Word level: Nouns............................................................................................. 43 Activity 9 ................................................................................................................ 44 Activity 10 .............................................................................................................. 45 3.3 Word level: Prepositions ................................................................................... 45 Activity 11 .............................................................................................................. 46 3.4 Sentence level: Verb phrases ........................................................................... 46 Activity 12 .............................................................................................................. 47 3.5 Sentence level: Adjective and adverb clauses .................................................. 48 Activity 13 .............................................................................................................. 50 3.6 Sentence level: Emotive language .................................................................... 50 Activity 14 .............................................................................................................. 51 LESSON 4: ........................................................................................................................ 52 © Impaq

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

4.1

Word meaning: Figurative language ................................................................. 52 Activity 15 .............................................................................................................. 52 4.2 Punctuation ....................................................................................................... 53 Activity 16 .............................................................................................................. 54 4.3 Writing: Writing a magazine article.................................................................... 54 UNIT 1: Week 5 – 6 ........................................................................................................... 55 LESSON 5: ........................................................................................................................ 55 5.1 Comprehension 3.............................................................................................. 55 5.2 Words level: Adverbs of manner and time ........................................................ 58 Activity 17 .............................................................................................................. 58 5.3 Words level: Infinite verbs ................................................................................. 59 Activity 18 .............................................................................................................. 59 5.4 Word level: Gerunds ......................................................................................... 60 Activity 19 .............................................................................................................. 60 5.5 Sentence level: Sentence structure .................................................................. 60 Activity 20 .............................................................................................................. 60 5.6 Sentence level: Phrases ................................................................................... 60 Activity 21 .............................................................................................................. 61 5.7 Sentence level: Negation .................................................................................. 62 Activity 22 .............................................................................................................. 62 LESSON 6: ........................................................................................................................ 63 6.1 Word meaning: Synonyms and antonyms ........................................................ 63 Activity 23 .............................................................................................................. 63 6.2 Punctuation: Comma splices............................................................................. 63 Activity 24 .............................................................................................................. 64 6.3 Writing: Writing an itinerary ............................................................................... 64 UNIT 1: Week 7 – 8 ........................................................................................................... 66 LESSON 7: ........................................................................................................................ 66 7.1 Comprehension 4.............................................................................................. 66 7.2 Sentence level: Simple present verb tense ....................................................... 69 Activity 25 .............................................................................................................. 70 7.3 Sentence level: Simple past tense .................................................................... 70 7.4 Sentence level: Regular and irregular verbs ..................................................... 70 Activity 26 .............................................................................................................. 71 7.5 Sentence level: Adjectives ................................................................................ 72 7.6 Sentence level: Articles ..................................................................................... 72 Activity 27 .............................................................................................................. 73 7.7 Sentence level: Adverbs ................................................................................... 74 Activity 28 .............................................................................................................. 75 7.8 Sentence level: Bias, prejudice and stereotyping.............................................. 76 Activity 29 .............................................................................................................. 76 LESSON 8: ........................................................................................................................ 77 8.1 Word meaning: Proverbs .................................................................................. 77 Activity 30 .............................................................................................................. 77 8.2 Word meaning: Denotation and connotation ..................................................... 77 © Impaq

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

Activity 31 .............................................................................................................. 77 8.3 Punctuation: Apostrophe ................................................................................... 78 Activity 32 .............................................................................................................. 79 8.4 Writing: Writing a summary ............................................................................... 79 UNIT 2: Week 1 – 2 ........................................................................................................... 80 LESSON 9: ........................................................................................................................ 80 9.1 Comprehension 5.............................................................................................. 80 9.2 Word level: Adjectives: Degrees of comparison ................................................ 82 Activity 33 .............................................................................................................. 84 9.3 Word level: Common and proper nouns ........................................................... 84 Activity 34 .............................................................................................................. 84 9.4 Word level: Conjunctions .................................................................................. 85 Activity 35 .............................................................................................................. 86 9.5 Sentence level: Tenses ..................................................................................... 88 Activity 36 .............................................................................................................. 88 9.6 Sentence level: Simple and compound sentences............................................ 89 Activity 37 .............................................................................................................. 89 9.7 Sentence level: Synonyms and antonyms ........................................................ 90 Activity 38 .............................................................................................................. 90 LESSON 10: ...................................................................................................................... 91 10.1 Word meaning: Cause and effect...................................................................... 91 Activity 39 .............................................................................................................. 92 10.2 Punctuation: Commas ....................................................................................... 93 Activity 40 .............................................................................................................. 93 10.3 Writing: Blogs .................................................................................................... 93 UNIT 2: Week 3 – 4 ........................................................................................................... 96 LESSON 11: ...................................................................................................................... 96 11.1 Comprehension 6.............................................................................................. 96 11.2 Word level: Finite verbs .................................................................................... 98 Activity 41 .............................................................................................................. 99 11.3 Sentence level: Simple past and present tense .............................................. 100 Activity 42 ............................................................................................................ 100 11.4 Sentence level: Emotive language .................................................................. 101 11.5 Sentence structure: Subjects and predicates .................................................. 102 Activity 43 ............................................................................................................ 102 11.6 Sentence structure: Negative form.................................................................. 103 Activity 44 ............................................................................................................ 103 11.7 Sentence structure: Negative question form ................................................... 103 Activity 45 ............................................................................................................ 103 LESSON 12: .................................................................................................................... 104 12.1 Word meaning: Homophones and homonyms ................................................ 104 Activity 46 ............................................................................................................ 104 12.2 Punctuation: Spelling ...................................................................................... 105 Activity 47 ............................................................................................................ 105 UNIT 2: Week 5 – 6 ......................................................................................................... 106 © Impaq

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

LESSON 13: .................................................................................................................... 106 13.2 Word level: Adverbs of place and frequency ................................................... 106 Activity 48 ............................................................................................................ 107 13.2 Sentence level: Question form ........................................................................ 108 Activity 49 ............................................................................................................ 110 13.3 Sentence level: Sentence structure – Clauses ............................................... 111 Activity 50 ............................................................................................................ 111 LESSON 14: .................................................................................................................... 111 14.1 Word meaning: Figurative language ............................................................... 111 Activity 51 ............................................................................................................ 111 14.2 Word meaning: Contextual clues .................................................................... 112 Activity 52 ............................................................................................................ 112 14.3 Word meaning: Puns ...................................................................................... 113 Activity 53 ............................................................................................................ 114 14.4 Punctuation: Abbreviations ............................................................................. 114 Activity 54 ............................................................................................................ 115 Activity 55 ............................................................................................................ 115 UNIT 2: Week 7 – 8 ......................................................................................................... 116 LESSON 15: .................................................................................................................... 116 15.1 Word level: Prefixes and suffixes .................................................................... 116 Activity 56 ............................................................................................................ 117 15.2 Sentence level: Sentence structure ................................................................ 118 Activity 57 ............................................................................................................ 118 15.3 Sentence level: Sentence structure ................................................................ 118 Activity 58 ............................................................................................................ 119 15.4 Sentence level: Continuous tenses ................................................................. 119 Activity 59 ............................................................................................................ 122 15.5 Sentence level: Continuous tenses ................................................................. 123 Activity 60 ............................................................................................................ 123 LESSON 16: .................................................................................................................... 124 16.1 Word meaning: Synonyms and antonyms ...................................................... 124 Activity 61 ............................................................................................................ 124 16.2 Word meaning: Paronyme and homonyms ..................................................... 124 Activity 62 ............................................................................................................ 125 16.3 Punctuation: Acronyms ................................................................................... 125 Activity 63 ............................................................................................................ 125 UNIT 3: Week 1 – 2 ......................................................................................................... 126 LESSON 17: .................................................................................................................... 127 17.1 Word level: Adjectives: Degrees of comparison .............................................. 127 Activity 64 ............................................................................................................ 127 17.2 Sentence level: Simple past and present tense .............................................. 128 Activity 65 ............................................................................................................ 128 17.3 Sentence level: Question forms ...................................................................... 129 Activity 66 ............................................................................................................ 130 17.4 Sentence level: Direct and reported speech ................................................... 130 © Impaq

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

Activity 67 ............................................................................................................ 130 17.5 Sentence level: Discourse makers .................................................................. 131 Activity 68 ............................................................................................................ 131 LESSON 18: .................................................................................................................... 132 18.1 Punctuation: Commas ..................................................................................... 132 Activity 69 ............................................................................................................ 132 18.2 Word meaning: Words in context .................................................................... 133 Activity 70 ............................................................................................................ 133 18.3 Punctuation: Spelling rules ............................................................................. 134 Activity 71 ............................................................................................................ 137 UNIT 3: Week 3 – 4 ......................................................................................................... 138 LESSON 19: .................................................................................................................... 138 19.1 Word level: Adverbs of manner, place and degree ......................................... 138 Activity 72 ............................................................................................................ 139 19.2 Word level: Prepositions ................................................................................. 140 Activity 73 ............................................................................................................ 140 19.3 Sentence level: Sentence types ...................................................................... 141 Activity 74 ............................................................................................................ 141 19.4 Sentence level: Manipulative and persuasive language ................................. 142 Activity 75 ............................................................................................................ 143 19.5 Sentence level: Bias, prejudice and stereotyping............................................ 145 Activity 76 ............................................................................................................ 145 19.6 Sentence level: Fact and opinion .................................................................... 146 Activity 77 ............................................................................................................ 146 LESSON 20: .................................................................................................................... 147 20.1 Punctuation: Spelling rules ............................................................................. 147 20.2 Punctuation: Ellipsis ........................................................................................ 148 Activity 78 ............................................................................................................ 148 UNIT 3: Week 5 – 6 ......................................................................................................... 150 LESSON 21: .................................................................................................................... 150 21.1 Word level: Adjectives and adverbs ................................................................ 150 Activity 79 ............................................................................................................ 150 21.2 Word level: Roots, prefixes and suffixes ......................................................... 152 Activity 80 ............................................................................................................ 152 LESSON 22: .................................................................................................................... 153 22.1 Sentence level: Continuous tenses ................................................................. 153 Activity 81 ............................................................................................................ 153 22.2 Sentence level: Continuous tenses ................................................................. 154 Activity 82 ............................................................................................................ 154 22.3 Sentence level: Manipulative and emotive language ...................................... 154 Activity 83 ............................................................................................................ 154 22.4 Sentence structure: Fact and opinion ............................................................. 156 Activity 84 ............................................................................................................ 156 22.5 Sentence structure: Bias, prejudice and stereotype ........................................ 157 Activity 85 ............................................................................................................ 157 © Impaq

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

22.6 Punctuation: Spelling ...................................................................................... 158 UNIT 3: Week 7 – 8 ......................................................................................................... 160 LESSON 23 ..................................................................................................................... 160 23.1 Word level: Prepositions and phrasal verbs .................................................... 160 Activity 86 ............................................................................................................ 161 23.2 Sentence level: Tenses ................................................................................... 162 Activity 87 ............................................................................................................ 162 23.3 Sentence level: Sentence structure ................................................................ 162 Activity 88 ............................................................................................................ 162 23.4 Sentence level: Proverbs ................................................................................ 163 Activity 89 ............................................................................................................ 163 23.5 Sentence level: Idioms .................................................................................... 164 Activity 90 ............................................................................................................ 164 23.6 Sentence level: Adjective and adverb clauses ................................................ 165 Activity 91 ............................................................................................................ 165 LESSON 24 ..................................................................................................................... 166 24.1 Word meaning: Homonyms and homographs ................................................. 166 Activity 91 ............................................................................................................ 166 24.2 Punctuation: Punctuation of abbreviations and contractions ........................... 166 Activity 93 ............................................................................................................ 168 UNIT 4: Week 1 – 2 ......................................................................................................... 170 LESSON 25 ..................................................................................................................... 171 25.1 Word level: Singular and plural ....................................................................... 171 Activity 94 ............................................................................................................ 171 25.2 Word level: Diminutives .................................................................................. 171 Activity 95 ............................................................................................................ 172 25.3 Sentence level: Direct and reported speech ................................................... 172 Activity 96 ............................................................................................................ 172 25.4 Sentence level: Fact and opinion .................................................................... 173 Activity 97 ............................................................................................................ 173 25.5 Sentence structure: Clauses and phrases ...................................................... 174 Activity 98 ............................................................................................................ 174 LESSON 26 ..................................................................................................................... 175 26.1 Word meaning: Ambiguity ............................................................................... 175 Activity 99 ............................................................................................................ 176 26.2 Word meaning: Gerunds ................................................................................. 176 Activity 100 .......................................................................................................... 177 26.3 Word meaning: Figurative language ............................................................... 178 Activity 101 .......................................................................................................... 178 26.4 Punctuation: Spelling ...................................................................................... 180 Activity 102 .......................................................................................................... 180 UNIT 4: Week 3 – 4 ......................................................................................................... 181 LESSON 27 ..................................................................................................................... 181 27.1 Word level: Pronouns: Personal and relative .................................................. 181 Activity 103 .......................................................................................................... 182 © Impaq

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

27.2

Word level: Pronouns: Moods ......................................................................... 183 Activity 104 .......................................................................................................... 185 27.3 Sentence level: Sentence types ...................................................................... 185 Activity 105 .......................................................................................................... 187 27.4 Sentence level: Tenses ................................................................................... 187 Activity 106 .......................................................................................................... 187 27.5 Sentence level: Irregular verbs ....................................................................... 188 27.6 Sentence level: Ambiguity ............................................................................... 190 Activity 107 .......................................................................................................... 190 LESSON 28 ..................................................................................................................... 190 28.1 Word meaning: Figurative language ............................................................... 190 Activity 108 .......................................................................................................... 190 28.2 Punctuation: Spelling patterns ........................................................................ 194 Activity 109 .......................................................................................................... 194 28.3 Punctuation: Revision ..................................................................................... 197 Activity 110 .......................................................................................................... 197 UNIT 4: Week 5 – 6 ......................................................................................................... 198 LESSON 29 ..................................................................................................................... 198 29.1 Word level: Relative pronouns ........................................................................ 198 Activity 111 .......................................................................................................... 198 29.2 Sentence level: Active and passive voice ....................................................... 199 Activity 112 .......................................................................................................... 200 29.3 Sentence level: Direct and indirect speech ..................................................... 200 Activity 113 .......................................................................................................... 200 29.4 Sentence level: Direct and indirect speech ..................................................... 201 Activity 114 .......................................................................................................... 201 29.5 Sentence level: Bias and prejudice ................................................................. 202 Activity 115 .......................................................................................................... 203 LESSON 30 ..................................................................................................................... 205 30.1 Word meaning: Synonyms and antonyms ...................................................... 205 Activity 116 .......................................................................................................... 205 30.2 Punctuation: Spelling revision ......................................................................... 206 Activity 117 .......................................................................................................... 210 LITERATURE: SHORT STORIES ................................................................................... 213 "The Day Humans Met Fire” ............................................................................................ 214 "How Prometheus Made Humans And Gave Them Fire” ................................................ 218 "In Memoriam” ................................................................................................................. 222 "The Storyteller” ............................................................................................................... 225 "Rammuthi And The Crocodile” ....................................................................................... 230

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

LITERATURE: POETRY ................................................................................................. 235 "Junkyards" ...................................................................................................................... 241 "Africa" ............................................................................................................................. 242 "In Detention" ................................................................................................................... 245 'The Road Not Taken"...................................................................................................... 247 "Filling Station" ................................................................................................................. 251 "The Bean Eaters" ........................................................................................................... 255 "Sonnet 94" ...................................................................................................................... 258 "Song to Celia" ................................................................................................................. 263 "There is no Frigate like a Book" ...................................................................................... 266 "A Blessing" ..................................................................................................................... 268 "Waiting" .......................................................................................................................... 273 "One Art" .......................................................................................................................... 276 "Little Boy Crying" ............................................................................................................ 282

BIBLIOGRAPHY ............................................................................................................. 285

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Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

LESSON ELEMENTS These icons facilitate your mastering of the knowledge in each unit in preparation for the examination.

LEARNING AIMS: What learners should know at the end of the lesson. Taken from CAPS.

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY: New terminology to extend understanding of the subject as part of this lesson.

DEFINE: Definitions of concepts to understand the content.

IMPORTANT: Explain misunderstandings; possible confusion regarding existing knowledge.

TIPS: Any information other than the content, to guide learners through the learning process.

FOR THE CURIOUS: Encouragement to do in-depth research about the content. Expand the activity and exercise to such an extent that learners are encouraged to explore. For gifted learners: expanded exercises. For Learners with Special Educational Needs (LSEN): explain the need to complete the basic questions to achieve a passing mark.

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Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

ACTIVITY: Questions throughout the lesson that must be done in order to test the knowledge of the lesson completed.

EXERCISE: In conclusion of the specific Unit. Formative assessment.

CORE CONTENT: Emphasise the core of content; in-depth explanation of a specific section of the lesson; needs to be understood.

STUDY/REVISION: Time spent to study the content in conclusion of the Unit and in preparation for the test or examination.

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Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

PREFACE INTRODUCTION This guide will see you through Grade 8 with clear descriptions of the various elements you need to master before you progress to Grade 9. Each term is divided into manageable lessons, so that you can keep track of your progress throughout the year. Write the dates into the year plan table to help you keep track of your progress. This will help you to see how much time you use to complete each unit as well as lesson times. There are four units to cover, each representing a study term as outlined by the CAPS documents for Grade 8 English Home Language. Follow these units as they are outlined through the various lessons and weeks. You should have 8 language lessons per unit, except for the last unit, which contains 6 lessons. A lesson per week should be sufficient to allow you enough time to do revision and study for the examinations. There are two language lessons per week. Look at the year plan to determine your progress through the year. The language and literature are both incorporated in the year plan although the two sections are separate. Make sure to keep to the year plan to cover all the work. Follow the instructions within this guide thoroughly. Your facilitator will discuss answers with you as well as guide you through the lessons and activities. It is strongly advised that you are sure that you understand the content you are busy with before you continue to the next lesson or unit. Examination papers will be set according to the content within this guide, which is compiled to meet the requirements set by CAPS. Thus, you have to make sure you understand all of the content and apply that knowledge when writing your tests and examinations.

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Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

YEAR PLAN DATE STARTED

LESSON Lesson 1 Comprehension:  “On holiday” Word level:  Adverbs of place and degree Sentence level:  Subject-verb agreement  Parts of speech  Phrases and clauses  Sentence structure Lesson 2

Unit 1

Word meaning:  Synonyms and antonyms  Figures of speech Punctuation Writing:  The informal letter Literature – Short stories:  “The day humans met Fire” Literature – Poetry:  “Junkyards” – Julian Lee Rayford Lesson 3 Comprehension:  “Dutch mischief-makers” Word level:  Nouns o Compound o Gerund, diminutive and augmentative  Prepositions Sentence level:  Verb phrases  Adjective and adverb clauses  Emotive language Lesson 4 Word meaning:  Figurative language Punctuation:  Abbreviations: o Initialisms o Acronyms o Clipping and truncation o Aphesis and portmanteau

DATE COMPLETED

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

Writing:  Writing a magazine article Literature – Poetry:  “Africa” – Maya Angelou Lesson 5 Comprehension:  “Of mice and boys” Word level:  Adverbs of manner and time  Infinite verbs  Gerunds Sentence level:  Sentence structure  Phrases  Negation Lesson 6

Unit 1

Word meaning:  Synonyms and antonyms Punctuation:  Comma splices Writing:  Writing an itinerary Literature – Poetry:  “In Detention” – Christopher van Wyk Lesson 7 Comprehension:  Cape Argus article Sentence level:  Simple present verb tense  Simple past tense  Regular and irregular verbs  Adjectives  Articles  Adverbs  Bias, prejudice and stereotyping Lesson 8 Word meaning:  Proverbs  Denotation and connotation Punctuation:  Apostrophe Writing:  Writing a summary Literature – Poetry:  “The Road Not Taken” – Robert Frost

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

Lesson 9

Unit 2

Comprehension:  Looking at the world of flying Word level:  Adjectives: Degrees of comparison  Common and proper nouns  Conjunctions Sentence level:  Tenses  Simple and compound sentences  Synonyms and antonyms Lesson 10 Word meaning:  Cause and effect Punctuation:  Commas Writing:  Blogs Literature – Short stories:  “How Prometheus made humans and gave them fire” Literature – Poetry:  “Filling Station” – Elizabeth Bishop Lesson 11 Comprehension:  “Dicing students lead cops on a merry chase” Word level:  Finite verbs Sentence level:  Simple past and present tense  Emotive language Sentence structure:  Subjects and predicates  Negative form  Negative question form Lesson 12 Word meaning  Homophones and homonyms Punctuation  Spelling Literature – Poetry:  “The Bean Eaters” – Gwendolyn Brooks Lesson 13 Word level:  Adverbs of place and frequency

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

Sentence level:  Question forms  Sentence structure Lesson 14

Unit 2

Unit 3

Word meaning:  Figurative language  Similes and metaphors  Contextual clues  Puns Punctuation:  Abbreviations Literature – Poetry:  “Sonnet 94” – William Shakespeare Lesson 15 Word level:  Prefixes and suffixes Sentence level:  Sentence structure  Sentence types  Continuous tenses  Proverbs Lesson 16 Word meaning:  Synonyms and antonyms  Homonyms and paronyms Punctuation:  Acronyms Literature – Poetry:  “Song to Celia” – Ben Jonson Lesson 17 Word level:  Adjectives: Degrees of comparison Sentence level:  Simple past and present tense  Question forms  Direct and reported speech  Discourse markers Lesson 18 Word meaning:  Synonyms and antonyms  Words in context Punctuation:  Spelling rules Literature – Sort stories:  “In memoriam”  “The storyteller”

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

Literature – Poetry:  “There is no frigate like a book” – Emily Dickinson Lesson 19 Word level:  Adverbs of manner, place and degree  Prepositions Sentence level:  Sentence types  Emotive and manipulative language  Bias, prejudice and stereotype  Fact and opinion Lesson 20 Punctuation:  Spelling rules  Ellipsis Literature – Poetry:  “A Blessing” – James Wright Unit 3

Lesson 21 Word level:  Adjectives and adverbs  Roots, prefixes and suffixes Lesson 22 Sentence level:  Continuous tenses  Sentence structure Sentence structure:  Fragments and run-ons  Manipulative and emotive language  Fact and opinion  Bias, prejudice and stereotyping Punctuation:  Spelling rules Literature – Poetry:  “Waiting” – Gail Dendy Lesson 23

Unit 3

Word level:  Prepositions and phrasal verbs Sentence level:  Tenses  Sentence structure  Proverbs  Idioms  Adjective and adverb clauses

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

Lesson 24 Word meaning:  Homonyms and homographs Punctuation:  Punctuation of abbreviations and contractions Literature – Poetry:  “One Art” – Elizabeth Bishop Lesson 25 Word level:  Singular and plural  Diminutives Sentence level:  Direct and reported speech  Fact and opinion Sentence structure:  Clauses and phrases Lesson 26

Unit 4

Word meaning:  Ambiguity  Gerunds  Figurative language Punctuation:  Extra assessment: Spelling quiz Literature – Short stories:  “Rammuthi and the crocodile” Literature – Poetry:  “Little Boy Crying” – Mervyn Morris Lesson 27 Word level:  Pronouns  Moods Sentence level:  Sentence types  Tenses  Ambiguity Lesson 28

Unit 4 Word meaning:  Figurative language Punctuation:  Spelling patterns  Punctuation

Lesson 29 Word level:  Relative Pronouns

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language

Sentence level:  Active and passive voice  Direct and indirect speech  Fact and opinion  Bias and prejudice Lesson 30 Word meaning:  Synonyms and antonyms Punctuation:  Spelling revision  Punctuation revision

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language: Language

Language Structures and Conventions

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Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language: Language

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Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language: Language

Unit

UNIT 1: Week 1 – 2

    

  

LEARNING AIMS: After you have completed these lessons, you must be able to do the following: Have practised reading for comprehension. Differentiate between adverbs of place and degree. Understand the basic subject-verb agreement. Identify parts of speech. Know how to diagram sentences, which helps you break up sentences into individual parts in order to manipulate sentences and understand sentence structure. Use different synonyms within sentences as well as opposite meanings. Enrich your vocabulary and writing skills with figures of speech. Write an informal letter with confidence in the correct format.

LESSON 1: 1.1

Comprehension 1

Read the following comprehension and answer the questions that follow. On holiday The motor cars rushed past the tram honking and squeaking, signalling right and left turns, swinging round corners, while other cars followed immediately behind them. How noisy the traffic was! And there were so many people on the pavement as well! And from every side street came delivery vans, tram-cars and double-decker buses! There were newspaperstands at every corner, and wonderful shop windows filled with flowers and fruit and others filled with books, gold watches, clothes and silk underwear. And how very, very tall the buildings were. So this was Berlin. Emil longed to look at everything in peace. But there was no time for that. In the front tramcar sat a man who had Emil’s money, and this man might get off the tram at any moment and disappear in the crowd. Then everything would be hopeless, because, out there among the motor-cars and the crowd and the buses, one could never find anyone again. Emil looked over the platform railing. What if the fellow had already gone? Then he would be riding on alone, not knowing why he was there or in what direction the tram was carrying him. And his grandmother, in the meantime, was waiting at the flower-stand at the © Impaq

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language: Language

Unit

Friedrich Strasse station without the slightest idea that her grandson was journey to Berlin on tram number 1, and that he was in serious trouble. The situation was almost unbearable. The tram stopped for the first time. Emil kept his eye on the forward car. But no-one got out. Only a stream of new passengers get into the tram. They pushed by Emil. One man grumbled because the boy’s head was in his way. “Can’t you see that other people want to get on?” he growled. The conductor, who was taking fares inside the tram, pulled the bell-cord. The bell rang and the tram moved on. Emil returned to his corner, where he was pushed about. People stepped on his feet. All of a sudden he thought in fright: “Why, I have no money. When the conductor comes out again I must buy a ticket, and if I can’t buy one he’ll kick me off the tram, and then I might as well be buried.” The conductor came nearer and nearer to the door. Already he was standing in the doorway calling: “Fares! All fares, please!” He ripped off long white strips of paper and made rows of holes with a ticket-punch. The people on the platform handed him their money and received their ticket in return. “And you?” he asked Emil. “I have lost my money, sir,” Emil said, because no-one would have believed his story about the theft. “Lost your money? I’ve heard that tale before. And where do you want to go to?” “I– I– don’t know yet,” Emil stuttered. “I see. Well, then, see that you get off at the next stop and make up your mind where you do want to go.” “No, I can’t do that. I must stay here, please sir.” “If I tell you to get off, off you get. Understand?” “Give the boy a ticket!” said the man who had been reading a newspaper. He handed the conductor a coin. The city was so large, and Emil was so small. And no-one was interested in knowing why he had no money and why he did not know where he was going to get off the tram. Four million people lived in Berlin and not one of them was interested in Emil Tischbein. No-one wants to know about other people’s troubles. And when anyone says: “I’m most frightfully sorry about that,” he does not usually mean anything more than: “Oh, do leave me alone!” What was going to happen? Emil swallowed hard and felt very unhappy and lonely. (From Emil and the Detectives by Erich Kästner)

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language: Language

Unit

The following questions are based on the text “On Holiday”. 1. Where was Emil due to meet his grandmother? (1) 2. Why didn’t Emil get out at the right station to meet her? (2) 3. How can you tell from the passage that Emil was on a tram consisting of two cars linked one behind the other? (1) 4. In which car was Emil, and in which was the thief? (2) 5. Does Emil come from the country or from a city? Give a reason for your answer. (2) 6. Why was it so important for Emil to keep the thief in sight? (2) 7. Choose the answer for which you can find the most evidence in the passage that it is correct. Only write down the question number and letter of the answer. 7.1 The stranger paid for Emil’s ticket, because: a. he is kind-hearted. b. he felt sorry for Emil. c. he believed Emil’s explanation. d. he wanted to read his newspaper in peace. 7.2 Emil was in a hurry, because: a. there were crowds of people. b. he was looking for someone in the crowd. c. his grandmother was waiting for him. d. the man who stole his money could disappear in the crowd. 7.3 Emil felt unhappy and lonely, because: a. no one wanted to listen to him. b. no one was interested to hear why he had no money. c. he had no money. d. the city was very large and he was very small. 7.4 The conductor … a. does not like Emil. b. is only interested in money. c. thinks Emil is telling a lie. d. is a nosey person, wanting to know where everybody wants to go. 7.5 From whose point of view is the story told? a. The author’s b. The conductor’s c. Emil’s d. The man with the newspaper’s (5) 8. What is Emil’s surname? (1) 9. Why didn’t Emil know where he wanted to go? (2) 10. Why did Emil tell the conductor that he has lost his money? (2) 11. What did the conductor think Emil was trying to do? (1)

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language: Language

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1.2

Unit

In the passage we have the words fares and tale. Write down two other words that are pronounced exactly the same, but are spelt differently and have different meanings. 12.1 Fares 12.2 Tale (2) Look at the sentence in the passage with the underlined words. In the context of the passage, give the opposites, or antonyms for the underlined words. 13.1 Lost 13.2 No-one 13.3 Believed (3) Write down two words from the first paragraph that are examples of onomatopoeia. (2) What is the subject and what is the theme of this passage? (2) [30] Word level: Adverbs of place and degree

An adverb is a word or phrase that modifies the meaning of an adjective, verb, or other adverb, expressing manner, place, time, or degree (e.g. gently, here, now, very). Adverb of place:

Answers the question WHERE (often looks like prepositions)

Some common ones are: about above backwards behind elsewhere far near nearby over there

abroad below here off towards

anywhere down inside on under

away downstairs indoors outside upstairs

back east in out up

Adverb of degree: Answers how much of, or how little of something. (These are more complicated; they often modify other adjectives or adverbs and stand right in front of them. E.g.: She is VERY tired.) Some common ones are: almost absolutely deeply enough far fully incredibly intensely most much purely quite so somewhat

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awfully enormously greatly just nearly rather strongly

barely entirely hardly least perfectly really terribly

completely extremely highly less practically scarcely

decidedly fairly how little pretty simply

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language: Language

Unit

ACTIVITY 1 Fill in the correct adverbs in the sentences below. 1. I found his home very ______. 2. Rohan behaves very ______ with his grandparents. 3. My father will be ______ of town this weekend. 4. Rohan plays football ______. 5. He doesn’t care for anything and ______ looks happy every time. 6. They called the police ______ after the accident. 7. Kiran is a ______ paid employee of this company. 8. I was stuck in a jam for ______ two hours. 9. How ______ do you go there? 10. Thomas was ______ happy when he got his first job. 11. ______ I met my childhood friend Meeta. 12. You need to run ______ to win this race. 13. I won’t say it ______. 14. Speak ______ I cannot hear you. 15. You should smoke ______, as it is dangerous for your health. 16. We searched ______ but were unable to find her lost jewellery. 17. I hope to see you ______. 18. Deepak never dresses ______ for work. 19. The manager looked at me ______ when I arrived late. 1.3 RULE 1

Sentence level: Subject-verb agreement A verb agrees with its subject in number. Singular subjects take singular verbs: The car stays in the garage. The flower smells good.

RULE 2

The number of the subject (singular or plural) is not changed by words that come between the subject and the verb. One of the eggs is broken. “Of the eggs” is a prepositional phrase. The subject “one” and the verb “is” are both singular. Mentally omit the prepositional phrase to make the subject verb-agreement easier to make.

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language: Language

Unit

ACTIVITY 2 Underline the correct verb in each of the sentences below. 1. Your sister (talk/talks) too much. 2. That man with the roses (look/looks) like a famous singer. 3. The women at the beach (swim/swims) well. 4. Lungiso (drive/drives) a bakkie. 5. The rugby players (run/runs) five kilometres every day. 6. That curly-haired lady in the red hat (live/lives) across the street. 7. He (cook/cooks) dinner for his family. 8. The friends (walk/walks) to school every day. 9. The weather on the coast (appear/appears) to be good this weekend. 10. The centre on the basketball team (bounce/bounces) the ball too high. 1.4

Sentence level: Parts of speech

There are EIGHT parts of speech: You should make sure that you know each of these and their definitions very well. All words can be divided into these eight groups.

Nouns Pronouns Verbs Adjectives Adverbs

• Nouns name places, people and things. • There are many different types of nouns. • Proper nouns, common nouns, abstract nouns, collective nouns, possessive nouns and compound nouns. • Pronouns take the place of nouns. • There are different kinds of pronouns: personal, possessive, reflexive, indefinite and relative pronouns. • Verbs shows actions or states of being. • There are two main categories: action verbs and linking verbs (that describe a state of being). • Adjectives describe or 'modify' nouns and pronouns. • They say how many, which one, what kind or whose it is. • Adverbs modify or describe the verbs, adjectives and other adverbs. • Adverbs say how, when, where or why something happened.

Prepositions

• Prepositions show the relationship between a noun or pronoun and another word in the sentence.

Conjunctions

• Conjunctions are used to join two or more phrases.

Interjections

• Interjections show excitement or emotion.

• They are not grammatically related to the rest of the sentence.

Study Guide G08 ~ English Home Language: Language

Unit

ACTIVITY 3 Write the definition and an example of each of the eight parts of speech in your workbook. Diagramming the eight parts of speech Note: This is optional and will not be assessed. However it does provide you with a means of reinforcing grammar in a visual way and is often easier to learn this way. Sentence diagramming is an extra activity. Learners who struggle with grammar may find it useful for additional practice. Examples of diagrams will be included until all parts of speech have been covered. For further diagramming instructions, lessons and examples see: www.english-grammar-revolution.com Have you ever heard of or seen sentence diagramming? This is a fun and interesting way to learn grammar. This is a sentence diagram:

It provides you with a way of visualising sentences and reinforces your comprehension of sentence structure and the eight parts of speech. Letâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;s take a look at the eight parts of speech and how to diagram each of them.

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Nouns and pronouns Nouns name people, places, things or ideas. Examples: book, matches, sunlight, Maria, baby, shell Pronouns take the place of one or more nouns. Examples: I, you, me, they, who, which, yourself

Nouns and pronouns perform many functions in a sentence, because they can take any of these forms: subjects, direct objects, indirect objects, objects of the preposition, predicate nouns, etc.

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