Gr 9-Life Orientation-Study Guide by Impaq

Í2)È-E-LIO-SG015Î 1

LIFE ORIENTATION STUDY GUIDE Grade 9

A member of the FUTURELEARN group

Life Orientation Study guide

1809-E-LIO-SG01

Í2)È-E-LIO-SG015Î

Grade 9

CAPS aligned

LM van der Walt

Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

CONTENTS LESSON ELEMENTS ................................................................................................ 3 FOREWORD .............................................................................................................. 5 YEAR PLAN .............................................................................................................. 6 UNIT 1: Self-development in society and the world of work ................................ 9 ACTIVITY 1: ...................................................................................................... 19 ACTIVITY 2: ...................................................................................................... 24 ACTIVITY 3: ...................................................................................................... 25 UNIT 2 Constitutional rights and responsibilities and the world of work. ........ 27 ACTIVITY 4: ...................................................................................................... 41 ACTIVITY 5: ...................................................................................................... 49 ACTIVITY 6: ...................................................................................................... 54 UNIT 3 World of work, and health, social and environmental responsibilities . 56 ACTIVITY 7: ...................................................................................................... 67 ACTIVITY 8: ...................................................................................................... 73 ACTIVITY 9: ...................................................................................................... 79 UNIT 4 World of work, constitutional rights, responsibilities and selfdevelopment in society.......................................................................................... 82 ACTIVITY 10: .................................................................................................... 94 ACTIVITY 11: .................................................................................................... 98 ACTIVITY 12: .................................................................................................. 101 ACTIVITY 13: .................................................................................................. 108 UNIT 5 Physical Education .................................................................................. 110 ACTIVITY 1: .................................................................................................... 131 ACTIVITY 2: .................................................................................................... 143 ACTIVITY 3: .................................................................................................... 149 ACTIVITY 4: .................................................................................................... 154 BIBLIOGRAPHY AND REFERENCES.................................................................. 155

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Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

YEAR PLAN TERM 1

LESSON

DATE STARTED

1. Lifestyle decisions 2. Sexual behaviour and sexual health 3. Time-management skills

4. Issues relating to civil rights and responsibilities 5. Constitutional values and role models 6. Available options after completion of Grade 9

7. Careers and subject choices 8. Concept: voluntary service 9. Health and safety issues relating to violence

10. Providers of study and career funding 11. Contributions from various religions towards the promotion of peace 12. Sport ethics in all physical activities 13. Challenging situations: Depression, sorrow, loss trauma and crisis

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DATE COMPLETED

Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

PHYSICAL

LESSON

EDUCATION Unit 5 TERM 1

Safety issues relating to fitness activities Participation in activities that improve the level of physical health

Safety issues relating to participation in sport

Participation in and execution of a game plan for an individual or team sports 3

Safety issues relating to movement activities. Participation and finishing of own peer group’s execution of movement activities

Safety issues relating to outdoor recreation programme Participation and execution of movement during an outdoor recreational programme: WALK AND HIKE

DATE

STARTED

COMPLETED

Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

Unit

UNIT 1: Self-development in society and the world of work LEARNING OBJECTIVES: After completing the unit, you must be able to:  Identify the influence of the media, environment, friends, family

culture and religion on personal lifestyle choices.  Apply informed decision-making skills.  Act with confidence and be assertive.  Identify risk factors that can lead to unhealthy sexual behaviour.

 Recognise the consequences of unhealthy sexual behaviour.  Implement strategies to address unhealthy sexual behaviour.  Be aware of places where they can get help.  Develop skills to manage their work and use their time efficiently.  Read and write for different purposes.

INTRODUCTION It is important that learners must be able to use the life skills they have learned to apply and develop their personal potential. It enables learners to react efficiently to the challenges from the world around them. Adolescence is characterised by emotional and physical changes. It is important that learners should be able to build a positive self-image and to be accepted by their peers. This unit enables the learner to develop further life skills. It will also help learners to develop emotional intelligence that will empower them to deal with challenges. The unit supplements the work done in the previous grade with new knowledge.

Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

Unit

IMPORTANT TERMINOLOGY New terminology used in every lesson is explained in the DEFINE box.

Every lesson is compiled in such a way that you can work through it at your leisure and then answer the questions at the end of the lesson. The questions test your comprehension of the learning material. There are also questions after some of the lessons that test your insight, and there are application questions to help you master the required outcomes. Every lesson has a time allocation. This is the recommended length of time to work through the lesson and answer your questions.

1.1. Lesson 1: Goal-setting: Personal lifestyle choices (3 hours) 1.1.1 A healthy lifestyle • What is a healthy life? The World Health Organization (WHO) defines health as a condition of total physical, mental and social wellness. It is not only the absence of disease. The real definition of health is about the steps, actions and strategies that you put into place to achieve optimum health. A healthy lifestyle means taking responsibility for the choices you make regarding your body and making wise choices about your health for now and for the future. However, the choices you make regarding your health involve various aspects: •

exercise

•

diet

•

sleep

•

emotional and mental health

•

spirituality.

Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

Unit

EXERCISE Physical activity comprises all forms of muscle movement. It can range from everyday activities to sport. Purposeful exercise consists of exercises that are practiced at least three to five days per week. It is necessary to exercise for 20 – 60 minutes per session to gain optimal results. This includes activities such as, for example, walking, running, cycling or swimming. Benefits of regular exercise: •

improves your health.

•

makes you feel better about yourself.

•

contributes towards your mental health.

•

improves your appearance and therefore your self-image.

•

can improve your social life; you meet many new people if, for example, you join a sport club or gym.

•

improves your stamina and endurance.

DIET/NUTRITION Healthy eating doesn’t mean a strict dietary plan that deprives you of your favourite food. On the contrary, it is about feeling good, having more energy and keeping yourself as healthy as possible. Healthy eating is about clever eating. It’s not always about what you eat, but how much you eat. Moderation is the key: every person should maintain a balance between carbohydrates, protein, healthy fats, fibre, vitamins and minerals. The following basic guidelines about nutrition are provided by the South African Cancer Association: •

Eat raw vegetables and fruit every day.

•

Eat at least five portions of vegetables and fruit per day.

•

Eat more fibre; eat your fruit and vegetables in the skin as far as possible.

•

Try to eat more whole grain foods such as Weetbix and oats.

•

Limit your intake of processed food such as viennas and polony.

•

Avoid too much sugar and salt.

•

Drink at least eight glasses of water every day.

•

Avoid carbonated soft drinks that contain a lot of sugar.

•

Drink rooibos tea rather than coffee.

(Information from: www.cansa.com)

Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

Unit

It is good to learn about the basic nutrition principles and food groups: NAME OF NUTRIENT

CARBOHYDRATES

FUNCTION OF

FOODS IN WHICH THEY

NUTRIENT

ARE FOUND

Provides energy

Potatoes, rice, grains, pasta, bread, fruit and vegetables

PROTEINS

Helps your body to grow

Red meat, poultry, fish,

and heal

dairy products, eggs, and beans

HEALTHY FAT

Provides energy and

Dairy products, red meat,

builds up the body

avocado, canola oil and canola margarine, nuts and seeds.

FIBRE

MINERALS

Assists with the digestion

Grains, fruit, bread and

of food

vegetables

Iron ensures healthy

Fresh fruit and vegetables

blood. Calcium is necessary for healthy bones and teeth. Magnesium helps to sustain your nervous system. VITAMINS A, B, C, D, E

Vitamins sustain your skin,

Dairy products, eggs,

teeth, bones and general

fresh fruit and vegetables.

health.

Vitamin supplements.

SLEEP Sleep plays a vital role in our daily lives and functioning. It influences your physical, as well as your mental health. Adequate sleep will improve your ability to handle stress and challenges. The required amount of sleep varies from person to person. Teenagers need at least nine hours sleep per day to function and grow optimally. Adults need six to eight hours sleep per day.

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Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

Unit

EMOTIONAL AND MENTAL HEALTH The correct diet, regular exercise and adequate sleep all contribute towards a healthy emotional state. You have to develop strategies to control and manage your stress levels. Make enough time for friends and family. Accept help and support from friends and family when you experience difficult times.

SPIRITUALITY Spirituality has nothing to do with your particular religion. It is about your connection to other people and with life itself. It is important to have religious and spiritual values. It helps you to keep in touch with yourself and to cope with the knocks of life.

DEFINE: Spirituality: A person’s feeling of peace and connection with other people and the person’s belief in the meaning of life. (CANSA) Peer group: People the same age as you. Lifestyle choice: The way you choose to live your life.

1.1.2 The influence of certain factors on lifestyle choices We look at how certain factors influence your lifestyle choices:

o THE MEDIA Mass media is a powerful source of communication. The role of the media in society is to spread information. TV, the Internet, magazines and newspapers reach millions of people every day. When we make use of media, we have to think critically about what we are looking at, what we read and what we hear. We have to be able to identify how it affects our thoughts, attitudes and behaviour. Teenagers are easily influenced by what the media dishes up to them. The media creates a fixed idea about people and characters. The media manipulates young people by what they serve. You may perhaps want to be like a certain famous movie star. This can lead to you making the wrong lifestyle choices. You may stop eating because your hero or heroine is very thin. You may start smoking because the person you admire does it!

Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

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It is important to know that the media targets your desires and not necessarily what you need. They want to sell their products and therefore adjust their strategies accordingly. Advertisements make you believe that if you buy a certain product it will make you happy. But you have to realise they only create an illusion, which is not the truth.

o THE ENVIRONMENT AND THE SOCIETY IN WHICH YOU LIVE The environment in which you live determines the places and people you are exposed to every day. Research shows that teenagers, who grow up in neigbourhoods where there is a lot of violence, tend to get involved in the violence. It is often not because they want to, but because they fear for their safety if they do not get involved. This is why they often belong to gangs.

Teenagers who grow up in more sheltered and more affluent environments have less frequent contact with unwise lifestyle choices. However, they are not exempt from it. The community you live in also has a defining effect on the choices you make. The people in your community serve as role models in you life. In the community where you live, there are certain preconceived norms and values that you have to comply with. In certain communities, behaviour such as pre-marital sex, alcohol and drug abuse and violence is acceptable. Children who grow up in such societies or communities are exposed to it every day. They therefore accept such behaviour as the norm. Children, who grow up in communities where such choices are considered as wrong, are therefore more likely to make good lifestyle choices. However, it depends on every person what his/her lifestyle choices would be.

o FRIENDS AND PEERS Your friends are a very important part of your life during your teenage years. They are the people who support you in difficult times and with whom you spend much of your time. Your friends have a defining influence on the choices you make. You want to please them at all times and fear that you may lose their friendship if you donâ&#x20AC;&#x2122;t want to be part of their activities. You have to decide for yourself whether you want to do the wrong things with them. It is important to act assertively in your friendships.

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Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

Unit

Your friends have to know what is important to you. You have to live according to your own norms and values so that you can be a role model for your friends. Enrich yourself with knowledge regarding certain topics such as unhealthy sexual behaviour, smoking, the use of alcohol, and drug abuse. Tell your friends how dangerous they are. Your peers are those people who are the same age group as you. They are usually the group of people from whom you choose your friends. o YOUR FAMILY Your family maintains a certain lifestyle. Your parents may choose not to smoke or drink, they eat healthily and exercise regularly. Your parents’ lifestyle choices will have an influence on your lifestyle choices. It is the example put to you and will guide you in the choices you make. You should be grateful if you are exposed to healthy lifestyle choices within your family circle. Not all children have that privilege. Some children are exposed to violence, alcohol and drug abuse and sexual debauchery. o YOUR CULTURE AND RELIGION Culture and religion go hand in hand. The culture that you belong to requires you to make certain lifestyle choices. What is acceptable in some cultures is not the norm in other cultures, for example pre-marital sex. It is especially considered unacceptable in Western culture. However, there are cultures that call for it to establish a woman’s fertility. The religion you practise influences your lifestyle choices. Different religions uphold different norms. The Christian religion, for example, holds that you may not harm your body. For this reason, they believe that excessive use of alcohol, drug abuse and pre-marital sex is sinful.

You can now see how many different factors there are that can influence your lifestyle choices for yourself and your future. It doesn’t matter in what circumstances you grew up, you determine your own choices. You can use your background and experiences to make the correct lifestyle choices for yourself!

Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

Unit

CORE CONTENT: During this lesson you should learn what it means to make lifestyle choices. There are many factors that influence your choices and the way you live your daily life. It is important to be able to consider the different factors, analyse them and make the correct choices accordingly. You have to be able to make wise choices about your life and your future. You have to act with self-confidence and be assertive in your relationships with other people. You can only act with confidence if you are actually sure who you are and what you want to achieve in life. Being assertive does not mean that you are arrogant. It simply means that you can make choices with confidence and determination and stick to your choices!

1.1.3 Decision-making skills Even as a teenager you have to make choices about your future. This includes your lifestyle choices. You can only change your dreams into reality if you set goals for yourself. This helps you to know where your life is heading. How do I set goals for myself, especially regarding my lifestyle choices? 1. Make sure it is something you really want or want to do and not something that someone else expects of you. For example, you don’t want to drink alcohol because you are convinced that people should look after their bodies. You don’t refrain from drinking alcohol only because your parents forbid it. 2. Your goals have to be in agreement with your values and norms. For example, you do not drink alcohol, because you value a healthy body. 3. It must not contradict your other goals. For example, you don’t want to use alcohol, but you do smoke cigarettes. 4. You must approach your goals in a positive way. For example, don’t be negative about it and avoid parties because you are afraid that you may give in to the temptation to drink. Look at it as a positive step towards being a role model for your friends. 5. Write down your goals. 6. Revise your goals regularly: •

What are the benefits if you reach your goal?

•

What obstacles do you have to overcome to reach your goal?

Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

Unit

•

Identify people who can help you reach your goals.

•

Make a list of the abilities you have that will help you reach your goals, for

example your perseverance. When you have worked through all the steps and established a goal for yourself, you can move on to the DECISION-MAKING PROCESS.

The way in which you make decisions, influences your decisions. Making good decisions require a great deal of practise. Which strategies do you use to make decisions? 

Do you make impulsive decisions, or do you consider the advantages and disadvantages?



Do you make your decisions alone, or do you ask for help from someone else?



When someone gives you guidance and advice, do you accept it?

If you take a decision methodically and approach decision-making less emotionally, you will make more informed decisions. To make more informed decisions, you have to think about the consequences of your decision before you make a decision. The next four steps will help you to take informed decisions. STEP 1: IDENTIFY THE PROBLEM. What is the decision you have to take? Focus on the specific problem. STEP 2: IDENTIFY SOLUTIONS. What are the different choices that you can make? Gather information about all the different options. Think about the different possible ways in which you can solve the problem. STEP 3: CONSIDER THE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF EVERY OPTION. You should not only consider the consequences for yourself, but also how it would affect the people around you. STEP 4: DECIDE WHICH OPTION IS THE BEST ONE. Discuss the options with your family, friends, relatives or anybody that you trust, before you take a final decision. You have now taken a decision. It is sometimes difficult to share your decisions with others. Your decisions may not please everyone. However, you have to act with selfconfidence and be assertive, so that you will be taken seriously.

Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

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Steps that will help you to act with more self-confidence and to be assertive: 1. Identify a person whom you think radiates self-confidence. Use the person as a mentor. Watch how the person acts and learn from the example. 2. Speak with your body. Your physical attitude determines whether you appear self-assured. Don’t fidget or avoid eye contact. Maintain a good posture and move with confidence. 3. Speak loudly and clearly. 4. See yourself as being filled with confidence. It is important what you think of yourself. But guard against appearing arrogant. 5. Practise being self-confident. Practise your behaviour by using different situations in which you find yourself. 6. Make eye contact at all times with the person or persons you are talking to. 7. Practise how you are going to process and deal with rejection. Teach yourself to accept it gracefully and don’t allow it to affect you negatively. 8. When you are having a conversation, choose your topic in such a way that everybody can participate in it. Choose a topic that is relevant. 9. Choose to forget negative comments. 10. Choose people who have a positive attitude and surround yourself with people who have the same interests as you.

You now have enough information to make informed lifestyle choices! FOR THE CURIOUS: The World Health Organization warns that tobacco will probably have taken the lives of more than 8 million people worldwide by 2030. Do research about the following aspects of tobacco: • The history of tobacco • Tobacco production • The dangers of smoking • Smoking and young people. There is information about the topic in the facilitator’s guide. When you have completed your research, you can update this information with your facilitator.

Study Guide G09 ~ Life Orientation

Unit

ACTIVITY 1: Question 1: The following question is about the effect of the media on your personal lifestyle choices. Choose any programme you watch regularly on TV. Answer the following questions with reference to the programme: 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.

What is the name of the programme? (1) What are the names of the two main characters? (2) How old are the main characters and how do they dress? (4) Why is it your favourite programme? Give two reasons. (2) In which country or city does the story take place? (1) Which age group do you think is the target group for the programme? Why do you say so? (2) 7. Which characters are your favourites and why do you say so? Name two characters. (4) 8. Which characteristics of the character would you like to have? Name two characteristics. (2) 9. Which character is unpopular in the programme and why? (2) 10. Name two life lessons that you can learn from the programme? (2) 11. Do you think the programme influences the way in which you behave, think or dress? (3) 12. Who is your role model? (1) 13. Do you think all the exposure to movie stars and famous people have a positive or a negative effect on your way of thinking? Give reasons for your answer. (2) [30]

1.2 Lesson 2: Sexual behaviour and sexual health (4 hours) 1.2.1 Unhealthy sexual behaviour Sexuality is part of being human. You have to establish healthy relationships with other people. Don’t be shy to talk about the things that you wonder about. It is important to maintain a healthy sexual lifestyle. It protects you against unwanted pregnancy and sexually transmitted diseases.

Adolescents’ risk of contracting sexually transmitted diseases, including HIV/AIDS as a result of sexual behaviour, is high. Starting early sexual relationships contributes towards teenagers having multiple sexual partners. Teenagers’ physical, emotional and social well-being is threatened when they are not equipped to sustain their sexual health.